第二讲肌肉骨骼系统受力分析532202948精品PPT课件

一组肌群包括： 棘肌
spinalis
胸最长肌 longissimus thoracis
头最长肌 longissimus capitus
髂肋肌
iliocostalis
起点：骶骨背面，髂脊后部
止点：椎骨，肋骨，枕骨
伸展，旋转以及侧弯脊柱
该肌群的具体起止点位置请参照手册
8. 头颈肌
头半棘肌 Semispinalis capitus
upper T.vertebrae
Extend, rotate, and laterally flex vertebral column
腰方肌
Quadratus lumborum
髂脊和底部腰 第12肋骨和 Flexes
椎的横突
上部腰椎的 lumbar
Iliac crest and 横突 transverse Transverse
例题：一个举重运动员举重时第五腰椎受力情况 如何？
脊柱
结束语
当你尽了自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的， 所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。
When You Do Your Best, Failure Is Great, So Don'T Give Up, Stick To The End
颈半棘肌 Semispinalis cervicis
C3-7及T1-6横突 枕骨上下项线
Transverse
间，斜方肌深
processes of
面 Between
lower 4 cervical superior and
and upper 6
inferior nuchal
thoracic
lines on skull
suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles 5. 肩胛提肌 Levator scapulae (as we have known)
6. 腹部肌群
腹外斜肌 External oblique
腹内斜肌 Internal oblique
腹横肌 Transversus abdominis
下6条肋内面、胸腰 腹直肌外侧缘
筋膜、髂脊、腹股沟 韧带外侧
变为腱膜止于
Deep on costal (肋) 白线
cartilages, illiac crest Aponeurosis(腱
and inguinal （腹股沟）膜) of internal
ligament
intercostal
Flex and laterally flex lumbar vertebrae (弯 腰和侧弯腰)； compress abdomen to expel contents; (压缩腹部协 助排便) obliques are main rotators of lumbar spine（腰椎）
vertebrae
Articular processes (关节 突) of lower
Spans (横跨) 3 to 6 vertebrae and inserts of
cervical vertebrae spines of
and transverse cervical
processes of
vertebrae
1.7 脊柱的静力学问题
1、脊柱的特点
脊椎
颈椎 胸椎 腰椎
1~7 1~12 1~5
cervical vertebrae thoracic vertebrae lumbar vertebrae
骶骨
sacral
尾骨
coccygeal
作用：保护脊髓，支撑头、颈和上部躯干
由多个从合关节(amphiarthrodial jionts)构成，整体 来看具有杵臼关节的特点
vertebrae laterally
processes of processes of
lower lumbar upper lumbar
vertebrae
vertebrae and
last ribs
另有髂腰肌（由腰大肌和髂肌合成），若下肢固定有屈 躯干的作用。下一节讲
例题：一个正在看伏案疾书的人寰枕关节受力如 何？
线
Spines of upper Back of mastoid
thoracic
process and
vertebrae
superior nuchal
line
胸锁乳突 胸骨柄前，锁 乳突和上项线外
肌
骨上侧端
侧1/3
Sternoclei- two heads from outer surface of
2、寰枕关节与寰枢关节
寰枕关节 atlantooccipital joint
寰椎 cervical vertebrae i.e. atlas 枕骨髁 （两个）condyloid occipital
允许前、后与侧向的摆动
i.e. in sagittal frontal planes
寰枢关节 atlantoaxial
腹直肌
Rectus abdominus
耻骨结合线， 剑突和第5～
耻骨脊
7肋软骨
Pubic symphysis Sternum and and pubic crest lower costal
cartilages
Flex lumbar spine, compress abdomen
7. 竖脊肌 erector spinae muscles
Outer surface of 髂脊和白线
lower 8ribs
Passes down
and medially to iliac crest and linea alba
胸腰筋膜、髂 脊
Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Passes up and medially to lower 3 ribs and linea alba
寰椎 枢椎齿突
odontoid process
柱状关节，允许水平面上的转动 transversal plane
• 相关骨骼肌
– 头部肌群 – 头颈肌群 – 竖脊肌群 – 腰肌 – 腹部肌群
3. 相关的骨骼肌 头部
肌肉
起点
止点
头夹肌
Splenius capitus
下部颈椎和上 乳突后侧和上项
部胸椎
domastoid manubrium and mastoid process and
upper surface
lateral 1/3of superior nuchal line
of clavicle
功能 使头部伸、 旋转和侧 弯
旋转、侧 弯头颈， 来自百度文库胸骨及 肋骨
支配头部运动的其他肌群
4. 舌骨上肌群和舌骨下肌群 功能：提升及 沉降舌骨