初中英语阅读能力培养校本课程

初中英语阅读能力培养校本课程昌乐外国语学校九年级一部葛文清高蕾第一章、初中英语阅读——文体【你知道吗？】英语阅读有不同的文体，而一篇文章的设题是受其文体限制的。

所以，首先应该从文体角度来训练。

初中阅读理解常用的体裁有：（一）故事类。

初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。

阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。

特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。

因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。

而阅读材料后的阅读理解往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。

凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。

在阅读故事类短文时，应指导学生理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。

在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题．（二）科普类。

科普类的阅读理解包含介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。

阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等．如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。

（三）图表类。

图表类短文是通过看图或表格等来了解某方面的情况。

指导学生阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手；一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲本论文图画语言或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。

（四）新闻类。

报刊阅读应逐步成为中学生阅读的一个重要内容。

由于新闻报道强调遵循 5 个 W 和 1 个 H的原则，学生在阅读时也要抓住这一点去理解。

【答题技巧】1．记叙文—抓住人物，地点，时间，情节发展线索。

2.说明文—要以事物为中心进行思考。

抓住事物的特征，用途，相互关系等。

【练一练】In the early 1990s,the word“Internet” was strange to most people. But today, Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world. Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind （人类）Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster. We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute.Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet. We can use search engines to find the information we need. Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at.We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games, visiting chat rooms or surfing （浏览）websites. There are some games for free .We can meet new and interesting people in the chat now. We can also listen to music and see films.Now，there is a lot of service on the Internet such as online banking ,job finding and ticket buying. We can also do shopping and find nearly all kinds of goods. Sometimes we can find something that is quite good but very cheap.1. How many main advantages of the Internet are talked about in the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.2. What fac t doesn’t the passage provide? 21世纪教育网A. We can find almost anything we want to know on the Internet.B. Some games on the Internet are free.C. We can buy most things we need on the Internet.D. Goods on the Internet are more expensive than those in real shops.3. Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?A. Online ShoppingB. Exchanging Information on the InternetC. The Advantages of the InternetD. Surfing the Websites on the Internet答案: BDC【讨论交流】以上阅读理解材料是什么题材？如何做这种类型的题目？【小组评价】你的表现怎么样？你明白了吗?第二章、初中英语阅读——教学大纲对阅读理解的要求【你知道吗？】初中英语教学大纲对学生阅读上的基本要求：1.能阅读难度相当于课文的材料，理解其大意。

2.能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%。

3.阅读速度要求每分钟50-70词。

【答题技巧】1.快速浏览全文，掌握大意。

2．仔细审题，分析比较选项。

3．带着问题复读，捕捉关键信息，解答问题。

4．再读全文，核对答案。

【练一练】People often say that the Englishman’s home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal to him. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual（个体的）;they can paint them, and change them in any way they like. Most houses have a garden, even if it is a very small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private（私人的）space of the individual. People usually like to mark their space. Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as your? If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you. If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.Once I was travelling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us .The man on the space on my side of the table at all. I was angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about non-verbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped(瞪出)out of his head. I had invaded(侵犯)his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!If you are visiting another country you may feel that you don’t have any private space. Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world. All day long , you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and “outside” .Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don’t know about .And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more! This is one of the difficulties of being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you .Haven’t you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning” a bit of space?1.The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because______.A. he had no place to sit.B. someone had invaded his “space”C. too many people shared a section with himD. some other people talked about things he didn’t know about2. “… you feel lonely and ‘outside’” in paragraph 4 means that_______.A. you are alone outside the houseB. you feel lonely because you travel on your ownC. you are alone and therefore you go outside to have some funD. you feel lonely and you don’t belong to that place or that group of people3.In Paragraph 4 ,the pronoun “them” refers to（所指）“___________”.A. public spacesB. private spacesC. local peopleD. other countries4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. British people dislike marking their space.B. You always feel at home in another country.C. Most British people prefer living in houses to flats.D. You can’t mark your private space in a foreign country.5. The main purpose of the passage is to tell readers to _______.A. own private spaces by living in housesB. have one corner of their own in public placesC. realize the importance of “space” in communicationD. create their private spaces by talking with local people答案:BDCCC【讨论交流】做以上题目你要注意什么？【小组评价】你学到了什么？第三章、初中英语阅读——题型【你知道吗？】从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。