Part Three.ppt(2)

Exercise I to Sentence
• 10. This is what I think. I shall be glad to be corrected if I am wrong. • 11. What we worried about is his lacking confidence in himself. • 12. They watched television and enjoyed themselves immediately, but we couldn’t see the program because our television was broken.
Exercise I to the Sentence
• Tell what sentence the following are by sentence structure: • 1. The students have made better grades in the past few weeks • 2. Since liberation, the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Party, are marching from victory to victory.
1) Simple Sentence • The simple sentence is a sentence which contains only one subject and one predicate verb, either subjects or predicate verbs can be coordinated.
• On the contrary, a periodic rends to create an effect of anticipation and suspension, since the reader has to read till the end before he knows what exactly it is said in the sentence. • And sometimes such a sentence can create a fairly strong rhetoric effect. e.g.:
• (3)On hearing the news, she was saddened, and I was angered. • (4)To eat is to live, but to live is not to eat. • (5)Money I have no; life I have but one.
• Well, we had the loveliest day up among the hills that you could possibly imagine, and Father caught such big salmons that he felt sure that Mother couldn’t have landed them anyway if she had been fishing for them, and Will and I fished too though we didn’t get so many as Father, and the two girls met quite a lot of people that they knew as we drove along, and there were some young men friends of theirs that they met along this stream and talked to, and so we all had a splendid time.
• (1) Definition of Parallelism • (2) 4 kinds of Parallelism
Parallelism/Parallel Construction
• d) a series of sentences • There is no reason for us to be enemies. • Neither of us seeks the territory of the other; • neither of us seeks domination; • Neither of us seeks to stretch out our hands and rule the we Sentence
• 3. The students I teach have made better grades in the past few weeks. • 4. What he said is not true. • 5.It must have rained last night, for the ground this morning is wet. • 6. Most of us were in the hall, the doors closed, and the latesomers had to wait outside.
3) Complex Sentences • The complex sentence refers to a sentence which contains a main clause and one or more than one subordinated clauses.
• Notes: • Short simple sentences, with their forcefulness, are often used to make emphatic or important statements; • while long complex sentences, with all kinds of modifiers, express comprehensive ideas clearly and accurately.
• To sum up, in a parallel construction, all the parallel items have to be kept consistent both in form and in function, and in addition, at least between the last two items, there should usually be a coordinating conjunction, such as and, but, or, yet, so, for, while, both…and…, not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…, etc.
• Compare these two: • a. You can not make great progress in English without good study habits. • b. Without good study habits, you can not make great progress in English．
Part Three The Sentence (2)
II. Types of Sentence
• 1. By Use • 2. By Structure • 3. By Rhetoric • 4. By Length
• E.g. • ①The old couple loved their pretty daughter very much. (Declarative) • ②Who is it on the phone? (Interrogative) • ③Be silent, please. (Imperative) • ④How I longed to visit the seaside city! (Exclamatory)
3. By rhetoric • 1) loose sentence • 2) periodic sentence • 3) balanced sentence
3. By rhetoric
• 1) loose sentence • A loose sentence has its subject and predicate first, followed by modifiers and other detailed. Or: A loose sentence puts the main idea before all supplementary information. • E.g. • ①Mother decided to take the job though she didn’t like it very much. • ②The students will be dismissed once the class is over.
• But, of course, whether a sentence is called loose or periodic is determined in view of its rhetoric perspective, significance and effect. • When we try to be natural, smooth, direct and easy to touch the point, we use a loose sentence. e.g.:
• e.g.: • ①John and Mary went to school and studied together. • ②Susan entered the room, turned on the light, sat down and took a rest. • Sometimes a simple sentence is not simple in contents, only simple in structure.