初中英语被动语态讲解 练习及答案

被动语态一、考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.across, through 穿过across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。

动作是在物体的表面进行。

常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。

eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。

through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。

常用于门、窗户、森林等。

eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。

2.ill，sick“生病的”。

ill只在系动词后作表语eg: Her mother was ill in bed.sick 既可作表语eg: Her mother was sick in bed.也可作定语eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”eg: an ill person一个坏人sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.【固定搭配】动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词make room for给.....腾出地方eg: We can make room for her at this table.play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg: We can’t play a joke on law.speak highly of称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.say good bye to告别；告辞eg:I don't want to say good bye to them.take an active part in积极参加eg: They take an active part in school activities.take care of照顾；照料；注意eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation?【被动语态】（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

（二）被动语态的构成人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken过去完成时：had been + spoken（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

（不知道是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.（五）含有情态动词的被动语态We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.→It should be done at once.（六）特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV .→I am never let to watch TV by mother.3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.→（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.→（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.常见的句型结构：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）...... It is(was)well known that......众所周知It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然It must be remembered that......务必记住......It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记......It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)二、典型例题（）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.A are heldB were held C．are holding D．will ho1d（）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．A．is giving B is given C will give D has given （）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world.A. teachesB. is teachingC. has taughtD. is taught（）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer".A. is regardedB. has regardedC. is regardingD. regards（）5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.A. useB. are usingC. are usedD. used（）6. --Do you often clean your classroom?--Yes. Our classroom __________every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleaned（）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．A．polluted B was polluted C has polluted D．was po11ute （）8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A. is startedB. was startedC. has started（）9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!A. chooseB. am chosenC. was chosenD. haven chosen（）10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden．A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted（）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.A. will showB. were shownC. is shownD. will be shown （）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .A. givenB. will be givenC. has been givenD. gives（）13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.A. turned upB. put upC. shown upD. fixed up（）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allowed（）15. —Do you often clean your classroom?—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. Cleaned三、课后练习（）1．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.–I’m sorry, bu t I _____ when to meet.A. don’t tellB. didn’t tellC. haven’t toldD. wasn’t told（）2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down （）3．--- My watch ______.--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.A. is lostB. is brokenC. has foundD. has stopped （）4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?---No, I___________.A. am not invitedB. wasn’t invitedC. haven’t invitedD. didn’t invite（）5．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?-- Once a year.A. does; holdB. was; holdC. is; heldD. did; hold（）6．On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.A. sellB. soldC. is soldD. was sold（）7．The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.A. has been regardedB. are regardedC. has regardedD. regards（）8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.A. paintedB. were paintingC. were paintedD. had painted （）9．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.”---Sorry.A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D, must be thrown （）10．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008．A．will hold B will be held C．hold（）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. singB. to singC. singingD. sings（）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build（）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build（）14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is takenB. was takenC. takesD. took（）15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.--I think a bridge _________ over the river.A. was builtB. is being builtC. has been builtD. should be built（）16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.--But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio.A. so that, has been turnedB. when, has turnedC. if, has been turnedD. because, has turned（）17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car.A. has takenB. is takingC. is takenD. has been taken（）18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.A. may doB. must doC. may be doneD. must be done（）19.--Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.A. was buildingB. was builtC. has builtD. is built（）20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.A. askB. are askedC. will askD. will be asked典型例题一般现在时1A 。