Oil generation

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石油英语勘探词汇

石油英语准确表达（基本摘自石油科普文章）generation of oil and gas n. 油气的产生deposition n. 沉积作用沉积物同义词 sediment subside v. 下沉沉降lagoon n.泻湖marsh n.湿地, 沼泽, 沼泽地同义词swampinland adj.内陆的, adv.在内地, 向内地n.内地decay vi. 腐烂, n.腐朽, 腐烂,v.衰落regional tectonic forces 区域构造力complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的n.联合体mixture of hydrocarbons 烃类混合物overlying rocks 上覆岩石======overlying sediments seep v.渗出, 渗漏同义词 ooze n.油苗 show 是油气显示fissure n.裂缝, 裂沟, v.(使)裂开, (使)分裂accumulation 聚集rock grains 岩石颗粒pools of tar 焦油池trap 圈闭migration n.运移impermeable adj. 不渗透的 ===imperviousoilman 石油商sedimentary rocks 沉积岩porosity 孔隙度 pemeability 渗透率volume 体积cavity 洞 =====pore 小孔collect v. 收集、聚集density 密度dissipate v. 消散vertical cross-section 垂直剖面cover bed 盖层 cap rock 盖岩reservoir rock 储集层spill point 溢出点diagram 图表（很常用）two-dimensional 二维的 the third dimension 三维contour 等高线 closing contour 闭合等高线amount of closure 闭合高度area 面积地区thickness 厚度fault trap 断层圈闭fault 断层、错位against 反衬，既不同方向又相连parallel 平行的，平行线fold n.褶皱vt.折叠,vi.折叠起来,pinch-out 尖灭 = wedge out 尖灭salt dome 盐丘flow v. 流动bow up 弯seal off 把。

石油发展的英语作文带翻译

1. The Importance of the Oil Ind Nhomakorabeastry:
The oil industry is a major contributor to economic growth and development. It fuels transportation systems, powers industrial machinery, and is used as a raw material for various products. In addition, the oil industry provides employment opportunities and generates significant revenue for governments through taxes and royalties. For example, in SaudiArabia, oil accounts for around 90% of the government's revenue.
石油发展的英语作文带翻译
Title: The Development of the Oil Industry
Introduction:
The oil industry plays a crucial role in the global economy as it provides energy for various sectors such as transportation, manufacturing, and agriculture. This essay aims to explore the development of the oil industry, including its impact on the economy and the environment, as well as potential future trends. Several case studies will be presented to illustrate the challenges and opportunities in oil production.

石油词汇

一，Petroleum reservoir 油气藏1.1Generation of oil ang gas 油气生成Pool of tar焦油池Sedimentary rocks 沉积岩Porosity 孔隙度Permeability 渗透率Reservoir rock储油岩层1.2Petroleum traps 油气圈闭A trap is the place where oil and gas barred from further movement. Geologists have classified them into two basic types: structural traps (构造圈闭) and stratigraphic traps（底层圈闭）. Pay 产油层Petroleum-water contact 油气接触面Well logging 测井Well testing 试井Petroleum-bearing formation 含油层gas cap 气顶1.3 reserves 开采Condensate 凝析油Crude oil 原油Seal rock 盖层Overall recovery 总采收量Primary recovery 一次采油Secondary recovery 二次采油Development drilling 开发钻井Well bore 井眼Depositional system 沉积体系Residual oil saturation 残余油饱和度Recompletion 二次完井Oil-filtrate mud 油气泥浆二．Petroleum exploration 油气勘探Petroleum geology 石油地质学kerogen 干酪根1.2 methodMagnetism survey 磁力勘探Gravity survey 重力勘探Seismic survey 地震勘探三、oil and gas well engineering油气井工程1.1 power system 动力系统Natural gas 天然气Liquefied gas 液化气Spark plug 火花塞1.2kelly 钻杆Bit 钻头Drill collar 钻铤Oil patch 油田Drag bit 刮刀钻头Rolling cutter rock bit 牙轮钻头Diamond bit 金刚石钻头Viscosity 粘度Displacement fluid 驱顶液Oil sand 油砂四、oil production engineering油气开发工程Recovery method 开采方法Water driveSolution gas drive 溶解气驱Gas cap drive 气顶驱Gravity drainage 重力泄油In situ combustion 火烧油层Sucker rod 抽油杆Beam pumping system 游梁抽油系统Horse’s head 驴头Stroke 冲程Sand face pressure 井底流压Productivity index（PI）采油指数Nipple 喷嘴五、petroleum storage and transportation 油气储运Water-in-oil type 油包水型Clean oil 净化油Dew point 露点Product pipeline 成品油管道Crude trunk line 原油管道Refinery 炼油厂Flowing line 自喷油Lease 油矿区Tank farm 油罐区Storage terminal 储油库Aviation gasoline 航空汽油Home heating oil 家用燃料油liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)液化石油气六、petrochemical industry石油化工1. evaporation and distillation蒸发与蒸馏2. crystallization and extraction 结晶与萃取3.primary refining and secondary refining 粗炼与精炼4.thermal cracking and catalytic cracking 热裂化和催化裂化motor spirits 汽油kerosene 煤油diesel oil 柴油lubricating oils 润滑油refinery gases 炼厂油waxs 蜡bitumen 沥青。

石油地质名词解释4

⽯油地质名词解释41.301 ⽣油门限深度 Threshold depth of oil generation⽣油岩开始⼤量⽣成⽯油时被埋藏的深度。

简称“门限深度”或“深度门限值”。

同义词：成油门限温度 Threshold depth of oil generation有机质成熟温度 Mature depth of organic matter成熟门限深度 Mature threshold depth注：对于同⼀⽣油岩(层)来说，⽣油门限温度和⽣油门限深度是相对应的，可以相互换算。

1.302 液态窗 Liquid window液态⽯油烃类能够⼤量形成并保存的温度或深度区间。

同义词：⽣油窗 Generative window1.303 古地温 Ancient geotherm在地质历史上的地⾯和地层中的温度。

1.304 地温梯度 Geothermal gradient在地表外热层及常温层以下，地温随深度增加⽽增⾼的变化率(/⽶)。

通常以/10⽶表⽰。

同义词：地热增温率。

Geothermal degree1.305 温度深度曲线 Temperature-depth curve指在研究有机质的热演化时⽤于表⽰其温度与埋藏深度之间相互关系的曲线图。

1.306 镜质体反射率 Vitrinite reflectance从煤⽥地质学引⼊的⼀个术语，意指有机质在热演化过程中，由于其结构发⽣缩聚也产⽣与煤岩镜质体相似的性质，亦对⼊射光具有反射的能⼒。

仍以Ro％表⽰。

1.307 煤阶 Coal rank指根据可燃基挥发分(Vt)、煤中碳的含量(Ct)和镜质体反射(Ro)等主要指标将煤划分成不同的等级。

是研究煤化作⽤和有机质成熟作⽤的重要参数。

1.308 泥煤 Peat coal⾼等植物残体在沼泽中经过以⽣物化学作⽤为主⽽形成的⼀种松软有机堆积物。

同义词：泥炭 Slurry coal草炭 Grass coal1.309 褐煤 Brown coal，Lignite泥炭经成岩作⽤形成的⼀种腐植煤，是⼀种煤化程度最低的煤。

Bakken低孔低渗页岩油藏之勘探与开发

一、概况Bakken页岩位于Williston盆地，面积约51.8万平方公里，横跨美国和加拿大，在美国北达科他州、蒙大拿州和加拿大的马尼托巴省、萨斯喀彻温省均有分布（图一）。

据美国地质调查局于2008年估计，Bakken页岩的原始地质储量为3000亿桶，可采储量为36.5亿桶的原油外加1.85 TCFG的溶解气。

图一Williston盆地和Bakken页岩位置图Williston盆地是美国陆上最大的内克拉通沉积盆地。

该盆地的形状呈半圆形，盆地内主要构造有Nesson背斜、Billings背斜和Cedar Creek等背斜。

从寒武纪到第四纪该盆地均接受沉积，盆地的最大沉积厚度大于4573米（15000英尺）。

该盆地的油气勘探开发活动从1953年Antelope油田的发现而开始。

Bakken页岩为Williston盆地重要的烃源岩。

在Williston盆地，Bakken地层的最大厚度约为44米（145英尺），属上泥盆系到下密西西比系沉积；从下到上可以划分为三个段：下Bakken段；中Bakken岩性多变段；上Bakken 页岩段（图二）。

上、下Bakken页岩段在整个盆地岩性比较均一，由灰黑色、坚硬的、含硅质和钙质及黄铁矿的黑色有机质、粘土、泥粒大小的石英颗粒和部分方解石及白云石组成，有机质含量丰富，为Bakken页岩的烃源岩。

但在上Bakken段中，缺少灰岩和绿灰色泥岩小层。

中Bakken段在垂向上岩性多变，由泥质白云岩或灰岩及砂岩组成。

图二Bakken及其邻近地层的地层柱状图二、勘探开发历程Stanolind石油公司于1953年在北达科他州Antelope油田的Woodrow Starr 1号井在Bakken 层中发现石油，这口井本来打算开发Madison地层，但是在目的层中没有发现油气。

该井在Bakken页岩层中的初始产量为536桶每天，基本不含水。

但随后对Bakken层的滚动勘探却不甚成功，到1956年，Northern Pump公司的Ella Many Ribs 1号井才又在Bakken层发现石油，产量为320桶每天。

石油天然气英语作文

石油天然气英语作文标题，The Role of Oil and Natural Gas in the Modern World。

In the modern world, oil and natural gas play pivotal roles in driving global economies, powering industries, and shaping geopolitical landscapes. From transportation to electricity generation, from manufacturing to household heating, the influence of these fossil fuels is ubiquitous. This essay delves into the significance of oil and natural gas, exploring their contributions, challenges, and the imperative for sustainable alternatives.1. Contributions of Oil and Natural Gas:Oil and natural gas are indispensable energy sources, constituting a significant portion of the world's energy mix. Oil, also known as petroleum, is primarily used in transportation, providing fuel for cars, airplanes, ships, and trucks. It is the lifeblood of modern transportationsystems, enabling the movement of people and goods across vast distances. Moreover, oil serves as a feedstock for numerous products, including plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals, underpinning various industries.Natural gas, on the other hand, is celebrated for its versatility and cleanliness compared to other fossil fuels. It is widely used for electricity generation, heating, and cooking. Its relatively lower carbon emissions make it an attractive option for transitioning away from more carbon-intensive fuels like coal. Furthermore, natural gas plays a crucial role in industries such as petrochemicals and manufacturing, where it serves as both a fuel and a feedstock.2. Challenges and Concerns:Despite their immense contributions, oil and natural gas present significant challenges and concerns. One pressing issue is environmental degradation and climate change. The combustion of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), contributing toglobal warming and climate instability. Additionally, the extraction and transportation of oil and gas can lead to environmental pollution, habitat destruction, and risks of oil spills.Moreover, the reliance on oil and gas has geopolitical implications, often leading to conflicts and tensions among nations vying for control over resources and supply routes. This geopolitical instability can disrupt global energy markets and threaten national security.Another concern is the finite nature of fossil fuel reserves. As oil and gas reserves dwindle, there is growing uncertainty about future energy security and economic stability. Additionally, fluctuations in oil and gas prices can have far-reaching consequences on global economies, affecting inflation rates, trade balances, and investment decisions.3. Imperative for Sustainable Alternatives:Given the challenges posed by oil and natural gas,there is an urgent need to transition towards sustainable alternatives. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower offer promising solutions to mitigate climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. These renewable sources are abundant, clean, and inexhaustible, making them ideal candidates for a sustainable energy future.Furthermore, advancements in technology and energy efficiency are essential for optimizing energy use and reducing waste. Investments in research and development are crucial for developing innovative solutions, such as energy storage technologies and smart grids, to enhance the integration of renewable energy into existing infrastructure.Policy initiatives and international cooperation are also vital for accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. Governments must implement regulatory frameworks, carbon pricing mechanisms, and incentives to promote renewable energy adoption and discourage fossil fuel consumption. Additionally, collaboration among nations isnecessary to address global energy challenges and achieve sustainable development goals.In conclusion, oil and natural gas have beeninstrumental in powering human progress and economic growth. However, their environmental impact, geopolitical ramifications, and finite nature underscore the need for a transition towards sustainable alternatives. By embracing renewable energy, advancing technology, and fostering international cooperation, we can forge a path towards a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable energy future.。

石油相关词汇(英文)

石油专业词汇ancestral petroleum原石油araeo picnometer石油比重计arctic oil北极地区用油；靠近北极区开采的石油aromatic petroleum solvent芳族石油溶剂artificialasphalt人造石油沥青asphaltbasepetroleum沥青基石油base royalty 石油产地使用费bergbalsam石油black gold of Transylvania石油black gold石油bloom花；兴旺时期；石油荧光；喷霜BO石油桶数blue sky peddler不倦的石油业发起人boom town石油城；发展快的城市brown petroleum褐石油bubble point oil饱和石油bulk plant油库；石油销售站burning waters石油cheap oil廉价石油chemofining石油加工化学；石油化学合成cold-test oil低凝点石油conventional oil常规石油coplusory oil stock obligations强制石油储备cut oil乳化石油dark petroleum oils暗色石油油料degraded oil降解石油doctor sweet脱除硫醇的石油产品dollar oil美元石油domestic oil国产石油economically recoverable oil经济上有开采价值的石油exploitable oil可采石油fossil oil石油field control of petroleum products石油产品质量的现场控制fixed designation of standard test石油产品标准试验法编号freak oil非商品性石油产品；中间产品freak stocks非商品性石油产品fresh oil新采石油gas family石油气族gas liquids液化石油气gas-oil fluid viscosity含溶解气石油的粘度general petrochemical works石油化工总厂genesis of oil石油的成因geoline凡士林；石油gushing gold石油habitat of oil石油产地heavy asphalt crude沥青基重质石油home petroleum industry本国石油工业hybrid-base oil混合基石油hydrocarbon black石油炭黑immature oil不成熟石油in-situ oil viscosity地下石油粘度inactive oil不旋光石油Independent Oil Company独立石油公司Independents独立石油公司index of oil price石油价格指数initial oil in place原始石油地质储量inoil payment以石油支付inspissated oil风化石油Institute of Petroleum石油学会integrated oil company一体化石油公司international oil cartel国际石油卡特尔international petroleum market国际石油市场jug检波器；水罐；小型地震仪；储存天然气或其它石油产品的垂直溶洞ligarine石油醚light petroleum石油醚liquefied petroleum gas液化石油气live oil含气石油losses of petroleum products石油产品损耗low-density oil轻质石油low-grade oil低级石油LPG液化石油气LPG-air mixtures液化石油气与空气混合物mahogany sulfonate石油磺酸盐Major Oil Company国际大石油公司malthenes石油脂manus tester石油闪点测定器marine oil海洋石油markovnikite富萘石油marine petroleum exploitation海洋石油开采mayberyite富硫石油methane oil甲烷族石油micrococcus petrol石油菌migration of oil石油的运移migratory oil运移的石油mineral earthoil石油mineral ether石油醚mineral spirit石油溶剂油mixed asphaltic base oil混合沥青基石油mixed base oil混合基石油mother oil原生石油mixed oil drilling rig复合式石油钻井钻机naphthabitumen石油沥青naphthenic base oil环烷基石油naphthology石油学nascent oil初生石油national petroleum reserve国家石油储备needle coke针状结晶石油焦neo-petroleum新生石油non-asphaltic base oil非沥青基石油non-paraffinous oil不含蜡石油nonoil非石油的nonrecoverableoil不可采出的石油off-testproduct未经检验的石油产品offshore oil exploitation海上石油开采offshore oil海上石油offshore petroleum resources海洋石油资源oil accumulation石油积聚oil asphalt石油沥青oil base油基；石油特性oil boom拦油栅；石油热oil boycott石油抵制oil broker石油经纪人oil cold test石油产品浊点或凝固点测定oil company石油公司oil concession石油特许权oil conservation石油资源保护oil consuming countries石油消费国oil country tubular goods石油管材oil crisis石油危机oil deficit石油逆差oil dehydrating石油脱水oil dehydrator石油脱水器oil delivery石油输送oil demand石油需求oil deposit石油矿床oil development石油开发oil dewaxing石油脱蜡oil distillate石油馏分oil dollar石油美元oil embargo石油禁运oil emplacement石油侵位oil engineer石油工程师oil entrapment石油捕集作用oil equipment石油设备oil exchange石油交易所oil exploration石油勘探oil exportiog countries石油出口国oil extraction石油抽提oil finder石油勘探工作者oil fire石油火焰；石油燃烧造成的火灾oil fuel石油燃料oil gas tar石油裂解焦油oil gas石油裂解气oil gasification石油气化oil gauge油表；油尺；油面指示器；石油比重计oil generation zone石油生成带oil generation石油生成oil genesis石油成因oil geology石油地质oil glut石油过剩oil gradient line石油梯度线oil hydrometer石油比重测定仪oil in situ原地石油储量oil in reserve储存油；尚未能利用的石油储量oil indication石油显示oil industry石油工业oil initially in place原始石油地质储量oil jetty石油码头oil magnate石油大王oil market simulation石油市场模拟oil marketer石油销售商oil measurement石油计量oil meter石油计量器oil migration石油运移oil mining method石油采矿法oil money石油资金oil origin石油成因oil package石油产品容器oilpatch含油岩屑；油斑；石油勘探、开采和油田管道铺设所涉及的地域；油田oil payment产量提成；以石油支付oil permit石油装载许可证oil pitch石油沥青oil pollution石油污染oil potential潜在石油储量oil power石油动力；石油动力机oil producer石油生产商；产油井oil product石油产品oil production石油开采；采油量oil properties石油性质oil promoter石油推销人；卖油再钻新井油商oil prospecting石油勘探oil puncher石油经纪商oil reserves石油储量oil resources石油资源oil royalty石油矿区使用费oil search石油普查oil selfsufficiency石油自给oil share markets石油股票市场oil shock石油冲击oil shortage石油不足oil shrinkage loss石油收缩损失oil shrinkage石油收缩oil stock market石油股票市场oil storage石油储存；储油库oil storing石油储存oil trap石油圈闭；隔油池oil vapour石油蒸汽oil weapon石油武器oil油；石油oil-fuel depot石油燃料库oil-impregnation石油浸染oil-rich富含石油的oil-transferring石油输送；油传送onshore oil terminal陆岸石油集输终端origin of oil石油成因origin of petroleum石油生成original oil volume factor原始石油体积系数paper barrel纸面石油pet石油Pet.Engr.石油工程师pet.pord石油产品petro-technology石油技术petrobitumen石油沥青petrochemical complex石油化工petrochemical equipment石油化工设备petrochemical plant石油化工厂petrochemical process石油化工过程petrochemical processing石油化学加工petrochemical unit石油化工装置petrochemical waste disposal石油化学废料处置petrochemical岩石化学的；石油化学的；石油化学产品petrochemicals石油化学产品petrochemistry岩石化学；石油化学petrodollars石油美元petrogenic gas石油气petrolene石油烯；软沥青petroleum accumulation石油聚集petroleum additive石油添加剂petroleum aromatics石油芳烃petroleum asphalt石油沥青petroleum base rust preventive石油基防锈剂petroleum base石油基petroleum benzine石油醚petroleum bitumen石油沥青petroleum black石油烟黑petroleum bloom石油萤光petroleum chemicals石油化学品petroleum cloud point tester石油浊点测定仪petroleum coal固体石油petroleum coke石油焦petroleum composition石油组成petroleum contract石油合同petroleum convertibility石油可逆性petroleum cuts石油馏分petroleum demand石油需求petroleum derivative石油衍生物petroleum drilling石油钻井petroleum emulsion breaker石油破乳装置petroleum energy elasticity石油能源弹性值petroleum engineer石油工程师petroleum engineering石油工程petroleum engineering economics石油工程经济学petroleumester石油酯petroleumetherinsolubles石油醚不溶物petroleum ether石油醚petroleum exhaust石油废气petroleum exploration hydrodynamics石油勘探流体动力学petroleum exploration-oriented hydrodynamic evaluation石油勘探水动力评价petroleum fermentation process石油发酵过程petroleum fermentation石油发酵petroleum fraction石油馏分petroleum gas oil石油气体油petroleum gas石油气petroleum genesis石油形成petroleum geochemistry石油地球化学petroleum geologist石油地质学家petroleum geology石油地质学petroleum geophysics石油地球物理学petroleum hydrocarbon石油烃petroleum hydrogeology石油水文地质学petroleum industry石油工业petroleum jelly石油膏petroleum microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microorganism石油微生物petroleum migration石油运移petroleum mining machinery石油机械petroleum operation石油作业petroleum nitrogen base石油中的含氮碱petroleum origin石油生成petroleum pipe line石油管道petroleum pitch enamel石油沥青漆petroleum processing石油加工petroleum production act石油生产法petroleum products石油产品petroleum prospecting石油勘探petroleum refinery石油炼厂petroleum refining石油加工petroleum regulation石油管理法规petroleum reserves石油储量petroleum resin石油树脂petroleum resources石油资源petroleum revenue tax石油所得税petroleum series石油系列petroleum solvent石油溶剂petroleum spirit石油溶剂petroleum transport石油运输petroleum sulfonate flood石油磺酸盐溶液驱油petroleum trap石油圈闭petroleum vapor石油蒸气petroleum石油petroleum-associated water石油伴生水petroleum-in-place 石油地质储量petroleum-like hydrocarbon类石油烃petrolic石油的petroligenic natural gas石油天然气petrolite石油岩petrolwumtarsand含石油沥青的岩石或砂petromoney石油资金petronol液体石油脂petroporphyrin石油卟啉；岩卟啉petropower石油权力petroprotein石油蛋白physical oil实物石油posted oil price石油标价prospective oil远景石油储量products pipeline operation石油成品的顺序输送postlithifaction oil岩化期后石油prelithifaction oil岩化期前石油protopetroleum原生石油pteroleum base石油基地rationing of petroleum products石油产品定量分配real oil losses实际石油损耗recoverable oil可采石油remaining recoverable oil in place地下剩余可采石油reservoir oil viscosity储层石油粘度rock oil石油royalty oil政府拥有的石油saponated petroleum皂化石油search for oil勘查石油semi-asphaltic flux半石油沥青sherwood oil石油醚single train LPG plant单套液化石油气装置solid petroleum固态石油specifications API美国石油学会规范sponge coke 海绵状石油焦spot oil market石油现货市场spot sample个别试样；代表在容器一定水平面上的石油产品质量的试样sterling oil英磅石油sticky oil高粘度石油stone oil石油storage jug地下液化石油气储穴strategic oil inventory石油战略储备strategic oil reserve石油战略储备stripped oil脱去汽油的石油sulfur-bearing oil含硫石油supplementary petroleum duty补充石油税surplus of oil production石油生产过剩syngenetic oil同生石油tail of tender石油成品管输时的尾部tank volume储罐容积；油罐中油的体积；换算成标准条件下的石油体积Tertiary crudes第三纪石油theory of inorganic origin石油无机成因说theory of organic origin石油有机成因说thinned oil稀释石油trading oil纸面石油transit revenues from oil石油过境税trapping of oil石油圈闭作用travel of oil石油运移trinascol稠硫沥青石油uncompensated drainage无赔偿的石油流失underground liquefied petroleum gas storage地下液化石油气库；液化石油气地下储存unrecovered oil残留石油vaseline石油冻；矿脂；凡士林venturaite富氮石油virgin oil未开采的石油virgin tank oil换算成地面条件下的未开采石油warrenite含石蜡和异构石蜡混合物的气态或液态沥青；石蜡石油wax containing asphalt含蜡石油沥青wet barrel实物石油white spirit石油溶剂younger oil初期石油11/ 11。

农药名词英汉对照

一、农药名称与分类农药（Pesticides)天然农药 (Natural pesticides)无机农药(Inorganic pesticides)有机合成农药(Orgenosynthetic pesticides) 化学农药(Chemical pesticides)生物农药(Biological pesticides)微生物农药(Microbial pesticides)植物性农药 Botanical pesticides)广谱性农药(Broad spectrum pesticides)高毒农药(Highly toxicity pesticides)中毒农药(Middle toxicity pesticides)低毒农药(Low toxicity pesticides)残留性农药(Residual pesticides)持久性农药(Persistency pesticides)无公害农药(Non-public hazards pesticides) 仿生农药(Biomimetic pesticides)第一代农药(First-generation pesticides) 第二代农药(Second-generation pesticides) 第三代农药(Third-generation pesticides)第四代农药(Fourth-generation pesticides)限制性杀虫剂杀虫剂使用的农药(Restricted application pesticides) 水溶性农药(Water-Soluble pesticides)油溶性农药(Oil-Soluble pesticides)超高效农(Ultra high efficiency pesticides)农药名称(Pesticide Name)通用名称(Common Name)商品名称(Trade Name)化学名称(Chemical Name)缩写名称(Abbreviation Name)试验代号(code number)中文名称(Chinese Name)农药分类(Pesticide Classification)杀虫剂(Insecticides)杀虫谱(Insecticidal spectrum)广谱性杀虫剂(Broad spectrum insecticide)选择性杀虫剂(Selective insecticide)内吸性杀虫剂(Systemic insecticide)植物性杀虫剂(Plant insecticide)微生物杀虫剂(Microbial insecticide)矿物油杀虫剂（Mineral oil insecticide）无机杀虫剂(Inorganic insecticide)有机合成杀虫(Organosynthetic insecticide)有机氯杀虫剂(Organochlorine insecticide)有机磷杀虫剂(Organophosphorus insecticide)有机氮杀虫剂(Organic nitrogenous insecticide) 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂(Pyrethroid insecticide)胃毒剂(Stomach Poison)触杀性杀虫剂(Contact insecticide)熏蒸性杀虫剂(Fumigant insecticide)混合杀虫剂(Mixed insecticide)神经毒剂(Neurotoxin, Nerve poison)拒食剂(Antifeedants, Feeding deterrent)忌避剂(Repellent)引诱剂(Attractant)不育剂(Chemosterilant)昆虫生长调节剂(Insect grwoth regulators)昆虫内激素(Insect hormone)蜕皮激素(Moeting Hormone )保幼激素(Juvenile Hormone,J.H)脑激素(Brain hormone)昆虫信息素(Insect pheromone)聚集信息素(Aggregation pheromone)性信息素(Sex pheromone)几丁质抑制剂(chitin synthesis inhibitor) 杀藻剂(Algaecide)杀灌木剂(Brush killer)杀菌剂(Fungicide, Bacteriocide)杀菌谱(Fungicidal spectrum)杀菌活性(Fungicidal activity)广谱性杀菌剂(Broad spectrum fungicide)专效性杀菌剂(Narrow spectrum fungicide) 保护性杀菌剂(Protective fungicide)治疗性杀菌剂(Curative fungicide)内吸性杀菌剂(Systemic fungicide)非内吸性杀菌剂(Unsystemic fungicide)铲除性杀菌剂(Eradicant fungicide)无机杀菌剂(Inorganic fungicide)有机合成杀菌剂(Organosynthetic fungicide) 有机硫杀菌剂(Organic sulfur fungicide)有机磷杀菌剂(Organophosphorus fungicide)有机氯杀菌剂(Organochlorine fungicide)有机杂环杀菌剂(Organic heterocyclic fungicide)植物性杀菌剂(Botanical fungicide)病菌细胞组分合成抑制剂(Cell component of germ synthesis inhibitor) 病菌能量合成抑制剂(Germ energy synthesis inhibitor)种子处理剂(Seed treatment)种子消毒剂(Seed disinfectant)土壤消毒剂(Soil disinfectant)农用抗生素(antibiotic fungicide)效价(Titer, Titre)杀线虫剂（Nematicide)杀鼠剂(Rodenticide)无机杀鼠剂(Inorganic rodenticide)有机杀鼠剂(Organic rodenticide)植物性杀鼠剂(Botanical rodenticide)抗凝血性杀鼠剂(Anticoagulant rodenticide)急性杀鼠剂(Acute rodenticide)杀螨剂(Miticide, Acaricide)植物激素(Plant hormone)植物生长调节剂(Plant growth regulator)烃类植物生长调节剂(Hydrocarbon plant growth regulator)三唑类植物生长调节剂(Triazole plant growth regulator)有机磷类植物生长调节剂(Organophosphorous plant growth regulator) 细胞分裂素(Cytokinins)催熟剂(Ripener)保鲜剂(Antistaling agent)催芽剂(Forced germination agent)脱叶剂(Defoliant, Defoliator)生长阻滞剂(Growth retardant, Dwarfing agent)干燥剂(Desiccant)疏花疏果剂(Flower and fruit thinning agent)休眠复苏剂 (Dormancy breaker)除草剂(Herbicide, Weedkiller, Grass killer)杀草谱(Herbicidal spectrum)杀草活性(Herbicidal activity)广谱性除草剂(Broad spectrum herbicide)选择性除草剂(Selective herbicide)触杀型除草剂(Contact herbicide)激素型除草剂(Hormone type herbicide)输导型除草剂(Translocatable herbicide)灭生性除草剂(Sterilant herbicide)混合型除草剂(Mixed herbicide)生物除草剂(Biological herbicide)芽前除草剂(Pre-emergence herbicide)播前除草剂(Pre-sowing herbicide)茎叶处理剂(Stem and left treatment)除草剂解毒剂(Antidote)光合抑制剂(Photosynthesis inhibitor)有丝分裂抑制剂(Mitosis inhibitor)叶绿素抑制剂(Chlorophyll synthesis inhibitor) 无机除草剂(Inorganic herbicide)有机合成除草剂(Organosynthesis herbicide)苯甲酸类除草剂(Benzoic herbicide)苯氧羧酸类除草剂（Phenoxy herbicide)酚类除草剂(Phenolic herbicide)醚类除草剂(Diphenyl ether herbicide)酰胺类除草剂(Anilide herbicide)硝基苯胺类除草剂(Nitro aniline herbicide)脲类除草剂(Urea herbicide)磺酰脲类除草剂(sulfonylurea herbicide)咪唑啉酮类除草剂(Imidazolone herbicide)氨基及硫代氨基甲酸酯类除草剂(Carbamate and thiolcarbamate herbicide) 三氮苯类除草剂(Triazine herbicide)有机磷类除草剂(Organophosphorus herbicide)脂肪族类除草剂(Aliphatic herbicide)杂环类除草剂(Heterocyclic herbicide)超高效除草剂(Ultra-high potency herbicide)二、农药加工与剂型农药加工(Pesticide process)原药(Technical material,简称TC)原粉(Crude powder)原油(Crude oil)有效成分(Active ingredient)农药制剂 (formulation)固体制剂(solid formulation)液体制剂(Liquid formulation)气体制剂(Gas formulation)母粉(Dust bases)母液(Mother solution, Mother water)剂型(Type of formulation)粉剂(Dust)气流粉碎(Air current shiver)机械粉碎(Mechanical shiver)无飘移粉剂(Driftless dust formulation)超微粉剂(Flo-dust)追踪粉剂(Tracking powder)分散度(Dispersity, Dispersion degree)分散体系(Disperse system)可湿性粉剂(Wettable powder)可溶性粉剂(Water soluble powder)颗粒剂(Granule)水分散性颗粒剂(Water dispersible granule) 微粒剂(Micro-granule)大粒剂(Macro-granule)细粒剂(Fine granule)挤压造粒(Extrusion granulation)吸附造粒(Absorbtion granulation)包衣造粒(Coating granulation)滚动造粒(Ball up granulation)乳油(Emulsifiable concentrate)乳状液(Emulsion)浓乳剂(concentrate emulsion)水剂(Aqueous solution)油剂(Oil solution)胶体剂(colloidal agent)胶悬剂(Flowable formulation)乳膏(Emulsifiable paste)片剂(Tablet)块剂(Block)胶囊剂(Capsule agent)微胶囊剂(Microcapsule)超低容量喷雾剂(Ultra low volume agent)缓释剂(Control release formulation)物理型缓释剂(Physical type control release formulation) 化学型缓释剂(Chemical type control release formulation) 烟剂(Smoke generator)气雾剂 (Aerosol dispenser)种子包衣剂(Seed coating)水面飘浮剂(Water surface leafing agent)熏蒸剂(Fumigant)抗萎剂(Anti-wilting agent)警戒色(Warning dye, Warning color)警戒气(Warning gas)农药辅助剂(Supplementary agent)表面张力(Surface tension)表面活性剂(Surface active agent)离子型表面活性剂(Ionic surface active agent) 阴离子型表面活性剂(Anionic surfactant)阳离子型表面活性剂(Cationic surfactant)非离子型表面活性剂(Nonionic surfactant)混合型表面活性剂 (Mixture surfactant)天然表面活性剂(Inartificial surfactant)亲水亲油平衡值(Hydrophile-lipophile balance) 无机性值(Inorganic value)乳化作用(Emulsification)乳化剂(Emulsifying agent)乳化性(Emulsifiability)水包油型乳状液(Emulsion, oil in water)油包水型乳状液(Emulsion, water in oil)湿润剂(Wetting agent)接触角(Contact angle)展开剂(Spreader)扩散剂(Spreader)扩散系数(Diffusion coefficient)分散剂(Dispersing agent)渗透剂(Penetrating agent, Penetrant) 固着剂(Adhesive agent, Sticky spreade) 抑泡剂(Foam depressant)发泡剂(Foaming adjuvant)溶剂(Solvent)助溶剂(Latent solvent)增溶溶解(Solubilization)助悬剂(Help suspend agent)增效剂(Synergist)增效作用(Synergism)增效比(Synergistic specific value)稳定剂(Stabilizing agent, Stabilizer) 减活化剂(Deactivating agent)光敏剂(Photosensitizer)防氧化剂(Antioxidant)抗冻剂(Antifreezer)抗凝剂(Anticoagulant)防崩解剂(Anti-break up agent)填充剂(Solid diluent, Carrier)非活性成分(Inert ingredient)稀释剂(Diluent)稀释率(Diluent ratio)液体稀释剂(Liquid diluent)陶土(Pottery clay)高岭土(Kaoline)硅藻土(Diatom earth)粘土(Clay)皂素(Saponin)皂角(Gledilschia sinensis)纸浆废液(Paper pulp liquid waste) 茶籽饼(Tea-seed cake)拉开粉(Nekal BX)助燃剂(Combustion improver)发烟剂(Fuming agent)消燃剂(Flame inhibiting agent)三、农药使用技术、药效及毒理喷雾法(Spray, spraying)高量喷雾法(High volume spray)常量喷雾法和常规喷雾法中容量喷雾法(Middle volume spray)低容量喷雾法(Low volume spray)超低容量喷雾法(Ultra low volume spray)航空超低容量喷雾法(Aviation ultra low volume spray) 针对性喷雾(Placement spraying)飘移累积性喷雾(Incremental drift spraying)飘移性指数(Drift index)喷幅(Application width, Swsth width)有效喷幅(Effective application width)雾化(Atomization)雾化原理(Atomizing principle)雾滴的弹跳(bouncing of droplet)喷洒速度(Application speed)喷洒高度(Application height)雾锥角(Cone angle)空心雾锥(Hollow cone)实心雾锥(Solid cone)压力雾化法(Pressure atomization)旋转离心雾化法(Rotating atomization)转碟雾化法(Rotating disc atomization)静电雾化法(Electrostatic atomization)撞击雾化法(Impact atomization)液膜破裂(Liquid sheet perforation)液丝断裂(Ligament disintegration)雾滴(Spray droplet)雾滴群(Spray cloud)雾滴密度衰减(Attenuation of droplets density) 雾滴衷减系数(Attenuation coefficient)喷粉法(Dusting)撒颗粒法(Granule application)浸种浸苗法(Seed soaking and immersion shoot) 加药温汤浸种法(Modified hot water treatment) 毒土法(Incorporation, toxin soil method)毒饵法(Poison bait method)泼浇法(Pouring method)甩施法(Free-swinging application)点涂法(Point brush method)熏蒸法(Fumigation)空间熏蒸(Space fumigation)土壤熏蒸(Soil fumigation)拦种法(Seed dressing)环毒法(Poison ring)灌注法(Drench and fill method)轮换使用(Rotation application)混合使用(Combined application)混合相容性(Compatibility)点播穴施药(Pricking-in hole treatment)垄作施药(Ridge application)垄间施药(Furrow application)带（条）状施药(Band application, Stripe application) 株间施药(Crop space application)植株根部施药(Plant foot application)局部施药(Topical application)全面施药(Overall application)定向施药(Directed application)秋季施药(Autumn application)土壤处理(Soil treatment)土壤消毒(Soil disinfection)水面施药(Paddy water application, Submerged application) 混土施药法(Mixed soil application)树干注射(Trunk injection)树干涂抹(Bark treatment)叶面喷洒(Foliar application)种子消毒法(Seed diskinfection)合理用药(proper application)安全用药(Safe application)对症下药(Placement symptom application)适量用药(Proper rate of application)适时用药(Punctual application)避毒措施(Evasion toxicity measures)播前施药(Pre-sowing application)播后施药(Post-sowing application)芽前使用(Pre-emergence application)芽后使用(Post-emergence application)使用时期(Permissible period of application)衡释倍数(Dilution)药效(Efficiency)药效期(Period of efficacy)流失(Run off)渗漏(Permeability-weepage)飘移(Drift)蒸发(Evaporate)再分布作用(Redistribution)雾粒(Droplet and particle)有效面积(Biocidal area)半数致死距离(LDist50)药剂回收率(Recovery of pesticide)叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI)展开系数(Spreading factor)叶表面糙度(Roughness of leaf surface)生物最佳粒径(Biological optimum droplet size, BODS) 靶标(Target)作用点(Site of action, Target point)作用方式(Mode of action)光活性化(Photo activation)乙酰胆碱(Acetylcholine)乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase, AchE)乙酰胆碱受体(Acetylcholineaccepter)微粒体氧化酶(Microsome function oxidase, MFO) 靶子酶(Target enzyme)玉米酮(MBOA)酰胺水解酶(Amide hydrolytic enzyme)毒性基团(Toxic group)结合作用(Conjugation)希尔反应(Hill reaction)化学调节(Chemical regulation)干涉作用(Cross protection)表面化学治疗(Surfact chemotherapy)外部化学治疗(Crust chemotherapy)内部化学治疗(Internal chemotherapy)化学治疗指数(Chemotherapeutic index)杀菌作用(Fungicidal action)抑菌作用(Fungistatic action)阻止作用(Inhibit action)时差选择性(Difference of time selectivity)位差先择性(Position difference selectivity)形态差异选择(Morphologic difference selectivity) 生理选择性(Physiological difference selectivity) 生化选择性(Biochemical difference selectivity) 属间选择性(Inter-genera selectivity)选择性指数 (Selectivity index)毒力(Toxicity)相对毒力指数((Relative toxicity index)有效浓度(Availability concentration)半数抑制剂量(Median inhibition dose,)半数击倒时间(Median kncokdown time, KT50)半数致死时间(Median lethal time, LT50)致死中浓度(Median lethal conentration, LC50)绝对致死浓度(Absolute lethal concentration)四、农药对人畜的毒性毒性(Toxicity)农药中毒(Pesticide intoxication)致死中量(Median lethal dose, LD)50忍受极限中浓度(Median tolerance limit, TLm)最低中毒剂量(Minimal toxic level)最大安全剂量(Maximal safety dose)最高无作用剂量(Maximum non-effect level, MNL)最大耐受浓度(Maximal tolerance limit concentration, MLC) 毒效比值(Toxic effect ratio)急性毒性(Acute toxicity)急性中毒(Acute intoxication)亚急性毒性(Subacute toxicity)慢性毒性(Chronic toxicity)慢性中毒(Chronic intoxication)残留毒性(Residual toxicity)累积毒性(Cumulative toxicity)吸入毒性(Inhalation toxicity)口服毒性(Oral toxicity)经皮毒性(Dermal toxicity)生殖毒性(Reproductive toxicity)神经毒性(Neurotoxicity, Nerve toxicity)选择毒性(Selective toxicity)鱼毒(Fish-toxicity)二次毒性(Secondary hazard toxicity)二次中毒(Secondary intoxication)迟发性神经毒性(Delayed neurotoxicity) 三致性(Tri-pathogenicity)致癌性(Carcinogenicity)致畸性(Teratogenicity)致突变性(Mutagenicity)突变指数(Mutagenicity index)致肿瘤性(Oncogenicity)一般毒性试验(General toxicity test) 特殊毒性试验(Specific toxicity test) 急性毒性试验(Acute toxicity test)慢性毒性试验(Chronic toxicity test) 致癌试验(Carcinogenicity test)致畸试验(Teratogenicity test)Ames试验(Ames test)一生毒性试验(Life span toxicity test) 三代生殖试验(Tri-generation test)皮肤刺激性(Skin irritation)粘膜刺激性(Mycosis irritation)口腔给药(Oral administration)皮触给药(Dermal administration)腹腔投药(Intraperitoneal administration) 生产性中毒(Productory intoxication)非生产性中毒(Non-productory intoxication) 五、农药对生态环境的作用化学防治(Chemical control)物理防治(Physical control)生物防治(Biological control)农业防治(Agricultural control)综合防治(Integrated control)生态系统(Ecological system, Ecosystem)生态平衡(Ecological equilibrium)生态影响(Ecological effect)生态可塑性(Ecological plasticity)生物群落(Biocoenosium)农药降解(Pesticide degradation)农药归宿(Pesticide fate)生物降解(Biological degradation)生物降解指数(Biological degradation index) 非生物分解(Nonbiological degradation)微生物分解(Microbial degradation)衍生(Derivation)异构化(Isomerization)光化(Photochemical reaction)裂解(Fragmentation)轭合(Conjugate)降解曲线(Degradation curve)降解产物(Degradation product)母体化合物(Parent compound)风化(Weathering)土壤中行为(Behaviour in soil)土壤中移动(Movement in soil)地表径流(Surface runoff)淋溶性(Eluviation)农药代谢(Pesticide metabolism)代谢途径(Metabolic pathway)钝化(Deactivation)活性化(Activation)共同代谢(Co-metabolism)解毒代谢(Detoxication metabolism) 体内异物(Xenobiotics)田间小气候(Field microclimate)种群复起现象(Pest overrun)有害生物(Injurious biota)防治对象(Target organisms)杂草(Weed)一年生杂草(Annual weed)多年生杂草(Perennial weed)水田杂草(Paddy field weed)旱田杂草(Upland field weed)单子叶杂草(Monocotyledonous weed)双子叶杂草(Dicotyledon weed)深根性杂草((Deep-rooted weed)恶性杂草(Vicious weed)寄生性杂草(Parasitical weed)害虫 (Pest, Insect, Injurious)咀嚼式口器害虫(Masticatory mouth parts insect)刺吸式口器害虫(Sucking mouth parts insect)虹吸式口器害虫(Siphon mouth parts insect)舐吸式口器害虫(Rasping sucking mouth parts insect) 锉吸式口器害虫(File-sucking mouth parts insect)植食性害虫(Plant-feeding insect)地下害虫(Subterraneous insect)卫生害虫(Hygienical insect)线虫(Eelworm)螨虫(Mites)病原物(Pathogenous organism)真菌病害(Mycosis)细菌性病害(Bacteriosis, Bacterial disease) 植物病毒病(Plant virus disease)鼠类(Rodent)天敌(Natural enemy)低等动物(Lowly animal)温血动物(Warmblooded animal)药害(Phytotoxicity)急性药害(Acute phytotoxicity)慢性药害(Chronic phytotoxicity)残留药害(Residual phytotoxicity)二次药害(Secondary phytotoxicity)飘移药害（Drift hazard）混用药害(Mixed application phytotoxicity)误用药害(Mistake phytotoxicity)过量药害(Excess phytotoxicity)根部药害(Root phytotoxicity)叶面药害(Foliage phytotoxicity)敏感性药害(Susceptible crop)急性药害(Acute phytotoxicity)慢性药害(Chronic phytotoxicity)残留药害(Residual phytotoxicity)二次药害(Secondary phytotoxicity)飘移药害(Drift hazard)混用药害(Mixed application phytotoxicity) 误用药害(Mistake phytotoxicity)过量药害(Excess phytotoxicity)根部药害(Root phytotoxicity)叶面药害(Foliage phytotoxicity)敏感性作物(Susceptible crop)抗药性(Resistant)自然抗药性(Natural resistant)获得抗药性(Acquired resistant)多重抗性(Multiple resistance)单一抗性(Single resistance)交互抗性(Cross resistance)负交互抗性(Negatively cross resistance)抗性系数(Resistance factor)拮抗作用(Antagonism, Antagonistic action)异株克生作用(Allelopathy action）异株克生化合物(Allelopathy action)农药公害(Pesticide public hazards)农药污染(Pesticide contamination)直接污染(Direct contamination)土壤污染(Soil contamination, Land pollution) 大气污染(Air pollution)水质污染(Water pollution)食品污染(Food pollution)人体污染(Man pollution)二次污染(Secondary pollution)农药残留(Pesticide residual)残留性(Persistence, persistency)残留量(Residual dose)农药残留物(Pesticide residues)残效(Residual effect, Residual activity)残效期(Period of residual effect)最终残留(Terminal residue)母体残留(Parent residual)结合残留(Bound residue)可忽略残留(Negligible residue)生物浓缩(Biological concentration, Bioconcentration) 食物链(Food chain, Food web)生物浓缩系数(Biological concentration factor)生物分解指数(Biological decomposition index)残留标准(Tolerance for pesticide residue)每日允许摄入量(Acceptable daily intake, ADI)安全系数(Safety factor)最大允许残留量(Maximum residue limit, MRL)食物系数(Food factor)农药半衰期(Half-life for pesticide residue)安全间隔期(Pre-harvest interval, Pre-harvest period) 农药安全使用标准(The criterion for safe use)六、农药登记、商品质量及残留分析农药登记(Registration of pesticides)临时登记(Temporary registration)品种登记(Varietal registration)补充登记(Supplementary registration)延长登记(Prolongation registration)暂缓登记(Hesitation registration)登记有效期(Valid period of registration)农药质量标准(Quality level of pesticide)国家标准(State standard)部颁标准(Ministerial standard)企业标准(Enterprise standard)暂行规定(Tentative specify)技术指标(Technical index)农药纯品(Pesticide pure product)提纯(Clean-up)农药工作标准品(Standard sample of pesticide) 农药分析(Pesticide analysis)农药杂质(Pesticide dirt)粉粒细度(Particle size of powder and granule) 筛目(Sieve mesh)平均粒径(Mean particle size)稳定度(Stability)pH值(pH value)凝固点(Freezing point)沸点(Boiling point)闪点(Flash point)熔点(Melting point)酸度(Degree of acidity)含水量(Water content)标准硬水(Standard hard water)悬浮性(Suspensibility)悬浮率(Percentage of suspension)硬度(Hardness)结块(Node clod)絮结作用(Flocculation)结晶析出(Crystallize separator-out) 沉淀(Settlings)分层(Demixion, creaming)比重(Specific weight)假比重(Apparent specific gravity) 松密度(Bulk density)比表面积(Specific area)静止角(Angle of repose)水中崩解性(Disintegrability in water)贮藏试验(Storage test)热贮藏试验(Heat storage test)冷贮藏试验(Cold storage test)化学分析(Chemical analysis)定性分析(Qualitative analysis)定量分析(Qantitative analysis)酸碱滴定法(Acid-base titration method)重量分析法(Gravimetry)容量分析法(Volumetry)非水溶液滴定法(Nonaqueous titration method)氧化还原滴定法(Oxidation-reduction titration method) 碘量法(Iodimetry)溴化法(Brominaton method)银量法(Argentometric titration)重氮化法(Diazonium method)气相色谱法(Gas chromatography)高效液相色谱法(High efficiency liquid chromatography)薄层色谱法(Thin-layer chromatography)薄层色谱扫描法(Thin-layer chromatographic scan-method) 分光光度法(Spectrophotometry)红外光谱法(Infra-red spectrometry)含水量测定(Water content determination)粉粒细度测定(Particle size determination)酸度测定(Acidity test)乳状液稳定性测定(Emulsionstability test)湿润性测定(Wettable properties test)粉剂流动性测定(Dust fluidity test)粉粒细度测定(Particle size determination)酸度测定(Acidity test)乳状液稳定性测定(Emulsionstability test)湿润性测定(Wettable properties test)粉剂流动性测定(Dust fluidity test)悬浮率测定(Suspensibility test)苯不溶物测定(Nonsolubility matter to benzne test)闪点测定(Flash point test)熔点测定(Melting point test)溶解度测定(Solubility test)粘度测定(Degree of Visosity test)农药残留分析(Pesticide residual analysis)多组分残留分析(Multi-residue analysis)残留分析前处理(Pro-determine treatment of residue analysis) 提取(Extract, Extraction)提取剂(Extracting agent)组织捣碎(Histological mash)液-液分配(Liquid-Liquid distribution)净化(Decontamination, clean-up)浓缩(Enrichment)回收率(Percent recovery, Recovery)检出界限(Detectable limit, Limit of detection)灵敏度(Sensibilty)精密度(Preciosity)准确度(Accuracy)残留动态(Residual dynamic state)残留动态曲线(Residual dynamic state curve)七、农药生物测定与田间试验农药生物测定与田间试验(Pesticide bioassay)胃毒毒力测定(Stomach toxicity determine)触杀毒力测定(Contact toxicity determine)内吸毒力测定(Systemic toxicity determine)熏蒸毒力测定(Fumigation toxicity determine)杀菌剂毒力测定(Fungitoxicity determine)琼脂扩散法(Agar diffusion method)琼脂衡释法(Agar dilution method)孢子萌发试验(Spore germination test)除草剂生物测定(Herbicide bioassay)鱼毒测定(Fish toxicity determine)农药筛选试验(Pesticidal screening test)残留农药生物测定(Residual pesticide bioassay)农药代谢的生物测定(Pesticide metabolic product bioassay) 致死中量测定(Median lethal dosage determine)农药蓄积性试验(Pesticide accumulatity test)蓄积系数(Accumulation coefficient)田间药效试验(Field efficacy test)田间小区试验(field plot test)田间大面积试验(Field extensive test)农药残留试验(Pesticide residue test)单因子试验(One factor test)多因子试验(Multiple factor test)对比试验(Pairing test)对照处理(Check treatment)空白处理(Blank treatment)药害试验(Phytotoxity test)盆栽试验(Pot experiment, pot incubation test) 定位试验(Location test)采样(Harvest sample)主观样本(Subjective sample)客观样本(Objective sample)死亡率(Percentage dead, Mortality rate)校正死亡率(Adjusted percentage dead)发病率(Disease incidence, Incidence of disease) 病情指数(Status of disease index)植株减退率(Plant diminish rate)鲜重减退率(Fresh weight diminish rate)八、农药商品经营农药商品经营(Commercial pesticide operate)统购统销(United purchasing and marketing)贮存(Storage)露天贮存(Open storage)简易棚贮存(simple shed storage)仓库贮存(Store house storage)地下室贮存(Subterraneous storage)堆码方式(Mode of stacking)农药商品包装(Commodity casing of pesticide)包装标志(Packing identifying marks)商品合格证(Commodity certification)商品说明书(Commodity descriptive)农药商品运输(Commodity pesticide conveyance)公路运输(Highway transportation)铁路运输(Railway transportation)水路运输(Waterway transportation)航空运输(Aerial transportation)植物医院(Plant hospital)出厂价格(Factory price)零售价格(Retail price)最后有效期(Termination date of quality guarantee term) 九、农药合成及其它农药合成(Pesticide synthesis)农药筛选(Pesticide screening)合成路线(Synthetic route)仿生合成(Mimetism synthesis)相转移催化合成(Phase transfer catalyze synthesis)定向合成(Orienting synthesis)转位重排(Index rearrangement reaction)一步法合成(One-step synthesis)多步法合成(Multi-step synthesis)农药中间体(Pesticide intermediate)工艺流程(Process flow)农药分子设计(Pesticide molecular design)农药分子的改造与修饰(Remaking and modify of the pesticide)。

中石油职称英语考试试卷暨答案

\I. Vo Q:2409934629Directions:contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti"天然气Natural gas生油层Hydrocarbon generation油气运移Oil and gas migration垂直运移The vertical migration侧向运移Lateral migration储集层reservoir含有层Containing layer圈闭trap盖层cover隔层interlay遮挡Keep out含油面积Oil-bearing area油水边界Oil-water boundary储油面积Storage area工业油气藏Industrial oil and gas reservoirs构造油气藏Structural reservoirs地层油气藏Stratigraphic reservoirs岩性油气藏Lithologic reservoir储油构造Oil storage structure地质构造Geological structure沉积相The sedimentary facies沉积环境Sedimentary environmentwo languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, someEuropean firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language.纵向分辨率verticalresolution测井仪器能够分辨出的地层的最小厚度。

电测井仪器通常以纵向积分几何因子为90%时对应的地层厚度作为仪器的纵向分辨率。

冲洗带flushedzone在渗透性地层中，与井壁相邻的地层受到钻井液滤液冲洗。

generation and traps of oil

Generation and Traps of Oil and Gas
Petroleum Industry
Upstream
exploration and production
Midstream
storage and transportation
Downstream
refining and distribution
Petroleum is squeezed out of source beds（烃原岩层） and is accepted by a receiver bed（运载岩层）.
Secondary Petroleum Migration
Once within the receiver bed, petroleum travels upward and laterally within the receiver bed until a trap is reached. Gas is separated and goes up to form a gas cap.
Sedimentary rock
sediment: tiny bits of sand and dirt settled to the bottom of the water, sometimes also mixed with tiny sea animals and plants. sedimentary rock: After thousands and millions of years, the weight and pressure from all the stuff on top turns the sediment on the bottom into sedimentary rock! sandstone、siltstone 、shale、limestone and dolomite.

往复式压缩机润滑油流程

往复式压缩机润滑油流程Lubricating oil is an essential component in the operation of a reciprocating compressor. It plays a crucial role in reducing friction between moving parts and ensuring the smooth operation of the compressor. Without proper lubrication, the compressor's components can wear out quickly, leading to costly repairs and downtime.润滑油是往复式压缩机运行中必不可少的组成部分。

它在减少运动部件之间的摩擦和确保压缩机平稳运行方面起着至关重要的作用。

如果没有适当的润滑，压缩机的部件会很快磨损，导致昂贵的维修和停机时间。

The lubricating oil flow process in a reciprocating compressor is carefully designed to ensure that the right amount of oil is delivered to the moving parts at the correct time. This process involves a series of steps, including oil filtration, oil cooling, oil distribution, and oil return. Each step is critical to maintaining the efficiency and longevity of the compressor.在往复式压缩机中，润滑油流程经过精心设计，以确保在正确的时间向运动部件输送正确的油量。

石油对人类的害处英语作文

Oil, a nonrenewable resource, has been a cornerstone of modern society since the Industrial Revolution. However, its extraction, use, and disposal have had significant negative impacts on the environment and human health. Here are some of the detrimental effects of oil on humanity:1. Environmental Pollution: The extraction and transportation of oil often result in spills and leaks that pollute water bodies and soil. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is a stark example of the devastating environmental consequences of such incidents.2. Climate Change: The burning of oil for energy releases greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, leading to global warming and climate change, which has farreaching effects on weather patterns, sea levels, and ecosystems.3. Health Issues: Exposure to oil and its byproducts can lead to various health problems, including respiratory issues, skin irritation, and even cancer. Workers in the oil industry are particularly at risk.4. Dependency and Conflicts: The worlds reliance on oil has led to geopolitical tensions and conflicts, as nations vie for control over oilrich regions. This has resulted in wars and instability in many parts of the world.5. Economic Instability: The price of oil is subject to volatile fluctuations, which can destabilize economies, particularly those of oilexporting countries. Sudden price drops can lead to economic recessions and job losses.6. Resource Depletion: As oil is a finite resource, its extraction and consumption contribute to resource depletion. This raises concerns about the longterm sustainability of our energy sources and the need to invest in alternative, renewable energy options.7. Habitat Destruction: The search for oil often involves drilling in sensitive ecosystems, leading to habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity. This can have cascading effects on the food chain and overall ecosystem health.8. Displacement of Communities: Oil extraction projects can lead to the displacement of indigenous communities and local populations, who often suffer from the loss of their lands and traditional ways of life.9. Acid Rain: The burning of oil contributes to the formation of acid rain, which candamage forests, freshwater bodies, and even buildings and infrastructure.10. Ocean Acidification: The increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere also lead to ocean acidification, which threatens marine life and the balance of ocean ecosystems.In conclusion, while oil has been instrumental in driving industrialization and modernization, its harmful effects on the environment and human health cannot be ignored. It is crucial for societies to transition towards cleaner, more sustainable energy sources to mitigate these negative impacts and ensure a healthier future for all.。

油田新能源应用发展探究

在“双碳”目标和企业转型发展双重驱动下，绿色低碳大势所趋，新能源迎来新高速发展期，各大油田均积极布局该领域。

在新能源战略中，油田具备相当优势，同时困难与机遇并存。

新能源如何在油田领域发挥优势，技术研究和科学管理规划等问题需统筹解决。

大庆油田根据自身特点，着重发展风能、太阳能、地热能、生物质能等新能源业务，实效性更新清洁能源体系，研究组合开发和综合应用。

因此，客观分析、探究油田现状并研究对策，对新能源产业发展意义重大[1]。

油田新能源应用发展探究吴红伟张振华杨志坚庞海波张欣李润启（大庆油田钻探工程公司钻井工程技术研究院）摘要：新能源产业持续发展，各大油田相关业务不断增多，新能源与传统油气田生产融合的进程中，将会面临政策制度、技术科研、运维管理等突出难题，亟待解决。

大庆油田新能源发展布局处于初期阶段，油气勘探开发、采收技术多领域共建已有一定进展。

探究大庆油田风和光伏发电、地余热、CCUS 等矿区新能源现状，剖析绿色低碳转型问题和面临的挑战，并提出了科学精准定位、统筹规划管理、人才技术创新、模式联控投资、多能互补提效等多维度的合理建议及对策，可有利促进油田新能源发展。

关键词：新能源；光伏；风力；低碳节能DOI :10.3969/j.issn.2095-1493.2023.07.022Research on application and development of new energy in oilfieldWU Hongwei，ZHANG Zhenhua，YANG Zhijian，PANG Haibo，ZHANG Xin，LI Runqi Research Institute of Drilling Engineering Technology of Daqing Oilfield Drilling&Exploration Corpo-rationAbstract：With the continuous development of new energy industry，the businesses associated with major oilfields continues to grow．The integration of new energy with traditional oil and gas produc-tion will face prominent challenges such as policy and system，technical research and operation and maintenance management，which needs to be solved urgently．The layout of new energy development in Daqing oilfield is in the early stages，and there has been some progress in oil and gas exploration and development，and the co-construction of multiple fields of mining and recovery technology．The study is explored the current situation of wind and photovoltaic power generation，geothermal waste heat，CCUS and other new energy in Daqing oilfield，analyzed the problems and challenges of green and low-carbon transformation，and put forward multi-dimensional reasonable suggestions and coun-termeasures such as scientific and accurate positioning，overall planning and management，talent and technology innovation，mode joint control and investment，and multi-energy complementary im-provement，which is conducive to promoting the development of new energy in oilfield ．Keywords：new energy；photovoltaic；wind power；low carbon and energy conservation第一作者简介：吴红伟，工程师，2014年毕业于东北石油大学（测控技术与仪器专业），从事科研管理工作，139****2165，ckwuhongwei@，黑龙江省大庆市红岗区八百晌街道钻井工程技术研究院，163000。

洛阳能源概况介绍英文作文

洛阳能源概况介绍英文作文Introduction。

Luoyang is a city located in the central part of China, and it is one of the most important industrial centers in the country. The city has a rich history of energy production, with a focus on coal and oil, and it has been a major contributor to China's economic growth over the past few decades. In this article, we will provide an overviewof Luoyang's energy profile, including its energy resources, production capacity, and future prospects.Energy Resources。

Luoyang is rich in energy resources, with coal and oil being the most important ones. The city has large coal reserves, with an estimated total of 5.2 billion tons. The coal in Luoyang is of high quality, with low sulfur content and high heat value, making it ideal for use in power generation. In addition to coal, Luoyang also hassignificant oil reserves, with an estimated 1.2 billion barrels of oil. The oil in Luoyang is mainly located in the Laojunmiao oilfield, which is one of the largest oilfieldsin China.Production Capacity。

石油资源英文作文

石油资源英文作文1. Oil resources are a crucial part of our modern society, powering everything from transportation to electricity generation. Without oil, our world would be a very different place, and we would need to find alternative sources of energy to maintain our current standard of living.2. The discovery and extraction of oil resources hashad a profound impact on the global economy, creatingwealth and jobs for millions of people around the world. However, the reliance on oil has also led to geopolitical tensions and environmental concerns, as nations compete for access to limited resources and struggle to mitigate the negative effects of fossil fuel consumption.3. Despite the challenges associated with oil resources, there is still a great deal of demand for this valuable commodity. As developing nations continue to grow and modernize, they require more and more energy to power theireconomies, and oil remains a key source of fuel for transportation and industry.4. The future of oil resources is uncertain, as new technologies and alternative energy sources emerge and the global community grapples with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. However, for the time being, oil remains an essential part of our daily lives and will continue to play a significant role in shaping the world economy and society as a whole.。

开发油田英语作文

开发油田英语作文Title: The Development of Oil Fields。

Introduction:Oil fields play a crucial role in meeting the world's energy demands. The development of oil fields involves various processes, including exploration, drilling, production, and refining. This essay aims to explore the key aspects of oil field development and its significance in the global energy sector.Body:1. Exploration:Oil field development begins with exploration, which involves the search for potential oil reserves. Geologists and geophysicists use advanced techniques, such as seismic surveys, to identify areas with potential oil deposits.Exploratory wells are drilled to confirm the presence ofoil and estimate its quantity.2. Drilling:Once a potential oil field is identified, drilling operations commence. A drilling rig is set up, and a wellis drilled vertically or at an angle to reach the oil-bearing rock formations. Advanced drilling technologies, such as directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing, are employed to maximize oil recovery. The well is lined with steel casing and cemented to ensure stability and prevent contamination.3. Production:After drilling, the production phase begins. Oil is extracted from the reservoir through the well using various methods, such as natural pressure, artificial lift systems, or enhanced oil recovery techniques. The extracted oil is transported to the surface and separated from any impurities. The production rate is monitored, and measuresare taken to optimize production and maintain reservoir pressure.4. Refining:Once the oil is extracted, it undergoes refining processes to convert it into usable products. Refineries separate the crude oil into different components, such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and lubricants, through distillation and other refining techniques. The refined products are then distributed to consumers through pipelines, tankers, or trucks.Significance of Oil Field Development:1. Economic Importance:Oil field development has significant economic implications. It creates job opportunities, attracts investments, and generates revenue for governments. Oil-producing countries often rely on oil exports to fund their national development projects and improve their citizens'living standards.2. Energy Security:Oil fields contribute to global energy security by providing a reliable and abundant source of energy. As oil is a primary fuel for transportation, heating, and electricity generation, the development of oil fields ensures a stable energy supply for various sectors.3. Technological Advancements:The development of oil fields drives technological advancements. The industry invests heavily in research and development to enhance exploration techniques, drilling technologies, and refining processes. These innovations have broader applications beyond the oil industry and contribute to overall technological progress.4. Environmental Concerns:While oil field development is essential, it alsoraises environmental concerns. Oil spills, greenhouse gas emissions, and habitat destruction are some of the negative impacts associated with oil extraction and refining. To mitigate these concerns, the industry is adopting cleaner technologies, investing in renewable energy sources, and implementing stringent environmental regulations.Conclusion:The development of oil fields is a complex and vital process that ensures the availability of energy resources to meet global demands. It involves exploration, drilling, production, and refining, and contributes significantly to the economy, energy security, technological advancements, and environmental sustainability. As the world transitions towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, theoil industry must continue to adapt and innovate to meet the evolving energy needs of the future.。

石油相关词汇(英文)

石油相关词汇(英文)石油专业词汇ancestral petroleum 原石油 araeo picnometer 石油比重计 arctic oil 北极地区用油；靠近北极区开采的石油aromatic petroleum solvent 芳族石油溶剂artificial asphalt 人造石油沥青 asphalt base petroleum 沥青基石油base royalty 石油产地使用费 bergbalsam 石油black gold of Transylvania 石油 black gold 石油bloom 花；兴旺时期；石油荧光；喷霜 BO 石油桶数blue sky peddler 不倦的石油业发起人boom town 石油城；发展快的城市 brown petroleum 褐石油bubble point oil 饱和石油 bulk plant 油库；石油销售站 burning waters 石油 cheap oil 廉价石油chemofining 石油加工化学；石油化学合成cold-test oil 低凝点石油 conventional oil 常规石油coplusory oil stock obligations 强制石油储备cut oil 乳化石油 dark petroleum oils 暗色石油油料degraded oil 降解石油 doctor sweet 脱除硫醇的石油产品dollar oil 美元石油 domestic oil 国产石油economically recoverable oil 经济上有开采价值的石油exploitable oil 可采石油 fossil oil 石油field control of petroleum products 石油产品质量的现场控制fixed designation of standard test 石油产品标准试验法编号freak oil 非商品性石油产品；中间产品freak stocks 非商品性石油产品 fresh oil 新采石油gas family 石油气族 gas liquids 液化石油气gas-oil fluid viscosity 含溶解气石油的粘度general petrochemical works 石油化工总厂genesis of oil 石油的成因 geoline 凡士林；石油gushing gold 石油 habitat of oil 石油产地heavy asphalt crude 沥青基重质石油home petroleum industry 本国石油工业hybrid-base oil 混合基石油 hydrocarbon black 石油炭黑immature oil 不成熟石油 in-situ oil viscosity 地下石油粘度inactive oil 不旋光石油 Independent Oil Company 独立石油公司Independents 独立石油公司 index of oil price 石油价格指数 initial oil in place 原始石油地质储量inoil payment 以石油支付 inspissated oil 风化石油Institute of Petroleum 石油学会 integrated oil company 一体化石油公司international oil cartel 国际石油卡特尔international petroleum market 国际石油市场jug 检波器；水罐；小型地震仪；储存天然气或其它石油产品的垂直溶洞 ligarine 石油醚 light petroleum 石油醚liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气 live oil 含气石油losses of petroleum products 石油产品损耗low-density oil 轻质石油 low-grade oil 低级石油LPG 液化石油气 LPG-air mixtures 液化石油气与空气混合物mahogany sulfonate 石油磺酸盐 Major Oil Company 国际大石油公司malthenes 石油脂 manus tester 石油闪点测定器marine oil 海洋石油 markovnikite 富萘石油marine petroleum exploitation 海洋石油开采mayberyite 富硫石油 methane oil 甲烷族石油micrococcus petrol 石油菌 migration of oil 石油的运移migratory oil 运移的石油 mineral earthoil 石油mineral ether 石油醚 mineral spirit 石油溶剂油mixed asphaltic base oil 混合沥青基石油mixed base oil 混合基石油 mother oil 原生石油mixed oil drilling rig 复合式石油钻井钻机naphthabitumen 石油沥青 naphthenic base oil 环烷基石油 naphthology 石油学 nascent oil 初生石油national petroleum reserve 国家石油储备needle coke 针状结晶石油焦 neo-petroleum 新生石油non-asphaltic base oil 非沥青基石油non-paraffinous oil 不含蜡石油 nonoil 非石油的nonrecoverable oil 不可采出的石油 off-test product 未经检验的石油产品offshore oil exploitation 海上石油开采offshore oil 海上石油offshore petroleum resources 海洋石油资源oil accumulation 石油积聚 oil asphalt 石油沥青oil base 油基；石油特性 oil boom 拦油栅；石油热oil boycott 石油抵制 oil broker 石油经纪人oil cold test 石油产品浊点或凝固点测定oil company 石油公司 oil concession 石油特许权oil conservation 石油资源保护 oil consuming countries 石油消费国oil country tubular goods 石油管材 oil crisis 石油危机oil deficit 石油逆差 oil dehydrating 石油脱水oil dehydrator 石油脱水器 oil delivery 石油输送oil demand 石油需求 oil deposit 石油矿床oil development 石油开发 oil dewaxing 石油脱蜡oil distillate 石油馏分 oil dollar 石油美元oil embargo 石油禁运 oil emplacement 石油侵位oil engineer 石油工程师 oil entrapment 石油捕集作用oil equipment 石油设备 oil exchange 石油交易所oil exploration 石油勘探 oil exportiog countries 石油出口国oil extraction 石油抽提 oil finder 石油勘探工作者oil fire 石油火焰；石油燃烧造成的火灾oil fuel 石油燃料 oil gas tar 石油裂解焦油oil gas 石油裂解气 oil gasification 石油气化oil gauge 油表；油尺；油面指示器；石油比重计oil generation zone 石油生成带 oil generation 石油生成oil genesis 石油成因 oil geology 石油地质oil glut 石油过剩 oil gradient line 石油梯度线oil hydrometer 石油比重测定仪 oil in situ 原地石油储量oil in reserve 储存油；尚未能利用的石油储量oil indication 石油显示 oil industry 石油工业oil initially in place 原始石油地质储量oil jetty 石油码头 oil magnate 石油大王oil market simulation 石油市场模拟oil marketer 石油销售商 oil measurement 石油计量oil meter 石油计量器 oil migration 石油运移oil mining method 石油采矿法 oil money 石油资金oil origin 石油成因 oil package 石油产品容器oil patch 含油岩屑；油斑；石油勘探、开采和油田管道铺设所涉及的地域；油田oil payment 产量提成；以石油支付 oil permit 石油装载许可证oil pitch 石油沥青 oil pollution 石油污染oil potential 潜在石油储量 oil power 石油动力；石油动力机oil producer 石油生产商；产油井 oil product 石油产品oil production 石油开采；采油量 oil properties 石油性质oil promoter 石油推销人；卖油再钻新井油商oil prospecting 石油勘探 oil puncher 石油经纪商oil reserves 石油储量 oil resources 石油资源oil royalty 石油矿区使用费 oil search 石油普查oil selfsufficiency 石油自给 oil share markets 石油股票市场 oil shock 石油冲击 oil shortage 石油不足oil shrinkage loss 石油收缩损失 oil shrinkage 石油收缩oil stock market 石油股票市场 oil storage 石油储存；储油库oil storing 石油储存 oil trap 石油圈闭；隔油池oil vapour 石油蒸汽 oil weapon 石油武器oil 油；石油 oil-fuel depot 石油燃料库oil-impregnation 石油浸染 oil-rich 富含石油的oil-transferring 石油输送；油传送onshore oil terminal 陆岸石油集输终端origin of oil 石油成因 origin of petroleum 石油生成original oil volume factor 原始石油体积系数paper barrel 纸面石油 pet 石油Pet.Engr. 石油工程师 pet.pord 石油产品petro-technology 石油技术 petrobitumen 石油沥青petrochemical complex 石油化工 petrochemical equipment 石油化工设备petrochemical plant 石油化工厂 petrochemical process 石油化工过程petrochemical processing 石油化学加工petrochemical unit 石油化工装置petrochemical waste disposal 石油化学废料处置petrochemical 岩石化学的；石油化学的；石油化学产品petrochemicals 石油化学产品 petrochemistry 岩石化学；石油化学 petrodollars 石油美元 petrogenic gas 石油气petrolene 石油烯；软沥青petroleum accumulation 石油聚集 petroleum additive 石油添加剂petroleum aromatics 石油芳烃 petroleum asphalt 石油沥青petroleum base rust preventive 石油基防锈剂petroleum base 石油基 petroleum benzine 石油醚petroleum bitumen 石油沥青 petroleum black 石油烟黑petroleum bloom 石油萤光 petroleum chemicals 石油化学品petroleum cloud point tester 石油浊点测定仪petroleum coal 固体石油 petroleum coke 石油焦petroleum composition 石油组成 petroleum contract 石油合同petroleum convertibility 石油可逆性petroleum cuts 石油馏分 petroleum demand 石油需求petroleum derivative 石油衍生物 petroleum drilling 石油钻井petroleum emulsion breaker 石油破乳装置petroleum energy elasticity 石油能源弹性值petroleum engineer 石油工程师 petroleum engineering 石油工程petroleum engineering economics 石油工程经济学petroleum ester 石油酯 petroleum ether insolubles 石油醚不溶物petroleum ether 石油醚 petroleum exhaust 石油废气petroleum exploration hydrodynamics 石油勘探流体动力学petroleum exploration-oriented hydrodynamic evaluation 石油勘探水动力评价petroleum fermentation process 石油发酵过程petroleum fermentation 石油发酵petroleum fraction 石油馏分 petroleum gas oil 石油气体油petroleum gas 石油气 petroleum genesis 石油形成petroleum geochemistry 石油地球化学petroleum geologist 石油地质学家petroleum geology 石油地质学 petroleum geophysics 石油地球物理学petroleum hydrocarbon 石油烃 petroleum hydrogeology 石油水文地质学petroleum industry 石油工业 petroleum jelly 石油膏petroleum microbiology 石油微生物学petroleum microorganism 石油微生物 petroleum migration 石油运移 petroleum mining machinery 石油机械 petroleum operation 石油作业petroleum nitrogen base 石油中的含氮碱petroleum origin 石油生成 petroleum pipe line 石油管道 petroleum pitch enamel 石油沥青漆 petroleum processing 石油加工 petroleum production act 石油生产法 petroleum products 石油产品 petroleum prospecting 石油勘探 petroleum refinery 石油炼厂petroleum refining 石油加工 petroleum regulation 石油管理法规petroleum reserves 石油储量 petroleum resin 石油树脂petroleum resources 石油资源 petroleum revenue tax 石油所得税petroleum series 石油系列 petroleum solvent 石油溶剂petroleum spirit 石油溶剂 petroleum transport 石油运输 petroleum sulfonate flood 石油磺酸盐溶液驱油petroleum trap 石油圈闭 petroleum vapor 石油蒸气petroleum 石油 petroleum-associated water 石油伴生水petroleum-in-place 石油地质储量petroleum-like hydrocarbon 类石油烃petrolic 石油的 petroligenic natural gas 石油天然气petrolite 石油岩 petrolwum tar sand 含石油沥青的岩石或砂petromoney 石油资金 petronol 液体石油脂petroporphyrin 石油卟啉；岩卟啉 petropower 石油权力petroprotein 石油蛋白 physical oil 实物石油posted oil price 石油标价 prospective oil 远景石油储量products pipeline operation 石油成品的顺序输送postlithifaction oil 岩化期后石油prelithifaction oil 岩化期前石油protopetroleum 原生石油 pteroleum base 石油基地rationing of petroleum products 石油产品定量分配real oil losses 实际石油损耗 recoverable oil 可采石油remaining recoverable oil in place 地下剩余可采石油reservoir oil viscosity 储层石油粘度rock oil 石油 royalty oil 政府拥有的石油saponated petroleum 皂化石油 search for oil 勘查石油semi-asphaltic flux 半石油沥青 sherwood oil 石油醚single train LPG plant 单套液化石油气装置solid petroleum 固态石油 specifications API 美国石油学会规范sponge coke 海绵状石油焦 spot oil market 石油现货市场spot sample 个别试样；代表在容器一定水平面上的石油产品质量的试样 sterling oil 英磅石油 sticky oil 高粘度石油stone oil 石油 storage jug 地下液化石油气储穴strategic oil inventory 石油战略储备strategic oil reserve 石油战略储备stripped oil 脱去汽油的石油 sulfur-bearing oil 含硫石油supplementary petroleum duty 补充石油税surplus of oil production 石油生产过剩syngenetic oil 同生石油 tail of tender 石油成品管输时的尾部tank volume 储罐容积；油罐中油的体积；换算成标准条件下的石油体积 Tertiary crudes 第三纪石油theory of inorganic origin 石油无机成因说theory of organic origin 石油有机成因说thinned oil 稀释石油 trading oil 纸面石油transit revenues from oil 石油过境税trapping of oil 石油圈闭作用 travel of oil 石油运移trinascol 稠硫沥青石油uncompensated drainage 无赔偿的石油流失underground liquefied petroleum gas storage 地下液化石油气库；液化石油气地下储存unrecovered oil 残留石油 vaseline 石油冻；矿脂；凡士林 venturaite 富氮石油 virgin oil 未开采的石油virgin tank oil 换算成地面条件下的未开采石油warrenite 含石蜡和异构石蜡混合物的气态或液态沥青；石蜡石油wax containing asphalt 含蜡石油沥青 wet barrel 实物石油white spirit 石油溶剂 younger oil 初期石油。

石油专业术语

1 石油地质1.1 石油Petroleum一种存在于岩石孔隙和裂隙等介质中的、以烃类为主及数量不等的非烃类复杂含碳化合物混合组成的、呈液态、粘稠态的油脂状天然可燃矿物。

1.2 石油沥青类Petroleum asphalts，Petroleum bitumens天然石油气、石油及其衍生物固体沥青、地蜡等的统称。

也包括用氯仿等有机溶剂从现代沉积物或古代岩石中抽提出来的可溶性沥青。

1.3 人造石油Artificial petroleum由油页岩或焦油砂或天然气或煤等作原料制成的类似天然石油的液态烃产品。

1.4 烃Hydrocarbon一切碳氢化合物的统称和简称。

是仅由碳和氢两种化学元素以各种不同的原子数比例和不同的结合方式组成的一类有机化合物。

依其碳键结合方式、结构和性质的不同，可作如下概括分类：烃类开链烃(脂肪烃)闭链烃(环烃)饱和烃烷烃正构(直链)烷烃异构(支链)烷烃不饱和烃烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃饱和烷烃——环烷烃不饱和环烃环烯烃芳香烃脂环烃同义词：碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon1.5 饱和烃Saturated hydrocarbon烃分子中的碳原子除碳—碳之间以单键相连外，其余的碳价均由氢原子所饱和的碳氢化合物。

注：饱和烃可分为开链的和闭链的两类。

前者属烷烃，后者属环烷烃。

1.6 烷烃Paraffin alkane指化学通式为CnH2n-2(n为碳原子数)的一种开链饱和烃。

依其碳链上是否带有支(侧)链，可分为正构烷烃和异构烷烃两类。

1.7 正构烷烃N-alkane碳原子之间以单链相连，且呈直链式的烷烃。

简称正烷烃。

同义词：直链烷烃Straight chain alkane1.8 异构烷烃Isoalkane碳原子之间以单键相连，其碳链上带有支(侧)链的烷烃。

简称异烷。

同义词：支链烷烃Branched alkane1.9 甲烷Methabe最简单一种烷烃，含有一个碳原子和4个氢原子，其化学式为CH4。