现在完成时构成

现在完成时构成
现在完成时构成

、现在完成时构成

现在完成时构成:助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词

二、现在完成时的用法”

1 、现在完成时的" 完成用法"

现在完成时的" 完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。( 动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况-- 灯现在不亮了。)

现在完成时" 完成用法" 的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语( 如:already ,yet ,before ,recently 等) 、频度时间状语( 如:never ,ever ,once 等) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语( 如:this morning / month / year... ,today 等) 连用。例如:Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?

2 、现在完成时的" 未完成用法"

现在完成时的" 未完成用法" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。例如:He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978 年以来,他一直住在这儿。( 动作起始于1978 年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。( 动作开始于 5 年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语( 由since 或for 引导) ,或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语( 如:up to now ,so far 到目前为止) 等。例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意:(1) 现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come ,go ,arrive ,leave ,join ,become ,die 等。(2) 现在完成时常见两种句型:①主语+have / has been +for 短语②It is +一段时间+since 从句例如:He has been in the League for three years. 或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。

3 、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy 等。

4 、延续性动词的用法特征

(1). 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示" 段时间" 的状语连用。表示" 段时间" 的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等。如:I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

(2). 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的" 点时间" 状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.( 误) rain 为延续性动词,而at eight 表示" 点时间" ,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.( 正) 又如:

-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right.

5 、终止性动词的用法特征

(1). 终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:

The train has arrived. 火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?

(2). 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用( 只限肯定式) 。如:1) 他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago.

正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died.

2) 他来这儿五天了。误:He has come here for five days.

正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago.

正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here.

[说明] 1) 、2) 句中的die 、come 为终止性动词,不能与表示" 段时间" 的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:

(a) 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead,move to→live in,

finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold 。

(b) 将句中表示" 段时间" 的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(c) 用句型"It is+ 段时间+since..." 表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(d) 用句型" 时间+has passed+since..." 表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

(3). 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.

(4). 终止性动词的否定式与until/till 连用,构成"not+ 终止性动词+until/till ..." 的句型,意为" 直到…… 才……" 。如:You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。

(5). 终止性动词可以用于when 引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while 引导的时间状语从句中。when 表示的时间是" 点时间"( 从句谓语动词用终止性动词) ,也可以是" 段时间"( 从句谓语动词用

延续性动词) 。而while 表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach 为终止性动词)Please look after my daughter

while/when we are away. (be away 为延续性动词短语)

(6). 终止性动词完成时不可与how long 连用( 只限于肯定式) 。如:

误:How long have you come here?

正:How long have you been here?

正:When did you come here?

三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

1 、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对" 现在" 产生的影响。如:He visited Guilin in 1998. 他1998 年参观过桂林。( 只说明去桂林的时间)

2 、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如:Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。( 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)

3 、两种时态的区分

(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是" 助动词have /has + 过去分词" 。如:The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.

(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never 等副词和these days, this week, since..., for... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。看看以下的几组句子,有什么区别?

①Have you seen the film?(A) Did you see the film?(B)

[说明] 你看过这部电影吗?(A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;(B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。

②He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

[说明] 他在北京住了8 年。(A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8 年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。

(B) 句讲的是他在北京住过8 年,现在不在北京了。

一般过去时与现在完成时的用法区别

一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言: 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识,即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中,现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时,对现在完成时进行初步讲解,希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况) I knew him in 1997.(过去的动作) We have known each other since 1997. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如:He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗? -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

现在完成时练习题及答案

一、时态讲解:现在完成时 (1)构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, fo r…, since…,yet等。如: I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意: a)since和for的区别 since后接时间点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since 2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此,不能说:

一般过去时-现在完成时和过去完成时

一般过去时,现在完成时和过去完成时 一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示频度的时间状语连用,试看下列例句: 1. I was in the classroom yesterday morning 2. My father was at work last week. 3. I visited the Palace Museum three weeks ago. 4. He always went to work by bus last year. 5. I wrote home once a week at college. 1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等; 2. 由"last+一时间名词"构成的短语:last night, last year (winter, month, week)等; 3. 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语:a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等; 4. 其它:just now或者由句子本身的时态所反映出来的。 现在完成时表示:(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already,just,yet,before,ever,never 等副词连用;(2)发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。试看下列例句: 1.My father has brought many books for me , so I can do some reading now. 2.I have already finished my homework, so I can give it to my teacher now. 3.Kevin hasn't seen the film yet, so he has nothing to say about the film. 4.This is the best film I have ever seen. 5.Mary has been ill for three days. 6.I have lived here since 1998. 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now 等等,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, before, recently,ever, never等连用。

现在完成时态的结构

主要适用于下面的几种情况: 1)表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止,我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。 She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。 We haven't met for many years .我们已多年没见了。 They have developed a new product .他们研制成功了一种新产品。 2)表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗? She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了。 You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。 3)表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能还要延续 It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。 So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。 几点注意 1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思,以及它所处的语言环境。例如: He speaks English .(一般现在时,说明动作发生的经常性。) He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .(一般过去时,说明动作发生的时间。) He is speaking English.(现在进行时,说明动作正在进行。) He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(现在完成时,这里说明动作的总和。) He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. (现在完成进行时,强调动作的连续性。) 2)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时;如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。

现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习

现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.--_____ you _____ (have) lunch yet? ---Yes,I . --- When____ you _____ (have) it? ---I______ (have) it at 12:00. 2._____ she _____(write) a letter to her aunt yet? Yes, she_____ . She__________ (write)it the day before yesterday 3. --______ you____ (find) your knife yet? ---Not yet. 4. I _________(sing) the English song before. 5. I ____ never _____(see) him before. 6.. She_____ just _____(ride) a horse? 7. Tom with his mother _________(shop)just now. . 8. Sam ________ (go) to school by bike last year. 9.My brother _______(join) the army in 1999. 10.My brother _______(be)in the army since1999. 11.John_________( not watch ) TV last night. 12.She ______ (do) her homework already. 13.Where is Jack? He______(go) the park. 14. I _________ (read) the magazine yesterday. 15.What was she doing when she __ (come) here. 16.We_______ (play) football five hours ago. 17..Mike ______ already ______(finish) the work. 18. We ___________(run) out of money. What shall we do? 19. I _____ just ______ (lose) my math book. 20. I ___ _ (be) to Beijing twice 21.My father _____ never____(eat)ice cream. 22.I __________(work) here since 1995. 23.The_______(teach) English since they (come) to this school. 24.We __________(learn) 1000 words so far. 25. Tom ____________( be) away for three days. He will come back tomorrow. 26.The teacher _________(leave) two days ago. 27.The teacher______(be) here since two days ago. 28.--- _____ you ______ (clean) the room yet? --Yes, we __________ (do) that already. --When _______ you ______ (do) it? ---We _______ (do) it an hour ago. 29. ---______ he ______ (see) this film yet? --Yes,he _____. --When _____ he _____ (see) it? --He ____ it last week. 30. I _________ (read) the book twice. It’s interesting. 31—Where’s she? .-- She ________ (go) to Pairs. -- How ______she ______(go) there? --She _______ (go) there by air. 32. So far, many countries ___ _ (improve) their environment. 33. Mr Chen _____ (give)up smoking last year. 34. Mr Chen ______ (give) up smoking since last year. 35.It’s ten years since I ________(meet) her. 36.This is the most interesting book that I_________(read). 37.She _________(work) in this hospital in 2005. 38. She _________(work) in this hospital since 2005. 39.I __________ (clean) my room two hours ago. 40. I ________(clean) my room since two hours ago. 41 The old men ____________ (live)in the house for ten years. 42. Mum is not at home now. She _______ (go) the shop. 43.The sun ________(rise) since five o’clock. 44.I’m sorry I’ve already_______(forget) your name. 45.My leg _______(hurt) a lot last night. 46.They ________(eat) a lot of chichen already. 47.--- he ______ (give) the book back to the library? --Not yet. 48.My uncle _______(teach) English for ten years. He loves his job. 49.I ________(spend) five hours watching TV last weekend. 50.He’s just _______(tell) us a story. 二、按要求变换句型。 1.I have already eaten the food.(否定句) 2..We have ever read this book. .(否定句) 3.The plane has arrived. (否定句) 4. She’s lent some money to others. (否定句) 5. She has already visited her aunt.(一般疑问句并肯定回答) 6..My father has already hadlunch. (一般问句并否

现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习

现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了,我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年(现在也还在这里住) 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。(他现在还活着) 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。(today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语) 二、过去时的用法 1.

1.表示过去完成的动作,现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样? —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱(表示她现在已不可爱了。) 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用,表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次(表示他已去世)练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.

现在完成时结构

现在完成时的构成: 陈述句:S(主语)+ have/ has + 动词过去分词 I have had dinner. 否定形式:S(主语)+ hasn't/haven't + 动词的过去分词 I haven’t had dinner. 疑问形式:Have/has + S(主语) +动词过去分词 Have you had dinner 肯定回答:Yes, S(主语)+ have/ has. 否定回答:No, S(主语)+ have/ has+ not. 现在完成时适用范围: 1、谈论过去发生的事情,但是发生的时间不重要. . She has broken her arm. 她伤了她的胳膊. 2、谈论过去发生的某事,但对现在造成了影响 . She has broken her arm, so she can’t play basketball. 她伤了她的胳膊, 所以她不能打篮球了. 3、过去开始的某事,现在还在继续. . He has lived in China for 20 years. 他已经在中国住了20年了. He has lived in China since 1993. 4. 刚刚发生的事情. . They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到达了机场. 5. 经历或取得的成就. . He has passed his math exam with a high mark. 他以高分通过了他的数学考试. 现在完成时态中的重要标志词 already, yet, just, never, ever用法区别

1、already意思是“已经” A、通常用于陈述句中(放在have和has的后面) B、也可用于疑问句,表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异,此时 already常放在句末。 She has already found her bike. Has she found her bike already她已经找到自行车了 2、yet用法 A、yet可用于否定句,此时译为“还”; I haven’t found my ruler yet. B、也可以用于疑问句,译为“已经”(放在have和has的后面也可放在句末) Have you found your ruler yet你已经找到尺子了吗 3、just只用于陈述句意思是“刚才”(放在have和has的后面) I have just received a letter. 4、never用于否定句译为“从不”(放在have和has的后面) I’ve never been to Beijing. 5、ever用于疑问句译为“曾经”(放在have和has的后面) Have you ever been to Beijing 规则动词过去分词和过去式变法一样

一般过去时与现在完成时和过去完成时的比较

①一般过去时的基本用法 a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间连用. a moment ago(刚才),yesterday morning,last night/ week,the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)等。 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信. c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。 She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 她走进房间,拿起一本杂志,认真地翻阅了起来。 d)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时. We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开。 ②一般过去时的特殊用法 a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。 I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻20岁。 b)在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你,好吗? 现在完成时的用法: 1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果,强调的是这个影响或结果,一般不与过去时间连用,常同already, just, yet等状语连用例:I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。(结果是灯已经关上了) She has lost her bike. 她把自行车丢了。(影响是他现在没有自行车骑了) 2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能继续下去(也可能不继续下去),常同包括现在在内的时间状语连,也同“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”的状语连用 She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。 I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。

初中现在完成时练习题及答案.docx

现在完成时 现在完成时的构成: 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成,第三人称单数用has,其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 现在完成时的用法: 1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如: I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t s een you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. xx现在完成时连用的时间状语: already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never,since,for等连用。例如: I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have nev er been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过xx。

I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后,这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句:在have\has后加not结构:主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句:Has\Have提到主语前,其他照写。结构:Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意:肯定句中如有some\and,在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成 any\or,即 some-anyand-or 以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 部分不规则变化动词表 6.注意: 1.since和for的区别 since后接过去的某个时间点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.

现在完成时和过去完成时的区别

I have cleaned the classroom .(强调扫地所产生的结果:地干净了!) We have lived here for ten years.(“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时) We have lived here since we came here.(“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时) Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("来”中国已过去,而先前“住”在纽约更过去!)(另外注意:“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在!) We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term. (“上期期末”已过去,而是在其前“学”的就更过去了!) 一、从结构上区别 现在完成时: 主语 + have / has(not) + 过去分词 过去完成时: 主语 + had (not) + 过去分词 (二)从时间状语区别 现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。 过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括“by, at, before等构成的短语”。 注意:当表示一段时间,现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。 例如: The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时,会议已经开始了。 We had learned about 500English words when we were 6 years old. 我们六岁时就已经学了500个英语单词。

初中英语现在完成时的句型结构

肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词 否定句:主语+have/has not +过去分词 疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词 7. 现在完成时 (1) 现在完成时的句型结构 ①肯定句:主语+ have/has+ 过去分词 ②否定句:主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词 ③疑问句:Have/Has +主语+过去分词 (2) 现在完成时的用法 ①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。常和never, ever, several times等连用。 如: I’ve never bee n to Africa. Have you ever been to Tokyo? I’ve been there three times. ②. 表示某动作从过去开始,现在刚刚完成,对现在有一定的影响。常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。 如: He has just finished his new book. 注意:just now用于过去时。 ③.表示某动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,可能还会持续下去。通常与 for或since连用。 如:I have lived in Qingdao for 6 years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/ since I came to this city. It is/has been …+ since…. It’s been seven years since we last saw each other. It’s six years since he was a teacher. 注意:for+一段时间,since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。 ④ 在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。 如: You can go home when you have finished your work. 比较:You can go home when you finish your work. (3) 过去分词的构成 ① 一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。 如: listen-listened, talk-talked ② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d。

现在完成时和一般过去时

现在完成时专项练习 一、用since和for填空 1______ two years 2_______ two years ago 3_______lastmonth 4______1999 5 _______ yesterday 6 _______ 4 o’clock 7 ______ 4 hours 8_______ an hour ago 9_______ we were children 10 _____ lunch time 11 ______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16 It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 17 How long have you been here?-______ half past three. 18How long has that car been here?-______ yesterday. 19 How long have you been in this school?-______ four years. 20 How long has that boy been in your class?-______ six weeks. 21 How long have you lived here?-______ 1996 二、用have(has) been、have(has) gone 、have/has been to/in, have gone to填空。 1、A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. 2、Where is Jack? He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back. How long _____ he _____ this village? The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. I _____ this school since three years ago. 三、选择填空

一般过去时态和现在完成时态的区别练习题

一般过去时态和现在完成时态的区别练习题 1)一般过去时态表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的 事情,强调动作;现在完成时态中动作为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。如:I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have already seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知了) I haven’t finished my work yet. (强调对现在的影响,还有工作要做,不能去玩) When did you finish your homework? (询问过去的动作所发生的时间,与现在无关) 2)一般过去时态表示动作在过去已经停止;现在完成时态表 示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。 如:Ann visited her uncle last weekend.(visit这个动作在过去已经停止) They have lived here since 1983. (live here 这个动作从1983年开始,一直延续到现在) 3)一般过去时态常用非延续性动词,如borrow, buy, come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等。现在完成时态可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,与时间段连用时动词一般是延续性的,如keep, have, live, teach, learn, work, study, know, be等。如:He joined the League three years ago .(join 是短暂动词)

He has been in the League for three years.(be in表状态,在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可延续) 4)一般过去时态常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时态通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时态的时间状语:yesterday, last night/week/month/year…,…ago, in1980, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语. 现在完成时态的时间状语:for+时间段, since+过去的时间点/一般过去时态的句子, so far, , up to now, in the past ....years, 等,皆为不确定的时间状语。如:Tim wrote a letter to his brother last night. (last night 为具体的过去时间状语,所以用一般过去时态) I’ve learned English for three years . (for three years为时间状语,是个时间段,时间跨度大,不具体) 学以致用 1.——When _____ you _____ to learn to skate? ----Five years ago.

现在完成时的构成

现在完成时的构成 have∕ has + P.P. 现在完成时的用法 1完成表示过去的动作对现在的影响。Already .yet ever just before He has lost his key. 2还完成从过去一直持续到现在,是否持续下去不知道。 ⑴一次性动作完成的 与just连用,表示刚刚完成的动作或状态(just放在have∕has与P.P.之间)。 I have just had lunch. He has just finished his homework. ①already 已经肯定句中或句尾例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例:I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? I have already bought the computer. 例:Have you ever seen pandas? never从不句中例:I have never been to Beijing. before以前句尾

例:I have never been there before. how many times多少次three times How many times has he been to Beijing? havegone to去了某地 例:He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) havebeen to去过某地 例:He has been to Beijing. (去过北京) ⑵表示动作发生在过去,持续到现在,有可能延续到将来,常与since“自从…”(后面跟一点时间)for(后面跟一段时间)连用。 I have learned English since 2000. He has lived there for 10 years. 例:He has bought the book for 3 years. 1)He has bought the book 2)He bought the book 3 years ago 3)It’s 3 years since he bought the book..It is three hours since he got here . ( ④He has not bought the book for 3 years. (改为否定句) 5) He has had the book for 3 years. ①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here 例:I have come here for 3 years.(错)改为:I have been here for 3 years. ②leave/go →be away 例:He has left for 3 hours.(错)改为:He has been away for 3 hours. ③begin/start →be on 例:The film has begun for 3 minutes.(错)

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