被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)讲课稿

被动语态讲解

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have bee n done现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例 A new cinema is being built here．

4) was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5) had bee n done过去完成时

例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6) was/were being done 过去进行时

例 A meeting was being held when I was there.

7) shall/will be done 一般将来时

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8) should/would be done 过去将来时

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)

例The project will have been completed before July.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+ be+过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语

变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a

present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的

主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改

为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4) 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型

例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.

(=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.)

三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1. 英语中有很多动词如 break ， drive ， lock ， open ， sell ， read ， write ，

wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时， 常用其主动形式 表达被

动意义,主语通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而

被动语态则强调外界作用 造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock .（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked.（指不会有人来锁门，指 门没有锁”是人的原因）

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如： h a p p e n , take place, come

out, come true, 等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？

3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste,

look, feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 Your reason sounds reasonable

四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表

被动意义 。

1. 在need, want, require,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义， 其含

义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例 The house needs repairin （to be repaired .这房子需要修理。

2. 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不 定

式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例 The picture-book is well worth reading .

（=The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）

3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和 句中另

一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例 I have a lot

of things to do this afternoon .

（to do 与things 是动宾关系，与I 是主谓关系。）

试比较：I ' ll go to the post office. Do yobave a letter to be posted?

（此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是post 动作的执行者。）

被动语态专项练习

选择题

1 . ___ a new library ____ in our school last year?

A. Is ; built

B. Was ; built

C. Does ; build D .Did ; build

It is said that 据说; It is reported that 据报道; It is believed that ••大家相信， It is well known that 众所周知,

It is hoped that 大家希望， It is thought that 大家认为,