分析化学英文PPT
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原位、活体、实时、无损分析
High throughput and high speed 高通量、快速分析 auto- 自动化、micro- 微型化、image- 图像化
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
7
How to estimate a method?
22
The Laboratory Notebook
Record all data directly Date each page Never erase or use whiteout Never remove a page
23
The laboratory notebook
Providing a complete record of all your work A legal document that helps establish patent rights and proof of discovery
21
Cleaning and Marking Labware
Use pencil or special markers to label all glassware Thoroughly clean all glassware before being used (soap, tap water, deionized water, solvent to be used)
An example: improving established methods.
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
6
The analytical perspective High sensitivity 高灵敏度 ――single-molecular level High selectivity 高选择性 ――complex system(cell、medicine) In situ, in vivo, real-time, label-free
20Байду номын сангаас3-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
8
What are we interested?
Evaluating analytical data (parts in chapter 2-4 ) Chemical analysis --- titration (chapter 9) Acid-base, Complexation, Redox, Precipitation. Instrumental analysis (chapter 10, parts in chapter11-12) Spectrscopic methods, Chromatographic methods.
Object：determine how much of a constituent species is
present in a sample.
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
3
Analytical approach
13
Conversion between concentration units
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
14
Significant figures 有效数字
In Chapter 2
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
15
Basic Equipment and Instrumentation
Instrumentation for Measuring Mass
Electronic balance
16
Equipment for Measuring Volume
17
18
Equipment for Drying Samples
24
Identify and define the problem Design the experimental procedure Conduct an experiment, and gather data Analyze the experimental data Propose a solution to the problem
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
9
How to express the results
SI units: stands for System International unites. Internationally
agreed on units for measurements.
7.
8.
选择性 selectivity
动态范围 dynamic range
Cost Costs of investment Duration of analysis with regard to personnel costs Special safety precaution Costs of installation, housing Degree of training operator because of salary Sample throughput Costs of reagents
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
10
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
11
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
(a) Desiccator. (b) Desiccator with stopcock for evacuating the desiccator.
19
Equipment for Drying Samples
20
Rules for handling Reagents
Select the best grade Never return reagent to stock bottle Keep work area neat, clean up any spills Obey rules concerning disposal of chemicals
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
2
• Qualitative analysis
Object：determine the identity of the constituent species
in a sample.
• Quantitative analysis
分析方法的评价
Effect
灵敏度 sensitivity 精确度 precision 系统误差 bias 准确度 accuracy 检出限 limit of detection 检测限 limit of determination
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Analytical Chemistry
分析化学
What is analytical chemistry?
Performing an analysis on a sample (chemical analysis) Improving established methods, extending existing methods to a new types of samples, and developing new methods for measuring chemical phenomena.
Change the sample'status for feasible measurement.
3. Measuring
Convenient method and instrument.
4. Calculating and evaluating
Data process. Error
2013-4-26 College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 5
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
4
Experimental process
1. Sampling
Accuratly represent the population from which it is drawn
2. Pre-treating
12
Units for expressing concentration
An expression stating the relative amount of solute per unit volume or unit mass of solution
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
High throughput and high speed 高通量、快速分析 auto- 自动化、micro- 微型化、image- 图像化
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
7
How to estimate a method?
22
The Laboratory Notebook
Record all data directly Date each page Never erase or use whiteout Never remove a page
23
The laboratory notebook
Providing a complete record of all your work A legal document that helps establish patent rights and proof of discovery
21
Cleaning and Marking Labware
Use pencil or special markers to label all glassware Thoroughly clean all glassware before being used (soap, tap water, deionized water, solvent to be used)
An example: improving established methods.
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
6
The analytical perspective High sensitivity 高灵敏度 ――single-molecular level High selectivity 高选择性 ――complex system(cell、medicine) In situ, in vivo, real-time, label-free
20Байду номын сангаас3-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
8
What are we interested?
Evaluating analytical data (parts in chapter 2-4 ) Chemical analysis --- titration (chapter 9) Acid-base, Complexation, Redox, Precipitation. Instrumental analysis (chapter 10, parts in chapter11-12) Spectrscopic methods, Chromatographic methods.
Object：determine how much of a constituent species is
present in a sample.
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
3
Analytical approach
13
Conversion between concentration units
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
14
Significant figures 有效数字
In Chapter 2
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
15
Basic Equipment and Instrumentation
Instrumentation for Measuring Mass
Electronic balance
16
Equipment for Measuring Volume
17
18
Equipment for Drying Samples
24
Identify and define the problem Design the experimental procedure Conduct an experiment, and gather data Analyze the experimental data Propose a solution to the problem
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
9
How to express the results
SI units: stands for System International unites. Internationally
agreed on units for measurements.
7.
8.
选择性 selectivity
动态范围 dynamic range
Cost Costs of investment Duration of analysis with regard to personnel costs Special safety precaution Costs of installation, housing Degree of training operator because of salary Sample throughput Costs of reagents
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
10
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
11
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
(a) Desiccator. (b) Desiccator with stopcock for evacuating the desiccator.
19
Equipment for Drying Samples
20
Rules for handling Reagents
Select the best grade Never return reagent to stock bottle Keep work area neat, clean up any spills Obey rules concerning disposal of chemicals
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
2
• Qualitative analysis
Object：determine the identity of the constituent species
in a sample.
• Quantitative analysis
分析方法的评价
Effect
灵敏度 sensitivity 精确度 precision 系统误差 bias 准确度 accuracy 检出限 limit of detection 检测限 limit of determination
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Analytical Chemistry
分析化学
What is analytical chemistry?
Performing an analysis on a sample (chemical analysis) Improving established methods, extending existing methods to a new types of samples, and developing new methods for measuring chemical phenomena.
Change the sample'status for feasible measurement.
3. Measuring
Convenient method and instrument.
4. Calculating and evaluating
Data process. Error
2013-4-26 College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 5
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
4
Experimental process
1. Sampling
Accuratly represent the population from which it is drawn
2. Pre-treating
12
Units for expressing concentration
An expression stating the relative amount of solute per unit volume or unit mass of solution
2013-4-26
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering