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TL-2000 Sting Sport 零件目录说明书

TL – 2000 Sting Sport
Illustrated parts catalog
03 – FLIGHT CONTROLS INSTALLATION
-2-
AILERON SYSTEM
TL – 2000 Sting Sport
Illustrated parts catalog
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STING – 3 – 7 R
Rod No.2- right wing
1
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STING – 3 – 8 R
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Rocking lever No.1
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Rocking lever No.2
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Aileron -left
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Aileron -right
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ČSN 02 1143
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FLAP SYSTEM
TL – 2000 Sting Sport
Illustrated parts catalog
04 – FLIGHT CONTROLS INSTALLATION
-6-
FLAP SYSTEM
TL – 2000 Sting Sport
Illustrated parts catalog
Illustrated parts catalog
ITEM
PART NUMBER
NOMENCLATURE
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KR-TR 12x1
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环境影响评价工程师环境影响评价技术方法真题2011年_真题-无答案

环境影响评价工程师环境影响评价技术方法真题2011年(总分100,考试时间180分钟)一、单项选择题(每题有四个选项，只有一个最符合题意)1. 由大气降水过程导致的表层土壤中的污染物渗入含水层的污染类型属于______污染。

A. 间歇入渗型B. 连续入渗型C. 含水层间越流型D. 径流型2. 某种保护动物，其生境相同、数量相当的四个种群的年龄结构图如下所示，其中最易灭绝的种群是______。

A. 种群一B. 种群二C. 种群三D. 种群四3. 某半干旱地区的陆生植被生物生产量为2.6t/(km2·a)。

根据荒漠化量化指标，可判定该区域荒漠化程度为______。

A. 潜在荒漠化B. 严重荒漠化C. 强烈发展的荒漠化D. 正在发展的荒漠化4. 某乔木林样方面积为100m2，样方调查结果如下表。

样方中物种丙的优势度、相对优势度分别为______。

A. 0.4、40%B. 0.4、50%C. 0.5、40%D. 0.5、50%5. 土壤侵蚀量计算方法为______。

A. 侵蚀面积×侵蚀模数B. 侵蚀面积/侵蚀模数C. 侵蚀模数/侵蚀面积D. 侵蚀模数×侵蚀时间6. 某建设工程迹地位于华南低山区，雨量充沛。

按植被分布特征判断，自然状态下多年后可能出现的植被类型是______。

A. 云杉群落B. 红松群落C. 华山松群落D. 马尾松群落7. 某新建公路连接甲、乙两城市，选线方案中经过国家重点保护植物集中分布地的方案是路径最短、最经济的方案。

为保护环境，工程方案中应优先考虑的措施是______。

A. 迁地保护B. 育种种植C. 货币补偿D. 选线避让8. 某预测点与直径3m的风机相距20m，风机噪声声功率为90dB(A)。

假设风机位于半自由空间，在仅考虑几何发散衰减时，预测点处声级为______。

A. 50dB(A)B. 53dB(A)C. 56dB(A)D. 64dB(A)9. 室内靠近侧墙处，频率为1000Hz声波的声压级为85dB，室内声场近似为扩散声场。

时钟周期的计算

单片机的定时器的周期怎么算?就是比如定时器TF0置1的时间,我的晶振是11。

0592MHz的怎么算还有就是时钟周期,状态周期,机器周期的概念和联系及换算?你的不明白其实就是对于定时器的初值问题,11.0592是始终的晶振,时钟周期就是1/11.0592M 而定时器的周期就是12/11.0592 因为51单片机是12分频的。

还有很多......如果你写的是C的话建议这样写TMOD=0X01// 定时器0方式1TH0=(65535-50000)/256;//因为是16位计数假设晶振为12MHZ 11.0592的是4600多吧,自己算算...TL=(65536-50000)%256;EA=1;ET0=1;TR0=1;主要的计算就是其中的50000 中断一次所需要的时间就是50000乘以刚才所算的定时器的周期(这个是50MS)也就是你说的:就是比如定时器TF0置1的时间中断的时候TF0 要求CPU 中断而引起中断好了12倍的时间周期就是机械周期,(刚才说过是12分频的)时钟周期:时钟周期也称为振荡周期,定义为时钟脉冲的倒数(可以这样来理解,时钟周期就是单片机外接晶振的倒数,例如12M的晶振,它的时间周期就是1/12 us),是计算机中最基本的、最小的时间单位。

在一个时钟周期内,CPU仅完成一个最基本的动作。

对于某种单片机,若采用了1MHZ的时钟频率,则时钟周期为1us;若采用4MHZ的时钟频率,则时钟周期为250us。

由于时钟脉冲是计算机的基本工作脉冲,它控制着计算机的工作节奏(使计算机的每一步都统一到它的步调上来)。

显然,对同一种机型的计算机,时钟频率越高,计算机的工作速度就越快。

8051单片机把一个时钟周期定义为一个节拍(用P表示),二个节拍定义为一个状态周期(用S表示)。

机器周期:在计算机中,为了便于管理,常把一条指令的执行过程划分为若干个阶段,每一阶段完成一项工作。

例如,取指令、存储器读、存储器写等,这每一项工作称为一个基本操作。

TL-AT011变频器说明书

TL-AT011变频器说明书
1、改变方向。

按此键可改变电动机的旋转方向。

2、启动变频器。

3、停止变频器运行。

4、电动机点动。

在变频器无输出的情况下，按下此键，将使电动机启动，并按预先设置的点动频率运行。

释放此键时变频器停止运行。

5、访问参数。

按此键可访问变频器的参数。

6、减小数值。

按此键可减小面板上显示的数值。

7、增大数值。

按此键可增大面板上显示的数值。

8、此键用于浏览辅助信息。

按下此键并保持不动，将从运行时的任何一个参数开始浏览，显示的数据有直流回路电压（用d表示）、输出电流（A）、输出频率（Hz）、输出电压（0）、P0005选定的数值。

9、状态显示。

显示变频器当前使用的设置值。

TL100H 变频器说明书

4、RS485 串行通讯协议 .............................................错误！未定义书签。
4.1、主要性能 ......................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4.2、硬件连接示意图 ............................................. 错误！未定义书签。 4.3、通讯说明 ......................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4.4、通讯过程 ......................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4.6、协议描述 ......................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4.6.1、报文格式 ...................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4.7、格式说明 ......................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
4.7.1、任务报文格式 .......................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4.7.2、响应报文格式 .......................................... 错误！未定义书签。
5、维护与检查 ............................................................................................ 29

tl494中文资料 (2)

TL494中文资料1. 简介TL494 是一款集成电路芯片，主要用于开关电源和斩波控制电路。

它采用了 BCD 工艺及扩散抑制技术，可以实现高频斩波控制，提供了多种保护功能和优化的控制特性。

在开关模式电源和直流电源转换器中，TL494可以通过控制开关频率、占空比和参考电压等参数，实现高效率、稳定的电源转换。

本文将介绍 TL494 的基本特性、内部结构和典型应用等内容。

2. 基本特性•工作电压范围：4.5V 至 40V•内部参考电压：5V•输入偏置电流：5mA•最大输出电源电流：200mA•工作温度范围：0°C 至 70°C•内部斜坡调节电路，可实现软启动功能•超宽工作频率范围：100Hz 至 500kHz3. 内部结构TL494 主要由以下功能模块组成：3.1 错误放大器TL494 中包含两个错误放大器，用于比较反馈信号和参考电压，产生 PWM 控制信号，控制开关管的导通时间。

3.2 锁相环 (PLL)TL494 的 PLL 模块用于产生稳定的内部斩波频率。

它通过比较参考电压和反馈信号，生成一个稳定的频率信号，用于控制开关管的导通时间。

3.3 误差放大器误差放大器用于控制 PWM 信号的占空比。

根据反馈信号和参考电压的比较结果，误差放大器会调整PWM 信号的占空比，保持输出电压稳定。

3.4 输出驱动器输出驱动器用于驱动开关管的导通和关断。

它可以根据PWM 信号的控制，实现对开关管的精确控制。

3.5 过流保护电路过流保护电路可以对输出电流进行监测，并在电流超过设定值时，采取相应的保护措施，以保护开关管和负载。

4. 典型应用TL494 的主要应用领域是开关电源和直流电源转换器。

它具有以下优点：•可实现高效率的能量转换，适用于各种功率需求的电源设计•内部集成了多种保护功能，如过流保护、过温保护等，可以有效提高系统的可靠性•具备较高的频率工作范围，可以适应多种应用场景•内部结构复杂，但只需少量外围器件即可实现•提供了丰富的控制接口，便于系统集成和控制最常见的应用包括开关电源、电池充电器和逆变器等。

TL074IDT,TL074IDT,TL074IDT,TL074ACDT,TL074ACDT,TL074ACDT,TL074IYDT,TL074IYDT, 规格书,Datasheet 资料

This is information on a product in full production.July 2012Doc ID 2297 Rev 41/16TL074Low noise JFET quad operational amplifierDatasheet — production dataFeatures■Wide common-mode (up to V CC +) and differential voltage range ■Low input bias and offset current ■Low noise e n = 15nV/ √Hz (typ)■Output short-circuit protection■High input impedance JFET input stage ■Low harmonic distortion : 0.01% (typical)■Internal frequency compensation ■Latch up free operation ■High slew rate: 16V/µs (typical)DescriptionThe TL074, TL074A and TL074B are high-speed JFET input single operational amplifiers. Each of these JFET input operational amplifiersincorporates well matched, high-voltage JFET and bipolar transistors in a monolithic integrated circuit.The devices feature high slew rates, low input bias and offset currents, and low offset voltage temperature coefficient.Schematic diagram TL0742/16Doc ID 2297 Rev 41 Schematic diagramTL074Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditionsDoc ID 2297 Rev 43/162Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditionsTable 1.Absolute maximum ratingsSymbol ParameterValueUnitTL074I, AI, BITL074C, AC, BC V CC Supply voltage (1)±18V V i Input voltage (2) ±15V V id Differential input voltage (3)±30V P tot Power dissipation680mW R thjaThermal resistance junction to ambient (4)(5)DIP14SO-1480105°C/W R thjcThermal resistance junction to case (4)(5)DIP14SO-143331°C/WOutput short-circuit duration (6)InfiniteT oper Operating free-air temperature range -40 to +1050 to +70°C T stgStorage temperature range -65 to +150°C ESDHBM: human body model (7)1kV MM: machine model (8)200V CDM: charged device model (9)1.5kV1.All voltage values, except differential voltage, are with respect to the zero reference level (ground) of the supply voltageswhere the zero reference level is the midpoint between V CC + and V CC -.2.The magnitude of the input voltage must never exceed the magnitude of the supply voltage or 15 volts, whichever is less.3.Differential voltages are the non-inverting input terminal with respect to the inverting input terminal.4.Short-circuits can cause excessive heating. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short-circuits on allamplifiers.5.Rth are typical values.6.The output may be shorted to ground or to either supply. Temperature and/or supply voltages must be limited to ensurethat the dissipation rating is not exceeded.7.Human body model: 100pF discharged through a 1.5k Ω resistor between two pins of the device, done for all couples of pincombinations with other pins floating.8.Machine model: a 200pF cap is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the devicewith no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5Ω), done for all couples of pin combinations with other pins floating.9.Charged device model: all pins plus package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly tothe ground.Table 2.Operating conditionsSymbol ParameterTL074I, AI, BITL074C, AC, BCUnit V CC Supply voltage6 to 36VT operOperating free-air temperature range-40 to +1050 to +70°C3 ElectricalcharacteristicsTable 3.V CC = ±15V, T amb = +25°C (unless otherwise specified)Symbol Parameter TL074I,AC,AI, BC,BI TL074CUnit Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.V io Input offset voltage (R s= 50Ω)T amb = +25°C TL074TL074ATL074BT min≤T amb≤T max TL074TL074ATL074B3311063137531013mVDV io Input offset voltage drift1010µV/°CI io Input offset currentT amb = +25°CT min≤T amb≤T max51004510010pAnAI ib Input bias current -note (1)T amb = +25°CT min≤T amb≤T max20200203020020pAnAA vd Large signal voltage gain R L= 2kΩ, V o=±10VT amb = +25°CT min≤T amb≤T max50252002515200V/mVSVR Supply voltage rejection ratio (R S= 50Ω)T amb = +25°CT min≤T amb≤T max808086707086dBI CC Supply current, no loadT amb = +25°CT min≤T amb≤T max1.42.52.51.42.52.5mAV icm Input common mode voltage range ±11+15-12±11+15-12VCMR Common mode rejection ratio (R S= 50Ω)T amb = +25°CT min≤T amb≤T max808086707086dBI os Output short-circuit currentT amb = +25°CT min≤T amb≤T max10104060601010406060mA±V opp Output voltage swingT amb = +25°C RL = 2kΩRL = 10kΩT min≤ T amb≤T max RL = 2kΩRL = 10kΩ101210121213.5101210121213.5VSR Slew rateV in = 10V, R L = 2kΩ, C L = 100pF, unity gain813813V/µs4/16Doc ID 2297 Rev 4Doc ID 2297 Rev 45/16t rRise timeV in = 20mV , R L = 2k Ω, C L = 100pF , unity gain0.10.1µsK ovOvershootV in = 20mV , R L = 2k Ω, C L = 100pF , unity gain1010%GBP Gain bandwidth product V in = 10mV , R L = 2k Ω, C L = 100pF , = 100kHz 2323MHz R i Input resistance10121012ΩTHDTotal harmonic distortionf= 1kHz, R L = 2k Ω,C L = 100pF , A v = 20dB, V o = 2V pp )0.010.01%e n Equivalent input noise voltage R S = 100Ω,f = 1kHz 1515∅m Phase margin 4545degreesV o1/V o2Channel separation A v = 100120120dB1.The input bias currents are junction leakage currents which approximately double for every 10°C increase in the junctiontemperature.Table 3.V CC = ±15V, T amb = +25°C (unless otherwise specified) (continued)SymbolParameterTL074I,AC,AI, BC,BITL074CUnitMin.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.nV Hz -----------Figure 2.Maximum peak-to-peak outputFigure 3.Maximum peak-to-peak outputFigure 4.Maximum peak-to-peak output Figure 5.Maximum peak-to-peak outputFigure 6.Maximum peak-to-peak output Figure 7.Maximum peak-to-peak output6/16Doc ID 2297 Rev 4Doc ID 2297 Rev 47/16Figure 8.Input bias current versus free air temperatureFigure 9.Large signal differential voltage amplification versus free airFigure rge signal differential voltageamplification and phase shift Figure 11.Total power dissipation versus freeair temperatureFigure 12.Supply current per amplifier versus Figure mon mode rejection ratioFigure 14.Voltage follower large signal pulseFigure 15.Output voltage versus elapsed timeFigure 16.Equivalent input noise voltage8/16Doc ID 2297 Rev 4TL074Parameter measurement information 4 Parameter measurement informationDoc ID 2297 Rev 49/16Typical applications TL07410/16Doc ID 2297 Rev 45 Typical applicationsTL074Typical applicationsDoc ID 2297 Rev 411/16Figure 22.Output AFigure 23.Output BSECOND ORDER BANDPASS FILTER fo = 100kHz; Q = 30; Gain = 16CASCADED BANDPASS FILTER fo = 100kHz; Q = 69; Gain = 16Package information TL07412/16Doc ID 2297 Rev 46 Package informationIn order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades ofECOP ACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK® specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: . ECOPACK is an ST trademark.6.1 DIP14 package informationTable 4.DIP14 package mechanical dataRef.MillimetersInches Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.a10.510.020B 1.391.650.0550.065b 0.50.020b10.250.010D 200.787E 8.50.335e 2.540.100e315.240.600F 7.10.280I 5.10.201L 3.30.130Z1.272.540.0500.100TL074Package informationDoc ID 2297 Rev 413/166.2 SO-14 package informationPackage information TL074Table 5.SO-14 mechanical datammDim.Min.Typ.Max.A 1.35 1.75A1 0.100.25A2 1.10 1.65B 0.330.51C 0.190.25D 8.558.75E 3.80 4.00e 1.27H 5.80 6.20h0.250.50L 0.40 1.27K 08e0.40ddd0.1014/16Doc ID 2297 Rev 4TL074Ordering informationDoc ID 2297 Rev 415/167 Ordering information8 Revision historyTable 6.Order codesOrder code TemperaturerangePackagePackingMarking TL074IN TL074AIN TL074BIN -40°C, +105°C DIP14TubeTL074IN TL074AIN TL074BIN TL074ID/IDT TL074AID/AIDT TL074BID/BIDT SO-14Tube or tape & reel 074I 074AI 074BI TL074IYDT (1)TL074AIYDT (1)TL074BIYDT (1)1.Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screeningaccording to AEC Q001 & Q 002 or equivalent are on-going.SO-14Tube or tape & reel074IY 074AIY 074BIY TL074CN TL074ACN TL074BCN 0°C, +70°CDIP14TubeTL074CN TL074ACN TL074BCN TL074CD/CDT TL074ACD/ACDT TL074BCD/BCDTSO-14Tube or tape & reel074C 074AC 074BCTable 7.Document revision historyDate RevisionChanges28-Mar-20011Initial release.30-Jul-20072Added values for R thja , R thjc and ESD in T able 1: Absolute maximumratings .Added Table 2: Operating conditions .Expanded T able 6: Order codes .Format update.07-Jul-20083Removed information concerning military temperature ranges (TL074Mx, TL074AMx, TL074BMx).Added automotive grade order codes in Table 6: Order codes .04-Jul-20124Removed commercial types TL074IYD, TL074AIYD, TL074BIYD.Updated Table 6: Order codes .TL074Please Read Carefully:Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice.All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale.Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein.No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoever of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein.UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION), OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. UNLESS EXPRESSLY APPROVED IN WRITING BY TWO AUTHORIZED ST REPRESENTATIVES, ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED, AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED FOR USE IN MILITARY, AIR CRAFT, SPACE, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS, NOR IN PRODUCTS OR SYSTEMS WHERE FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION MAY RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY, DEATH, OR SEVERE PROPERTY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. ST PRODUCTS WHICH ARE NOT SPECIFIED AS "AUTOMOTIVE GRADE" MAY ONLY BE USED IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS AT USER’S OWN RISK.Resale of ST products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by ST for the ST product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any liability of ST.ST and the ST logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ST in various countries.Information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied.The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners.© 2012 STMicroelectronics - All rights reservedSTMicroelectronics group of companiesAustralia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan - Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Philippines - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America16/16Doc ID 2297 Rev 4。

TL双模(V3.30.601)中国移动ZXSDR RRU性能指标参考_R1.0

12W （单通道）
FA:20W （单通道）
FA:40W( 单通道)
支持双天支持8天线支持8天线线（两个智能线阵/ 智能线阵/ 通道都对圆阵天线圆阵天线应FA） 2.5G 6G 10G 1 2.5G 6G 10G 1 2.5G 6G 10G 6
6
R8972E M192023
R8972S M1920
3W@6载波 7W@9载波 7W@12载波 F:9W 9W （单通（单通（单通（单通 A:5W（单道）道）道）道）通道）
F:20W A:16W （单通道）
20W （单通道）
A:16W E:20W （单通道）
16W （单通道）
支持8/6/4 天线智能线阵/圆阵天线
支持8/6/4 天线智能线阵/圆阵天线
ZXTR ZXTR ZXTR ZXTR ZXTR ZXTR R01 ZXTR R11大功 R11A大功 R21大功 R21A大功 R04四通单通道 R08i八通设备型号率单通道率单通道率单通道率单通道 RRU 道RRU 道RRU RRU RRU RRU RRU 548×388× 140 尺寸（高（外置交 ×宽× 480×440× 320×300× 370×290× 370×290× 315×235× 315×235× 流电源 200 136 135 135 105 105 深） 288×258× （mm） 104，含把手、散 25kg 热齿）（外置交 8kg 11 kg 11 kg ≤7Kg ≤7Kg 满配重量 28kg 流电源小于5kg） 82W （最大按照1、 5时隙配置）68W （平均按照3、3时隙配置） 220VAC （145V286V， 45Hz65Hz）， -48V DC （-60V~38V） 82W （最大按照1、 5时隙配置）68W 175 （平均按照3、3时隙配置） 220VAC （145V286V， 45Hz65Hz）， -48V DC （-60V~38V） -48V DC （-57V~36V）， 220VAC （85V300V， 45Hz65Hz）

SMA Sunny Tripower 15000TL 20000TL 25000TL 商品说明书

SUNNY TRIPOWER15000TL / 20000TL / 25000TLS T P 15000T L -30 / S T P 20000T L -30 / S T P 25000T L -30Efficient• Maximum efficiency of 98.4%• Yield increase without installation effort due to integrated shade management SMA ShadeFixFlexible• DC input voltage of up to 1000 V • Multistring capability for optimum system design • Optional displayInnovative• Cutting-edge grid management func-tions with Integrated Plant Control • Reactive power available 24/7 (Q on Demand 24/7)Safe• DC surge arrester (SPD type II) can be integratedSUNNY TRIPOWER 15000TL / 20000TL / 25000TLThe versatile specialist for large-scale commercial plants and solar power plantsThe Sunny Tripower is the ideal inverter for large-scale commercial and industrial plants. Not only does it deliver extraordinary high yields with an efficiency of 98.4%, but it also offers enormous design flexibility and compatibility with many PV modules thanks to its multistring capabilities and wide input voltage range.The future is now: the Sunny Tripower comes with cutting-edge grid management functions such as Integrated Plant Control, which allows the inverter to regulate reactive power at the point of common coupling. Separate con-trollers are no longer needed, lowering system costs. Another new feature—reactive power provision on demand (Q on Demand 24/7).Intelligent service with SMA Smart ConnectedSMA SMART CONNECTEDThe integrated service for ease and comfort SMA Smart Connected* is the free monitoring of the inverter via the SMA Sunny Portal. If there is an inverter fault, SMA proactively informs the PV system operator and the installer. This saves valuable working time and costs.With SMA Smart Connected, the installer benefits from rapid diagnoses by SMA. They can thus quickly rectify the fault and score points with the customer thanks to the attraction of additional services.* Details: see document “Description of Services – SMA SMART CONNECTED”AccessoryRS485 interface DM-485CB-10DC surge arrester Typ II, inputs A and B DCSPD KIT3-10Power Control Module PWCMOD-10Multifunction relay MFR01-10● Standard features ○ Optional features — Not available Data at nominal conditions Status: 03/2020Technical DataSunny Tripower15000TL Sunny Tripower 20000TL Sunny Tripower 25000TLInput (DC)Max. generator power 27000 Wp 36000 Wp 45000 Wp DC rated power 15330 W 20440 W 25550 W Max. input voltage1000 V1000 V 1000 VMPP voltage range / rated input voltage 240 V to 800 V / 600 V 320 V to 800 V / 600 V 390 V to 800 V / 600 VMin. input voltage / start input voltage 150 V / 188 V 150 V / 188 V 150 V / 188 V Max. input current input A / input B33 A / 33 A 33 A / 33 A 33 A / 33 A Number of independent MPP inputs / strings per MPP input 2 / A:3; B:3 2 / A:3; B:3 2 / A:3; B:3Output (AC)Rated power (at 230 V, 50 Hz)15000 W 20000 W 25000 WMax. AC apparent power 15000 VA20000 VA 25000 VAAC nominal voltage 3 / N / PE; 220 V / 380 V 3 / N / PE; 230 V / 400 V 3 / N / PE; 240 V / 415 VAC voltage range180 V to 280 V AC grid frequency / range50 Hz / 44 Hz to 55 Hz 60 Hz / 54 Hz to 65 HzRated power frequency / rated grid voltage 50 Hz / 230 VMax. output current / Rated output current29 A / 21.7 A 29 A / 29 A 36.2 A / 36.2 APower factor at rated power / Adjustable displacement power factor 1 / 0 overexcited to 0 underexcitedTHD≤ 3%Feed-in phases / connection phases 3 / 3Eﬃ ciency Max. eﬃ ciency / European Eﬃ ciency 98.4% / 98.0%98.4% / 98.0%98.3% / 98.1%Protective devicesDC-side disconnection device●Ground fault monitoring / grid monitoring ● / ●DC surge arrester (Type II) can be integrated○DC reverse polarity protection / AC short-circuit current capability / galvanically isolated ● / ● / —All-pole sensitive residual-current monitoring unit●Protection class (according to IEC 62109-1) / overvoltage category (according to IEC 62109-1)I / AC: III; DC: IIGeneral dataDimensions (W / H / D)661 / 682 / 264 mm (26.0 / 26.9 / 10.4 inch)Weight61 kg (134.48 lb)Operating temperature range −25 °C to +60 °C (−13 °F to +140 °F)Noise emission (typical)51 dB(A)Self-consumption (at night) 1 WTopology / cooling conceptTransformerless / OpticoolDegree of protection (as per IEC 60529)IP65Climatic category (according to IEC 60721-3-4)4K4H Maximum permissible value for relative humidity (non-condensing)100%Features / function / Accessories DC connection / AC connection SUNCLIX / spring-cage terminalDisplay○Interface: RS485, Speedwire/Webconnect○ / ●Data interface: SMA Modbus / SunSpec Modbus ● / ●Multifunction relay / Power Control Module○ / ○Shade management SMA ShadeFix / Integrated Plant Control / Q on Demand 24/7● / ● / ●Off-Grid capable / SMA Fuel Save Controller compatible ● / ●Guarantee: 5 / 10 / 15 / 20 years ● / ○ / ○ / ○Certifi cates and permits (more available on request)* D oes not apply to all national appendices of EN 50438AS 4777, BDEW 2008, C10/11, CE, CEI 0-16, CEI 0-21, CNS 15382, CNS 15426, DEWA 2.0, DK1, DK2, EN 50549-1, EN 50549-2, G99/1, EN 50438:2013*, IEC 60068-2-x, IEC 61727, IEC 62109-1/2, IEC 62116, IS 16221-1/2, IS 16169, MEA 2013, NBR 16149, NEN EN 50438, NRS 097-2-1, PEA 2013, NTS, PPC, RD 1699/413, RD 661/2007, Res. n°7:2013, RfG compliant,SI4777, TOR generator, UTE C15-712-1, VDE 0126-1-1, VDE-AR-N 4105, VDE-AR-N 4110,VFR 2014Type designationSTP 15000TL-30STP 20000TL-30STP 25000TL-30SMA Solar Technology S T P 15-25T L -30-D S -e n -40 S M A a n d S u n n y T r i p o w e r a r e r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k s o f S M A S o l a r T e c h n o l o g y A G . S U N C L I X i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f P H O E N I X C O N T A C T G m b H & C o . K G . P r i n t e d o n F S C p a p e r . A l l p r o d u c t s a n d s e r v i c e s d e s c r i b e d a n d a l l t e c h n i c a l d a t a a r e s u b j e c t t o c h a n g e , e v e n f o r r e a s o n s o f c o u n t r y -s p e c i f i c d e v i a t i o n s , a t a n y t i m e w i t h o u t n o t i c e . S M A a s s u m e s n o l i a b i l i t y f o r t y p o g r a p h i c a l a n d o t h e r e r r o r s . F o r t h e l a t e s t i n f o r m a t i o n , p l e a s e v i s i t w w w .S M A -S o l a r .c o m .Professional PV system monitoring, management and data display。

薄壁铝合金压铸充型过程中铸件与铸型界面的换热行为

Abstract: The thinwall AlSi10MnMg aluminum alloy samples were prepared by high pressure die casting. The motion laws of pressshoot ram were recorded by a high speed camera system and the heat transfer coefficients between the casting and mold were calculated by the energy conservation equation. Therefore, the effects of different heat transfer coefficients on the simulated filling results were discussed. The results show that the filling fluidity length increases with the pouring temperature increasing; when the filling process is above the liquidus, the filling time and the heat transfer coefficient increase with the pouring temperature increasing. However, when the filling process is below the liquidus, the changes of the filling time and the heat transfer coefficient are insignificant. The simulations using the heat transfer coefficient which is calculated by the energy conservation equation are well consistent with the experimental results. Key words: thinwall aluminum alloy; high pressure die casting; filling process; heat transfer coefficient; simulation

TL957_Quality-Requirements_11-2011_eng

Group standard TL 957Issue 2011-11 Class. No.:8FG00D Descriptors:silicate glass, vehicle window pane, glass pane, window glassSilicate Glass for Vehicle WindowsQuality RequirementsPrevious issuesTL 957: 1966-10, 1968-07, 1970-05, 1975-06, 1981-11, 1982-09, 1984-09, 1985-07, 1985-11, 1986-08, 1987-01, 1988-03, 1988-06, 1989-07, 1993-07, 1997-07, 1999-02, 2000-06, 2000-09, 2001-11, 2002-10, 2006-02, 2008-10, 2011-09ChangesThe following changes have been made to TL 957: 2011-09:–Typographical mistakes in section 12.2 "Testing of reflection optics on vehicle window glasses" corrected: Distance from the window glass to the camera now 3 m instead of 1,6 m.Page 1 of 36 Always use the latest version of this standard.This electronically generated standard is authentic and valid without signature.The English translation is believed to be accurate. In case of discrepancies, the German version is alone authoritative and controlling.Numerical notation acc. to ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.Page 2TL 957: 2011-11DContentsPageScope .........................................................................................................................4Description .................................................................................................................4Abbreviations .............................................................................................................5Requirements .............................................................................................................5General requirements ................................................................................................5Mandatory documentation ..........................................................................................5Official type approval ..................................................................................................5Specimen sections .....................................................................................................5Marking (glass labeling) .............................................................................................6Location of marking ....................................................................................................6Dimensions of markings .............................................................................................7Logo ...........................................................................................................................7Manufacturer's code, company name, or logo ...........................................................7ECE approval mark ....................................................................................................7USA registration .........................................................................................................7Date ............................................................................................................................7Additional marking ......................................................................................................7Line spacing ...............................................................................................................8Lettering color ............................................................................................................8Character spacing ......................................................................................................8Content of marking .....................................................................................................8Delivery ......................................................................................................................8Edge treatment ...........................................................................................................8Scratches and other general flaws .............................................................................9Dimensional requirements .........................................................................................9Material requirements for laminated safety glass .......................................................9Requirements for composite quality ...........................................................................9Connecting films .........................................................................................................9Aging behavior ...........................................................................................................9Special requirements ...............................................................................................11Chemical interaction .................................................................................................11Weathering behavior ................................................................................................11Lightfastness ............................................................................................................11Moisture resistance ..................................................................................................11Boiling test ................................................................................................................12Corrosion resistance of infrared reflecting laminated safety glass ...........................12Mechanical requirements .........................................................................................12Tempered safety glass .............................................................................................12Ball drop tests ..........................................................................................................12Ball drop test "ANSI" ................................................................................................12Ball drop test "ECE" .................................................................................................12Fracture tests ...........................................................................................................12Side and rear window glasses .................................................................................12Windshield ................................................................................................................12Impact test ................................................................................................................12Abrasion test ............................................................................................................12Laminated safety glass and laminated heat-strengthened glass .............................13Dart tests ..................................................................................................................13Ball drop test ............................................................................................................1312344.14.24.34.44.54.5.14.5.1.14.5.1.24.5.24.5.2.14.5.2.24.5.2.34.5.2.44.5.2.54.5.34.5.44.5.54.64.75677.17.1.17.1.27.1.37.1.3.17.27.37.47.57.688.18.1.18.1.1.18.1.1.28.1.28.1.2.18.1.2.28.1.38.1.48.28.2.18.2.2Page 3TL 957: 2011-11DBall drop test "ECE" .................................................................................................13Puncture resistance .................................................................................................13Puncture resistance "ANSI" .....................................................................................13Puncture resistance "ECE" ......................................................................................13Abrasion test ............................................................................................................13Optical requirements (windshield, side, and rear window glasses, sun/glasssun roofs) .................................................................................................................13Float structure ..........................................................................................................13Orientation of window glass .....................................................................................13Optical deflection ......................................................................................................13Optical deflection for diagonal transparency ............................................................15Optical deflection for optical focal line at bottom ceramic edge ...............................15Transmission optics of wire-heated laminated safety glass windshields .................15Transmission optics of wire-heated laminated safety glass rear windows ...............16Laminated safety glass float optics ..........................................................................16Transmission optics of side glass from continuous prestressing processes ............16Permissible ghost image angles ..............................................................................17Spectral transmission and color coordinates on vehicle window glass ....................17Light transmission T L ................................................................................................17Color coordinates .....................................................................................................17Specification of vehicle window glasses ..................................................................18Sun/glass sun roofs ..................................................................................................19Reflection optics on vehicle window glass and sun/glass sun roofs ........................20Test report ................................................................................................................20Pre-production testing ..............................................................................................20Complete test report .................................................................................................20Optical defects of screen printing .............................................................................22Light transmission ....................................................................................................22Full print, permissible defects in the printed image, all window glasses ..................22Door window glasses ...............................................................................................22Screen/decorative print ............................................................................................22Measurement of the screen print .............................................................................23Measurement instructions ........................................................................................23Specimen preparation ..............................................................................................23Special requirements ...............................................................................................23Silver printing on window glass ................................................................................23Adhesion of heating and/or antenna imprint ............................................................24Laminated safety glass ............................................................................................24Adhesion of the bond ...............................................................................................24Internal stresses .......................................................................................................24Tempered safety glass .............................................................................................25Determination of the surface compressive stress ....................................................25Stresses at window glass edge ................................................................................25Laminated heat-strengthened glass .........................................................................26Adhesion of the bond ...............................................................................................26Visual inspection ......................................................................................................26Determination of the surface compressive stress ....................................................26Stresses at window glass edge ................................................................................26Screen print resistance ............................................................................................27Evaluation of the baked ink porosity by means of an isopropanol wipe test ............27Optical test methods ................................................................................................278.2.2.28.2.38.2.3.18.2.3.28.2.499.19.29.39.3.19.3.29.49.59.69.79.89.99.9.19.9.29.9.39.9.49.109.119.11.19.11.21010.110.210.310.410.4.110.4.210.4.31111.111.211.311.3.111.3.211.411.4.111.4.211.511.5.111.5.211.5.311.5.411.611.712Page 4TL 957: 2011-11DTesting of reflection optics on vehicle window glasses ............................................28Test method for scratches and other general flaws .................................................28Determination of solar energy transmittance T UV .....................................................28Determination of light transmission T L ......................................................................28Determination of solar energy transmittance T E .......................................................29Determination of solar energy transmittance T IR ......................................................29Testing of color values .............................................................................................29Applicable documents ..............................................................................................29Bending technologies ...............................................................................................31Optics data sheet .....................................................................................................32Glass and aspect flaws ............................................................................................33Evaluation zones of glass and aspect flaws .............................................................33Type and description of glass defect ........................................................................33Chips ........................................................................................................................33Scratches and scrapes .............................................................................................33Hairline scratches .....................................................................................................33Film projection ..........................................................................................................34Punctiform defects/inclusions ...................................................................................34Foreign matter ..........................................................................................................34Inter-layer bubbles/dull spots ...................................................................................35Dot resolution ...........................................................................................................35Holes (36)12.212.312.412.512.612.712.813Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C C.1C.2C.2.1C.2.2C.2.3C.2.4C.2.5C.2.6C.2.7C.2.8C.2.9ScopeThis standard specifies requirements and tests for vehicle glass panes and sun roofs/glass sun roofs made of silicate glass.DescriptionQuality requirements according to TL 95712Page 5TL 957: 2011-11DAbbreviationsTSG Tempered safety glass WS WindshieldRWG Rear window glass Compr. pression bendingTB Transverse bending in vehicle longitudinal axis ROC Rate of change s DistanceSWG Side window glass Grav. b.Gravity bending t TimeT TemperatureDWG Door window glassHSG Heat-strengthened glass LSG Laminated safety glassRequirements General requirementsApproval of first supply and changes according to Volkswagen standard VW 01155.Environmental requirements according to VW 91100 must be fulfilled.Vehicle glass panes made of silicate glass must completely fulfill the applicable requirements specified in national regulations. The most important requirements are:USA US Regulation 571.205EuropeECE-R43For legally required tests, the current version of the law must always be applied.Mandatory documentationSections marked with a documentation bar are subject to mandatory documentation. The docu‐ments must be kept on file for 15 years.Official type approvalThe window glasses are type-specific; only the officially approved design must be manufactured for standard production. General type approval must be submitted to the department responsible for type approval as a supplement to the vehicle registration information.Specimen sectionsIf specimen sections are used, the quality must conform to the legal requirements for the finished part, and it must be ensured that the finished part also conforms to the legal requirements.Specimens must be produced from the same material as used in standard production and under 3 4 4.14.24.34.4Page 6TL 957: 2011-11DMarking (glass labeling)Legible from vehicle exterior in as-installed position. (see figure 1 and figure 2)The glass labeling must be legible and permanent.Marking example: Main label LSG with CCC. (figure 1)TSG with CCC and dark glass, see figure 2.Legend 1Logo2Company name in standard letter‐ing3USA registration number4European registration number 5CCC registration number (China)6Possible additional marking 7Date marking8Approval mark for China certifica‐tion9Country of registration, e.g., E1 for Germany10Marking according to ECE-R43,windshield as laminated safety glassFigure 1 – Windshield, green glassLegend 1Marking according to ECE-R43, light transmission <70% (dark glass)Figure 2 – Side window or rear window glass (tempered safety glass), dark glassLocation of marking4.54.5.1Page 7TL 957: 2011-11DTable 1 – MarkingWindow glass type Location Windshield Bottom right Rear window glass Bottom leftFixed side window glass Rear bottom Hinged windowTriangle window glass, front door Triangle window glass, rear door Sliding windowDoor crank window glass Dimensions of markingsHeight ≤24,5 mm Width ≤31 mmLogoVW 10514-C 6 as per VW 10514 or as per VW 10513Manufacturer's code, company name, or logoFont size 2 mmECE approval marka ∅ ≥ 8 mm, E a 2, font sizea3USA registration Font size 1,8 mmDateDateas per VDA 261Font size 1,8 mmAdditional markingA Laminated safety glass with acoustics function C Clear glassB Blue heat-insulating glass or dark glass G Gray heat-insulating glass or dark glassIR Laminated safety glass with infrared reflective coatingIR-HLaminated safety glass with heated infrared reflective coating 4.5.1.1 4.5.1.24.5.2 4.5.2.1┌4.5.2.2┐ 4.5.2.3 4.5.2.4Page 8TL 957: 2011-11DLine spacingPermissible minimum dimension according to ECE-R43 of 1 mm Lettering colorColorBrilliant blackSee section 10.4.1 for color values.Character spacingClose-spaced lettering according to DIN 1451-4.Alternatively, according to DIN 1451-3, code letter E.Lettering size tolerance: +0,2 mm Content of markingAs per drawing and table 1.DeliveryThe window glasses must not exhibit soiling that would impair testing, performance, or further pro‐cessing.Particular packaging requirements must be agreed upon with the responsible engineering depart‐ment in each case.Edge treatmentEdges must generally be treated according to to SAE J673 Type 1.The following additionally applies to door crank window glasses (above the window slot strip):–Transition must not have sharp edges, i.e., the transition to the ground edge must be smooth.–Below the window slot strip (in the invisible area), SAE J673 Type 3 is permissible.For window glasses with flush injection point, edge treatment according to Volkswagen type 1 ap‐plies:–All around, fine finish, crowned edge, matte finish –Minimum radius = 2/3 of glass thickness –Maximum radius = 2 x glass thickness4.5.2.54.5.3 4.5.44.5.54.64.7Page 9TL 957: 2011-11DScratches and other general flawsDull spots, soiled and discolored areas as well as chips are not permissible.Permissible aspect flaws: See appendix C.In the visible area, the window glasses must be free of bending fixture markings and edge spar‐kles.The following additionally applies to infrared glazing:If the window glass exhibits color inhomogeneities (spots, triangles, stripes), it must be rejected.Window glasses with rough gold spots and corona defects (also in string-of-pearl arrangements)must be rejected.The marked area of the coating (decoating) must be removed without residue and without visible machining traces.The test method for scratches is described in section 12.3.Dimensional requirementsChecking of the dimensions of fixed and lowerable window glasses must be performed as per the measuring method specified in the corresponding window glass drawing. Preferably, a measuring data set must be compiled with enveloping surface tolerance and specified RPS points and meas‐uring points. VW 01055 applies as the basis.A tolerance is defined for each measuring point. Waviness within the tolerance is restricted for a sequence of measuring points. Additionally, the angle deviation of measuring point sequences may be defined.Material requirements for laminated safety glass Requirements for composite quality Connecting filmsWithin the framework of technical engineering approval (BMG – German abbreviation) and/or first sample delivery, the product designations must be stated explicitly.–Film based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB)–Heat insulating film based on polyvinyl butyral/polyester (PVB/PET)Aging behaviorBehavior after aging in constant climates As per PV 2044:KL1300 h KL3300 h KL472 h567 7.1 7.1.17.1.2Page 10TL 957: 2011-11D–No delamination or blistering inside the laminated safety glass –No shrinking of the PVB film–No formation of waves in the PVB/PET film compositeSpecial requirementsRequirements after environmental cycle aging (KWL) 2 as per PV 2044Scope of testing 2 cycles–No hazing in the edge area after the last reconditioning in standard climate at +23 °C/50% rel‐ative humidity.–No delamination in the edge area of the laminated safety glassRequirements after constant-climate environmental aging KL3 as per PV 2044, with the following deviationsRecirculated air tem‐perature +50 °C Duration 300 h–Permissible hazing in the edge area after removal from humid aging at elevated temperature ≤ 3mm–No hazing in the edge area after reconditioning in standard climate at +23 °C/50% relative hu‐midity; duration 17 h–No delamination in the edge area of the laminated safety glassRequirement after short-term heat test at 120 °C, duration 2 h (testing is performed ≥7 days after manufacturing of the laminated safety glass).–No blistering in the edge area of the laminated safety glass –No formation of waves in the PVB/PET film compositeChemical interactionTesting according to PV 2503.Subjective evaluation: spread discolorations are not permitted (detectable especially in reflection).Yellowing of the edge is permissible.Permissible deviations measured at one point:ΔE* < 1,3 calculated with the formula defined in section 9.9.Weathering behavior3 year-cycles of artificial weathering according to PV 3929 and PV 3930, without complaint. Resist‐ance to open-air weathering according to VW 50185.LightfastnessAccording to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.1For further requirements, see drawing specifications for laminated safety glass.Moisture resistanceAccording to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.37.1.37.1.3.17.2┌7.3┐┌7.4┐Boiling testAccording to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.4Corrosion resistance of infrared reflecting laminated safety glassTesting according to PV 2504.No delamination or color change permissible in the edge area of the laminated safety glass.Mechanical requirements Tempered safety glass Ball drop testsBall drop test "ANSI"According to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.6Ball drop test "ECE"According to ECE-R43 and DIN 52306Fracture testsSide and rear window glassesFracture test "ANSI"According to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.7Fracture test "ECE"According to ECE-R43WindshieldAccording to ECE-R43Impact testAccording to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.8Abrasion testAccording to ECE-R43 and ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.18┌7.5┐ 7.68 8.1 8.1.1┌8.1.1.1┐ 8.1.1.28.1.2 8.1.2.1┌8.1.2.1.1┐ 8.1.2.1.2 8.1.2.2┌8.1.3┐8.1.4Laminated safety glass and laminated heat-strengthened glass Dart testsAccording to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.9Ball drop testBall drop test "ANSI"According to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.12Ball drop test "ECE"According to ECE-R43Puncture resistancePuncture resistance "ANSI"According to ANSI Z26.1 – 5.26Puncture resistance "ECE"As per ECE-R43 and DIN 52306Abrasion testAccording to ANSI Z 26.1 – 5.18Optical requirements (windshield, side, and rear window glasses, sun/glass sun roofs)Float structureThe float structure is always parallel with the vehicle longitudinal axis.Orientation of window glassOrientation of the fire/outer side according to drawing or according to section 11.1.Changing of the orientation during standard production is only permissible in agreement with the responsible engineering department.Optical deflectionThe fields of view in the windshield are principally defined according to the drawing.If there is no data in the drawing for defining the fields of view, ECE-R43 applies.The area outside field of view B is defined as fields of view C and D.In this case, field of view C is next to and below field of view B, and field of view D is above field of view B.8.2 ┌8.2.1┐8.2.2┌8.2.2.1┐ 8.2.2.28.2.3┌8.2.3.1┐ 8.2.3.2┌8.2.4┐9 9.19.29.3Optical distortions must be measured in the as-installed position by vertical and horizontal light de‐flection (see PV 2501).For optical distortion/refractive power in windshields, the limits in table 2 apply.The limit of field of view A in table 2 applies to the optical distortion/refractive power for side win‐dow glasses; the limit of field of view B applies to rear window glasses.For rear window glass, separate fields of view with corresponding limits may be defined in the drawing.The refractive power D absolute = ΔαΔxis calculated using the difference in deflection angle from tworays separated by Δx = 12 mm (in deviation from ECE-R43).–| D max | and | D min | ≤ limit D absolute–D max - D min ≤ limit ROCThe refractive power is measured in the laboratory for pre-production testing and sample delivery, e.g., with the LABSCAN Screen2D measuring instrument of ISRA.Details are governed by PV 2501.If the supplier chooses an equivalent measuring system, proof of correlation with the LABSCAN-Screen2D measuring instrument must be provided. In addition, test equipment capability must be demonstrated on the basis of VW 10119. The setup instructions for the measuring system used must be agreed upon with the EGNM/O Department.The measurement parameters 4/5/12 and SAB 13 must be set, unless other specifications apply. The window glass must be aligned with respect to the axis of rotation of the LABSCAN Screen2D instrument according to the setup instructions. Setup instructions will be drawn up for each vehicle project in collaboration with the supplier and stored in the design data administration system (KVS – German abbreviation). For the refractive power and rate of change, the limits in table 2 apply. Agreements regarding the measurement procedure are also stated in the setup instructions and stored in KVS (see component number).Table 2 – Permissible refractive powerField of view D absolute inmdptROC in mdpt RequirementA≤ 75≤ 100Definition of field of view according to ECE-R43B≤ 100≤ 125Definition of field of view according to drawingC≤ 125≤ 125Definition of field of view according to drawingFocal line≤ 125≤ 150Focal lines at the bottom ceramic edge are measuredusing filter setting 4/5/0, SAB 6 at γ = 60°± 2°, ceramicedge detection must be ensuredD≤ 150≤ 175Definition of field of view according to drawingIf optical lenses with different algebraic signs are located at the edge of a field of view, then the "rate of change" limit of the more sensitive area applies. This also applies to the evaluation of the optical focal lines.The evaluation of the optical focal line at the bottom ceramic edge must be conducted in addition to the evaluation of the fields of view. In principle, however, optical focal lines must be measured in。

TL70多色RGB塔灯商品说明书

DatasheetHousing ColorHousing ColorsC =GrayRGB14For more information regarding TL70 Multicolor RGB Tower Light final assemblies, including wiring diagrams, refer to the following documents:•TL70 Modular Tower Light datasheet (p/n 182214)•TL70 Wireless Modular Tower Light datasheet (p/n 185469)•TL70 Modular Tower Light AC voltage datasheet (p/n 191349)Configuring the ModuleTurn on the appropriate DIP switch to set the order of the components, counting up from the tower light's base. Factory default DIP position is OFF.Flashing and StrobingSolid On0.5 Hz Flash ON1.5 Hz Flash ON3.0 Hz Flash ON ON0 .5 Hz Strobe ON1.5 Hz Strobe ON ON 3.0 Hz Strobe ON ONIntensity Sweep ON ON ONIntensityHighLow ONTL70 Multicolor RGB Tower Light ModuleOriginal Document202345 Rev. A2 January 2018202345Specifications Supply Voltage and Current12 V dc to 30 V dcMaximum current in high intensity mode: 350 mA max. at 12 V dc; 170 mA typical at24 V dcMaximum current in low intensity mode: 140 mA max. at 12 V dc; 70 mA typical at 24 V dcSupply Protection CircuitryProtected against transient voltagesIndicator Response TimeOff Response: 150 µs (maximum) at 12 V dc to 30 V dcOn Response: 40 ms (maximum) at 12 V dc; 50 ms (maximum) at 30 V dcIndicator CharacteristicsRequired Overcurrent ProtectionWARNING: Electrical connections must be made byqualified personnel in accordance with local andnational electrical codes and regulations.Overcurrent protection is required to be provided by end product application per thesupplied table.Overcurrent protection may be provided with external fusing or via Current Limiting,Class 2 Power Supply.Supply wiring leads < 24 AWG shall not be spliced.For additional product support, go to .ConstructionBases, segments, covers: polycarbonateLeakage Current Immunity550 µAOperating Conditions–40 °C to +50 °C (–40 °F to +122 °F)95% at +50 °C maximum relative humidity (non-condensing)Environmental RatingIEC IP65Vibration and Mechanical ShockVibration 10 Hz to 55 Hz 0.5 mm p-p amplitude per IEC 60068-2-6Shock 15G 11 ms duration, half sine wave per IEC 60068-2-27CertificationsBanner Engineering Corp. Limited WarrantyBanner Engineering Corp. warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Banner Engineering Corp. will repair or replace, free of charge, any product of its manufacture which, at the time it is returned to the factory, is found to have been defective during the warranty period. This warranty does not cover damage or liability for misuse, abuse, or the improper application or installation of the Banner product.THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE), AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR TRADE USAGE.This Warranty is exclusive and limited to repair or, at the discretion of Banner Engineering Corp., replacement. IN NO EVENT SHALL BANNER ENGINEERING CORP. BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY EXTRA COSTS, EXPENSES, LOSSES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY PRODUCT DEFECT OR FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT OR WARRANTY, STATUTE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHERWISE.Banner Engineering Corp. reserves the right to change, modify or improve the design of the product without assuming any obligations or liabilities relating to any product previously manufactured by Banner Engineering Corp. Any misuse, abuse, or improper application or installation of this product or use of the product for personal protection applications when the product is identified as not intended for such purposes will void the product warranty. Any modifications to this product without prior express approval by Banner Engineering Corp will void the product warranties. All specifications published in this document are subject to change; Banner reserves the right to modify product specifications or update documentation at any time. Specifications and product information in English supersede that which is provided in any other language. For the most recent version of any documentation, refer to: .TL70 Multicolor RGB Tower Light Module© Banner Engineering Corp. All rights reserved。

常用集成电路频率计算.

TL494计算公式:F=1/RT*CT式中:F表示频率;RT表示6脚电阻;CT表示5脚电容。

电容以F(法拉为单位,电阻以Ω(欧姆为单位。

例:已知TL494 5(CT脚电容1UF,6脚电阻是10K,计算频率:F=1/RT*CT式中:CT=1UF=0.000001F(法拉RT=10K=10000Ω(欧姆F=1/0.000001*10000F=1/0.01F=100HZF=100/2F=50HZ因为TL494J是双输出,所以要将结果除2,最后得到的实际输出频率是50HZ。

SG3525计算公式:F=1/CT(0.67RT+1.3RD式中:CT表示5 脚电容以F(法拉为单位;RT表示6 脚电阻,以Ω(欧姆为单位;RD 表示7脚电阻,以Ω(欧姆为单位。

例:已知SG3525 5(CT脚电容4700PF,6(RT 脚电阻是27K,7(RD 脚电阻是470Ω计算频率:F=1/CT(0.67RT+1.3RD式中:CT=4700PF=0.0000000047F(法拉RT=27K=27000Ω(欧姆R4=470Ω=470Ω(欧姆F=1/0.0000000047(0.67*27000+1.3*470F=1/0.0000000047(18090+611F=1/0.0000000047*18701F=1/0.0000878947F=11377.25HZF=11377.25/2F=5688.6HZF=5.688KHZ因为SG325是双输出,所以要将结果除2,最后得到的实际输出频率是5.688KHZ电阻分压计算:如图所示:U1=U*Ra/Ra+Rb U2=U*Rb/Ra+Rb例:输入电压U=12V Ra=1K Rb=100Ω求Rb输出电压U2=U*Rb/Ra+RbU2=12*100/1000+100U2=1200/1100U2=1.09V例:输入电压U=12V Ra=1K Rb=100Ω求Ra上的电压U1=U*Ra/Ra+RbU1=12*1000/1000+100U1=12000/1100U1=10.909V如何用lm358将0.3v电压放大10倍放大电路经实验验证非常完善!!!注意以后使用如图:放大倍数=1+R2/R1,如果放大。

创维TL-M200系列电视使用说明书

M200TL-43M200TL-50M200TL-55M200TL-65M200网路可连接互联网可连接喇叭与电脑(VGA)端子与色差(YPbPr)端子按下显示器各个按钮做相对应操作TL-43M200/TL-50M200/TL-55M200TL-65M20012.显示已加入的喜爱频道。

音效设定萤幕显示时间、恢复预设值及其他功能设定自动自订模式：可调整对比度、亮度、清晰度、饱和度。

低蓝光/鲜明。

电脑设定音效音效/运动自订模式：可调整120Hz、500Hz、1.5KHz、5KHz、10KHz 平衡调整左右声道平衡：左调左边音量变大右调右边音量变大一般情况下请将平衡设置为0环绕音同轴模式仅存声音模式按"OK"键选择仅存声音模式此时萤幕关闭仅留声音频道手动搜台手动搜台OSD 显示时间定时关机背光开机图片硬碟选择格式化速度测试录文件系统按“ ”键选择“开”或“关”。

按“ ”键选择“开”或“关”。

按“ ”键选择版本“1.4”或“2.0”。

按“ ”键选择“关”、“低”。

、“中”、“高”Device Link(HDMI mode)Audio Link(HDMI mode)HDMI EDID 版本(HDMI mode)HDR (仅EDID 20下可用).(HDMI mode)软体升级恢复预设值Smart TV 画面说明Smart TV 说明(以实际画面为主) Smart TV 主画面多媒體中心操作说明Smart TV 画面说明1. 按遙控器上的[首頁]鍵進入Smart TV 主畫面2. 在Smart TV 模式中按方向按钮選取項目按[OK ]按鈕執行應用程式画面说明123456狀態顯示多媒體離開首頁應用程式設定愛奇藝影片推薦愛奇藝影片推薦顯示網路連線以及時間日期等狀態讀取 U-Link 裝置存儲的文件（詳細操作見多媒體操作介紹）瀏覽所有安裝的應用程式可對本機進行網路連接以及個性化設置離開 Smart TV 主畫面影片、音樂、在多媒體畫面中，選擇左側的全部、圖片，可讀取相應類別的文件。

TL70 Tower Light指南说明书

Instruction ManualBanner's TL70 Tower Light is a 70 mm, modular LED indicator with extremely bright anduniform light. The modularity gives the user flexibility to customize tower lights as needed and change positions in the field. The TL70 is also available preassembled for easy installation.•Light segments have user-selectable solid ON or flashing •Up to six colors, or five colors plus audible, in one device•Rugged, water-resistant IP65 housing with UV-stabilized material•Bright, uniform indicator segments appear gray when off to eliminate false indicationfrom ambient light•Several connection options to choose from including M12 quick disconnect, cabled,and terminal-wiredModelsB-TL70Q5ConnectionHousingTL70 BaseTL70 SegmentsBase SegmentSG-TL70HousingTL70 SegmentHousing ColorBlank = Black C = Gray Housing ColorBlank = Black C = Gray RColor/Alarm5 = 2 m, 5-wire Integral Cable8 = 2 m, 8-wire Integral CableT = TerminalQ5 = 5-pin M12/Euro-style Integral QD Q8 = 8-pin M12/Euro-style Integral QDQP5 = 150 mm (5.9 in) cable with 5-pin M12/Euro-style QD QP8 = 150 mm (5.9 in) cable with 8-pin M12/Euro-style QDModels with a quick disconnect require a mating cordsetA = Standard Audible O = OrangeW = White AP = Programmable AudibleALM = Loud Multi-Tone Audible AL = Loud AudibleB = Blue R = Red G = GreenY = YellowSelect the 5-pin base for tower light configurations of up to 4 modules. Select the 8-pin base for tower light configurations of up to 6 modules.•Example base model number: B-TL70-Q5•Example light segment model number: SG-TL70-G •Example audible segment model number: SG-TL70-ATL70HousingTL70 Pre-Assembled ModelsW B G Y R OHousing Color Blank = BlackC = Gray Audible Alarm*Blank = None A = Standard AudibleQConnectionBlank = 2 m Integral Cable T = TerminalQ = M12/Euro-style Integral QDQP = 150 mm (5.9 in) cable with 5-pin M12/Euro-style QDModels with a quick disconnect require a mating cordsetColor/PositionO = OrangeW = White AP = Programmable Audible * not available with six-light modelsAL = Loud AudibleB = Blue R = Red G = Green Blank = None Y = Yellow 123456•Example pre-assembled model number: TL70GYRAQ.TL70 Modular Tower LightOriginal Document 182214 Rev. K2 April 2021182214Configuring the ModulesTurn on the appropriate DIP switch to set the order of the components, counting up from the towerlight's base.Module 1Module 2Module 3Module 4Module 5Module 6BaseLight Module Flash Rate3 HzON OFF 1.5 Hz ON ON Solid On*OFF OFF Standard Audible Module SettingsPulse 1.5 HzON OFF Chirp Alarm ON ON Siren Alarm OFF ON Continuous Alarm*OFFOFF* Factory default setting - Tel: + 1 888 373 6767P/N 182214 Rev. KProgramming the Audible Tower ModuleLoading Files into the SG-TL70-APThe SG-TL7-AP has 4MB of on-board flash memory and can playback any WAV or MP3 audio file that is 4MB or smaller. If the file is too large, a program such as Audacity can be used to compress or shorten the file to decrease the size.Multiple files can be loaded onto the SG-TL70-AP. Files playback according to the file name in alpha-numeric order.Note: Add a number to the beginning of the file name to create the order in which the files run. Files playconsecutively without any pause.To program the module:1.Remove the module top cover by rotating counterclockwise.2.Connect the programming cable (USB-USBM-1) from the PC's USB connection to the USB mini-connection of the audiblemodule.The SG-TL70-AP is recognized by the PC as a USB flash drive. The default drivers for a USB drive are assigned to the device, as well as a unique disk drive letter assignment (such as D:).3.Drag-and-drop the audio files that are saved on the PC to the USB drive location.4.Assign numbers to each file to designate their playback order, otherwise files playback in alpha-numeric order.5.Remove the cable from the audio module.6.Re-install the top cover by aligning the protruding alignment marks and turning clockwise.7.The audible module is now ready for use with a compatible TL70 DC Base or Universal Voltage AC Base.When the selected Input Channel is activated, the audible module begins playing the files in sequential order.Assembling the ModulesTo assemble the modules:1.Align the notches on each module and presstogether.2.Rotate the top module clockwise to lock intoplace (notches shown in the locked position).P/N 182214 Rev. K - Tel: + 1 888 373 67673Wiring DiagramsPNP InputNPN InputEuro-style Male Pinouts43Key1 = brown2 = white3 = blue4 = black5 = grayM1 = Module 1M2 = Module 2M3 = Module 3M4 = Module 4PNP InputNPN InputEuro-style Male Pinouts623Key1 = white2 = brown3 = green4 = yellow5 = gray6 = pink7 = blue8 = redM1 = Module 1M2 = Module 2M3 = Module 3M4 = Module 4M5 = Module 5M6 = Module 6Note: Models SG-TL70-ALM and SG-TL70-ALMC are not compatible with NPN input wiring.Wiring Terminal BlockTerminal Block Key0 = dc common1 = Module 12 = Module 23 = Module 34 = Module 45 = Module 56 = Module 6 - Tel: + 1 888 373 6767P/N 182214 Rev. KSpecificationsSupply Voltage and Current 12 V DC to 30 V DCSupply Protection CircuitryProtected against transient voltagesIndicators1 to 6 colors depending on model (Green, Red, Yellow, Blue, White, and Orange)LEDs are independently selectedFlash Rates: 1.5 Hz ±10% and 3 Hz ±10%Indicator Response TimeOff Response: 150 µs (maximum) at 12 V DC to 30 V DCOn Response: 180 ms (maximum) at 12 V DC; 50 ms (maximum) at 30 V DC Audible AlarmStandard Audible: 2.6 kHz ± 250 Hz oscillation frequency; maximum intensity (typical) 92 dB at 1 m (3.3 ft)Loud Audible: 2.6 kHz ± 250 Hz oscillation frequency; maximum intensity (typical) at 1 m (3.3 ft) (see table)Audible AdjustmentStandard Audible: Rotate the cover until the desired volume is reached Loud Audible Alarm: Select the desired volume using DIP switches 9 and 10Typical Reduction in Sound Intensity with Audible Adjustment (maximum to minimum):•Standard Audible: 8 dB •Loud Audible: 16 dB ConstructionBases, Segments, Covers: polycarbonateIndicator CharacteristicsConnections5-pin M12 quick disconnect connector, 8-pin M12 quick disconnect connector, 150 mm (5.9 in) PVC cable with an M12 quick disconnectconnector, terminal block, or 2 m (6.5 ft) unterminated cable, depending on model Terminal Block Models 14 to 28 AWG wireOperating Conditions–40 °C to +50 °C (–40 °F to +122 °F)95% at +50 °C maximum relative humidity (non-condensing)Environmental Rating IEC IP65CertificationsVibration and Mechanical ShockVibration: 10 Hz to 55 Hz, 0.5 mm peak-to-peak amplitude per IEC 60068-2-6Shock: 15G 11 ms duration, half sine wave per IEC 60068-2-27Required Overcurrent ProtectionWARNING: Electrical connections must bemade by qualified personnel in accordance with local and national electrical codes and regulations.Overcurrent protection is required to be provided by end product application per the supplied table.Overcurrent protection may be provided with external fusing or via Current Limiting, Class 2 Power Supply.Supply wiring leads < 24 AWG shall not be spliced.For additional product support, go to .P/N 182214 Rev. K - Tel: + 1 888 373 67675DimensionsM30 × 1.5(mounting nutincluded)AccessoriesCordsets - Tel: + 1 888 373 6767P/N 182214 Rev. KMounting BracketsAll measurements are listed in millimeters, unless noted otherwise.P/N 182214 Rev. K - Tel: + 1 888 373 67677Elevated Mount SystemLMB Sealed Right-Angle Bracket - Tel: + 1 888 373 6767P/N 182214 Rev. KBanner Engineering Corp. Limited WarrantyBanner Engineering Corp. warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Banner Engineering Corp. will repair or replace, free of charge, any product of its manufacture which, at the time it is returned to the factory, is found to have been defective during the warranty period. This warranty does not cover damage or liability for misuse, abuse, or the improper application or installation of the Banner product.THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE), AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR TRADE USAGE.This Warranty is exclusive and limited to repair or, at the discretion of Banner Engineering Corp., replacement. IN NO EVENT SHALL BANNER ENGINEERING CORP. BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY EXTRA COSTS, EXPENSES, LOSSES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY PRODUCT DEFECT OR FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT OR WARRANTY, STATUTE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHERWISE.Banner Engineering Corp. reserves the right to change, modify or improve the design of the product without assuming any obligations or liabilities relating to any product previously manufactured by Banner Engineering Corp. Any misuse, abuse, or improper application or installation of this product or use of the product for personal protection applications when the product is identified as not intended for such purposes will void the product warranty. Any modifications to this product without prior express approval by Banner Engineering Corp will void the product warranties. All specifications published in this document are subject to change; Banner reserves the right to modify product specifications or update documentation at any time. Specifications and product information in English supersede that which is provided in any other language. For the most recent version of any documentation, refer to:.For patent information, see /patents.© Banner Engineering Corp. All rights reserved。

TL50对比传感器使用说明书

TL50Contrast sensorINSTRUCTION MANUALCONTROLSOUT LED (yellow)The yellow LED indicates the output status. READY LED (green)During functioning, the green LED permanently ON indicates a normal operating condition; fast blinking indicates an output overload condition. DELAY LED (orange)The orange LED ON indicates the timing function activation on the digital output. MARK PUSH-BUTTONThe mark detection procedure is activated by pressing MARK push-button. BKGD PUSH-BUTTONThe background detection procedure is activated by pressing BKGD push-button.See the “SETTING” paragraph for setup procedure indications.INSTALLATIONThe sensor can be positioned using threaded M5 holes with max. 6 mm depth.Do not apply excessive torque when adjusting (max 2.2 Nm).The operating distance is measured starting from the front surface of the sensor optics.The reading direction can be changed inverting the cap and lens.Mark detection on a reflective surface is improved adjusting the beam direction to 5° … 20° from surface axis.CONNECTIONSSETTINGDETECTION (MARK-BACKGROUND)- Position mark in front of the sensor light spot and press MARK push-button until the READY LED (green) turns OFF.The sensor detects the mark alternating the red, green and blue emissions.Avoid mark movements during this phase.- Position the background in front of the sensor light spot and press BKGD push-button; the sensor detects the mark alternating the red, green and blue emissions. Avoid background movements during this phase.The DARK/LIGHT operating mode is automatically selected by the sensor.Dark mark - light background = Dark mode. Light mark - dark background = Light mode.If the READY LED (green) is permanently ON, the detection is successful.If the LED blinks slowly, the detection has failed due to insufficient contrast.The sensor returns to the previous setting by pressing one of the two push-buttons.DELAY SETTINGThe DELAY extends to 20ms the minimum duration of the active output allowing the slower interfacing systems to detect shorter pulses. The active delay is signalled by the corresponding orange LED ON.Delay activationPress MARK and BKGD push-buttons contemporaneously for 2 sec. until the DELAY LED turns ON.Delay deactivationPress MARK and BKGD push-buttons contemporaneously for 2 sec. until the DELAY LED turns OFF.OUTPUT OVERLOADThe digital output overload is signalled by the rapid blinking of the READY LED.DECLARATION OF CONFORMITYWe Datalogic Automation declare under our sole responsibility that these products are conform to the 2004/108/CE and successive amendments.WARRANTYDatalogic Automation warrants its products to be free from defects.Datalogic Automation will repair or replace, free of charge, any product found to be defective during the warranty period of 36 months from the manufacturing date.This warranty does not cover damage or liability deriving from the improper application of Datalogic Automation products.DATALOGIC AUTOMATIONVia Lavino 265 - 40050 Monte S.Pietro - Bologna – Italy Tel: +39 051 6765611 - Fax: +39 051 6759324e-mail:********************************Datalogic Automation cares for the environment: 100% recycled paper.Datalogic Automation reserves the right to make modifications and improvements without prior notification.© 2007 – 2013 Datalogic Automation - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - Protected to the fullest extent under U.S. and international laws. • Copying, or altering of this document is prohibited without express written consent from Datalogic Automation. Datalogic and the Datalogic logo are registered trademarks of Datalogic S.p.A. in many countries, including the U.S.A. and the E.U.826003272 Rev.CDIMENSIONS TECHNICAL DATAPower supply: 10…30 VDC limit values - Class 2 (UL508)Ripple:2 Vpp max.Current consumption(output current excluded): 50 mA max. @ 24VccOutput:1 PNP output 1 NPN output Output current:100 mA max.Output saturation voltage: ≤ 2 VResponse time:33 μsSwitching frequency:15 kHz Delay:0 / 20 ms selectable (default configuration without delay) Dark/light selection automatic Indicators: OUT LED (yellow) / READY LED (green)/DELAY LED (orange)Push-buttons: MARK and BKGD push-buttons DARK/LIGHT selection: Automatic (default configuration LIGHT mode)Operating temperature: -10 … 55 °C Storage temperature: -20 … 70 °C Dielectric strength: 500 VAC 1 min., between electronics and housingInsulating resistance:>20 M Ω 500 Vdc, between electronics and housingOperating distance: 9 mm Depth of field:± 3 mmMinimum spot dimension: 1.5x5 mm @ 9 mmEmission type: BLUE (465 nm) / GREEN (520 nm) / RED (630 nm)with automatic selection Ambient light rejection: According to EN 60947-5-2Vibrations:0.5 mm amplitude, 10 … 55 Hz frequency, for each axis (EN60068-2-6)Shock resistance: 11 ms (30 G) 6 shock for each axis (EN60068-2-27)Housing material: ABS Lens material:PMMA Mechanical protection: IP67Connections: M12 4-pole connectorWeight:90 g. max.ON OUT with DELAYOFF ON OUT without DELAY OFF。

SUN2000-50KTL-M3智能PV控制器技术数据手册说明书

93%94%95%96%97%98%99%0%20%40%60%80%100%800V 600V 530VEfficiency CurveCircuit DiagramSmart PV ControllerSUN2000-50KTL-M3SUN2000-50KTL-M3AI PoweredActive Arcing ProtectionActive SafetyUp to 30%More Energywith OptimizerHigher YieldsFlexible CommunicationWLAN, Fast Ethernet, 4G Communication SupportedS O L A R.H U A W E I.C O M /SUN2000-50KTL-M3SUN2000-50KTL-M3Technical Specification Technical Specification SUN2000-50KTL-M3EfficiencyMax.Efficiency98.5%European Efficiency98.0%InputMax.Input Voltage11,100VMax. Current per MPPT30AMax. Current per Input20 AMax. Short Circuit Current per MPPT40AStart Voltage200VMPPT Operating Voltage Range2200 V ~ 1,000VRated Input Voltage600VNumber of Inputs8Number of MPP Trackers4OutputRated AC Active Power50,000WMax. AC Apparent Power55,000VAMax. AC Active Power(cosφ=1)55,000WRated Output Voltage400 Vac/ 480 Vac, 3W+(N) + PERated AC Grid Frequency50 Hz / 60HzRated Output Current72.2 A @ 400Vac, 60.1 A @ 480VacMax. Output Current79.8 A @ 400Vac, 66.5 A @ 480VacAdjustable Power Factor Range0.8 LG ... 0.8LDMax. Total Harmonic Distortion<3%ProtectionInput-side Disconnection Device YesAnti-islanding Protection YesAC Overcurrent Protection YesDC Reverse-polarity Protection YesPV-array String Fault Monitoring YesDC Surge Arrester Type IIAC Surge Arrester Type IIDC Insulation Resistance Detection YesResidual Current Monitoring Unit YesArc Fault Protection YesRipple Receiver Control YesIntegrated PID Recovery3YesCommunicationDisplay LED Indicators, Bluetooth + APPRS485YesSmart Dongle WLAN/Ethernet via Smart Dongle-WLAN-FE(Optional) 4G/3G/2G via Smart Dongle-4G(Optional)Monitoring BUS(MBUS)Yes(Isolation Transformer required)Optimizer CompatibilityDC MBUS Compatible Optimizer MERC-1100/1300W-PGeneral DataDimensions (W x H x D)640 x 530 x 270 mm (25.2 x 20.9 x 10.6 inch)Weight (with mounting plate)49 kg (108.1 lb)Operating Temperature Range-25°C ~ 60°C (-13°F ~ 140°F)Cooling Method Smart Air CoolingMax. Operating Altitude4,000 m (13,123 ft.)Relative Humidity0% RH ~ 100% RHDC Connector Amphenol HH4AC Connector Waterproof Connector + OT/DT TerminalProtection Degree IP 66Topology TransformerlessNighttime Power Consumption≤ 5.5WStandard Compliance (more available upon request) Safety EN62109-1/-2,IEC62109-1/-2,EN50530,IEC62116,IEC60068,IEC61683Grid Connection Standards IEC 61727,VDE-AR-N4105,VDE0126-1-1,BDEW,G59/3,UTE C15-712-1,CEI0-16,CEI0-21,RD661,RD1699, P.O.12.3,RD413,EN-50438-Turkey,EN-50438-Ireland, C10/11,MEA,Resolution No.7,NRS097-2-1,DEWAS O L A R.H U A W E I.C O M/1.The maximum input voltage is the upper limit of the DC voltage.Any higher input DC voltage would probably damage inverter.2.Any DC input voltage beyond the operating voltage range may result in inverter improper operating.3.SUN2000-30~50KTL-M3raises potential between PV-and ground to above zero through integratedPID recovery function to recover module degradation from PID. Supported module types include:P-type(mono,poly), N-type(nPERT,HIT)4. 50KTL Platform only supports C&I Optimizer(MERC-1100/1300W-P). The current version does not support this function and it can be upgraded to optimizer version via new inverter software version(Dec 30th, 2022) Refer to /。

TL4947500B50Hz怎样做稳定

最近在网上看了很多帖子，关于用7500B或者是用TL494做方波逆变器后级不稳定的问题，现就这个问题跟大家谈谈关于这两个芯片做方波逆变器后级的一些注意要点。

TL494跟7500B的最低输出频率为100HZ，如果直接用E2和E1做为输出会导致逆变器在带感性负载的时候出现频率不稳定，因此，上面这个电路图是经过修改后的电路方案，在很多方波逆变器上面都是用了这个样的设计，从图上看到电容C302跟电容C303是耦合电容，从IC输出端C1和C2输出的信号必须上拉，而且通过302和303两个电容耦合到IC的DT端，我们再看看电阻R308，两个耦合电容跟电阻组成一个滤波器，频率为50HZ，我们所关心的问题就出现在这里了，很多不稳定的因素就出现在这个地方，电阻R308并上一个电容E330后，电容的容值会导致频率不稳定，这个跟布板有关系，很多朋友根据网上或者别人提供的图纸，如果不对这个电容的容值做匹配的话，很多情况下做出来的逆变器都是不稳定的，原因就是这个电容的容值跟线路的布板有相当大的关系，在这里很多人听起来或者会不解，我也只是凭经验来回答这个问题，我做过几个逆变器，每次不稳定的时候我调试板子上面的这个电容的容值，都能把板子变稳定，另外的一点，E330最好不要用电解电容，用其他的X7R贴片效果会更好，有些网站上面提供的线路图，E330这个位置的电容是用了47UF，这个容值也是允许的，但是如果你的控制IC是TL494导致的频率不稳定，那么可以在这个电容的容值两端并一个105贴片电容，相关问题也可以的得到解决。

好了，以上的这些解决办只是从原理上面来修改，下面从线路板布板来说吗解决这个问题的办法。

很多电路的原理图是一样的，不同的人布板有不同的风格，不同的风格导致的线路性能差别很大，特别是电源干扰这一块就很伤脑筋，言归正传，上面的论述中讲了两个耦合电容C303和C303，事实上这两个耦合电容是很敏感的，它不仅仅会导致电路的频率波动，当不线不合理的时候，还会导致带负载后漂频率，我们再布线的时候要看好IC的PWM输出端C2和C1输出的线，尽量别让这两条线靠的太近，而且，这两条输出的线到连到电容上面尽量不要太大，0.254mm估计就可以了，各个电容尽量靠近IC，连线要短，信号线之间不要太靠近，避免耦合干扰。