核心语法知识精讲精练(通用版)

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核心语法知识精讲精练(通用版)

高考核心语法知识点精练14（特殊句式-省略与替代）1.When challenges and setbacks, he remains , brave and firm.A.faced with… hesitantB.facing… resoluteC.in face of… indecisiveD.facing with… determined2.He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him.A.if neverB.if everC.if notD.if any3.—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?—Yes. ______, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A.If everB.If busyC.If anything.D.If possible4.Some experts believe that the students, once ______ to computer games, will probably lose opportunities of progressing.A.addictingB.addictedC.having addictedD.being addicted5.Daniel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he won’t tell anyone even though ______.A.asked to keepB.to be askedC.to askD.asked to6.Though _______ by her classmates, the little girl didn’t burst into tears or be in despair.A.leaving outB.left outC.being left outD.leave out7.When learning he was admitted to a key college, _________.A.he burst into tearsB.tears came to his eyesC.he can hardly keep back his tearsD.and his parents were wild with joy8.There are some health problems that, if _______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A.not treatedB.not being treatedC.not to be treatedD.not having been treated9.When entering the office, _____.A.Winifred was found sitting at a deskB.Winifred was found sat at a deskC.we found Winifred seated at a deskD.we found Winifred seating at a desk10.Generally speaking，________ according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.A.when takingB.when takenC.when to takeD.when to be taken11.—It’s really a pity that you didn’t go to see Frozen II last night.—I ________, but I had to prepare for the coming exam.A.would like toB.ought toC.would haveD.may have12.When deeply ______ in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping.A.absorbingB.trappingC.absorbedD.trapped13.When _______ the two countries, we’ve found they have much in common.paredpareC.being comparedparing14.______ in the United States, St Louis has now become the 4th largest city.A.It is the 24th biggest cityB.It was the 24th biggest cityC.Once the 24th biggest cityD.Before the 24th biggest city15.The boy, though up in the countryside, soon adapted himself to the way of life in this big city.A.bringingB.having broughtC.broughtD.being brought16.Although ________ to stop, he kept on workingA.tellB.tellingC.having toldD.told17.When ________ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A.askingB.askedC.to askD.having asked18.When ________ how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that ________ this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.A.asking; no doubtB.asking; no wonderC.asked; no doubtD.asked; no wonder19.What do you feel when _______ to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle ofa call?A.leaving talkingB.left talkingC.being leaving talkingD.being left talking20.When _____ from the top of the hill, the whole city looks more beautiful.A.seeingB.seenC.is seenD.is seeing21.I am short and thin, but I run fast, I hope they will accept me _____.A.as I amB.as it isC.as it doesD.as I do22.Having an outdoor meal is always fun, but it can also be damaging to the planet if__________.A.planned not carefullyB.not planning carefullyC.not planned carefullyD.not to be planned carefully23.It is dangerous to drive the car while on the phone.A.talkB.talkingC.talkedD.to talk24.Although______money at that time, I managed to buy the piano for my daughter.ckedckingcking ofcked it25.A good interviewer is able to tell very quickly if you’ve done your homework about the company, so make sure you ________!A.doB.haveC.will doD.did26.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_____ regularly, can improve our health.A.being carried outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out27.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer.A.if notB.if everC.if anyD.if so28.“If”, he added, “_____ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”A.to giveB.being givenC.givenD.giving29.Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class.A.invitedB.invitingC.being invitedD.having invited30.______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.ckedcking ofC.Though lackingcked in31.I wonder why you won't do it as _____. It's the third time you have done so.A.you told toB.be toldC.tell youD.told to32.It is believed that, ________, the situation will get worse.A.if it not dealt carefully withB.if only dealt carefully withC.if not carefully dealt withD.it is not carefully dealt with33.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ________.A.if not managed carefullyB.if are not managed carefullyC.unless not managed carefullyD.unless are not managed carefully34.Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.A.to leaveB.leavingC.leaveD.left35.No matter how frequently ________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A.performedB.performingC.to be performedD.being performed36.Fear is one of the many enemies hidden inside us, and if _____ uncontrolled, it can destroy our lives.A.leavingB.leftC.having leftD.to be left37.Lei Feng was a person who was only too ready to help others, seldom ________, refusing them when they turned to him.A.if neverB.if everC.if notD.if any38.It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.A.OtherwiseB.If notC.But for thatD.If so39.If weather permits, we’ll go on a hike in the mountain. But if ________, ________.A.not, notB.no, noC.not, noD.no, not40.Nurseries are the areas where plants are grown to be sold or ______ in other places.A.being plantedB.to plantC.plantD.planted41.Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when ______.A.touchingB.touchedC.is touchedD.to be touched42.Our tutor would listen to us reading our essays aloud, but rarely, ________, commented on them.A.if everB.if anyC.if possibleD.if anything43.The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______.A.ignoreB.to be ignoredC.ignoringD.ignored44.When ______, the library will be open to the public next year.pletedpletingC.being completedD.to be completed45.Don’t ______ in the exam while _______ an exam.A.calm, takeB.cheat, takingC.list, takingD.ignore, take46.If _____more time, we can do it better.A.giveB.givingC.givenD.gave47.If _____ green, the door might look more beautiful.A.paintB.paintedC.to paintD.painting48.The mother told the little child not to speak to a stranger even if ______________A.speakingB.spokenC.spoken toD.he spoken to49.If ______ in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment.A.to catch to sleepB.caught to sleepC.catching sleepingD.caught sleeping50.Friendship is like money, easier made than ______.A.being keptB.to be keptC.keepingD.kept51.Although there is more female participation in IT workforce,______ a significant imbalance of male and female senior positions.A.it remainsB.there remainsC.there remainingD.that remains52.__________ ，I went out for a walk.A.There was nothing to doB.There being nothing to doC.There had nothing to doD.There were nothing to do53.—How many species do you believe will be threatened with extinction when the reservoir is completed?—I expect ________ ten at least.A.there to beB.there beingC.there beD.there have been54.__________is a certain doubt among people __________the official advertisement has a misleading effect on customers’ choices of electronic products.A.It; thatB.There; thatC.It; whetherD.There; whether55.There ______ no buses, we had to take a taxi.A.beingB.wasC.isD.were56.The visitors said that they had never dreamed ______ such a beautiful scenery.A.there to beB.of there to beC.of there beingD.of being57._______ seems to be some disagreement between his words and actions.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.What58.Just to his surprise, he had never expected a woman calling herself his birth mother 20 years after his birth.A.there to beB.there beingC.there isD.there have been59.There something wrong with the engine of the car, we had to go to the park by taxi.A.having beenB.beingC.isD.was60.I never dreamed of there _____ such a quiet place in the noisy city.A.isB.areC.beingD.be答案与解析：1.B【解析】考查固定短语和形容词词义辨析。

初中语法精讲精练.docx

初三系列复习资料语法篇一、名词【考点直击】1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2 ．名词所有格的构成及用法；3．近义名词的辨析。

【名师点睛】一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“- s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加 -s ，例如：book→books， girl →girls ，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor →doctors,boy→boys。

（2）以 s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加 -es ，例如：bus→buses，class →classes ，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush →brushes 。

（ 3）以 ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如： orange — oranges 。

（ 4）以辅音母加y 结尾的词变“ y”为“ i ”再加-es, 例如： ci ty →cities, factory→factories,country →countries, family→families。

但要注意的是以元音字母加y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如： boy→boys, day→days。

（5）以 o 结尾的词多数都加 -es 。

例如 :hero →heroes ，potato →potatoes ，tomato →tomatoes, 但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s 。

例如： zoo→zoos，radio →radios ，还有某些外来词也只加-s ，例如：photo →photos ，piano →pianos。

（ 6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变 f 为v 再加 -es，例如：knife→knives， leaf→leaves,half→halves 。

复数词尾复数词尾s（或s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。

es）的读音方法情况读法例词在 [p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s]cups, hats, cakes在 [s][z][t][ ][F]等音后[iz]glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces在 [d][ ][v]等浊辅音后[z]beds, dogs, cities, knives（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如： man→men，woman→women，tooth →teeth ，foot →feet ，child→children，mouse→mice。

英语语法精讲精练与专项练习（1）

英语语法精讲精练与专项练习（1）1. 中文名与英文名：【中文名】由两部分组成-----姓和名，如：Wang Lili一,Sun Wukong. 中文名用汉语拼音写成，姓和名要分开写，开头字母都大写。

英文名与中文名顺序恰好相反，名字在前，姓在后。

如：Jim Alan GreenFirst name Middle name Last name︸ ||Given name（教名）Family name （姓氏）【英文名】一般由三部分组成：首名（first name）、中名（middle name）和尾名（last name）,其中first name 和middle name是后起的名字，也叫given name（教名）。

Last name 是家族沿用的名字，也叫family name.【巧学妙记】先姓后名中文名，汉语拼音直写成，姓和名要分开写，开头大写才能行。

英文名，大不同，前面名字后面姓，首名称呼最常用，若要表示受尊重，Mr.Mrs.Miss.Ms.姓前用[专项演练]（）1.My full name is Jerry Harry Potter. My first name is＿and my family name is＿.A .Jerry HarryB .Jerry PotterC .Potter Jerry（）2.I’m Tom Green. You can call (称呼) me＿A. Mr. TomB. Mr. GreenC. Green2.物主代词：在英语中，表示“你的，我的，他的，她的，它的，你们的，我们的，他们的”等意义的代词形式就叫物主代词。

物主代词是代词的所有格形式，用来表示物品的归属关系，即某物归某人所有。

【主格代词】在句中主要作主语，一般放在句首，说明是谁的情况。

I am a student.我是一名学生。

She is my sister.她是我的妹妹。

He is in China now.他现在在中国。

03 同位语从句-中考英语总复习重点语法精讲精练(全国通用)

同位语从句一．什么是同位语？Linda, my English teacher, is very beautiful.I will never forget him, a great leader and thinker.I put my favorite desk, that brown one, in the most outstanding place of this house.以上句子中标红的部分均为同位语。

所谓同位语，是对前面的名词进行解释说明，与前面的名词指的是同一事物或人，一般前后都用逗号隔开。

1.名词作同位语Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. 王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。

2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。

3.直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4.句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

二．什么是同位语从句？上述第四种情况用句子对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明其内容叫做同位语从句。

三．同位语从句的连接词有哪些？引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词 that，whether，连接代词（what, which, who, whose）和连接副词(when, where, why, how)等。

02 宾语从句-中考英语总复习重点语法精讲精练(全国通用)

宾语从句一．宾语从句的定义（三分类）宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子。

简单来讲，就是用一个句子充当了另一个句子的宾语。

在英语中我们常说动宾，介宾，即动词，介词后面所跟的成分可称之为宾语，当这个宾语由句子充当时即称之为宾语从句。

注: 宾语从句的分类1. 动词宾语从句：位于动词后面的宾语从句。

如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.2. 介词宾语从句：位于介词后面的宾语从句。

如：I agree with what you said just now.3. 形容词宾语从句：位于形容词后面的宾语从句。

如：I’m glad that you can come. (在初中英语学习中，形容词宾语从句更多可以理解为固定搭配，如be glad/happy/sorry/sad/excited that +宾从，可总结为be+形容人心情的形容词+that +宾从)二．宾语从句的三种连接词（1）that：从句为陈述句语气时使用。

that无实际含义，在口语或非正式语体中可以省略He told me that his father was a doctor.注意：①动词宾语从句that可省略，介词宾语从句that不能省略①当一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that 不可省略。

即同一个动词后面同时跟了两个或多个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，后面的that不能省略。

He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.①注意it做形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语从句的情况，此时that一般也不能省略。

常见句型：make/think/find/suppose/imagine it adj that +宾从He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已经明确表示了。

语法精讲精练

单元语法小专题Grammar Focu语法精讲过去完成时1过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示“过去的过去”。

2过去完成时的各种句式结构过去完成时是由“助动词had＋动词的过去分词”构成的，had用于各种人称和数。

1 肯定句:主语＋had＋动词的过去分词＋其他2 否定句:主语＋had＋not＋动词的过去分词＋其他3 一般疑问句:Had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他？肯定回答: Ye，主语＋had否定回答:No，主语＋hadn't4 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组＋一般疑问句即:had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他5 被动语态:主语＋hadnot＋been＋动词的过去分词＋其他3过去完成时的判断依据1 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。

与过去完成时连用的时间状语有b/b the end of/before＋过去的时间点，b the time＋一般过去时从句等。

如:I had finihed reading the nove b nine o'coc at night到昨天晚上九点钟，我已经读完这部小说。

We had earned over two thouand Engih word b the end of at term到上学期末，我们已经学完了超过两千个英语单词了。

The bu had aread eft b the time/when I got there我到达那里时，公共汽车已经离开了。

2 由“过去的过去”来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。

这种用法常出现在:①宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。

在tod，aid，new，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句要用过去完成时。

2023年江苏中考英语核心语法精讲精练专题09 情态动词-含详解

专题09 情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词的原形构成谓语。

主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)。

一、情态动词can/couldcan可表示能力或可能性，过去式could。

和其他的情态动词一样，can和could后面直接接动词原形，否定形式直接加not。

can用法(1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。

Can you lift this heavy box? Yes, I can.（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate? No, I can’t.（技能）注意：be able to代替can, 也可以表示能力。

但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而be able to则有更多的时态形式。

例：①You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week.下星期你将能与外国老师用英语交谈了。

②My little brother has been able to write. 我的弟弟已会写字了。

这两种情况除外：①表将来时不可以用can替换如：I’ll not be able to finish all the work tomorrow morning.①表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。

如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.(2) 表示请求和允许。

—Can I go now? —Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.此时可与may互换。

核心语法知识夯基01 名词(精讲精练)(解析版)

名词（讲义）名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是人名、地方、国名、季节月份、机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，the Christmas Day等等。

普通名词是指一类人、事物、物质或抽象概念的名称，如：book，sadness等。

普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：指单个人或单个事物的名词，如：gun。

2）集体名词：指一群人或一些事物总称的名词，如：family。

3）物质名词：指无法分为个体的物质、材料、食品、液体等的名称，如：air。

4）抽象名词：指动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：honesty, courage。

能用具体数字来计算的名词是可数名词，不能用具体数字计数的名词是不可数名词。

名词复数的一般变化名词复数的规则变化1）以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数。

例如：monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2）以-o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加-s，如：photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos；b.加-es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoesc. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如：zero-zeros/zeroes3）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加-s，如：belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b.去f或fe，加-ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves. 名词复数的不规则变化1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen, a policeman, two policemen。

05高考核心语法知识点精练5(形容词和副词)-2021届高考英语一轮复习核心语法知识精讲精练(通用版

高考核心语法知识点精练5(形容词和副词)1.Love will always be a topic of interest regardless of race, religion or nationality..The city has its pleasures, but Christine wished for the quiet of country life..She is of the effect she has on people..Housework has been regarded as women's work.A. traditionally B .partly C .si ightlyD. formally.When I was young, I was really a child, always hanging out, coming home late and making myparents upset..Parents should keep their children company as much as possible because children feel if theydon't see their parents regularly..Roses are quite flowers in English gardens..There were no tickets for Friday's performance..Either side seems to have a(n)position; there are still many uncertainties on this issue.A.ambiguousB.delicateC.explicitD.confidential 1().In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are..Though scientists get closer to understanding why we age, the reason for different aging rates among individuals remains only understood.11.When challenges and setbacks, he remains , brave and firm.A.faced with... hcsitantB.facing... resoluteC.in face of... indecisiveD.facing with... determined12.With much work that remains to be completed, the manager found their project.A.more than satisfyingB.not at all satisfiedC.far from satisfactoryD.wilh more satisfaction than not13.Although the boss appears to wear a smile most of the time, his smile is by no means sincere or genuine, instead, it could be somewhat and hostile at times..So that the boat almost.A.tough the sea became... turned downB.rough did the sea become... turned overC.rough the sea became... turned overD.tough did the sea become... turned down16. Young readers often find the novels of Dickensthan Thackeray's.A.far more cxcitingB.cvcn much excitingC.so more excitingD.a lot much exciting17.Visitors who have booked tickets online can show their ID cards or other documents to enterthe museum. .Chinese tech giant Huawei launched its new operating system called Harmony, creating an app ecosystem to Google's Android18.History is the best teacher. It records the development path of each country and foretells thefuture to us. . We have to get the economy under control or it will eat us up.hit's a(n)choice between taking the job and staying out of work.Better not waste more time on it!.The present system no longer meets the changing needs of our customers; we have to make a(n)management system..Nowadays, basic health care services are to almost all the Chinese people, contributing to a risein average life expectancy..Jack is late again. It is of him to keep others waiting.A.normalB.ordinaryC.typicalD mon.The Jiangsu TV station is very popular with many people in China, as it deals with subjectssuch as music, entertainment and fashion..There are flowers and trees shown in the park and people go to have a look.A.plenty of; muchB.various; manyC.varieties of; various ofD.quite a few; quite a little22.Although he did not do it, he definitely had some responsibility.23.The professor could tell by thelook in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture. .Mary is very towards her colleagues in the company, so they are willing to cooperate with her..My telephone is out of order. Can you tell me the news about the C0V1D-19 pandemic?答案与解析：l.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

核心语法知识夯基04 代词(精讲精练)(解析版)

代词（讲义）代词分类人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。

人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。

—Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.—Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.①句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。

The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。

(me是宾格，故用her替代)①作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。

I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.①在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。

如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him，too.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一(人称)。

宾格me也一样。

You，she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.物主代词(1)注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。

英语一轮复习核心语法知识精讲精练(通用版)

2．强调句型与“It is/has been＋时间＋since从句”。 It is/has been ...since...表示“自从……以来已有……( 时间)”。注意以下两种句型的时态一般不同，句意也不同。 It was two years ago that I began to learn English. 我是两年前开始学英语的。 It is two years since I began to learn English. 自从我开始学英语以来已有两年时间了。
(3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时, 强调句结构须用: It is. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的谓语动词是过去时态, 则强调句结构须用It was. . . that/who. . . 。 (4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。 *It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed.
倒装条件
倒装方法
so/neither/nor置于句首, 意为“也”或“也不”表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时
so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
as引导让步状语从句时, 意为“尽管”, 把句中状语、表语或动词提前; 若表语是名词, 其前不用冠词
+as+主谓结构 +主句
特殊句式倒装与强调
倒装句类型1: 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)
倒装条件
倒装方法
以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副词开头, 谓语动词多为 be, come, go等, 主语是名词

高中语法的精讲精练

高中语法的精讲精练一、名词名词是指用来表示人、事物、动物、地点等具体或抽象事物的词语。

它可以是单数形式（表示一个）或复数形式（表示多个）。

名词还可以有所有格形式，表示某物属于某人或某物。

1. 单数名词单数名词作为主语时，要和动词保持一致。

例如：The cat eats fish. (猫吃鱼)2. 复数名词复数名词作为主语时，动词要加-s或-es。

例如：The cats play in the garden. (猫们在花园里玩耍)3. 所有格名词所有格名词用来表示某物属于某人或某物。

一般来说，在名词后加上's来表示所有格。

例如：This is Mary's book. (这是玛丽的书)二、形容词形容词是用来描述名词的词语，用于修饰并且增强名词的意义。

形容词通常放在名词的前面。

1. 形容词的比较级形容词的比较级用于比较两个事物之间的差异。

一般在形容词后加-er来表示比较级。

例如：This book is cheaper than that one. (这本书比那本书便宜)2. 形容词的最高级形容词的最高级用于比较三个或三个以上事物之间的差异。

一般在形容词前加the最高级前缀或在形容词后加-est来表示最高级。

例如：She is the tallest girl in the class. (她是班级里最高的女孩)三、动词动词是描述动作或状态的词语，它在句子中可以作为谓语动词或者辅助动词。

动词可以根据时态和语态的不同形式来表达不同的意义。

1. 一般现在时一般现在时用于描述经常性的、普遍的或者表达事实的动作或状态。

一般现在时的肯定句结构为主语+动词原形。

例如：She reads books every day. (她每天都读书)2. 一般过去时一般过去时用于描述过去发生的动作或状态。

一般过去时的肯定句结构为主语+动词过去式。

例如：They played football yesterday. (他们昨天踢足球)3. 一般将来时一般将来时用于描述将来某个时间点会发生的动作或状态。

英语语法精讲精练

第一部分：词法名词（n.）名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是指某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，注意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。

常见的专有名词有：国家名称——China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France…；语言——Chinese, Japanese, English, French…；人名/地名—— Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai…由普通名词构成的专有名词——the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the People’s Hospital……。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。

普通名词又可分为下面四类：（1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen, student, desk, book, bike。

（2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, class, people, school。

（3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water, paper。

（4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time, news。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。

归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示:类别用法例词普通名词,可数名词,个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体 Pen, student, desk 集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体 School, family, class 不可数名词,物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物 Tea, water, paper 抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Work, time, news 专有名词某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称Marx, Shanghai,The Great Wall词，意思上有一定变化：glass玻璃－a glass玻璃杯 iron铁－an iron熨斗copper铜－a copper铜币 tin锡－a tin洋铁罐paper纸－a paper报纸，证件 wood木头－a wood树林又如一些抽象名词，当意思转变而表示某类个体时，就成了个体名词：youth青春－a youth青年人 relation关系－a relation亲属democracy民主－a democracy民主国家 authority权威－an authority权威人士power威力，电力－a power大国 necessity必要性－a necessity必需品beauty美－a beauty每人，美的东西名词的格格是名词的语法范畴之一。

语法精讲精练

语法精讲精练一般将来时精讲精练一、概念：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常性的动作或状态。

二、时间状语：tomorrow[明天]，the day after tomorrow[后天] next year/month/ week[明年/下月/下周]，this year /sunday[今年/这个星期天] from no w on[从现在开始]；in the future[将来]等。

三、结构：“助动词will或shall＋动词原形”一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）动词原形构成。

美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。

will 常简略为'll，并与主语连写在一起，如：I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，t hey'll。

四、基本用法1、表示将要发生的动作。

Perhaps I shall (will) pay a visit to France this winter.我可能在今年冬天到法国观光。

We shan't (won’t) be free tomorrow.我们明天没空。

Will you be at home at seven this evening?今晚七点你会在家吗？The agreement will come into force next spring.协议将在明年春天生效。

常用于此类情况的时间状语有：tomorrow明天，next year明年，from now on从现在起，in a month一个月之后，in the future将来，today今天，this evening今天晚上，this week这个星期，this month 这个月，this year今年，等。

2、表示未来习惯性的动作：Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。

04 状语从句-中考英语总复习重点语法精讲精练(全国通用)

状语从句一、时间状语从句要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：When，while，as，after，before，as soon as，since，till /until，by the time在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。

一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时(主将从现）。

1. whenMozart started writing music when he was four years old.2. whileHe visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3. asHe smiled as he stood up.as/when/while的辨析as、when、while都表示主、从句动作同时发生（均为当......的时候的意思），三者差异如下：① as 表示“一边, 一边＂的意思,强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比① when 1. 还可以表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作＂之前＂或＂之后＂发生。

2. when＝and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)① while 1. 用于时间较长时（while 后常跟进行时）2. 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。

When I had read the article, he called me.When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as father was away.4. afterHe left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5. beforeMr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6. as soon asWe began to work as soon as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你写信。

高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练高中英语语法精讲精练(一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2)(二) 定语从句 (7)(三) 分词与动名词 (12)(四) 动词不定式 (17)(五) 情态动词 (22)(六) 虚拟语气 (27)(八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (32)(九)冠词、名词 (37)(十)代词、形容词和副词 (41)答案 (46)(一) 倒装句与强调结构1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given upB. Had he given upC. Did he give upD. If he gave up2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake.A. he then realizedB. did he realizeC. beforeD. he realized3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen.A. he foundB. did he findC. he had foundD. had he found4. Hardly ______ when it started raining.A. the game had begunB. the game beganC. did the game beginD. had the game begun5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China.A. you will findB. can you be able to findC. you may have foundD. can you find6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken.A. It was untilB. It was not until thenC. Not until thenD. Not until7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it.A. did he makeB. he madeC. had he madeD. he had made8. --- What happened to his new car?--- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.A. had he boughtB. did he boughtC. he boughtD. he had bought9. _______ from the top of the building when the policeman shot at him.A. Jumped down the murdererB. Down the murderer jumpedC. The murderer jumped downD. Down jumped the murderer10. _______ lies Japan.A. To the east of ChinaB. East of ChinaC. On the east of ChinaD. In the east of China11. ______ that we all went out, lying in the sun.A. The weather so fine wasB. So fine was the weatherC. So the weather was fineD. So was the fine weather12. ______ are the days when women were looked down upon.A. GoneB. GoC. To goD. Going13. Your brother promised to help me and ____________ the next day.A. neither he did and neither did youB. so he did and so did youC. neither did he and neither you didD. so did he and so did you14. _______ , he knew a lot of things.A. A child as he wasB. Child as he wasC. A child was heD. As child was he15. _______ as soon as the bell rang.A. Out the children rushedB. Out did the children rushC. Rushed out the childrenD. Out rushed the children16. _______ for your help, we would be in a very difficult position.A. If it didn’tB. Was it notC. Were it notD. Were not it17. --- Do you know Jim quarreled with his wife? --- I don’t know, _________.A. nor don’t I careB. nor do I careC. I d on’t care too.D. I don’t care also18. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ______ so happy.A. did I feelB. I feltC. I had feltD. have I felt19. _______ can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard workB. Although work hardC. Only with hard workD. Now that he worked hard20. Jack is a clever a student and he studies hard at English, ________.A. It was the same with MikeB. So it is with MikeC. So is MikeD. So does Mike21. In such a hurry _______ his office that he forgot to lock the door.A. did he leaveB. he leftC. he had leftD. has he left22. Now __________. A. comes your turn B. your turn comesC. does your turn comeD. your turn coming23. Often ______ them not to smoke here.A. we advisedB. advised weC. did we adviseD. had we advised24. _______ going to join the army.A. Not only are you but also I amB. Not only you but also I amC. Not only you but also I areD. Both you and I am25. Little ______ that the police are about to arrest him.A. he is knownB. did he knowC. does he knowD. is he known26. Was it ______ the professor regarded as the brightest ones?A. them whichB. them whoC. he whoD. that that27. Was it because it snowed last night ______ you didn’t come?A. whenB. thatC. soD. what28. Why was it ______ he wanted the book he gave you?A. whatB. thatC. whyD. how29. It was _______ she was about to leave for work _____ the telephone rang.A. when, thatB. so, thatC. before, thenD. when, before30. It was ______ he said _____ disappointed me.A. what, thatB. that , thatC. what, whatD. that, what31. It was in the lab_____ was taken charge of by professor Black _____ they did the experiment.A. that, whereB. which, thatC. whom, thatD. which, where32. It was at the school _______ was named after a hero_____ he spent his childhood.A. which, thatB. where , whereC. that, whereD. which, where33. What color is it _______ you have painted your house?A. whatB. whereC. whichD. that34. I’ve already for gotten _____ you put the dic tionary.A. that it was whereB. where it was thatC. where was it thatD. that was it that35. It was _______ that I found my books.A. where I had left themB. whereverC. in the place that I had left themD. in the place36. It was in the village ______ now is a big city _______ the earthquake occurred.A. where , whichB. which, whereC. which, thatD. that, where37. It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.B. our being lateC. we were too lateD. because we were late(二) 定语从句1.The reason, ______ he gave us, is unbelievable.A. thatB. whichC. whyD. as2. The way they talked ________ the problem seemed impossible.A. about settlingB. to settleC. of settlingD. about to settle3. Delia’s going to join us, ______ was agreed the day before yesterday.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. it4. Is there a restaurant around _____ I can have something to eat?A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where5. The school _______ I studied ten years ago is ______ we visited yesterday.B. that , whichC. where, the oneD. which, that6. Edison made a lot of inventions, ______ of great importance.A. which I think areB. which I think they areC. which I think theyD. I think which are7. It might be I , who______ caused the accident, who_____ to answer for it.A. has, areB. have, areC. have, isD. have, am8. Last week our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _____ none of us worked out. A. that B. which C. as D. so that9. I’ll talk about a newly-opened market_____ you may get all _____ you need.A. in which, whichB. where, thatC. where, whatD. which, that10. Chinese is written in characters, ______ seems rather difficult to many westerners.A. thatB. ifC. whichD. what11. The Greens will move into the new house next Monday, ______ it will be completely finished.A. by the timeB. by which timeC. by that timeD. by this time12. ______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. In13. We had to delay the party till next week, _____ we would have nothing important to do.A. whenB. whichC. at whichD. in that14. We traveled together as far as Chicago, _____ we said goodbye to each other.A. whichB. when C .why D. where15. I’ll never forget the years______ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has a great effect on my life.A. that, whichB. when, whichC. which, thatD. when, who16. She may have missed her train, in _____ case she won’t arrive in another hour.B. thatC. whichD. this17. I’ll remember the time ______ we spent together in the country.A. thatB. whenC. during whichD. at which18. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building ______ stands near the post office?A. /B. in whichC. thatD. where19. Alice has a large collection of photos, ______ were taken in London.A. none of themB. no one of whichC. all of whichD. neither of which20. Next winter______ you’ll in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday.A. whichB. whenC. in whichD. where21. With the fast development of agriculture , the people _____ village I taught before have a happy life.B. whoseC. in whoseD. in which22. There is a mountain _______ the top is always covered with snow.A. whoseB. of whichC. it’sD. that23. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place______ you may spend your weekend.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where24. He has had the same life ______ his father lived.A. whereB. asC. thatD. when25. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that faraway village .A. thatB. untilC. whenD. where26. Can you see a man and his horse______ are crossing the bridge?A. whichC. thatD. they27. He has strange ways _____ he can make his classes lively and interesting.A. in whichB. whichC. in thatD. as28. The house ______ windows face the south, was used as a prison some years ago.A. thatB. whichC. who’sD. whose29. I will tell you ______ he told me lat week.A. all whichB. all whatC. that allD. all30. Is this factory ________ you visited last years.A. that B .where C. the one D. one31. Which of the two sheep ______ you keep produces more milk?A. thatB. whichC. whatD. they32. Who is the person ________ is standing there?A. whoC. thatD. whom33. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______ , of course, made the others unhappy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what34. _______ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B .As C. That D. What35. In the dark street there wasn’t a single person ______ she cou ld turn for help.A. that B .who C. from which D. to whom36. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. where C .that D .when37. The young film star receives hundreds of letters a day, __ her parents both pleasure and worry.A. which bringsB. that bringC. which bringD. that have brought38. There were two small rooms in the house, ______ served as a kitchenA. the smaller of whichB. the small of whichC. the smaller of themD. the smaller one39. He lives in a flat, _____ he can see _____ is happening in the street.A there , what B. from the window of which, whichB where, something D. from whose window , all that40. Children under sixteen are not permitted to see such films ______ bad for their mental development.A. asB. that areC. as areD. as they are(三) 分词与动名词1.Most of the experts _______ to the party were from Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited2. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given3. ______ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received4.--- I usually go there by train. --- Why not _____ by ship fora change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going5. “ Can’t you read?” Mary said ______ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing6. We are certain that everything will go well as ________.A. to be plannedB. plannedC. being plannedD. having been planned7. The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to9. She didn’t feel like ______ so he suggested ______ the day in the garden.A. working, spendingB. to work, to spendC. working, to spendD. to work, spending10. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written11.--- Must I apologize for _____ ahead of time. --- That’s all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you know12. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added13. _____ , I attend the meeting instead of him last Monday.A. He was illB. His being illC. Him being illD. He being ill14. ______ the meeting-room, he found all the parents already _______ there.A. To enter, sittingB. Stepping into, to seatC. Entering seatedD. Entering, seated15. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lost16. While _____, I heard somebody _____ at the door.A. read; knockB. reading; knockingC. read; knockedD. to read ; knocking17. I didn’t know why they came to the party without______.A. inviteB. invitingC. being invitedD. to be invited18. ______, teachers love the students who work hard.A. General spokenB. Honest speakingC. Generally speakingD. To speak generally19. There was a ______ expression on his face at the _____ news.A. puzzling; puzzlingB. puzzled; puzzledC. puzzled; puzzlingD. puzzling; puzzled20. China belongs to a _______ country. We should introduce ______ science and technology from the foreign countries.A. developing; advancedB. developed; advancedC. developing; advancingD. developed; advancing21. When you speak English, the most important thing is _____ yourself ______.A. to make; to understandB. making; understandingC. to make; understoodD. to be made, understood22. We walked as fast as we could _____ to catch the 9: 30 train.A. hopingB. hopedC. to hopeD. being hoped23. Look , the flowers need _______.A. being wateredB. wateringC. wateredD. having watered24. _____ to some one, a British person often shakes hands with the stranger.A. IntroducingB. To introduceC. To be introducedD. On being introduced25. Peter can’t attend the party_____ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing for the speech at the party ______ at Mary’s house tomorrow.A. being held ; to be heldB. to be held; heldC. held; being heldD. to be held; to be held26. With the police _____ the way, we had no difficulty in finding the house.A. leadingB. to leadC. to be leadingD. led27. The question ____ at yesterday’s meeting hasn’t been made _____ yet.A. discussing; knownB. discussed, knownC. being discussed; knowD. to be discussed, know28. ______, it wasn’t a bad holiday.A. Considering everythingB. Considering anythingC. Considered everythingD. Considered anything29. Do you mind_____ alone at home?A. Jane leavingB. Jane having leftC. Jane’s being leftD. Jane to be left30. ---Car 17 won the race.--- Yes, but its driver came close to ________.A. having been killedB. have been killedC. be killedD. being killed31. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.having not been invited B. not having invitedhaving not invited D. not having been invited32. ______ in 1836, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding33. A middle-aged woman came ______ to the bus stop only ____ the bus had gone.A. to run, findingB. running, to findC. and ran, foundD. running, finding34. --- What is wrong? --- I want to know why you didn’t do as______.A. to be toldB. tellingC. toldD. told to35. The policeman, _______ to read a newspaper, glanced at the man _____ next to a woman.A. pretending, seatB. pretending, seatedC. pretended, seatingD. pretended, seated36. I remember _____ to their party, but I ______ the invitation in the office.A. being invited, have leftB. inviting, was leavingC. to be invited, have forgottenD. to invite, forget37. --- Shall we go swimming? --- OK, I’ll go and get _____.A. to changeB. changingC. changedD. it changed38.I forbid _____ here. Who has permitted you ______ here?A. smoke, smokeB. smoking, to smokeC. smoking, smokingD. to smoke, smoking(四) 动词不定式1.---Both of us have cars, whom would you rather______, John or me?A. have goB. have to goC. to goD. going2. I would love _____ to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone3. When I returned, mother happened_____.A. to be cookingB. cookingC. to be cookedD. having cooked4. --- I usually go there by train. --- Why not _____ by ship fora change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going5. Charies Babbage is generally considered ______ the firstcomputer.A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having invented6. Rather than _____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____a bicycle.A. ride; rideB. riding ; rideC. ride; to rideD. to ride ; riding7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ______ . He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning8. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have met9. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating10. The poor man with his two children ______ in the street corner.A. was seen begB. were seen beggingC. was seen beggingD. were seen beg11. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying12.Mary was reading a novel, when Tom came in, she stopped _____ if she should do something for him.A. askB. to askC. askingD. asked13. We can do anything we can ____ you catch up with the others.A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped14. I have no choice but _______ your advice.A. acceptB. to acceptC. acceptingD. accepted15. The water is not fit _______.A. to drinkB. to be drunkC. drunkD. drinking16. I haven’t got a seat _______.A. to sitB. to sit onC. for sittingD. for sitting on17. --- Where is George? He said he would meet me here at three o’clock.--- He seems _____ with Mr. Brown in the office.A. to talkB. to be talkingC. to have talkedD. talking18. --- Did you get a job? --- No, I ______, but it’s no use.A. expectedB. tried toC. managedD. planned19. To know what is good and _____ are two different things.A. knowing what is wrongB. do what is rightC. to do what is rightD. doing what is right20. --- Why has Jack not come yet now? Anything wrong with him?--- He didn’t pass the test but he still _____.A. hopes soB. hopes thatC. hopes toD. hopes it21. The houses ______ are for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. builtB. to be builtC. to builtD. being built22. Thirteen people were reported ______ in the coal mine accident.A. to have been killedB. having been killedC. having killedD. to be killed23. His speech is well known and it is said ______ into several languages.A. to translateB. to be translatedC. to have translatedD. to have been translated24. Our professor has just come back form abroad. He seems ______ his trip very much.A. to enjoyB. to have enjoyedC. to be enjoyingD. to have been enjoying25. Little Tom should love _____ to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking26. There isn’t any difference between the two. I reallydon’t know ______.A. what to chooseB. which to chooseC. to choose whatD. to choose which27. We must do whatever we can ______ those who are in trouble.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. do help28. The question ______ next week has something to do with our daily life.A. to be discussedB. to be discussingC. discussedD. being discussed29. It is careless _____ the same mistake in your composition.A. for you to makeB. for you makingC. of you to makeD. of you making30. --- Why did you come to the concert to hear the pop singer you didn’t like?。

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