英语被动语态语法讲解

初中被动语态语法讲解

(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下：

一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done

一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done

现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done

将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

1. 一般现在时：

(1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country.

(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时：

(1)They agreed on building a new car factory last month. a new car building factory was agreed on last month.

(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten

3. 一般将来时：

(1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.

5. 现在进行时：

(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

(2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.

6. 过去进行时：

(1)The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended.

(2)This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.

7. 现在完成时：

(1)Someone has told me the meeting might be put off.I have been told the meeting might be put off.

(2)He has brought his book here. His book has been brought here.

(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

(1)You must hand in your homework after class. Your homework must be handed in after class.

(2)He can write a letter with the computer. A letter can be written with the computer by him.

(五)被动语态的使用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。

“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。

These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.

3.当主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in +名词作状语，而代替by短语。

These cars were made in China.

(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语谓语宾语

→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语谓语宾语

（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。

3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in +地点名词作状语。