opposite adjective concentration

合集下载

语言学的名词解释

When I was preparing the postgraduate entrance examination of NNU(Nanjing Normal University),some of these following concepts had been tested,but there's no specific or clear explanation in the textbook required by the university.As in preparing the second-round examination I read them in other relevant books, I wrote down here for your reference.Hope they are useful to some of you.1. Acculturation(同化过程）is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group.2. Adjacency pair（相邻语对）;a sequence of two utterances by different speakers in conversation. The second is a response to the first, such as question/answer sequences and greeting/greeting exchange.3. affix: a bound morpheme that is attached to a stem and modifies its meaning in some way.4. agreement (concord)（一致）: a grammatical phenomenon in which the form of one word in a sentence is determined by the form of another word which is grammatically linked to it. E.g. in the sentence The boy goes to school every day.There is an agreement in number between boy and goes.5.articulators（发音器官): the tongue,lips,and velum, which change the shape of the vocal tract to produce different speech sounds.6.aspect(体）: the grammatical category representing distinction in the temporal structure of an event. English has two aspect construction---the perfect and the progressive.(完成体和进行体)7.aspiration(吐气）; the puff of air that sometimes follows the pronounciation of a stop consonant.E.g. /p/ in the word pit.8.consonant（辅音）; a speech sound produced by partial or complete closure of part of the vocal tract, thus obstructing the airflow and creating audible friction. Consonants are described in terms of voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation.9. converstional implicature（会话含义）:meanings that are explicable in the light of converational maxims.municative competence（交际能力）; the ability to use language appropriately in social situations.11. constituent（成分）: a syntactic unit that functions as part of a large unit within a sentence; typical constituent types are verb phrase, noun phrase, prepositional phrase and clause.12.case(格)：the grammatical category in inflectional languages by which the form of a noun or noun phrase varies for grammatical or semantic reasons. English has only one case distinction in nouns—the genitive case(所有格), but English pronouns have three forms that correspond to three of the six cases in Latin.13.clause（小句）: a grammatical unit that contains a subject and a predicate. It may be a sentence or part of a sentence.14.closed class（封闭词类）: a group of words whose membership is small and does not readily accept new members.15.coinage（创新词）: the construction and addition of new words.16.distribution(分布）: the set of positions in which a given linguistic element or form can appear in a language.17.duality（双重结构）: a type of double-layer structure in which a small number of meaningless units are combined to produce a large number of meaningful units.18.entailment（包含）; the relationship between two sentences where the truth of one(the second)is inferred from the truth of the other.19.euphemism（委婉语）: a word or phrase that replaces a taboo word or is used to avoid reference to certain acts or subjects,e.g. powder room for toilet.20.garden path sentence（花园小径句）: a sentence in which the comprehender assumes a particular meaning of a word or a phrase but later discovers that the assumption was incorrect, forcing the comprehender to backtrack and reinterpret the sentence21.free variation;(自由变异) a relation between two speech sounds such that either one can occur in a certain position and the substitution of one for the other never makes any difference in the meaning of the word. For instance, the unexploded(失去爆破) stop /d/ in the phrase Good morning is in free varitation with the exploded(爆破)counterpart.22.inflection（屈折变化）: the morphological process by which affixes combine with words or stems to indicate such grammatical categories as tense or plurity.ernment（支配）: the grammatical phonomenon in which the presence of a particular word in a sentence requires a second word which is grammatical linked with it to appear in a particular form. E.g. a preposition or a verb requires that the pronoun following it be in the objective form,as in with me,to him.nguage universal(语言共性): any property that is shared by most,if not all, human lanugages.25.lingua franca: ( 通用语) A language variety used for communication among groups of people wo do not otherwise share a common language. For example, English is the lingua franca of the international scientific community.26.macrosociolinguistics; The study of the effect of language on society.27.microsociolinguistics: The study of the effect of any and all aspects of society,including cultural norms, expetations and contexts,on the way language is used. It is often simply called sociolinguistics.28.paradigmatic relation: (纵组合关系)The substitutional relation between a set of linguistic items,that is,linguistic forms(letters,words and phrases)can be substituted for each other in the same position in a word or sentence. E.g, b,p,s,f are in paradigmatic relation in the words bit,pit,sit,fit, so are Nature,Beauty, Love, Honesty in the sentences:Nature purifies the mind.Beauty purifies the mind.Love purifies the mind.Honesty purifies the mind.29.syntagmatic relation: (横组合关系) The relation between any linguistic elements which are simultaneously present in a structure. E.g. in the word bit, b, i,t are in syntagmatic relation, so are nature, purifies, the, mind, in the sentence Nature purifies the mind.30.presupposition（预设）: implicit assumptions about the world acquired to make an utterance meaningful or appropriate,e,g, “ some tea has already been taken”is a presuppostion of “Take some more tea”.31.prototype(典型): What members of a particular community think of as the best example of a lexical category,e.g.for some English speakers “cabbage”(rather than,say,carrot)might be the prototypical vegetable.32.root(词根): the morpheme that remains when all affixes are stripped from a complex word. E.g. system from un- + system + atic + ally.33.stem（词干）: the base to which one or more affixes are attached to create a more complex form that may be another stem or a word.34.taboo（禁忌语）:words that are offensive or embarrassing, c onsidered inappropriate for “polite society”, thus to be avoided in conversation.35.selectional restriction(选择限制): a restriction on the combining of words in a sentence resulting from their meaning.36.linguistic universal:(语言共性) The linguistic universals are principles that enable children to acquire a particular language unconsciously, without instruction in the early years of life. As a whole they are referred to as Universal Grammar.37.contrastive distribution(对比分布)：If the speech sounds occur in the same phonetic context and the substitution results a contrast in meaning, we say they are in contrastive distribution.38.immidiate constituent analysis（直接成分分析法）is the technique of breaking up sentences into word groups by making successive binary cuttings until the level of single words is reached.39.endocentric construction: (向心结构或内心结构)One construction whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents. The typical English endocentric constructions are noun phrases and adjective phrases.40.exocentric construction(离心结构或外心结构)the opposite of endocentric construction,refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the whole group. Most constructions are exocentric.41.politeness can be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another person’s public self-image.42.PP(politeness principle)tact maxim;generosity principle;approbation maxim;modesty maxim;agreement maxim;sympathy maxim.43.irony(反语)is the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning of the utterance.44.code-switching: (语码转换) means the alternation between two or more languages,language varieties or registers in communication.45.affective filter(情感过滤)：A screen of emotion that can block language acquisition or learning if it keeps the learners being too self-conscious or too embarrassed to take risks during communicative exchanges.46.Conversion（转类构词）is a change in the grammatical function of a word without adding or removing any part of it. A word belonging to one part of speech is extended to another part of speech. It is also called functional shift or zero derivation.47.lexical meaning VS grammatical meaning(词汇意义与语法意义)The meaning of a sentence is carried by the words proper as well as by the patterns of word order that is part of the grammatical system of a language. The part of the sentence meaning contributed by words is called the lexical meaning and the part of sentence meaning that depends upon the way the words are put together is called grammatical meaning, in which the function words and the word order play a very important role.48.paralinguistic meaning VS non-linguistic meaning (副语言意义与非语言意义)In human communication, apart from the linguistic meaning conveyed by language itself,there are numerous paralinguistic meanings and non-linguistic meanings that are perceived simultaneously by the hearer. Paralinguistic meanings are those attached to the verbal expressions by quality of voice,tempo of speech,posture,facial expression and gestures. Non-linguistic meanings are thoseindicated by non-verbal noises such as cough, sigh, tongue-clicking, various kinds of body languages and different contexts of situation.49.denotation VS connotation (外延与内涵)Denotation is a straightforward, literal meaning of the word every member of the language speaking community will agree on. Connotation is not the basic meaing of the word but some emotive or evaluative meaings associated with the word by individual language users in their mind.50.linguistic relativity VS linguistic determinism (语言相对论与语言决定论)The Sapir-Wholf Hypothesis states that there is a systematic relationship between the grammatical categories of the language a person speaks and how that person both understands the world and behaves in it. It boils down to two principles: linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism.Linguistic relativity states that disctinctions encoded in one language are unique to that langage alone, and that there is no limit to the structural diversity of languages.Linguistic determinism refers to the idea that the language we use determines, to some extent, the way in which we view and think about the world around us. This concept has two versions; strongdeterminism and weak determinism. The strong version, which has few followers today, holds that language actually determines thought, whereas that weak version, which is widely accepted today, merely holds that language affects thought.。

北师大版七年级下册英语unit2知识点语法点(含答案)

知识图谱Unit 2 On the Weekend知识精讲一、必背词汇violin n. 小提琴chore n. 家务活；琐事clean v. 打扫adj. 干净的，洁净的dust v. 擦去……的灰尘 n. 灰尘feed v. 给（人或动物）食物；喂养；饲养sweep v. 扫；清扫floor n. 地板；地面；楼层rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物water v. 给……浇水n. 水busy adj. 忙的,杂乱的vt. 使忙于vi. 忙cup n. 杯子；一杯anything prop. 任何事物；任何东西worry v. 担心；担忧ring v. 响起铃声；给……打电话n. 戒指knock v. 撞；敲n. 敲击；敲门声candle n. 蜡烛wonderful adj. 精彩的；使人愉快的dish n. 碟；盘；餐具；一道菜nose n. 鼻子, 突出部分, 嗅觉v. 嗅communication n. 交流；交际tool n. 工具vt. 驾驶,用工具加工,印压图案于vi. 驾驶, 用工具加工instant adj. 立即的message n. 信息，消息text n. 文本；文章v. 发短信send v. 发送receive v. 接到；收到while n. 一会儿conj. 在……期间slow adj. 慢的adv. 慢慢地vt.& vi. 放慢,减速just adv. 只是；正好；刚才website n. 网站bank n. 银行；河岸museum n. 博物馆police n. 警察部门；警方station n. 站，所，局；火车站；电视台post n. 邮政；职位v. 邮寄；张贴；发布office n. 办公室，职务，事务train n. 火车underground n. 地铁way n. 路线；路；方法excuse v. 原谅n. 借口；理由cross v. 穿越，越过，横过street n. 大街；街道road n. 路，道路，公路corner n. 角；街角miss v. 错过；想念opposite prep. 与……相对adj. 对面的；across prep. 从一边到另一边；横过square n. 广场gym n. 体育馆；健身房二、重点词汇1. busy adjective /ˈbɪzi/If you are busy, you are working hard, or giving your attention to a particular thing.忙碌的；忙于……的；专注的1). Mum was busy in the kitchen.妈妈在厨房里忙活呢。

【高中英语教材知识梳理】选修六 Unit 1

选修六Unit 1ArtⅠ.单词语境记忆1．sculptures displayed in the gallery陈列在画廊的雕塑2．conventional scientists 因循守旧的科学家3．a superb opportunity for swimming 一个极好的游泳的机会4．an absolutely ridiculous decision 一个绝对荒谬的决定5．a controversial issue 一个颇有争议的问题6．a fine figure of a young woman 一个身材苗条的女青年7．to carve out a figure from the marble 用大理石雕刻出一个人像8．visual objects 看得见的物体9．a bunch of fresh flowers 一束鲜花Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆1．abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的→n.摘要2．attempt n．努力；尝试；企图→v t.尝试；企图3．faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→faithfully ad v.忠实地4．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的→typically ad v.典型地→type n．类型；典型v．打字→typist n．打字员5．evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidence n．证据；证明；明显6．adopt v t.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n．收养；采用7．possess v t.拥有；支配→possession n．(尤作复数)所有；财产8．technique n．技术；方法；技能→technical adj.技术的；工艺的9．coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同时发生的10．predict v t.预言；预告；预测→prediction n．预言；预测→predictor n．预言者11．exhibition n．展览；展览会→exhibit v．展览；展出；开展览会12．civilization n．文明；文化；文明社会→civilize v．使文明；使开化；使教化→civilized adj.文明的；有礼貌的Ⅲ.单词趣味串记1．The water of the river is shallow，and the shadows of the trees on the bank are cast on it.河水很浅，河岸上树影投在了水面上。

英语四六级考试译文笔记第19篇

英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）1.尽管媒体上大量的犯罪事件报道会导致公众存在一定程度的多疑，但在今天这个时代，任何想对公众隐瞒信息的尝试最终都很可能会适得其反。

Although the sheer volume of（1.大量的）crime stories in the media can lead to a degree of paranoia among the public, in this day and age（2.在这个时代）any attempts to hide information from the public would likely be counterproductive（3.适得其反）.1- the sheer volume of词典释义：sheerUK[ʃɪər] US[ʃɪr] adjectiveCOMPLETE完全的[before noun]■used to emphasize how very great, important or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except 完全的，彻底的•The suggestion is sheer nonsense.这个建议纯粹是胡言乱语。

•His success was due to sheer willpower/determination.他的成功全靠自己的意志力／决心。

•It was sheer coincidence that we met.我们的相遇纯属巧合。

volumeUK['vɒl.ju:m] US['vɑ:l-] nounAMOUNT数量uncountable■the number or amount of something in general 总数；总量；总额•It's the sheer volume of traffic in the city that is causing the problems.造成这些问题的就是城里的交通流量。

英语词汇学术语表

abbreviation 缩略词, 缩写acronym 首字母拼音词acronymy 首字母拼音法addition 增词adjective compound 复合形容词affective meaning 感情意义affix 词缀affixation 词缀法alien 非同化词alliteration 头韵（法）allomorph 词素（形位）变体ambiguity 歧义amelioration of meaning 词义的升华analogy类推analytic language 分析性语言antithesis 对偶antonym 反义词antonymy 反义关系appreciative term 褒义词archaic word 古词archaism 古词语argot 隐语（黑话）associated transfer 联想转移association 联想associative meaning back-formation 逆生法back clipping 词尾截短back formation 逆生法bilingual 双语的basic word stock 基本词汇blend 拼缀词blending 拼缀法borrowed word 借词bound form 粘着形式bound morpheme 粘着词素（形位）bound root 粘着词根casual style 随便文体catchphrase 时髦语Celtic 凯尔特语（族）central meaning中心意义clipping 截短法cognitive strategies 认知策略coinage 造新词collocability 搭配性collocation 搭配collocative meaning 搭配意义colloquialism 口语词（口语体）complete synonym 完全同义词complex word 复杂词composition 复合法compound 复合词compounding 复合法concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义connotation 内涵connotative meaning 内涵意义constituent 要素，成分content word 实义词context 语境contradictory terms 矛盾反义词contrary terms 对立反义词conversion 转类法corpus 语料库couplet 成对词de-adjective 由形容词转化的de-adjectival 由形容词转化的degradation of meaning 词义的降格deletion 减词denizen 同化词de-nominal由名词转化denotation 外延意义denotative meaning 外延意义derivation 派生法derivational affix 派生词缀derivative 派生词derived meaning 派生意义derogatory sense 贬义desk dictionary 案头词典de-verbal noun 由动词转化的名词de-verbal suffix 加于动词的后缀diachronic approach 历时角度dialectal word 方言词discipline 学科doublet 成对词emotive colouring 感情色彩elevation of meaning 词义的升华empty word 虚词equivalent 对应词etymology 词源学euphemism 委婉语extension of meaning 词义的扩大extra-linguistic context 非语言语境free form 自由形式free morpheme 自由语素（形位）free root 自由词根front clipping 首部截短front and back clipping 首尾部截短full conversion 完全转换functional shift 功能转换generalization of meaning词义的扩大Germanic日尔曼语（族）的grammatical meaning语法意义gradable adjective等级形容词grammatical context语法语境grammatical feature语法特征graphology书写法; 图解法Hellenic希腊语（族）heterogeneous多质的highly-inflected高度屈折化的homograph同形异义词homonym同形同音异义词homonymy同形同音异义关系homophone同音异义词hyperonym上义（位）词hyponym下义（位）词hyponymy上下义（位）关系idiom习语idiomatic expression习语表达idiomaticity 习化程度Indo-European Language Family 印欧语系Indo-Iranian 印伊语族inflection 屈折变化Inflection affix 屈折词缀intensity of meaning 意义强度initialism 首字母缩略词intermediate member中间成分Italic 意大利语（族）juxtaposition of antonyms反义词并置lexical context 词汇语境lexical item 词汇项目lexicography 词典学lexicology 词汇学lexis 词汇linguistic context 语言语境literary 书面的loan word 借词lexical meaning 词汇意义marked term 有标记项metaphor 暗喻metonymy 换喻morph 形素monomorphemic 单语素的monosemic 单义的morpheme 词素（形位）morphological structure 形态结构morphology 形态学motivation 理据motivated 有理据的native word 本族语词neoclassical 新古典词的neologism 新词语notional word 实义词objective meaning 客观意义obsolete 废弃词onomatopoeic motivation 拟声理据orthographic feature 拼写特征partial conversion 部分转化pejoration 贬义化perfect homonym 同形同音异义词phonetic feature 语音特征phonological 音位学的phonology 音位学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase clipping 短语截短pocket dictionary 袖珍词典polysemic 多义的polysemous 多义的polysemant 多义词polysemantic 多义的polysemy多义关系pormanteau word 混成词position-shifting 移位prefix 前缀prefixation 前缀法primary meaning 原始意义productivity 多产性pun 双关语radiation 辐射range of meaning 词义范围reduplication 重叠referent 所指物reference 所指关系referential meaning 所指意义regional variety 地域变体register 语域relational opposite 关系对立词relative terms 关系反义词relative synonym 相对同义词reversative prefix 逆反前缀root 词根root word 根词secondary meaning 次要意义semantic contrast 语义对立semantic feature 语义特征semantic field 语义场semantic loan 借义词semantic motivation 语义理据semantics 语义学semantic unity 语义的整体性sense relation 语义关系sentence idiom句式习语shades of meaning 语义色彩shortening缩略法simple word 简单词slang 俚语specialization of meaning 词义的缩小specialized dictionary 专用词典stem 词干structural stability 结构的稳定性subjective meaning 主观意思subordinate 下义（位）词suffix 后缀suffixation 后缀法superordinate 上义（位）词symbolic connection 象征性联系synchronic approach 共时角度synonym 同义词synonymy 同义关系synthetic language 综合性语言technical term 术语transfer of meaning 词义的转移transfer 转移translation loan 译借词triplet 三词词组unabridged dictionary 非节略（大型）词典unmarked term 无标记项variation 变体verbal context 语言语境vocal chords 声带word-class 词类word-building 构词法word-formation 构词法words from proper names 由专用名词转化而来的词。

英语专业四级词汇-8000-9000[1]

absorb vt.吸收；使专心abstract a.抽象的n.摘要的abundant a.丰富的；大量的academic a.学院的；学术的accelerate vt.(使)加快；促进accidental a.偶然的；非本质的accent n.口音，腔调；重音access n.接近；通道，入口acceptance n.接受，验收；承认accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随accomplish vt.达到(目的)；完成accordance n.一致；和谐；授予accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着account n.记述；解释；帐目accumulate vt.积累vi.堆积accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度accurate a.准确的，正确无误的accuse vt.指责；归咎于accustomed a.惯常的；习惯的ache vi.痛；想念n.疼痛achieve vt.完成，实现；达到achievement n.完成；成就，成绩acid n.酸；酸的，酸性的acquaintance n.认识；了解；熟人acquire vt.取得；获得；学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩) actual a.实际的；现行的actually ad.实际上；竟然adapt vt.使适应；改编address n.地址；演说；谈吐adequate a.足够的；可以胜任的adjective n.形容词 a.形容词的adjust vt.调整，调节；校正administration n.管理；管理部门admire vt.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admission n.允许进入；承认admit vt.承认；准许…进入adopt vt.收养；采用；采取adult n.成年人 a.成年的advance vi.前进；提高n.进展advanced a.先进的；高级的advantage n.优点，优势；好处adventure n.冒险；惊险活动adverb n.副词advertisement n.广告；公告；登广告advisable n.明智的；可取的advise vt.劝告；建议；通知aero plane n.飞机affair n.事情，事件；事务affect vt.影响；感动affection n.慈爱，爱；爱慕afford vt.担负得起…；提供afterward ad.后来，以后aggressive a.侵略的；好斗的agreement n.协定，协议；同意alcohol n.酒精，乙醇alloy n.合金；(金属的)成色alphabet n.字母表，字母系统alternative n.替换物；取舍，抉择altitude n.高，高度；高处altogether ad.完全；总而言之aluminum n.铝ambulance n.救护车；野战医院amuse vt.逗…乐；给…娱乐ancestor n.祖宗，祖先anchor n.锚vi.抛锚，停泊ancient a.古代的，古老的angle n.角，角度ankle n.踝，踝节部announce vt.宣布，宣告，发表annoy vt.使恼怒；打搅ant n.蚂蚁anticipate vt.预料，预期，期望apartment n.一套公寓房间apparatus n.器械，仪器；器官apparent a.表面上的；明显的appeal vi.&n.呼吁；申述appear vi.出现；来到；似乎appearance n.出现，来到；外观appetite n.食欲，胃口；欲望appliance n.用具，器具，器械applicable a.能应用的；适当的application n.请求，申请；施用apply vt.应用，实施，使用appoint vt.任命，委任；约定appointment n.任命；约定，约会appreciate vt.欣赏；领会；感谢approach vt.向…靠近n.靠近appropriate a.适当的，恰当的approval n.赞成，同意；批准approve vt.赞成，称许；批准approximate a.近似的vt.近似arbitrary a.随心所欲的；专断的architecture n.建筑学；建筑式样argument n.争论，辩论；理由arise vi.出现；由…引起arithmetic n.算术，四则运算army n.军队；陆军around prep.在…周围arouse vt.引起，唤起；唤醒arrange vt.筹备；整理；调解arrangement n.整理，排列；安排arrest vt.逮捕，拘留；阻止arrival n.到达；到来；到达者arrow n.箭；箭状物article n.文章；条款；物品artificial a.人工的；矫揉造作的artistic a.艺术的；艺术家的ash n.灰，灰末；骨灰ashamed a.惭愧(的)；羞耻(的) aspect n.方面；样子，外表assemble vt.集合，召集；装配assembly n.集合；集会；装配assess vt.对(财产等)估价assign vt.指派；分配；指定assignment n.任务，指定的作业assist vt.援助，帮助；搀扶assistant n.助手，助理；助教assistance n. 协助,援助associate vi.交往n.伙伴，同事association n.协会，团体；联合assume vt.假定；承担；呈现assure vt.使确信；向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut n.宇宙航行员，宇航员Atlantic a.大西洋的n.大西洋atmosphere n.大气；空气；气氛atom n.原子；微粒；微量atomic a.原子的；原子能的attach vt.缚，系，贴；附加attain vt.达到，获得，完成attempt vt.尝试，试图n.企图attend vt.出席；照顾，护理attract vt.吸引；引起，诱惑attraction n.吸引；吸引力；引力attractive a.有吸引力的attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性audience n.听众，观众，读者authority n.当局，官方；权力auto n.(口语)汽车automatic a.自动的；机械的automobile n.汽车，机动车autumn n.秋，秋季auxiliary a.辅助的；附属的available a.可利用的；通用的avenue n.林荫道，道路；大街average n.平均数 a.平均的await vt.等候，期待awake a.醒着的vt.唤醒award n.奖，奖品；判定aware a.知道的，意识到的awful a.令人不愉快的awkward a.笨拙的；尴尬的ax n.斧子backward a.向后的；倒的ad.倒bacteria n.细菌baggage n.行李bake vt.烤，烘，焙；烧硬balance vt.使平衡；称n.天平balloon n.气球，玩具气球band n.乐队；带；波段bang n.巨响，枪声；猛击barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的；仅仅的bargain n.交易vi.议价；成交barrel n.桶；圆筒；枪管barrier n.栅栏，屏障；障碍basically ad.基本上basis n.基础，根据battery n.电池；一套，一组bay n.湾；山脉中的凹处beam n.梁；横梁；束，柱bear n.熊；粗鲁的人bear vt.容忍；负担；生育beard n.胡须，络腮胡子beast n.兽，野兽；牲畜behalf n.利益，维护，支持beneath prep.在…下方beneficial a.有利的，有益的bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌Bible n.基督教《圣经》billion num.万亿(英)bind vt.捆绑；包扎；装钉biology n.生物学；生态学biscuit n.(英)饼干；(美)软饼bite vt.咬，叮，螫；剌穿bitter a.痛苦的；严寒的blackboard n.黑板blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片blanket n.毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast n.爆炸，冲击波vt.炸blend vt.&vi.&n.混和block n.街区vt.堵塞，拦阻board n.板vt.上(船、车等) boast vi.自夸vt.吹嘘bold a.大胆的；冒失的bolt n.螺栓；插销vt.闩门bomb n.炸弹vt.轰炸bond n.联结，联系；公债bone n.骨，骨骼boot n.靴子，长统靴border n.边，边缘；边界bother vt.烦扰，迷惑n.麻烦bottle n.瓶，酒瓶；一瓶bottom n.底，底部，根基bounce vi.反跳，弹起；跳起bound a.一定的；有义务的boundary n.分界线，办界bow n.弓；蝴蝶结；鞠躬brake n.闸，刹车vi.制动branch n.树枝；分部；分科brass n.黄铜；黄铜器brave a.勇敢的，华丽的bread n.面包；食物，粮食breadth n.宽度，幅度；幅面break vt.打破；损坏；破坏breast n.乳房；胸脯，胸膛breed n.品种vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风，和风brick n.砖，砖块；砖状物bride n. 新娘brilliant a.光辉的；卓越的British a.不列颠的，英联邦的broad a.宽的，阔的；广泛的broadcast n.广播，播音brow n.额；眉，眉毛brush n.刷子，毛刷；画笔bubble n.泡vi.冒泡，沸腾bucket n.水桶；吊桶；铲斗building n.建筑物，大楼；建筑bulb n.电灯泡；球状物bulk n.物体，容积，大批bullet n.枪弹，子弹，弹丸bundle n.捆，包，束；包袱burden n.担子，重担；装载量bureau n.局，司，处；社，所burn vi.烧，燃烧n.烧伤burst vt.使爆裂vi.&n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬，葬；埋藏bush n.灌木，灌木丛，矮树button n.扣子；按钮vt.扣紧cabin n.小屋；船舱，机舱cabinet n.橱，柜；内阁cable n.缆，索；电缆；电报cafe n.咖啡馆；小餐厅calculate vt.计算；估计；计划calculator n.计算器，计算者calendar n.日历，历书；历法calm a.静的，平静的camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机，摄影机camp n.野营，营地，兵营campaign n.战役；运动campus n.校园，学校场地can aux.v.能，会，可能can n.罐头，听头；容器Canadian a.加拿大的canal n.运河；沟渠；管candidate n.候选人；投考者candle n.蜡烛；烛形物；烛光cap n.帽子，便帽；帽状物capable a.有能力的，有才能的capacity n.容量；能力；能量capital n.资本，资金；首都captain n.陆军上尉；队长capture vt.捕获，俘获；夺得carbon n.碳cargo n.船货，货物carpenter n.木工，木匠carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carriage n.客车厢；四轮马车carrier n.运输工具；运载工具cart n.二轮运货马车case n.情况；事实；病例cassette n.盒式录音带；盒子cast vt.投，扔，抛；浇铸castle n.城堡；巨大建筑物casual a.偶然的；随便的catalog n.目录，目录册cease vi.&vi.&n.停止，停息celebrate vt.庆祝；歌颂，赞美cell n.细胞；小房间cement n.水泥；胶泥vt.粘结cent n.分；分币；百centimetre n.公分，厘米ceremony n.典礼，仪式；礼节certificate n.证书，证件，执照chamber n.会议室；房间；腔champion n.冠军，得胜者chapter n.章，回，篇characteristic a.特有的n.特性charge vt.索价；控告n.费用chart n.图，图表；海图chase n.追逐，追赶，追求cheap a.廉价的；劣质的cheat vt.骗取；哄vi.行骗cheer vt.使振作；欢呼cheerful a.快乐的，愉快的cheese n.奶酪，干酪chemical a.化学的n.化学制品chemist n.化学家；药剂师cheque n.支票chill vt.使变冷n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱，烟筒；玻璃罩chin n.颏，下巴chocolate n.巧克力；巧克力糖choke vt.使窒息；塞满chop vt.砍，劈；切细vi.砍Christian n.基督教徒；信徒Christmas n.圣诞节circuit n.电路；环行；巡行circular a.圆的；循环的circulate vt.使循环vi.循环circumference n.圆周，周长，圆周线circumstance n.情况，条件；境遇citizen n.公民；市民，居民civilization n.文明，文化；开化civilize vt.使文明；教育classification n.分类；分级；分类法classify vt.把…分类claw n.爪，脚爪，螯clay n.粘土，泥土；肉体clue n.线索，暗示，提示clumsy a.笨拙的；愚笨的coach n.长途公共汽车coal n.煤，煤块coarse a.粗的，粗糙的coast n.海岸，海滨(地区)cock n.公鸡；雄禽；旋塞code n.准则；法典；代码coffee n.咖啡，咖啡茶coil n.(一)卷；线圈vt.卷collapse vi.倒坍；崩溃，瓦解collar n.衣领，项圈colleague n.同事，同僚collection n.搜集，收集；收藏品collective a.集体的；集合性的collision n.碰撞；冲突colony n.殖民地；侨居地column n.柱，支柱，圆柱comb n.梳子vt.梳理combination n.结合，联合；化合command vt.命令，指挥；控制commander n.司令官，指挥员comment n.评论，意见；注释commerce n.商业，贸易；社交commercial a.商业的；商品化的commission n.委任状；委员会commit vt.犯(错误);干(坏事) committee n.委员会；全体委员community n.社区；社会；公社companion n.同伴；共事者；伴侣comparative a.比较的，相对的comparison n.比较，对照；比似compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规compel vt.强迫，迫使屈服compete vi.比赛；竞争；对抗competent a.有能力的；应该做的competition n.竞争，比赛complex a.结合的；复杂的complicated a.复杂的，难懂的component n.组成部分；分；组件compose vt.组成，构成；创作composition n.构成；作品；写作compound n.化合物；复合词comprehension n.理解，理解力；领悟comprehensive a.广泛的；理解的compress vt.压紧，压缩comprise vt.包含，包括；构成compromise n.妥协，和解compute vt.计算，估计，估算conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concentrate vt.集中；聚集；浓缩concentration n.集中；专注；浓缩concept n.概念，观念，设想concern n.关心，挂念；关系concerning prep.关于concert n.音乐会，演奏会conclude vt.推断出；结束conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾concrete n.混凝土；具体物condemn vt.谴责，指责；判刑condense vt.压缩，使缩短condition n.状况，状态；环境conduct n.举止，行为；指导conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥conference n.会议，讨论会confess vt.供认，承认；坦白confine vt.限制；禁闭confirm vt.证实，肯定；批准conflict n.争论；冲突；斗争confuse vt.使混乱，混淆congratulate vt.祝贺，向…道喜congress n.大会；国会，议会conjunction n.接合，连接；连接词conquer vt.征服，战胜；破除conquest n.攻取，征服；克服conscience n.良心，道德心conscious a.意识到的；有意的consciousness n.意识，觉悟；知觉consent n.同意，赞成vi.同意consequence n.结果，后果consequently ad.因此，因而，所以conservation n.保存，保护；守恒conservative a.保守的n.保守的人considerable a.相当大的；重要的considerate a.考虑周到的；体谅的consideration n.考虑，思考；体贴consist vi.由…组成；在于consistent a.坚持的，一贯的constant a.经常的；永恒的constitute vt. 构成,组成,任命constitution n.章程；体质；构造construct vt.建造；建设；构筑construction n.建造；建筑；建筑物consult vt.请教，查阅consume vt.消耗，消费；消灭consumption n.消耗量；消耗contact vt.使接触；与…联系contain vt.包含，容纳；等于container n.容器；集装箱contemporary a.当代的，同时代的contempt n.轻蔑；藐视；受辱content n.内容，目录；容量content a.满意的，满足的contest vt.争夺，争取；辩驳continent n.大陆；陆地；洲continual a.不断的；连续的continue vt.继续，连续；延伸continuous a.连续不断的，持续的contract n.契约，合同；婚约contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；否认contrary a.相反的n.相反contribute vt.捐献，捐助；投稿convenience n.便利，方便；厕所convenient a.便利的；近便的convention n.习俗，惯例；公约conventional a.普通的；习惯的conversation n.会话，非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变，转化；改变convert vt.使转变；使改变convey vt.传送；运送；传播convince vt.使确信，使信服cooperate vi.合作，协作；配合coordinate vt.使协调，调节copper n.铜；铜币，铜制器cord n.细绳，粗线，索core n.果实的心，核心corner n.角；犄角；边远地区corporation n.公司，企业；社团correspond vi.相符合；相当corresponding a.相应的；符合的corridor n.走廊，回廊，通路costly a.昂贵的；价值高的cottage n.村舍，小屋cotton n.棉；棉线；棉布cough vi.咳，咳嗽n.咳嗽council n.理事会，委员会count vt.计算vi.数，计数counter n.柜台；计数器county n.英国的郡，美国的县crack n.裂缝，裂纹vi.爆裂craft n.工艺；手艺，行业crane n.起重机，摄影升降机crash vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞crawl vi.爬，爬行cream n.奶油，乳脂；奶油色creature n.生物，动物，家畜credit n.信用贷款；信用creep vi.爬行；缓慢地行进crew n.全体船员criminal n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯crisis n.危机；存亡之际critic n.批评家，爱挑剔的人critical a.决定性的；批评的criticism n.批评；批判；评论criticize vt.批评；评论；非难crown n.王冠，冕；花冠crude a.简陋的；天然的cruel a.残忍的，残酷的crush vt.压碎，碾碎；镇压crust n.面包皮；硬外皮crystal n.水晶，结晶体；晶粒cube n.立方形；立方cubic a.立方形的；立方的cultivate vt.耕；种植；培养cupboard n.碗柜，碗碟橱；食橱cure vt.医治；消除n.治愈curiosity n.好奇，好奇心；珍品current a.当前的；通用的curse n.诅咒，咒骂；天谴curtain n.帘，窗帘；幕(布) curve n.曲线；弯vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫customer n.顾客，主顾cycle n自行车，循环dairy n.牛奶场；乳制品dam n.水坝，水堤；障碍物dare vt.&aux.v.敢；竟敢deal n.买卖；待遇vt.给予debate n.&vi.争论，辩论decade n.十年，十年期decay vi.腐烂；衰败n.腐烂deceive vt.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗decide vt.决定，决心；解决deck n.甲板；舱面；层面declare vt.断言；声明；表明decorate vt.装饰，装璜，修饰decrease vi.&n.减少，减少deduce vt.演绎，推论，推断deed n.行为；功绩；契约defect n.缺点，缺陷，欠缺definitely ad.一定地，明确地definition n.定义，释义；定界degree n.程度；度；学位delicate a.纤细的；易碎的delight n.快乐vt.使高兴deliver vt.投递，送交；发表delivery n.投递；交付；分娩demand vt.要求；需要；询问democracy n.民主，民主制democratic a.民主的，民主政体的demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露dense a.密集的；浓厚的density n.密集，稠密；密度deny vt.否定；拒绝相信depart vi.离开，起程；出发department n.部，司，局，处，系departure n.离开，出发，起程dependent a.依靠的，依赖的deposit vt.使沉淀；存放depress vt.使沮丧；按下depth n.深度；深厚；深处derive vt.取得vi.起源descend vi.下来，下降；下倾describe vt.形容；描写，描绘description n.描写，形容；种类desert n.沙漠vt.离弃；擅离deserve vt.应受，值得design vt.设计n.设计；图样desirable a.值得相望的；可取的desire vt.相望；要求n.愿望despair n.绝望vi.绝望desperate a.拼死的；绝望的despite prep.不管，不顾destination n.目的地，终点；目标destruction n.破坏，毁灭，消灭detail n.细节；枝节；零件detect vt.察觉，发觉；侦察detection n.察觉，发觉；侦察determination n.决心；决定；确定determine vt.决定；查明；决心device n.器械，装置；设计devil n.魔鬼，恶魔devise vt.设计，发明devote vt.将…奉献，致力于diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面；拨号盘vt.拨dialect n.方言，土语，地方话diameter n.直径diamond n.金钢石，钻石；菱形dictate vt.&vi.口授；命令digital a.数字的，计数的dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的dimension n.尺寸，尺度；面积dip vt.浸，蘸vi.浸一浸director n.指导者；理事；导演dirt n.尘，土；污物，污垢disadvantage n.不利，不利地位disagree vi.有分歧；不一致disappear vi.不见，失踪；消失disappoint vt.使失望，使受挫折disaster n.灾难，灾祸；天灾disk n.圆盘，唱片；磁盘disc n.圆盘，唱片；磁盘discard vt.丢弃，抛弃，遗弃discharge vt.释放；排出n.释放discipline n.纪律；训练vt.训练discourage v t.使泄气，使灰心discover vt.发现；暴露，显示discovery n.发现；被发现的事物discussion n.讨论，谈论；论述disgust n.厌恶，憎恶dish n.碟，盘子；菜肴dismiss vt.不再考虑；解雇disorder n.混乱，杂乱；骚乱display vt.陈列，展览；显示disposal n.丢掉，处理，销毁dispose vi.去掉，丢掉；销毁dispute vi.争论，争执n.争论dissolve vt.使溶解；解散distance n.距离，间距；远处distant a.在远处的，疏远的distinct a.与其它不同的distinction n.差别，不同，区分distress n.忧虑，悲伤；不幸distribute vt.分发，分送；分布distribution n.分发，分配；分布district n.区；地区，区域disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；弄乱ditch n.沟，沟渠，渠道dive vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲diverse a.不一样的，相异的divide vt.分；分配；分开division n.分，分配；除法document n.公文，文件；证件domestic a.本国的；家庭的donkey n.驴；笨蛋dorm n.宿舍dormitory n.集体寝室；宿舍dose n.剂量，用量；一剂dot n.点，圆点vt.打点于doubtful a.难以预测的；怀疑的downstairs a d.在楼下 a.楼下的draft n.草稿；汇票vt.起草drag vt.拖，拉；拖曳drain vt.排去；放水n.耗竭drama n.一出戏剧，剧本dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的drawing n.图画，素描；绘图drift vi.漂流，漂泊n.漂流drill n.钻头；操练vi.钻孔drip vi.滴下；漏水n.水滴drown vi.淹死，溺死drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶due a.预期的；应给的dull a.枯燥的；不鲜明的dump vt.倾卸，倾倒；倾销durable a.耐久的，耐用的duration n.持续，持久dusk n.薄暮，黄昏，幽暗dye vt.染n.染料；染色dynamic a.有活力的；动力的eagle n.鹰earn vt.赚得，挣得；获得earnest a.认真的，诚恳的ease n.容易，舒适vt.缓和eastern a.东方的；朝东的easy a.容易的；安逸的echo n.回声，反响vi.重复economical a.节约的；经济学的effect n.结果；效果，效力effective a.有效的；有影响的efficiency n.效率；功效，效能efficient a.效率高的，有能力的effort n.努力；努力的成果elaborate a.复杂的；精心制作的elastic n.松紧带 a.有弹性的elder a.年龄较大的n.长者election n.选举，选择权；当选electrical a.电的，电气科学的electron n.电子electronic a.电子的elementary a.基本的；初级的elevator n.电梯；升降机eliminate vt.消灭，消除，排除elsewhere ad.在别处，向别处embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难embrace vt.拥抱；包括；包围emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件emit vt.散发；发射；发表emotion n.情感，感情；激动emotional a.感情的，情绪的emperor n.皇帝emphasis n.强调，重点，重要性emphasize vt.强调，着重empire n.帝国employ vi.雇用；用；使忙于employee n.受雇者，雇员，雇工employer n.雇佣者，雇主employment n.工业；雇用；使用enable vt.使能够，使可能enclose vt.围住，圈起；附上encounter vt.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇encourage vt.鼓励，支持，助长ending n.结尾，结局；死亡endure vt.忍受；容忍enemy n.敌人；仇敌；敌兵enforce vt.实施，执行；强制engage vt.使从事于；聘用engineering n.工程，工程学enormous a.巨大的，庞大的enquire vi.vt. 询问enquiry n. 询问ensure vt.保证；保护；赋予entertain vt.使欢乐；招待enthusiasm n.热情，热心，热忱entire a.全部的，整个的entitle vt.给…权利(或资格) entrance n.入口，门口；进入equality n.等同，平等；相等equation n.方程(式)；等式equip vt.装备，配备equivalent a.相等的；等量的era n.时代，年代；纪元erect vt.建造；使竖立essay n.短文，散文，小品文essential a.必要的，本质的establish vt.建立，设立；确立establishment n.建立，设立，确立estimate vt.估计，评价n.估计evaporate vt.使蒸发vi.蒸发eve n.前夜，前夕，前一刻even a.均匀的；平的evening n.傍晚，黄昏，晚上eventually ad.终于；最后evident a.明显的，明白的evolution n.进化，演化；发展evolve vt.使进化；使发展exaggerate vt.&vi.夸大，夸张examine vt.检查，仔细观察exceed vt.超过，胜过；超出exceedingly ad.极端地，非常excellent a.优秀的，杰出的exception n.例外，除外excess n.超越；过量；过度excessive a.过多的，极度的excite vt.使激动；引起exclaim vi.呼喊；惊叫exclude vt.把…排除在外exclusively ad.专门地excursion n.远足；短途旅行execute vt.将…处死；实施executive a.执行的n.执行者exercise n.锻炼，训练vi.练习exert vt.尽(力)，运用exhibit vt.显示；陈列，展览exhibition n.展览，陈列；展览会existence n.存在，实在；生存expansion n.扩大，扩充；扩张explode vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸exploit vt.剥削；利用；开拓explore vt.&vi.探险，探索explosion n.爆炸，爆发，炸裂explosive n.炸药 a.爆炸的expose vt.使暴露；揭露exposure n.暴露；揭露；曝光express vt.表示n.快车，快递extension n.延长部分；伸展extensive a.广阔的；广泛的extent n.广度；范围；程度exterior a.外部的；对外的external a.外部的，外面的extraordinary a.非同寻常的，特别的extreme a.极度的；尽头的eyesight n.视力，目力fabric n.织物，纺织品；结构facility n.设备；容易；便利factor n.因素；因子，系数faculty n.才能，能力；系，科fade vi.褪色；逐渐消失faint a.微弱的；虚弱的fair n.定期集市；博览会fairly ad.相当；公平地fame n.名声，名望famine n.饥荒；严重的缺乏fare n.车费，船费，票价farewell int.再会n.告别fashionable a.流行的，时髦的fast a.快的；偏快的ad.快fasten vt.扎牢，扣住fatal a.致命的；命运的fate n.命运，天数fatigue n.疲劳，劳累faulty a.有错误的，有缺点的favour n.好感；赞同；恩惠favourable a.有利的；赞成的feasible a.可行的；可能的feature n.特征，特色；面貌federal a.联邦的；联盟的feedback n.回授，反馈，反应feeling n.感情；感觉，知觉fellow n.人，家伙；伙伴fence n.栅栏fertile a.肥沃的；多产的fertilizer n.肥料fetch vt.拿来；请来，接去fibre n.纤维，纤维质fiction n.小说；虚构，杜撰fierce a.凶猛的，狂热的figure n.数字；外形；人物file n.档案vt.把…归档fill vt.装满，盛满；占满filter vt.过滤n.滤纸flame n.火焰；光辉；热情flavour n.味，味道；风味fleet n.舰队；船队，机群flesh n.肉，肌肉；肉体flexible a.易弯曲的；灵活的flight n.航班；飞行；逃跑float vi.漂浮vt.使漂浮flock n.羊群，群；大量flourish vi.繁荣，茂盛，兴旺flow vi.流动；飘垂；涨潮fluent a.流利的，流畅的fluid n.流体，液体focus vi.聚焦，注视n.焦点fog n.雾；烟雾，尘雾fold vt.折叠；合拢n.褶folk n.人们，家属，亲属footstep n.脚步；脚步声；足迹forehead n.额头，前部forge n. 熔炉,铁工厂vt. 打制,锻造,伪造fork n.餐叉；叉；分叉formula n.公式，式forth ad.向前；向外，往外fortnight n.两星期，十四天fortunate a.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately a d.幸运地，幸亏foundation n.基础；地基；基金fountain n.泉水，喷泉；源泉fox n.狐狸；狡猾的人fraction n.小部分；片断；分数fragment n.碎片，破片，碎块frame n.框架，框子；构架framework n.框架，构架，结构frank a.坦白的，直率的freeze vi.冻；结冻vt.使结冰freight n.货运；货物；运费frequency n.屡次；次数；频率frequent a.时常发生的；经常的friction n.摩擦，摩擦力frighten vt.使惊恐，吓唬frog n.蛙frontier n.边境；边疆；新领域frost n.冰冻，严寒；霜frown vi.皱眉，蹙额fruitful a.多产的；肥沃的fry vt.油煎，油炸，油炒fuel n.燃料vt.给…加燃料fulfil vt.履行；满足；完成function n.功能；职务；函数fund n.资金；基金；存款fundamental a.基础的，基本的funeral n.葬礼，丧礼，丧葬funny a.古怪的；滑稽的furnace n.炉子，熔炉；鼓风炉furnish vt.供应，提供；装备furniture n.家具；装置，设备furthermore ad.而且，此外gallon n.加仑garage n.车库；加油站garden n.花园，菜园；公园gardener n.园丁，花匠gaseous a.气体的，气态的gasoline n.(美)汽油gauge vt.量，测量n.量器gay a.快乐的；鲜明的generate vt.发生；引起；生殖generator n.发电机；发生者generous a.慷慨的；宽厚的genius n.天才，天赋，天资gentle a.和蔼的；轻柔的genuine a.真的；真正的geography n.地理，地理学geometry n.几何，几何学germ n.微生物，细菌，幼芽gesture n.姿势，手势；姿态ghost n.鬼，灵魂；鬼魂giant n.巨人；巨物glance vi.看一下n.一瞥glass n.玻璃；玻璃杯glimpse vt.瞥见n.一瞥，一看globe n.地球，世界；地界仪glorious a.光荣的；壮丽的glory n.光荣；荣誉的事glow n.白热光vi.发白热光glue n.胶，胶水vt.胶合goat n.山羊goose n.鹅，雌鹅governor n.州长；主管人员grace n.优美，文雅；雅致grade vt.给…分等级n.等级gradual a.逐渐的；渐进的grain n.谷物，谷粒；颗粒grammatical a.语法上的gramme n. 克grand a.宏伟的；重大的grant n.授给物vt.授予graph n.(曲线)图，图表grateful a.感激的；令人愉快的gratitude a.感激，感谢，感恩grave n.坟墓 a.严重的gravity n.重力，引力；严重性gray a.灰色的n.灰色great a.大的；伟大的greedy a.贪吃的；贪婪的Greek a.希腊的n.希腊人green a.绿色的n.绿色grey a.灰色的n.灰色grind vt.磨(碎)；磨快grip vt.握紧，抓牢n.紧握grocer n.食品商；杂货商gross a.总的；严重的guard vt.守卫；看守n.卫兵guidance n.引导，指导，领导guilty a.内疚的；有罪的gulf n.海湾gum n.口香糖；树胶gym n.体育馆，健身房gymnasium n.体育馆，健身房halt vi.停止；立定n.停住hammer n.锤，榔头vt.锤击handle n.柄，把手vt.拿，触harbour n.海港，港口vt.庇护harden vt.使变硬vi.变硬hardship n.艰难，困苦hardware n.五金器具；硬件harm n.伤害，损害vt.损害harmony n.调合，协调，和谐harness vt.治理n.马具，挽具harsh a.严厉的；刺耳的hatred n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨hay n.干草hazard n.危险；公害headquarters n.司令部；总部heap n.(一)堆；大量heat n.热，炎热vi.变热heaven n.天堂；天，天空hedge n.篱笆，树篱；障碍物heel n.脚后跟，踵，后跟height n.高，高度；高处helicopter n.直升机hell n.地狱；极大的痛苦hence ad.因此，所以；今后herd n.兽群，牧群vt.放牧heroic a.英雄的；英勇的hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇；含糊highway n.公路；大路hillside n.(小山)山腰，山坡hollow a.空的；空洞的holy a.神圣的；圣洁的honourable a.诚实的；光荣的hook n.钩，挂钩vt.钩住horizon n.地平线；眼界，见识horizontal a.地平的；水平的horn n.号角；警报器；角horror n.恐怖；战栗；憎恶horsepower n.马力hostile a.敌方的；不友善的humble a.谦逊的；地位低下的humorous a.富于幽默的，诙谐的hundred num.百，百个n.许多hut n.小屋，棚屋hydrogen n.氢identical a.完全相同的；同一的identify vt.认出，识别，鉴定idle a.空闲的；懒散的ignorant a.不知道的；无知的illegal a.不合法的，非法的illustrate vt.(用图等)说明illustration n.说明，图解；例证imitate vt.模仿，仿效；仿制immense a.巨大的；极好的immigrant n.移民 a.移民的impact n.影响，作用；冲击impatient a.不耐烦的，急躁的implication n.含义，暗示，暗指import vt.&n.输入，进口importance n.重要；重要性important a.重要的；有势力的impose vt.把…强加；征(税) impossible a.不可能的，办不到的impress vt.给…深刻印象impression n.印；印象；印记impressive a.给人印象深刻的incline n.斜坡vt.使倾斜index n.索引；指数；指标indicate vt.标示，表示；表明indication n.指示；表示；表明indifferent a.冷漠的；不积极的indirect a.间接的；不坦率的indispensable a.必不可少的，必需的individual a.个别的；独特的indoors ad.在室内，在屋里industrial a.工业的；产业的industrialize vt.使工业化inevitable a.不可避免的，必然的infant n.婴儿 a.婴儿的infect vt.传染；感染infer vt.推论，推断；猜想inferior a.下等的；劣等的infinite a.无限的；无数的influential a.有影响的；有权势的inform vt.通知，向…报告information n.消息，信息；通知inhabitant n.居民，住户inherit vt.继承(传统等)initial a.最初的；词首的injection n.注射，注入；充满injure vt.伤害，损害，损伤injury n.损害，伤害；受伤处ink n.墨水，油墨inn n.小旅店；小酒店innocent a.清白的，幼稚的input n.输入；投入的资金inquire vt.打听，询问；调查inquiry n.询问，打听；调查insect n.昆虫，虫insert vt.插入; 嵌入; 登载inside prep.在…里面n.内部insist vi.坚持；坚持要求inspect vt.检查，审查；检阅inspire vt.鼓舞；给…以灵感install vt.安装，设置installation n.安装；装置；设施instance n.例子，实例，事例instant n.瞬间 a.立即的instead ad.代替，顶替；反而instinct n.本能；直觉；生性institute n.研究所；学院institution n.协会；制度，习俗instruct vt.教；指示；通知instruction n.命令；教学；教训instrument n.仪器；工具；乐器insult vt.&n.侮辱，凌辱insurance n.保险；保险费insure vt.给…保险；确保intellectual n.知识分子 a.智力的intelligence n.智力；理解力；情报intelligent a.聪明的；理智的intend vt.想要，打算；意指intense a.强烈的；紧张的intensity n.强烈，剧烈；强度intensive a.加强的；精耕细作的intention n.意图，意向，目的interaction n.相互作用；干扰interfere vi.干涉，干预；妨碍interference n.干涉，干预；阻碍interior a.内的；内地的n.内部intermediate a.中间的；中级的internal a.内的；国内的international a.国际的，世界(性)的interpret vt.解释，说明；口译interpretation n.解释；口译interrupt vt.打断，打扰；中止interval n.间隔；休息；间距intimate a.亲密的；个人的introduction n.介绍；引进；引言invade vt.入侵，侵略；侵袭invasion n.入侵，侵略；侵犯investigate v t.&vi.调查investment n.投资，投资额，投入invisible a.看不见的，无形的invitation n.邀请，招待；请柬involve vt.使卷入；牵涉inward a.里面的ad.向内iron n.铁；烙铁vt.烫(衣) isolate vt.使隔离，使孤立issue n.问题；发行vt.发行jam n.果酱jam vt.使塞满；使堵塞jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶jaw n.颌，颚jazz n.爵士音乐，爵士舞曲jealous a.妒忌的；猜疑的jet n.喷气式飞机；喷嘴jewel n.宝石；宝石饰物joint n.接头，接缝；关节jungle n.丛林，密林，莽丛junior a.年少的n.晚辈jury n.陪审团；评奖团just ad.刚才；只是；正好justice n.正义，公正；司法justify vt.证明…是正当的keen a.热心的；激烈的kettle n.水壶，水锅knee n.膝，膝盖，膝关节kneel vi.跪，跪下，跪着knot n.(绳的)结，(树的)节label n.标签；标记，符号lag vi.走得慢n.落后landlord n.地主；房东，店主lane n.(乡间)小路；跑道lap n.膝部；一圈largely ad.大部分；大量地laser n.激光launch vt.发射，投射；发动laundry n.洗衣房，洗衣店lavatory n.盥洗室，厕所law n.法律，法令；法则lawn n.草地，草坪，草场lawyer n.律师；法学家lay vt.置放；铺设；设置layer n.层，层次；铺设者layout n.布局，安排，设计league n.同盟，联盟；联合会leak vi.漏；泄露n.漏洞lean vi.倾斜，屈身；靠leather n.皮革；皮革制品leisure n.空闲时间；悠闲lens n.透镜，镜片；镜头lessen vt.减少，减轻；缩小lest conj.惟恐，以免lever n.杆，杠杆；控制杆liable a.易于…的；可能的liberal a.心胸宽大的；慷慨的liberate vt.解放；释放liberty n.自由；释放；许可librarian n.图书馆馆长library n.图书馆；藏书license n.许可；执照vt.准许lid n.盖子，盖，囊盖likewise ad.同样地；也，又limb n.肢，臂，翼；树枝lime n.石灰liquor n.酒；溶液，液剂liver n.肝；肝脏loan n.贷款；暂借vt.借出locate vt.探明，找出，查出lodge vi.暂住，借宿，投宿log n.原木，木料loop n.圈，环，环孔lord n.贵族；上帝，基督lorry n.运货汽车，卡车lump n.团，块；肿块mad a.发疯的；恼火的magic n.魔法，巫术；戏法magnet n.磁铁，磁石，磁体magnetic a.磁的，有吸引力的magnificent n.壮丽的；华丽的maid n.女佣，女仆；少女maintenance n.维持，保持；维修manual a.体力的n.手册manufacture vt.制造n.制造；产品manufacturer n.制造商；制造厂march vi.行军；游行示威margin n.页边的空白；边缘marine a.海的；海上的mark n.斑点；记号vt.标明marriage n.结婚，婚姻；婚礼marvelous a.奇迹般的；了不起的Marxist a.马克思主义的mask n.面具；伪装vt.掩饰mass n.众多；团；群众mat n.席子；草席；垫子match n.比赛，竞赛；对手match n.(一根)火柴mate n.伙伴，同事；配偶mathematical a.数学的，数学上的mathematics n.数学mayor n.市长mean vt.作…解释；意指mean a.自私的；吝啬的mean a.平均的n.平均值means n.方法，手段，工具meantime n.其时，其间ad.当时meanwhile ad.同时，当时measurement n.衡量，测量；尺寸mechanic n.技工，机械，机修工mechanical a.机械的；力学的mechanics n.力学；技术性细节medicine n.内服药；医学medium n.媒质；中间a.中等的melt vi.融化vt.使融化memorial a.纪念的；记忆的memory n.记忆；回忆；存储menu n.菜单；饭菜，菜肴merchant n.商人；零售商mercury n.水银，汞Mercury n.水星mercy n.仁慈，慈悲，恩惠mere a.仅仅的；纯粹的merely ad.仅仅，只不过merit n.长处，优点；功过meter n.计量器，计，表metric a.公制的，米制的microscope n.显微镜might n.力量，威力，能力mild a.和缓的；温柔的mile n.英里military a.军事的；军人的mill n.磨坊；制造厂millimetre n.毫米minimum n.最小量 a.最小的minister n.部长，大臣；公使ministry n.(政府的)部minor a.较小的；较次要的minority n.少数；少数民族minus a.负的prep.减(去) minute a.微细的；详细的miracle n.奇迹，令人惊奇的人miserable a.痛苦的，悲惨的mislead vt.使误入岐途miss vt.未看到；惦念missile n.发射物；导弹missing a.缺掉的，失去的mist n.薄雾mix vt.使混合，混淆mixture n.混合；混合物mobile a.运动的；流动的mode n.方式，样式。

英语修辞法概括

Allegory寓言an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; dove - an emblem of peaceAlliteration头韵use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse Fortune favors the poor.Anacoluthon错格A syntactic interruption or deviation: that is, an abrupt change in a sentence from one construction to another which is grammatically inconsistent with the first.It makes me so —— I just get angry.Anadiplosis反复法A rhetorical term for the repetition of the last word of one line or clause to begin the next.She gave her life；life was all she could give.Analogy 类比Similarity in some respects between things that are otherwise dissimilar.It is probably easier to make an analogy between the courses of the planets, and two trains traveling in the same direction.将行星的运行比作两列火车朝同一方向行驶可能更容易些。

高三英语一轮复习 Module 4 Which English教师用书外研版选修8-外研版高三选修

Module 4 Which English？(对应学生用书第226页)[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写要识记1．matter v．重要，要紧；有关系2．count v. 很重要；很有价值3．debate n. 讨论；辩论4．overe v. 征服；战胜5．oppose v. 反对6．unique adj.独一无二的；独特的7．acquire v．得到，获得8．furthermore adv.此外，而且9．splendid adj.极好的；优秀的10．association n．联系11．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困难的抉择12．relevant adj.有关的；切题的13．convey v．传达，传递14．concept n．概念；观念15．clarify v．弄明白；澄清16．tendency n．趋向；倾向17．select v．挑选，选择18．withdraw v．收回；撤销(说过的话) 19．reject v．拒绝接受20．potential adj.潜在的；可能的21．betray v．对……不忠22．conflict n．抵触；冲突23．superior adj.更好的；更强的24．status n．地位25．classify v．将……分类Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．instant adj.立即的；紧急的，立刻的n.瞬间，立刻→instantly adv.立即，马上2．recognise v．认出；承认→recognition n．认出；承认→recognisable adj.能辨认的，能认出的3．plain v．抱怨；不满→plaint n．抱怨4．convince vt.确信，信服→convinced adj.确信的，信服的→convincing adj.令人信服的5．significance n．意义；含义→significant adj.有意义的6．resist v．反抗；抵抗→resistant adj.反抗的→resistance n．反抗；抵抗7．approve vt.&vi.赞同；批准→approval n．赞许；赞成8．curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．His convincing words finally convinced me，and I was convinced that he was innocent.(convince)2．I plained to the hotel manager that the room was too damp but my plaint was declined.(plain)3．Most students think it significant to join the English corner，though a few haven't realized the significance of it.(significance)4．Thanks to your approval，if you didn't approve of my plan，I would be fired by the employer.(approve)5．The child asked curiously，“Why does were moon move around the earth？〞We are curious to know why she asked such a question.Perhaps children show curiosity about everything.(curious)[拓展联想]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．tell...apart 区分开2．as long as 只要3．lie in 在于4．in conclusion 总之5．a huge number of 大量的6．get down to sth.开始做某事7．let sb.down 使某人失望8．or rather 更确切地说Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．The final examination is ing up soon.It's time for us to get down to our studies.2．Learning foreign languages calls for your memory，time，patience andemotions.In conclusion，it is not a simple thing.3．As a matter of fact，happiness doesn't lie in how much property (财产) you own.4．I promised to go to the party with Jane and I can't let her down．5．Your dream will e true sooner or later as long as you do your best.[拓展联想]4.主语＋be ＋adj.＋to do sth.(不定式主动表示被动)English has a huge number of colourful andsplendid expressions which may bedifficult to understand.4.迈克，你认为这些数学题很难做出来吗？Mike，do you think these math problemsare quite difficult to work out？(对应学生用书第227页)精讲3个考纲单词debate n．辩论，讨论v.辩论，争论，讨论[经典例句] The mittee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16.(牛津词典)委员会将讨论是否将参加俱乐部的年龄限制放宽到16岁。

opposite的用法总结大全_opposite的用法及例句

opposite的用法总结大全各位知道opposite这个单词吗?opposite意思是代表相反的，非常复杂的一个单词，那么opposite的用法有哪些呢?下面是小编给大家带来的opposite的用法总结大全_opposite的用法及例句，以供大家参考，我们一起来看看吧!opposite的释义opposite英 [pzt; pst] 美 [ɑpzt]adj. 相反的;对面的;对立的n. 对立面;反义词prep. 在…的对面adv. 在对面[ 复数 opposites ]▼opposite的用法总结1.opposite用作副词时意思是“在对面”,在句中多用作状语。

2.opposite可指空间位置上的“对面的”,也可指两件东西被认为位于一直线的两端,在地位、性质、意义等方面“对立”或“相反”。

3.opposite用作定语时,主要指空间位置上的关系,作“对面的”解,可前置,也可后置。

前置时表示一对相对的物体或事物中的一个,两者有相互依存的关系,这种关系是客观的,永久的; 而后置时则表示暂时的空间关系或在讲话人或被谈论的人的对面。

opposite作“相反的”解时可作前置定语,也可作表语。

4.opposite作形容词表示“对面的”时，后常加介词to，不过句子中的to常被省略。

I live opposite (to) the post office.我住在邮局的对面。

5.opposite用作名词时意思是“对立面,对立物,相反的人或事物”,是可数名词,通常与of连用。

▼opposite的词组短语opposite direction 相反方向;敌对方向opposite sex 异性just the opposite 正好相反，恰巧相反 opposite side 对边;相对面opposite party 对方;对立的一方opposite end 另一端opposite view 相反的观点opposite number 地位对等或相当者;对应物;对应号opposite phase 反相diametrically opposite 直径上对置的;正好相反的opposite angle 对角，对顶角opposite polarity 相反极性opposite sign 反号;异号▼opposite的词语辨析opposite, contrary, otherwise, unlikelyopposite adj 相反的，相对的，对面的;contrary adj 相反的，矛盾的，对抗的;otherwise 可做adv，意为“不同的，不那样的”;unlikely adj 不大可能的▼opposite的中英例句Opposite the front door was a staircase which I proceeded to climb.前门对面是我接着要爬的楼梯。

化学英语缩略词

化学缩略词ab. absolute 绝对的addn. addition 添加alc. alcohol 醇alk. alkali 碱amt. amount 量A.P. analytically pure 分析纯app. apparatus 装置approx. approximate 大约aqu. aqueous 水的asym. asymmetric 不对称的atm. atmospheric 大气压av. average 平均的b.p. boiling point 沸点ca. about 大约cal. caloric 卡路里calc. calculate 计算cf. compare 比较chem. chemistry 化学conc. concentrated 浓缩的const. constant 常数contg. containing 含有…的compd. compound 化合物C.P. chemically pure 化学纯cryst. crystalline 晶体decomp. decompose 分解deriv. derivative 衍生detn. determination 测定dil. dilute 稀释的distd. distilled 蒸馏的e.g. for example 例如elec. electric 电的eq. equation 方程equil. equilibrium 平衡equiv. equivalent 等价的et. al. and others 以及其他人etc. et cetera 等等evap. evaporation 蒸发expt. experimental 实验的fig. figure 图hyd. hydrous 水的ibid. in the same place在同一地方lab. laboratory 实验室liq. liquid 液体L.R. laboratory reagent实验试剂manf. manufacture 制造max. maximum 最大的min. minute 最小的mixt. mixture 混合物mol.wt. molecular weight 分子量m.p. melting point 熔点org. organic 有机的ppm. parts per million百万分之一ppt. precipitated 沉淀的prep. prepare 制备resp. respectively 分别地sec. second 第二soln. solution 溶液solv. solvent 溶剂sp.gr. specific gravity 比重sq. square 平方sub. sublime 升华susp. suspended 悬浮地tech. technical 技术的Tech.P. technically pure 技术纯temp. temperature 温度vol. volume 体积wt. Weight 重量1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团functional group双键double bond三键triple bond烃基hydroxy group琉基mercapto硫轻基sulfhydryl group羰基carbonyl group氨基amino group亚氨基imino group硝基nitro group亚硝基nitroso group氰基cyano group羧基carboxyl group磺基sulpho group烷基alkyl group苯基phenyl group卡基benzyl group芳基aryl group烯基allyl group烷氧基alkoxyl group酰基acyl group活性亚甲基active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃hydrocarbon石蜡paraffin脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃alkane烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne共扼二烯烃conjugated diene脂环烃alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物spiro compound桥环化合物bridged ring compound芳烃aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon稠环芳烃condensed aromatics 卤代烃halohydrocarbon醇alcohol酚phenol醚ether环氧化合物epoxide冠醚crown ether硫醇thiol硫酚thiophenol硫醚sulfide二硫化物disulfide亚磺酸sulfinic acid磺酸sulfonic acid亚砜sulfoxide砜sulfone醛aldehyde酮ketone半缩醛hemiacetaI半缩酮hemiketal缩醛acetal缩酮ketal西佛碱shiff's base肟oxime腙hydrozone缩氨脲semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌quinone羧酸carboxylic acid酰卤acid halide酸酐acid anhydride酯ester酰胺amide内酯lactone内酰胺lactam月青nitrile取代酸substituted acid羟基酸hydroxy acid醇酸alcoholic acid酚酸phenolic acid酮酸keto acidB-酮酸酯B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物nitroso compoundA ampere安(培)Angstrom unit(s)埃(长度单位，10-10米)abs．absolute绝对的abs．EtOH absolute alcohol无水乙醇abstr．abstract文摘Ac acetyl(CH3CO，not CH3COO)乙酰基a c alternating current交流电(流)Ac．H．acetaldehyde 乙醛AcOH acetic acid乙酸Ac2O acetic anhydride乙酸酐AcOEt ethyl acetate乙酸乙酯AcONa乙酸钠add additive 附加物addn addition加成，添加addnl additional添加的alc．alcohol，alcoholic醇aliph．aliphatic 脂族的Al．Hg．Aluminum amalgam铝汞齐alk．alkaline(not alkali)碱性的alky alkalinity(alhys．for alkalinities is not approved)碱度，碱性am amyl(not ammonium)戊基amorph amorphous无定形的amp ampere(s)安(培)amt．amount(as a noun)数量anal．analysis分析anhyd．anhydrous无水的AO atomic orbital原子轨(道)函数app．apparatus仪器，装置approx approximate(as an adjective)，approximately近似的，大概的approxn approximation近似法，概算aq．aqueous水的，含水的arom．aromatic芳族的as．asymmetric不对称的assoc．associate(s)缔合assocd associated缔合的assocn association缔合at．atomic(not atom)原子的atm atmosphere(s)，atmospheric大气压=1.01325×105帕ATP adenosine triphosphatae三磷酸腺苷酶at．wt．atomic weight原子量av．average(except as a verb)平均b．(followed by a figure denoting temperature)boils at，boiling at(similarlyb13，at1.3mm，pressure)沸腾(后面的数字表示温度，同样b13表示在13毫米压力下沸腾)bbl barrel桶[液体量度单位=163.5升(英国)，=119升(美国)]BCC．body-centred cubic立方体心BeV or GeV billion electronvolts10亿电子伏，吉电子伏，109电子伏BOD biochemical oxygen demand生化需氧量μB Bohr magneton玻尔磁子[物]b．p．boiling point沸点Btu British thermal unit(s)英热单位=1055.06焦Bu butyl(normal)丁基bu．bushel蒲式耳=36.368升(英)=35.238升(美)Bz benzoyl(not benzyl)苯甲酰BzH benzaldehyde苯(甲)醛BzOH benzoic acid苯甲酸C concentration浓度Cal．calorie(s)千卡，大卡=4186.8焦cal．卡=4.1868焦calc．calculate计算calcd calculated计算的calcg calculating计算calcn calculation计算CC cubic centimeter(s)立方厘米CD circurlar dichroism圆二色性(物)c．d．current density电流密度cf．参见compare比较cubic feet per minute立方英尺/分钟(1立方英尺=2.831685×10-2米3)chem．chemical(as an adjective)(not chemistry nor chemically)化学的Ci curie居里(放射单位)=3.7×1010贝可clin．clinical(ly)临床的cm centimeter(s)厘米CoA coenzyme A辅酶AC．O．D．chemical oxygen demand化学需氧量coeff．coefficient系数col．colour，coloration颜色com．commercial工业的，商业的，商品的comb．combustion燃烧compb．compound化合物，复合物compn．composition组成，成分conc．concentrate(as a verb)提浓，浓缩concd．concentrated浓的concg．concentrating浓缩(的) concn．concentration浓度cond conductivity导电率，传导性const．constant常数，常量contg containing包含，含有cor corrected校正的，改正的，正确的cp．constant pressure恒压C．P．Chemically pure化学纯的crit．critical临界的cryst．crystalline(not crystallize)结晶crystd crystallized使结晶crystg crystallizing结晶crystn crystallization结晶，结晶化cu．m．cubic meter(s)立方米Cv constant volume恒容d density密度(d13 相对于水在4℃时的比重；d2020相对于水在20℃时的比重)D Debye unit德拜单位，电偶极矩单位d．dextrorotatory右旋(不译)dl-外消旋(不译)d．c．direct current直流电decomp．decompose(s)分解decompd decomposed分解的decompg decomposing分解decompn decomposition分解degrdn degradation降解deriv．derivative衍生物，导数(数)det．determine 测定detd determined 测定的detg determining测定detn determination 测定diam．diameter直径dil．dilute稀释，冲淡dild diluted稀释的diltg diluting稀释diln dilution稀释diss．dissolves，dissolved溶解dissoc dissociate(s)离解dissocd．dissociated 离解的dissocn dissociation 离解dist．distil．distillation 蒸馏distd distilled蒸馏的distg distilling 蒸馏distn distillation蒸馏dl分升dm．decimeter(s)分米DMF dimetbylformamide二甲基甲酰胺DNase deoxyribonuclease脱氧核糖核酸酶d．p．degree of polymerization聚合度dpm disintegrations per minute分解量/分钟DTA differential thermal analysis 差热分析E．D．effective dose有效剂量EEG electroencephalogram脑电流描记术e．g．for example例如elec electric，electrical(not electrically)电的e．m．f．electromoctive force电动势e．m．u．electromagnetic unit电磁单位en．ethylenediamine(used in formulas only)乙二胺equil equilibrium(s)平衡equiv．equivalent当量，克当量esp．especially 特别，格外est．estimate(as a verb)估计estd estimated估计的estg estimating估计estn estimation估计Et ethyl乙基Et2O ethyl ether乙醚ηviscosity粘度eV electron volt(s)电子伏[特] evac．evacuated抽空的evap．evaporate蒸发evapd evaporated 蒸发的evapg evaporating蒸发evapn evaporation蒸发examd examined检验过的，试验过的examg examining检验，试验examn examination检验，试验expt．experiment(as a noun)实验exptl experimental实验的ext．extract提取物，萃，提取extd extracted提取的extg extracting提取extn extraction 提取F farad法[拉](电容)fcc face centered cubic面心立方体fermn fermentation发酵f．p．freezing point冰点，凝固点FSH follicle-stimulating hormone促卵泡激素ft．foot，feet 英尺=0.3048米ft-lb foot-pound 英尺磅=0.3048米×0.453592千克g.gram(s)克gal gallon加仑=4.546092升(英)=3.78543升(美) geol.geological地质的gr.grain(weight unit)谷(1谷=1/7000磅=0.64799克) h hour小时H henry亨[利]ha.hectare(s)公顷=6.451600×10-4米2homo-均匀-，单相h hour小时hyd.hydrolysis，hydrolysed水解Hz hertz(cycles/sec)赫[兹]，周/秒ID infective dose无效剂量in.inch(es)英寸=0.0254米inorg.incrganic无机的insol.insoluble不溶的IR infrared红外线irradn irradiation照射iso-Bu，isobutyl异丁基iso-Pr，isopropyl异丙基IU国际单位J joule焦[耳](能量单位)K kelvin开[尔文]，绝对温度Kcal.kilocalorie(s)千卡=418.6焦kg kilogram(s)千克kV kilovolt(s)千伏kV-amp.kilovolt-ampere(s)千伏安kW.kilowatt(s)千瓦kWh kilowatthour 千瓦小时=3.6×106焦l.liter(s)升boratory实验室lb pound(s)磅=0.453592千克LCAO linear combination of atomic orbitals原子轨道的线性组合LD Lethal dose致死剂量LH Luteinizing hormone促黄体发生激素liq.liquid液体，液态Lm lumen流明(光通量单位)LX lux勒[克斯](照度单位)m.meter(s)；also(followed by a figure denoting temperature)米，熔融(注明温度时)M.mega-(106)兆M molar(as applied to concn.)摩尔m.melts at，melting at熔融m molal摩尔的ma milliampere(s)毫安manuf.manufacture制造manufd manufactured制造的manufg.manufacturing制造math.mathematical数学的max maximum(s)最大值，最大的Me methyl(MeOH,methanol)甲基mech.mechanical机械的metab.metabolism新陈代谢m.e.v million electron volts兆电子伏mg milligram(s)毫克mi mile英里=1609.344米min minimun[also minute(s)]最小值，最小的min minute分钟misc miscellaneous其它mixt.mixture混合物ml milliliter(s)毫升mm millimeter(s)毫米nm millimicron(s)纳米MO molecular orbital分子轨道函数mol molecule，molecular分子，分子的mol.wt.molecular weight分子量m.p.melting point熔点mph miles per hour英里(=1609.344米)/小时μmicron(s)微米mV millivolt(s)毫伏N newton牛[顿](力的单位)N normal(as applied to concn.)当量(浓度)neg.negative(as an adjective)阴性的，负的no number号，数obsd observed观察，观测anic有机的oxidn oxidation氧化oz．ounce盎司(常衡=28.349523克)P．d．potential difference势差，电位差Pet．Et．petroleum ether石油醚Ph．phenyl苯基phys．physical物理的physiol．physiological生理学的p．m．post meridiem午后polymd polymerized聚合polymg polymerizing聚合ploymn polymerization聚合pos．positive(as an adjective)阳性的，正的powd．powdered粉末的，粉状的p．p.b．(ppb)parts per billion亿万分之(几) p.p.m．(ppm)parts per million百万分之(几) ppt．precipitate沉淀，沉淀物pptd．precipitated沉淀出的pptg．precipitating沉淀pptn precipitation沉淀Pr propyl (normal)丙基prac．practically实际上prep．prepare制备press．pressure压力prepd prepared制备的prepg preparing制备prepn preparation制备psi pounds per square inch磅/英寸2[=0.453592千克/(6．45100×10-4米2)]psia pounds per square inch alsolute磅/英寸2(绝对压力) pt pint品脱(=0.5682615升)purifn purification精制py pyridine(used only in formulas)吡啶qt．quality质量qual.qualitative(not qualitatively)定性的quant．quantitative(not quantitatively)定量的γ希文，消旋(不译)red．reduce，还原red reduction还原，减小ref．reference 参考文献rem roentgen equivalent man人体伦琴当量，雷姆rep roentgen equivalent physical物理伦琴当量repr.reproduction再生产，再生res.resolution分辨，分解，离析resp.respectively分别地rpm revolution per minute每分钟转数RNase ribonuclease核糖核酸酶sapon.saponification皂化sapond saponified皂化过的sapong saponifying皂化sat.saturate使饱和satd.saturated饱和的satg saturating饱和的satn.saturation饱和，饱和度sec second(s)秒，仲，第二的sep.separate分离sepd separated分离出的sepg separating分离的sepn separation分离sol.soluble可溶的soln solution溶液soly solubility(solys.for solubilities is not approved)可溶性，溶解度sp.gr.specific gravity比重sp.ht.specific heat比热sp.vol.specific volume比容std. standard标准suppl. supplement补篇sym. symmetrical对称的tech. technical技术的temp. temperature温度tert. Tertiary叔(指CH3…C(CH3)2—型烃基) thermodyn. Thermodynamics热力学titrn titration滴定unsym. unsymmetrical偏，不对称U. V. ultraviolet紫外线V volt(s)伏[特]vac.vacuun真空vapor vaporization汽化vol.volume (not volatile)体积vs versus对W.watt(s)瓦[特]wt.weight重量wk week星期。

青少年版入门级B新概念第一单元

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桃子
Is that your sister? Yes, it is.
No, it isn’t. That’s my brother.
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Is that your sister?
Yes, it is. That’s my sister.
No, it isn’t.
5.That's my cousin. Is that your cousin?
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桃子
1. yes is it , .
注意：
Yes, it is.
1.首字母大写
2.标点符号不能丢
2. is that my father 3无..检遗查漏题目给出的单词有 That is my father.
赫斯桃特子英语
*
Part D
teacher
She's my teacher.
我的
doctor He's the doctor.
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桃子
dancer He's the tall dancer.
个子高的
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nurse He's the nurse.
policeman
桃子
That’s my ...
cousin
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That’s my ...
uncle
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That’s my ...
mother
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That’s my ...
grandmother

小学上册第2次英语第5单元期末试卷

小学上册英语第5单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What do you call the feeling of being scared?A. JoyB. FearC. AngerD. Surprise2. A _______ (小狐狸) has a bushy tail and sharp senses.3.What is the name of the famous character known for his red hat and green jacket?A. The Cat in the HatB. WaldoC. The GrinchD. Peter Pan4.What is the name of the famous river in London?A. ThamesB. SeineC. DanubeD. RhineA5.What do we call the person who cuts hair?A. BakerB. BarberC. ButcherD. TailorB6.The _______ (小蜈蚣) crawls quickly through the grass.7.What do we call the process of making something from raw materials?A. RecyclingB. ManufacturingC. DistributingD. ShippingB8.What do we call the king or queen of a country?A. PresidentB. MonarchC. Prime MinisterD. GovernorB9.The _______ is the unit of force.10.I love taking ______ (照片) of beautiful landscapes. It helps me capture special moments.11.The __________ is a region of the Earth’s surface that is above sea level.12.My sister loves to write ____ (stories) in her journal.13.What do you call the process of water turning into vapor?A. CondensationB. EvaporationC. PrecipitationD. Filtration14.What is a black hole?A. A giant starB. A region of space with strong gravityC. A type of cometD. A planet15.My ________ (外婆) bakes the best cookies in the world.16.The _______ (Berlin Wall) was built to separate East and West Berlin.17.What do we call a person who plays sports?A. AthleteB. CoachC. RefereeD. Fan18.What do you use to see far away?A. BinocularsB. Magnifying glassC. MicroscopeD. TelescopeD19.My cousin is a ______. She loves to help animals.20.What do you call a baby cat?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CubD. ChickB21.I saw a ________ in the tree.22.My grandma gave me a _________ (手工制作的玩具) that is very special.23.I see a _______ (buffalo) in the field.24.Acids react with bases to form ________ and water.25.The _____ (景点) attracts many tourists.26.What color are bananas when they are ripe?A. RedB. YellowC. GreenD. Blue27. A _______ is a chemical process that breaks down organic material.28.We visit the ______ (文化展览) for inspiration.29.The first university in the world was established in ______ (摩洛哥).30.What do bees make?A. MilkB. HoneyC. SilkD. WaxB31. A __________ is formed by the cooling of lava.32. A ____(green belt) is a protected area around urban spaces.33.The ________ was a significant event in the history of global relations.34.The capital of Uzbekistan is __________.35.The __________ (历史的双重性) showcases complexity.36.She is wearing a ________ dress.37.In a chemical reaction, the concentration of reactants and products can affect the _____ of the reaction.38.How many continents are there?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight39.Photosynthesis allows plants to convert sunlight into ______ (能量).40.The capital of Egypt is __________.41.The chemical formula for europium(III) oxide is _____.42.What do we call the time when the sun sets?A. SunriseB. SunsetC. NoonD. MidnightB43.I have a ________ that glows in the dark.44.The cake is ________ with icing.45.In thermodynamics, the First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or _____.46.The ________ makes a lovely sound.47.What do you call a baby seal?A. PupB. CalfC. KitD. FryA48.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. SugarB. FlourC. SaltD. WaterB49.archipelago) of Hawaii is famous for its beaches. The ____50.What is the name of the traditional Japanese dish made with raw fish?A. SushiB. SashimiC. TempuraD. RamenA51.My dad _____ the car every Sunday. (washes)52.How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. TwoB. FourC. ThreeD. SixA53.The _______ (The Ottoman Empire) was a powerful empire that lasted for centuries.54.The chemical symbol for tungsten is ________.55.What is the capital of Argentina?A. SantiagoB. Buenos AiresC. LimaD. BogotáB56.My dad drives a ______ (car).57.The chemical symbol for thallium is ______.58.What is the primary function of leaves on a plant?A. To provide supportB. To absorb waterC. To make foodD. To store nutrientsC59.Which season comes after summer?A. WinterB. SpringC. FallD. NoneC60.What do you call a word that has the same meaning as another word?A. AntonymB. SynonymC. HomonymD. AdjectiveB61.What is the term for a young cat?A. KittenB. PupC. CubD. CalfA Kitten62.Which food do we get from cows?A. EggsB. MilkC. CheeseD. All of the above63.The _______ (Revolutions of 1848) swept across Europe demanding democratic reforms.64.What is the name of the famous festival held in Rio de Janeiro?A. OktoberfestB. CarnivalC. DiwaliD. Midsummer65.What do we call the device used to take pictures?A. CameraB. PhoneC. TabletD. ComputerA66.What is the first month of the year?A. JanuaryB. FebruaryC. MarchD. AprilA67.What do we call a young horse?A. FoalB. CalfC. KidD. PuppyA68.My brother is my adventurous _______ who loves to go on quests with me.69.The ________ (大洲) of Africa is very large.70.An asteroid belt is located between Mars and ______.71. A solution that contains dissolved salts is called a _______ solution.72.What do we call the process of a caterpillar turning into a butterfly?A. MetamorphosisB. EvolutionC. TransformationD. GrowthA73.The dog is ______ to the park. (going)74.I saw a ________ playing in the grass.75.The capital city of Liberia is __________.76.What do we call the tool we use to measure time?A. ScaleB. ClockC. RulerD. Thermometer77.Some plants can grow in very ______ soils.78.The __________ is a popular destination for families.79.My dad likes to _______ on weekends.80.Which animal is known as "man's best friend"?A. CatB. DogC. RabbitD. Parrot81.I like to _____ puzzles on rainy days. (do)82.My ________ (玩具名称) is a fun way to explore different stories.83.The __________ can reveal the geological history of a region.84.What is the name of the famous ancient structure in Greece?A. ColosseumB. ParthenonC. AcropolisD. PantheonB85.I enjoy painting with bright ______ (颜色) that bring joy to my artwork.86.What is 9 3?A. 5B. 6C. 4D. 7A87.The rabbit is very ______.88.I can ___ (balance) on one leg.89.What do we call the practice of raising animals for food?A. AgricultureB. HorticultureC. Animal husbandryD. ForestryC Animal husbandry90.My mom and I bake __________ together. (饼干)91.Some plants are _______ and can be eaten.92.What is the name of the famous river in China?A. YangtzeB. GangesC. AmazonD. Nile93.What is the shape of a soccer ball?A. SquareB. CircleC. TriangleD. OvalB94.The ____ is a gentle animal that enjoys being around children.95.I want to be an ________ (工程师) when I grow up.96.The first person to summit Mount Everest was _______ Hillary.97.The city of Pompeii was buried under _______. (火山灰)98.I enjoy playing ________ (运动) with my teammates.99.The rabbit's fur is very ________________ (柔软).100.ts are known for their ability to survive in ______ temperatures. (某些植物因其能在极端气温下生存而闻名。

大学英语四级单词修定

大学英语四级单词Aabandon离弃ability能力aboard在船上abroad到国外absence缺席absent 缺席的absolute十足的absorb吸收abstract抽象的abundant大量的abuse滥用academic学院的academy研究院，学会accelerate 加快accent口音acceptance接受access 通道accidental意外的accommodation住处accompany陪伴accomplish达到accord一致accordance和谐accordingly相应地account 描述accountant会计人员accumulate积累accuracy准确性accurate正确无误的accuse指控accustomed习惯于…的achievement 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一般地generate生成generator发电机generous慷慨的genius天才genuine 真的geometry几何学germ微生物gesture 姿势ghost 鬼魂giant巨人given规定的glimpse 瞥见global 全球的globe地球glorious光荣的glory 荣誉glove手套glow光亮glue 胶水golf 高尔夫球运动goodness 天哪govern统治governor州长grab 抓取grace 优美graceful优美的gradual逐渐的graduate 毕业生grain 谷物gram克gram me克grand 宏伟的grant拨款grape葡萄graph 图表grasp抓紧grateful 感激的gratitude感激grave 坟墓gravity 重力greedy贪婪的greenhouse温室grind 磨碎grip 紧握grocer食品杂货商gross总的growth 增长guarantee保证guidance指引guideline 指导方针guilty 内疚的guitar 吉他gulf海湾gum牙龈guy 家伙gymnasium健身房Hhalt停止ham 火腿hammer榔头handbag提包handful一把handle 处理handwriting 笔迹harbor 海港harden使变硬hardship 艰难hardware 硬件harm伤害harmony和谐harness 马具harsh 严厉的haste急速hatred 憎恶hay 干草hazard 危险heading标题headline大字标题headquarters总部heal 治愈heap大量hearing听力heave 提起hedge 树篱heel脚后跟helicopter直升机hell 地狱helpful 有益helpless无助的hen母鸡hence 因此herd 牧群heroic英雄的hesitate踌躇highlight 强调highly 高度地highway公路hint 暗示hip 臀部historic 历史上historical著名的hollow空的holy 神圣的honey 蜂蜜honorable 光荣的honorable 光荣的hook钩hopeful 有希望的hopeless 绝望的horizon 地平线horizontal 水平的horn 角horrible 可怕的horror 恐怖horsepower马力host 主人hostile 敌对的household 家庭housewife家庭主妇housing房屋humble 谦逊的humorous诙谐的humour 幽默hunt 猎取hut 小屋hydrogen氢Iice-cream 冰淇淋ideal 理想的identical 相同的identify鉴定identity 身份idle 懒散的ignorance 愚昧ignorant 无知的illegal 非法的illustrate说明illustration说明image形象imaginary 虚构的imagination想象力imitate模仿immense 广大的immigrant 移民impact影响impatient急躁的implement 履行implication 含意imply暗示import进口impose 把…强加于impress 留下印象impression印象impressiv给人印象深的improvement 改进incident 发生的事incline使倾斜increasingly日益incredible难以置信的independence 独立independent自主的index索引indicate 指示indication 表示indifferent冷漠的indirect间接的indispensable必需的individual 个别的indoor室内的industrial工业的industrialize 工业的industrializ使工业化inevitable必然的infant婴儿infect 传染infer 推论inference 结论inferior 次的infinite无穷的inflation 通货膨胀influence 影响influential 有影响的inform通知ingredient 成分inhabitant 居民inherit 继承initial最初的initiative 主动性injection注射injure伤害injury 损害inn 客栈inner内部的innocent清白的input 输入inquire 询问inquiry 调查insect 昆虫insert插入insight 洞悉inspect 检查inspire鼓舞install 设置installation 设置instance 例子instant即刻的instinct 本能institute 学会institution 制度instruct 命令instrument 仪器insult 侮辱insurance 保险insure保证integrate 使合并intellectual 智力的intelligence 智力intelligent聪明的intend 打算intense强烈的intensity剧烈intensive 加强的intention 意图interaction相互作用interfere 干涉interference干涉interior 内地intermediate 中间的internal 内部的internet因特网interpret 翻译interpretation 解释interrupt 打扰interval间隔interview 接见intimate 亲密introduction 介绍invade侵略invasion 侵犯invent 发明invention 发明invest投资investigate调查investment 投资invisible 无形的invitation邀请involve 包含inward 内心的isolate 使孤立issue问题Jjail 监狱jam 果酱jar罐子jaw 颌jazz 爵士乐jealous妒忌的jeans牛仔裤jet 喷气机jewel 宝石joint连接的journal杂志journalist 新闻记者judgment 看法judgment评价jungle丛林junior 年少的jury陪审团justice正义justify为…辩护Kkeen热心的kettle水壶keyboard 键盘kid 小孩kindergarten幼儿园kindness 亲切kingdom王国kneel 跪knot结Llab 实验室label标签laboratory实验室lad 小伙子lag 落后lamb小羊landlord地主landscape 风景lane 小巷lap膝上largely大部分laser 激光latter 后者laughter笑声launch发动laundry 洗衣店lavatory 厕所lawn草地layer 层次layout 布局leader 领袖leadership领导leading主要的leak泄露lean 倾斜leap跳动learned博学的learning 知识lease 契约leather皮革legal合法的legislation 法律leisure闲暇lemon柠檬树lens 透镜lest 惟恐liable 可能的liberal开明的liberate解放liberty 自由librarian 图书馆长licence许可证license许可证lick舔lid 盖子lightning闪电likely可能的likewise 同样的limb 肢，腿limitation限制limited有限的link联系liquid 液体liquor烈酒literary 文学的literature 文学作品liter升liver肝living-room 客厅loaf (一个)面包loan贷款lobby 休息室local 本地的locate 探明location位置lodge暂住log 木料logic 逻辑logical逻辑上的loop圈loose松的loosen放松lord君主lorry卡车lover情人lower 低等的loyal 忠诚的loyalty忠诚lucky幸运的luggage 行李lump肿快lung肺luxury 奢侈Mmachinery 机器magic魔术magnet磁铁magnetic磁的magnificent 宏伟的maid女仆mainland大陆maintain 维持maintenance 维修male男的management管理mankind 人类manner方式manual 用手的manufacture加工manufacturer 制造商margin差额marine 海军的married已婚marvelous 了不起的Marxist 马克思主义的massive 大块的mask面具mat 席子mate伙伴mathematical数学上的mature 成熟的maximum 最高的mayor市长means方法meantime 其间measurement测量法mechanic技工mechanical机械的mechanism机械装置medal 奖牌media新闻媒介medium中等的melt 使融化membership 会籍memorial纪念的merchant商人mercy 仁慈mere 仅仅的merry欢乐的mess凌乱状态metric 公制的microphone 麦克风microscope显微镜mild温和的military军事的mill 磨坊millimeter毫米millimeter毫米minimum最小的ministry (政府的)部minor较小的minority 少数minus 负数miracle 奇迹mirror镜子miserable痛苦的mislead 误解missile 导弹missing失踪的mission使命mist薄雾mister 先生misunderstand误解mixture混合mobile活动的mode 样式moderate中等的modest谦逊地modify修改moist 潮湿的moisture 潮湿molecule 分子monthly每月的monument纪念碑mood 心情moral 有道德的moreover而且mosquito蚊子mostly 大部分地motion 运动motivate激发motive动机mould 霉菌mount登上movie电影mud泥浆mug 大杯multiple 复合的multiply 使增加muscle肌肉museum 博物馆mushroom 蘑菇musician 音乐家mutual 中立的mysterious 神秘的mystery神秘myth神话Nnaval 海军的navigation 航海navy 海军necessarily必然necessity 必需品negative 否定的neglect 忽视negotiate 协商Negro 黑人neighborhood 邻居nephew 侄儿，外甥nerve 神经nest巢network 网状物neutral 中立的nevertheless仍然niece 侄女nightmare 噩梦nineteen 十九nitrogen氮nonsense废话noodle 面条normally 通常northeast东北的notebook笔记薄noticeable 显而易见的notify通知notion 观念noun名词novel小说nowhere任何地方都不nuclear核子的nucleus原子核nuisance 讨厌的人numerous众多的nursery托儿所nylon尼龙Oobjection 反对objective目标obligation义务oblige迫使observation 注意observe观察observer观察员obstacle 妨碍obtain 获得obvious明显的occasion时刻occasional 偶尔的occupation职业occupy 占领occurrence事件odd古怪的offence 犯规offend冒犯offense 进攻offensive 冒犯的omit 省略onion洋葱opening口子opera 歌剧operational运转的operator 话务员opponent对手opportunity 机会oppose 反抗optical光的optimistic乐观的option 选择optional 非强制的oral口头的orbit轨道orchestra 管弦乐队orderly 整齐的ore矿石organ 器官organic 有机的organism生物organization组织organize 组织origin起源original起初的ounce 盎司outcome 结果outer外表的outlet出路outline 提纲outlook 观点output产量outset开端outstanding 突出的outward 向外的oval椭圆形oven烤箱overall 总体的overcome 克服overhead在头顶上overlook忽视overnight 整夜里overseas 在海外overtake追上owing应付的owner 物主ownership 所有制oxygen 氧气Ppace节奏package包裹pad衬垫painful疼痛的painter画家palm手掌panel面，板panic恐慌pants长裤parade检阅paragraph段落parallel相似处parcel小包parliament议会partial部分的participate参与particle微粒particularly特别partner配偶passion激情passive被动的passport护照paste浆糊pat轻拍patch补丁patience耐心paw爪子payment付款pea豌豆peach桃树peak顶点peculiar古怪的peer同龄人penalty惩罚penetrate渗入pension养老金pepper胡椒per每perceive感知percentage百分比perception感知performance表演permanent固定的permission允许persist执意personality个性personnel员工perspective视角pessimistic悲观的petrol汽油petroleum石油phase 阶段phenomenon迹象philosopher哲人philosophy哲学phone电话phrase短语physical身体的physician内科医生physicist物理学家pierce刺穿pigeon鸽子pill药丸pillar支柱pillow枕头pinch捏pine松树pint品脱pit地洞pitch球场planet行星plantation种植园plastic塑料platform平台pledge保证plentiful丰富的plot故事情节plug插头plunge猛冲plural复数plus加上poetry诗歌poison毒药poisonous有毒的policy政策polish擦亮politician政治家politics政治poll民意测验pollute污染pollution污染物pond池塘pop发生portable轻便的porter看门人portion一部分portrait肖像pose造成positive确实的possess拥有possibility可能性postage邮资poster海报postman邮递员postpone推迟potential潜在的poverty贫穷powder粉末powerful强大的practically几乎pray祈祷prayer祷告precaution预防preceding在先的precise精确的precision精确度predict预言preface序言preferable更好的preference喜爱pregnant妊娠的prejudice偏见preliminary预备的preparation准备preposition介词prescribe开药presence出席presentation提供presently不久preserve保护pressure压力presumably大概prevail流行previous以前的priest神父primarily首先primary主要的prime主要的primitive原始的prince王子princess公主principal首要的principle原则prior优先的priority优先private私人的privilege特权probable大概的procedure程序proceed进行process过程procession队伍product产品profession职业professional职业的profile轮廓profit利润progressive进步的prohibit禁止project方案prominent杰出的promote促进prompt推动pronoun代词proof证据property财产proportion比例proportional成比例的proposal建议propose提议prospect前景prosperity繁荣prosperous繁荣的protection保护protective保护的protein蛋白质protest抗议provided假如province省provision供应provoke激怒psychological心理的pub酒吧publication出版publicity名声publish出版pulse脉搏pump泵punch猛击punctual准时的purchase购买purple紫的purse钱包pursue继续puzzle使迷惑Qqualification 资格qualify使胜任queue行列quit放弃quiz 智力竞赛quotation引文quote引用Rrabbit 兔子racial种族的rack搁架radar雷达radiation 放射物radical根本的rag 破布rage 狂怒raid 袭击rail栏杆railroad铁路railway 铁路rainbow虹rainy 下雨的rally集会range 一系列rank 军衔rare 稀有的rarely 难得rat鼠rate 速度ratio比率rational 理智的raw未加工的react 反应reaction 反作用reader 读者readily欣然地reading 阅读realistic 现实地reality 实际realm领域rear 尾部reasonable讲道理的rebel 反对者recall回忆起receipt 发票receiver 听筒recently 最近reception招待会recession衰退reckon 认为recognition识别recognize认出recommend 推荐recommendation推荐信recorder 录音机recovery恢复recreation 消遣recruit 招募reduction减少reference 提到refine 精练reflect 反映reflection映像reform 改革refresh 使恢复refugee 活力refusal 难民拒绝regarding 关于regardless 无论如何region 地区register登记regulate 控制regulation 规章reinforce 增强reject拒绝relate 有关联relationship 关系relativity 相对论relax放松release 释放relevant 有关的reliable 可靠的relief宽慰relieve 使轻松religion宗教religious 宗教的reluctant勉强的rely 依赖remark评论说remarkable值得注意的remedy补救办法remote 遥远的removal消除render 致使renew继续rent 租借repeatedly 再三地repetition 重复replace代替replacement 取代reporter记者represent 象征representative代理人reproduce 复制republican共和政体的reputation 名气requirement 要求rescue 营救resemble 类似于reservation预定reserve保存reservoir 水库residence 住宅resident 居民resign辞职resist 抵抗resistance 抵制resistant 抵抗的resolution决议resolve 解决resort 求助resource 资源respective各自的respectively 各自地respond 回答response 答复responsibility责任心responsible有责任感的restless 焦躁不安的restore 恢复restrain阻止restraint 抑制restrict 约束resume 继续retail零售retain 保留retire 退休retreat 撤退reveal揭露revenue 收益reverse 撤消revise 修订revolt反叛revolutionary 革命reward报答rhythm 韵律rib肋骨ribbon 缎带rid使摆脱ridge 山脊ridiculous荒谬的rifle 步枪rigid 严格的riot 骚乱risk危险rival 敌手roar 吼叫roast 烤rob抢劫robot 机器人rocket火箭rod棒roller 滚筒romantic 浪漫的rope 绳索rotate 使旋转rouse 唤醒route 路线routine 惯例royal王室的rub摩擦rude 粗鲁的rug 小地毯rumour传闻rural 农村的rust 铁锈Ssack 麻袋sacrifice牺牲saddle 鞍sailor水手saint 圣徒sake 缘故salad 色拉salary薪水salesman 推销员sample 样品sanction 批准satellite卫星satisfactory令人满意的sauce 佐料saucer 碟子sausage香肠saving 节约saw锯scale 规模scan审视scandal 丑闻scarce 不足的scarcely 简直不scare惊恐scatter 撒播scenery 风景schedule 时间表scheme计划scholar 学者scholarship奖学金scissors 剪刀scope范围scout 侦察员scrape刮scratch 抓screen屏幕screw 可靠的script 螺丝剧本seal 封条secondary次要的section 部分sector 部门secure 可靠的security保障segment 断片select选择selection挑选selfish自私的semester 学期semiconductor半导体seminar研讨会senate参议院senator 参议院senior较高的sensible明智的sensitive敏感的sequence 连续series 一系列session会议setting环境settlement 解决seventeen十七seventy七十severe严重的sexual 两性的shallow浅薄的shave修面shed脱落sheer 完全的shell 贝壳shelter 躲避处shield 护罩shift 移动shiver 战栗shortage 不足shortcoming 缺点shortly 立刻shrink起皱shrug耸肩sideways 从一边sigh叹息sightseeing观光signal信号signature签名significance 意义significant 相当数量的similarly 类似地similarly 简单simplify 简化sin罪孽sincere 诚挚地singular 单数的site位置sixteen 十六sixty 六十skate 冰鞋sketch 略图ski 滑雪板skilled熟练的skillful 灵巧的skim掠过slam砰地关上slap拍sleeve 袖子slender 苗条的slice切片slide使下滑slight 轻微的slim薄的slip 滑落slippery滑的slope 斜坡smash粉碎snap喀嚓折断soak 浸泡soar 剧增so-called所谓的soccer足球social 社会的soda汽水sofa 沙发software软件solar 太阳的sole单独的solemn 严肃的solution解决solve 解决somehow 用某个方法sometime将来某个时候somewhat稍微sophisticated老练的sore 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连续successive连续的suck吸sufficient足够的suggestion建议suicide自杀sum总数summarise概括summarize概括summary摘要summit最高点sunlight阳光sunrise拂晓sunset 日落sunshine日照superb 高质量的superficial 肤浅的superior 上级的supermarket超市supplement补充supreme 最高的surgery外科surplus过剩surrender 投降surround 包围surroundings环境survey 调查survival 幸存survive 调查活下来suspect推测suspend暂停suspicion怀疑sustain 保持swallow 吞sway摇摆swear诅咒sweat 流汗sweater 羊毛套衫swell膨胀swift迅速的swing 使摇摆switch 转换sword剑symbol符号sympathetic 同情sympathize 怜悯sympathy同情symptom 症状synthetic人造的system体系systematic 系统化的Ttackle对付tag标签talent才能tame 驯服的tank油箱target 目标tax税technician 技师technology工艺tedious乏味的teenager青少年telescope 望远镜temper 磨练，脾气temple 庙宇temporary 临时的temptationtend往往是tendency趋势tender嫩的tense紧张的tension紧张状态terminal晚期的territory领土terror恐怖textbook课本textile纺织品theme主题theoretical理论上的Theory理论therapy理疗thereby 因此thermometer温度计Thirst干渴thorough彻底的thoughtful沉思的threat威胁Threaten恐吓thrive兴旺throat咽喉thrust挤Thumb拇指thunder雷声tide 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在印度的不同地区

Fill in the blanks with the above words: (angel, devil, soul)
soul The (1) __________ is the spirit inside someone’s body. It can suffer if it is in a bad person, but we also use it to talk about our mood and feelings angel in general. The word (2) __________ means a messenger or helper from God, but it is also used to describe a sweet or very good person. The devil (3) __________ is the opposite of goodness and represents evil. We can also use the word to describe a naughty child.
They sat at opposite ends of the table (to/from each other), refusing to talk.
preposition in a position facing someone or something but on the other side:
1. worship: verb -pp- or US ALSO -p<1> [T] to have or show a strong feeling of respect and admiration for God or a god: 在印度的不同地区, 印度教徒信仰不同的神, 遵守不同的宗教节日。 In the various regions of India, Hindus worship different gods and observe different religious festivals.

四级大纲全部词汇

四级大纲全部词汇(共4081个，无音标无中文注释)A,anAbandonAbilityAbleAboardAboutAboveabove allAbroadAbsenceAbsentAbsoluteAbsolutelyAbsorbAbstractAbundantAbuseAcademicAcademyAccelerateAccentAcceptAcceptableAcceptanceAccessAccidentAccidentalAccommodationAccompanyAccomplishAccordanceAccordingAccordinglyAccountAccumulateAccuracyAccurateAccuseAccustomAccustomedAcheAchieveAchievement Acid Acknowledge Acquaintance AcquireAcreAcrossActActionActive ActivityActor Actress Actual ActuallyAdADAdaptAdd Addition Additional Address Adequate Adjective Adjust Administration Admire Admission AdmitAdoptAdult Advance Advanced Advantage Adventure Adverb Advertisement Advice Advisable Advise Aeroplane AffairAffect AffectionAfford Afraid Africa African After Afternoon Afterward Again Against Age Agency Agent Aggressive Ago Agree Agreement Agriculture AheadAidAimAir Aircraft Airline Airplane Airport Alarm Alcohol Alike AliveAllAllow Alloy Almost Alone Along Aloud Alphabet Already AlsoAlter Alternative Although Altitude AltogetherAlways A. 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BoxBoxBoy Brain Brake Branch Brand Brass Brave Bread Breadth Break Breakfast Breast Breath Breathe Breed BreezeBride Bridegroom BridgeBriefBright Brighten Brilliant BringBritish Broad Broadcast Broken Brother BrowBrown Brush Bubble Bucket Build Building BulbBulkBullet Bundle Burden Bureau BurnBurstBuryBusBush Business BusyButButter ButtonBuyByC=centigrade Cabbage Cabin Cabinet CableCage Cake Calculate Calculation Calendar CallCalm Camel Camera Camp Campaign Campus CanCan Canada Canadian Canal Cancel Cancer Candidate Candle Cap Capable Capacity Capital Captain Capture Car Carbon Card Care Career Careful Careless Cargo Carpenter Carpet Carriage Carrier CarryCartCase CaseCassetteCastCastleCasualCatCatalog(ue) CatchCattleCauseCaveCeaseCeiling CelebrateCellCementCent Centimeter(-tre) Central Centre(-tre) Century Ceremony Certain Certainly Certainty Certificate ChainChair Chairman Chalk Challenge Chamber Champion Chance Change Channel Chapter Character Characteristic 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Complicate ComplicatedCompose Composition Compound Comprehension Comprehensive Compress Comprise Compromise Compute Computer Conceal Concentrate Concentration Concept Concern Concerning Concert Conclude Conclusion Concrete Condemn Condense Condemn Condense Condition Conduct Conduction Conductor Conference Confess Confidence Confident ConfineConfirmConflictConfuse Congratulate Congratulation Congress Conjunction Connect Connection(-exion) ConquerConscience Conscious Consciousness Consent Consequence Consequently Conservation Conservative Consider Considerable Considerate Consideration Consist Consistent Constant Constitute Constitution Construct Construction Consult Consume Consumption Contact Contain Container Contemporary Content Content Contest Continent Continual Continue Continuous Contract Contract Contradiction Contrary Contrast Contribute Control Convenience Convenient ConventionConventional Conversation Converse Converse Conversion Convert Convey Convince CookCool Cooperate Coordinate Cope CopperCopyCordCoreCornCorner Corporation Correct Correction Correspond Correspondent Corresponding CorridorCostCostly Cottage Cotton CoughCould Council Count Counter Country Countryside County Couple Courage CourseCourtCousinCoverCow Crack Craft Crane Crash Crawl Crazy Cream Create Creative Creature Credit Creep Crew Crime Criminal Crisis Critic Critical Criticism Criticize Crop Cross Crowd Crown Crude Cruel Crush Crust Cry Crystal Cube Cubic Cultivate Culture Cup Cupboard Cure Curiosity Curious Current Curse Curtain CurveCustom Customer CutCycle Daily Dairy Dam Damage Damp Dance Danger Dangerous Dare Dark Darling Dash Data Date Datum Daughter Dawn Day Daylight Dead Deadly DeafDeal Dear Debate Debt Debate Debt Decade Decay Deceive December Decide Decision Deck Declare Decorate Decrease DeduceDeepDeer Defeat Defect Defence Defend Define Definitely Definition Degree Delay Delegation Delete Delicate Delicious Delight Deliver Delivery Demand Democracy Democratic Demonstrate 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HandyHangHappenHappyHarbo(u)rHardHardenHardly Hardship HardwareHarmHarmony HarnessHarshHarvestHasteHatHateHatredHaveHayHazardHeHead Headache Heading Headline HeadquartersHealthy Heap Hear Heart Heat Heaven Heaven Heavy Hedge Heel Height Helicopter Hell Hello Help Helper Helpful Helpless Hen Hence HerHerd Here Hero Heroic Hers Herself Hesitate HiHide High Highly Highway Hill Hillside Him Himself Hinge HintHireHis Historical HistoryHitHobby HoldHole Holiday Hollow Holy Home Honest Honey Hono(u)r Honorable Hook Hope Hopeful Hopeless Horizon Horizontal Horn Horror Horse Horsepower Hospital Host HostileHotHotelHour House Household Housewife How However Huge Human Humble Humo(u)r Humorous Hundred Hunger Hungry HuntHurryHurtHut Hydrogen IceIce-cream IdeaIdeal Identical Identify IdiomIdleIfIgnorant IgnoreIllIllegal Illness Illustrate Illustration Image Imaginary Imagination Imagine Imitate Immediate Immense Immigrant Impact Impatient Implication Imply Import Importance Important Impose 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初学英语最易混淆的17组英语单词

小学英语最易混淆的17组英语单词1.beside / besidesbeside: preposition meaning 'next to', 'at the side of'介词，意为“紧挨着”“在······旁边”。

Examples:I sit beside John in class.上课时我坐在约翰旁边。

Could you get me that book? It's beside the lamp.你能把那本书给我吗？它就放在灯的旁边。

besides: adverb meaning 'also', 'as well'; preposition meaning 'in addition to'副词，意为“也”“同样地”；做介词时意为“除此之外”。

Examples:(adverb) He's responsible for sales, and a lot more besides.（副词）他负责销售，以及其他许多事。

(preposition) Besides tennis, I play soccer and basketball.（介词）除了网球，我还喜欢足球和篮球。

2.clothes / clothsclothes: something you wear - jeans, shirts, blouses, etc.你穿的衣物，如牛仔裤、衬衫、上衣等。

Examples:Just a moment, let me change my clothes.等一会儿，让我先换个衣服。

Tommy, get your clothes on!汤米，把你的衣服穿好！cloths: pieces of material used for cleaning or other purposes. 用来做清洁或其他用途的材料。

小赛达阅读中常见的类比词5

SSAT阅读中常见的类比词5小马过河为大家准备了“SSAT阅读中常见的类比词5”，供各位备考SSAT的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267apocalyptic:prophetic=inconsequential:illogical 启示录的:预言的=不符合逻辑的:不符合逻辑的(同义关系)apologist:defend=anarchist:rebel 辩护者:辩护=无政府主义者:反叛(人物及其特征行为)apologize:contrite=compliment:impressed 道歉:后悔的=称赞:留下好印象的(动作及其表示感情) apology:regret=gibe:derision 道歉:后悔=嘲笑:嘲笑(动作与表达的心理)apophasis:claim=caprice:deliberate 故抑其词，以求婉达:表述=善变:深思熟虑(反义关系)apophasis:claim=oxymoron:paradox 故抑其词，以求婉达:表述=矛盾修饰法:矛盾的话(种属关系) apoplectic:angry=emaciated:thin 狂怒的:发怒=消瘦的:瘦(程度类比)apoplectic:calm=callow:mature 狂怒的:平静的=幼稚:成熟(反义关系)apoplectic:calmness=callow:mature 生气的:平静=不成熟的:成熟(形容词与名词的反义关系) 13楼apostasy:faith=recantation:heresy 变节:忠实=改变信仰:异端邪说(行为及其反面特征)apostrophes:word=ellipsis:sentence 表示省略的撇号:词=省略号:句子(语言符号及其所包涵的意义)apothecary:medicine=butcher:meat 药剂师:药=屠夫:肉(人物及其工作对象)apple:skin=melon:rind 苹果:苹果皮=西瓜:西瓜皮(事物及其外皮)appoint:official=cast:actor 任命:官员=分配戏剧角色:演员(动宾关系)apprehension:terror=affection:adoration 忧惧:恐怖=喜爱:崇拜(程度类比)apprise:information=admonish:warning 通知:信息=警告:警告(动词与名词的同义关系)apron:protected=lamp:illuminate 围裙:保护=灯:照明(工具及其作用)aquatic:water=arboreal:trees 水的:水=乔木的:树(正面关系)aqueduct:water=pipeline:gas=vessel:blood 水渠:水=导气管:气体=脉管:血(物质及其传输方式) arbitrator:disputants=judge:litigants 仲裁人:争论者=法官:诉讼当事人(调节关系)arbor:shelter=hedgerow:fence 树荫:掩蔽处=灌木篱墙:围墙(种属关系)arboreal:tree=aquatic:water 树的:树=水的:水(名词及其形容词)arboreal:trees=sidereal:stars 树的:树=恒星的:恒星(形容词及其名词)arboretum:trees=aviary:birds 植物园:树=鸟舍:鸟(生物及其生存场所)archipelago:islands=bouquet:flowers 群岛:岛=花束:花(组成关系)archive:manuscript=arsenal:weapon 文件储存室:手稿=军械库:兵器(事物及其储存地)archive:records=museum:artifacts 文件储存室:记录=博物馆:史前古器物(事物及其储存地) armada:vehicles=fusillade:projectiles 舰队:舰只=火炮齐射:炮弹(多与少的关系)array:numbers=formation:soldiers 矩阵:数字=方阵:士兵(填放关系)arrhythmic:regularity=apathetic:concern 无节奏的:规律=无感情的:关心(反义关系)arrogance:defer=lassitude:stir 傲慢:服从=疲倦:激起(人物特征及其反面行为)artery:plaque=channel:silt 动脉:血小板=河道:淤泥(阻塞关系)article:byline=movie:credits 文章:报刊文章首行=电影:字幕(事物及其特殊部分)articulate:speech=graceful:movement 清楚的:语言=优雅的:动作(修饰关系)articulate:unclear=elaborate:sketchy 清楚的:不清楚的=精细的:概略的(反义关系)artlessness:guile=dabbler:dedication 天真:诡计=业余学者:奉献(人物及其反面特征)ascetic:luxury=teetotaler:alcohol 苦行主义者:奢华=禁酒主义者:酒(消除关系)ascetic:self denial=busybody:intrusive 修道者:禁欲，克己=好管闲事的人:打扰的(人物及其正面特征)ascetic:self denial=busybody:intrusiveness 自制的:自制=好管闲事的:介入(正面特征)来源于：小马过河。

探讨思维可视化的高中英语读写教学应用

探讨思维可视化的高中英语读写教学应用姚友气（福建省安溪第六中学福建安溪362400）摘要：在当今时代发展的浪潮中，英语显得尤为重要，无论是在学习中，或者是在工作中，亦或者是对于生活方面，都发挥着不可替代的作用。

在高中英语读写教学中，教师们通常采用传统的教学方法，以领读和听写为主要教学内容，将知识大量灌输给学生们，让他们统统接受，而不去深究为什么要学习这些知识，在培养学生思维能力和理解能力方面有所欠缺。

而现在，出现了思维可视化教学模式，能够有效解决以上问题。

本文首先介绍设计思维可视化教学模式的特点，阐述高中英语读写教学中采用思维可视化的意义，最后分析如何推进思维可视化在高中英语读写教学中的应用，为高中英语读写教学提供更多借鉴和参考。

关键词：高中英语；思维可视化；借鉴和参考中图分类号：G633.41文献标识码：B文章编号：1672-1578（2021)03-0117-02在以往的高中英语读写教学中，教师们首先会领读相关的英语单词或者句子，让同学们跟着她多加阅读，以此来提高同学们对于单词读法的熟练和掌握技巧；在阅读完毕后，教师们会布置英语单词和句子抄写的作业，让他们在抄写的过程中逐渐记住单词和句子的写法；最后会统一进行单词、句子以及语法知识的听写，让同学们加强知识的巩固。

这样传统的教学方式固然有效，但是实际上同学们可以吸收理解多少知识内容也不得而知。

如果采用思维可视化的教学模式，会帮助教师们转变教学理念，设计更加合理的教学方案，让同学们更加深入理解知识点内容，提高学习效率，从而更加喜爱高中英语的学习。

1设计思维可视化教学模式的特点1.1目的性在设计思维可视化教学模式时，应该具有明确的目标，针对自己的目标，有选择性的去设计教学方案。

教师在设计高中英语读写教学方案时，必须明确这节课应该让学生掌握哪一部分的内容，然后只针对这一部分来设计合理的方案。

例如，在高中英语教材必修一的unit1Lifestyles中，需要学生掌握相关lifestyle的重点词汇，教师们可以根据这些重点词汇，根据词根词缀以及它们的不同词性，引申出其形容词、名词、动词等更多词汇，设计出相关的思维导图，让他们根据这些思维导图进行阅读，丰富学生的词汇量，在掌握好词汇后可以将其运用在英语写作中去，为自己的作文进行点缀提分。

OPPOSITE ADJECTIVES

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Let’s play a game !
Teacher uses pictures cards of objectives, animals and people that we have already prepared. Let a student pick a card, name it, for example: a chicken, and have students say a sentence about it using any of the opposite adjectives. For example, it’s small. it’s young. Continue in the same way, picking different cards and eliciting different descriptions. Make sure students use the correct pronouns. For example, They ‘re big. He is happy.
OPPOSITE ADumpty Dumpty
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the king's horses, And all the king's men, Couldn't put Humpty together again.
Let’s read !
Pair work:
Let´s practise:
What’s the opposite of the number ___?