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高二上学期英语备课组工作计划(4篇)

高二上学期英语备课组工作计划一、指导思想以学校工作计划为指导思想，以促进教师专业成长和提升学生核心素养为目。

高二英语教学是夯实基础，提升阅读，培养学生的应用文写作能力并制定教学计划。

二、学情分析本学期时间短，只有____周。

教学任务重，需要完成____个单元的教学。

高二学生____月份还有语文和数学的学考任务，还有其他科目的竞赛。

高二学生的英语两级分化大，由于新高考的选科组合，每个班的英语水平都参差不平，对英语教学带来很大的困难。

三、教材分析本学期的教学内容为必修五第三单元、第四单元和第五单元。

本学期还要完成选修六的教学，计划教完选修六。

阅读策略主要有：理解语篇标记、整理信息、筛选信息、推断信息、理解文章大意等。

让学生熟悉高考应用文写作。

四、主要措施根据学生的实际情况对教材练习适当做出调整，删减。

让复杂问题简单化，使学生更容易掌握所学知识。

利用《英语周报》加大学生的阅读量。

提高阅读速度。

此外，在本学期的教学中，要狠抓基础及单词、句型及语法等，扎实基础知识，突击写作训练，为高考打下扎实的基础。

具体方法如下：1、钻研并创造性地利用教材，灵活使用，发挥教材特点。

2、内容要求学生一定要过词汇关，反复朗读、默写单词、以便加强学生对基础知识的掌握。

摒弃不切实际的教学步骤，抓重点，搞强化，在日常教学中渗透语法意识。

利用教材提高学生的基本功，坚持默写单词及重点句型。

3、本学期仍要坚持训练学生的听力和并开展新题型概要写作和读后续写教学。

扎实写作常用句型的同时，要求向句群篇章背诵过渡，培养良好的学习习惯和写作基础。

五、教学进度第一周M5U3第二周M5U3-M5U4单元测试第三周M5U4第四周M5U5；第一次校本教研活动第五周M5U5，第六周M6U1；第二次校本教研活动第七周M6U1-M6U2第八周M6U2；第三次校本教研活动第九周期中复习（M1U1-M5U5）第十周期中考第十一周M6U3；第四次校本教研活动第十二周M6U3-M6U4第十三周M6U4；第五次校本教研活动第十四周M6U4第十五周高考；M6U4-M6U5第十六周M6U5第六次校本教研活动第十七周期末复习；校本教研组活动材料及总结上交第十八周期末考试第十九周期末工作高二上学期英语备课组工作计划（二）为全面____学校关于加强备课组建设的精神，本学期，高二备课组以提高学校教学质量为中心，踏实学习，认真工作，现将本学期的工作计划制定如下：1.坚持集体备课活动集体备课是提高教学质量的关键，是备课组工作的一个重要方面。

201-——201- 学年度第一学期高二英语备课组工作计划

201*——201* 学年度第一学期高二英语备课组工作计划201*——201* 学年度第一学期高二英语备课组工作计划201*201*学年度第一学期高二英语备课组工作计划201*201*学年度第一学期高二英语备课组工作计划本学期，我们高二年级英语备课组将在校长室、教导处、教科处和英语教研组的领导下，全体备课组教师的共同努力，认真研究“新课程标准”和学校制定的“三环五步”的课堂教学思路，严格按照学校制定的备课组长基本工作要求积极开展本学期的备课组活动。

一、本学期教学内容与要求综述本学期我们要完成译林版牛津英语模块五和模块六的部分教学。

其中模块五必修模块共有三个单元，每个单元由Welcometotheunit,Reading,Wordpower,Grammarandusage,Tas k,Project和Selfassessment这几个板块组成。

其中模块五的语法重点是非谓语动词。

动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语以及宾语补足语的用法。

这是整个高中英语语法中的重点和难点。

所以在我们的备课组活动中要做好备课前的研讨工作。

模块六属于选修模块，但是在毕业会考和高考中依然占有很大比重。

这一模块的语法重点有：虚拟语气、复习动词时态。

新课程标准下的高二英语既注重基础知识的考察，又强调灵活运用能力。

同时也有迎接毕业会考的压力。

为了适应这一趋势，提高教学质量，要求狠抓基础知识，拓宽词汇，加大训练量与质，提高课堂容量与效益，并努力培养学生良好的学习习惯，培养其自觉性、主动性、积极性，突出教师的主导地位及学生的主体地位，时刻以提高学生英语成绩为目的。

二、教学方法与措施设想1.认真参加每周的教研活动,加强理论学习,努力把新的教学理论融入到课堂教学当中去.2.坚持每周至少一次的集体备课活动.坚持先集体讨论、研究教材,确立重点和难点,以及上课的一些思路,然后再由老师组织制作课件.每次备课活动都定有中心发言人。

九上M6U3学历案

Module 6 ProblemsUnit3 Language in use【课标要求】1.能正确运用if引导的条件状语从句。

2.能够写出困扰自己的问题并寻求建议。

【学习目标】1. 能理解、领悟并运用本模块的单词及词组。

2. 掌握并理解带有“if”的条件状语从句.3. 学会用带有“if”的条件状语从句向别人提建议。

【教学重难点】1.让学生掌握带有“if”的条件状语从句。

2.能够向他人描述自己生活中遇到的问题，并获取解决问题的建议。

一、课前预学：识记下列词组1. 快一点2. 更加努力地学习3.英语讲得好4. 擅长英语5. 穿她的新鞋子6. 存许多钱7. 以我为荣8. 在校队9. 练习拉小提琴10. 参加比赛11. 拒绝做某事12. 陷入困境二、提升延学：用所给动词的适当形式填空1. If it ______ (be) rainy tomorrow, I ________ (not go) shopping.2. We __________ (not have) our sports meeting if it _________ (not be) fine.3. If it ___________ (snow), my father __________ (take) me to school in his car.4. Tigers __________ (catch) their own food if they live in the wild.5. If he __________ (live) in London, he _____________ (visit) the Big Ben.6. It’s even ___________ (bad) that you didn’t tell him about it .7. I can dive under the water as _________ (long) as two minutes.8. My father let me ___________ (not go) out at night.三、课堂验学：用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。

高二英语组备课组工作计划5篇

高二英语组备课组工作计划5篇(实用版)编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

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人教版高中英语选修6_Unit3精品复习课件

名师一线讲坛
2. due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的欠款的；预定的； be due to do sth.预期做某事，预定要做预期做某事，预期做某事某事 be due to sth./doing sth./sb. 归因于某事/做某事某人；欠某人…… 做某事/某人归因于某事做某事某人；欠某人 be due for sth.应有某物；应得到某物应有某物；应有某物
名师一线讲坛
(4)What ________________(无耻的谎无耻的谎言家)you are! 言家答案：答案：(1)feels ashamed of having failed in the examination(2)felt ashamed to ask for help (3)It is a shame (4)a shameless liar
名师一线讲坛
5．完成句子． (1)He ______________________(对毒品对毒品已严重上瘾了)．已严重上瘾了． (2)Kids ________________________(迷迷上电脑游戏)are often upset. 上电脑游戏答案：答案：(1)is seriously addicted to drugs (2)addicted to computer games
考纲知识预览
19. ashamed (adj.) 感到惭愧或羞耻的 20. comprehension (n.) 理解力) 理解(力 21. judgement (n.) 判决，看法，判断判决，看法， 22. challenging (adj.) 挑战性的，考验挑战性的，能力的
考纲知识预览
名师一线讲坛
6. in spite of 尽管；虽然；不管；不顾尽管；虽然；不管； (1)in spite of＋n.＝despite(prep.)＋n. ＋＝＋＝regardless of＋n. ＋ (2)in spite of the fact that...(同位语从句同位语从句) 同位语从句＝(al)though＋从句＋

高考一轮复习-外研版选修六Module1-3复习检测卷(含答案)

外研版选修六Module1~3复习检测卷时间：100分钟满分：120分选择题部分第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AIn ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老) treated the message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out of the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, a bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, but for his smile.Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “Oh, that bus left five minutes ago.” Dre ams of head-cutting!It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered(传递). Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and big winners do it with the proper attitude. A doctoradvising his patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he fails to get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.Unfortunately, many people a re not aware of this. When you’re tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn’t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toasted beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as a traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, “Oh，that’s all right. I’ll catch the next one.” Big winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded(被轰炸的) person is sure to have.1．From “Dreams of headcutting！”(Paragraph 3), we learn that the writer________．A．was reminded of the cruel pharaohB．was mad at the sales agentC．wished that the sales agent would have bad dreamsD．dreamed of cutting the sales agent’s head that night2．Which of the following is true?A．The author really appreciated the neighbor’s warning.B．From the passage we know that it is the bad news that makes someone angry.C．If the runner brought to the pharaoh unhappy news, he would betreated like a prince.D．When we want to deliver any bad news, we should share the feeling of the receiver.3．What is the main idea of the text?A．Receiving bad news requires great courage.B．Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.C．Delivering bad news with sympathy is important in communication.D．Learning ancient traditions can be useful.4．In the writer’s opinion, his neighbor was________．A．not helpful B．not considerateC．friendly D．warm-heartedBAt the first show of The Fault in Our Stars in New York City, the scene I found most difficult to watch was when 16-year-old Hazel, who has Stage 4 thyroid (甲状腺) cancer, wakes up in the middle of the night out of breath.It brought me back to one night in 2008, when I watched my father carry my sister Esther from her bedroom to an ambulance. She was 14 at the time, struggling with thyroid cancer that had spread to her lungs. We held hands and cried as we watched her lying there, so fragile. We didn't think she'd make it through the night. Yet, like Hazel, she regained her strength. She lived for two more beautiful and hard years —until just after her 16th birthday, in August 2010.Author John Green showed respect for Esther at the beginning of his book. “I could never have written The Fault in Our Stars without knowing Esther. Every word in that book depends on her，” Green wrote.I'm not sure what Esther would have thought of it. But watching the movie, I couldn't help feeling I was seeing my little sister on the screen. After a doctor offers a new machine, Hazel interrupts, “Why? I like the old machine.” My sister could be similarly playful. “This oxygen machine is cool, and I like it. I name it Denmark，” she said in one video.However, Hazel is not supposed to be Esther. The Fault in Our Stars is a love story between two teenagers. My sister never got to have a relationship like that. Witnessing a life and a romance (浪漫故事) she could have had made me feel unbearably sad and yet, strangely, uplifted. It's as if，through Hazel, my sister is able to continue having new experiences. As if she got a sequel (续集)．5．The movie reminded the author of ________.A．her 16th birthdayB．her happy family lifeC．her sister suffering from cancerD．her father encouraging her sister6．Which of the following can be used to describe Esther?A．Funny. B．Smart.C．Rude. D．Impatient.7．The author feels pity for her sister because ________.A．she never read a love storyB．she couldn't watch the movieC．she died young, at the age of 14D．she never had a romantic relationshipCGoodreads recommends the following books you want to read forthe event to come.1．The Lyrics：1961－2012By Bob DylanSimon & Schuster, $60What it’s about: This heavy, welltimed publication contains lyrics by the songwriter who just won the Nobel Prize in Literature, from his first album, Bob Dylan, through Tempest.W hat’s to love: The times may be changing, but Dylan’s fans are constant, traditional devotees who will want this epic collection for their shelves, to sit beside those beloved old large papers.2．Taylor Swift: This Is Our SongBy Tyler ConroySimon & Schuster, $28What it’s about: An elegant fanzine celebrating all things about Taylor Swift, especially the pop star’s countless fans.What’s to love: Mom and/or Dad, the fan of Taylor Swift, will think you’re pretty cool if he or she discovers this temple to T aylor under the Christmas tree(even if it is a book)．3．Misty CopelandBy Gregg DelmanRizzoli, $39.95What it’s about: Starfigure female ballet dancer Misty Copeland strikes apose(95, to be exact) in photos taken between 2011 and 2014, in the casual setting of dance studios.What’s to love：Since becoming the first African American woman to be named a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre, Copeland has become a cultural phenomenon, and Delman’s arresting pictures capture(捕捉) her muscular power and elegance.4．@ NatGeo: The Most Popular Instagram PhotosBy National GeographicNational Geographic, $19.95What it’s about: National Geographic’s popular Instagram account (nearly 63 million followers) comes to book form in this title filled with eye-popping images from around the world.What’s to love: Here’s proof that NatGeo’s talented photographers have conquered social media while maintaining the usual quality of their work.And for fans of more traditional coffee-table-size books, check out Nation al Geographic’s Wild, Beautiful Places：Picture-Perfect Journeys Around the Globe($40)．8．Which author is noted for literature achievements?A．Bob Dylan.B．Tyler Conroy.C．Gregg Delman. D．National Geographic.9．For what event are the books most probably recommended?A．New Year’s Day. B．Christmas Day.C．One’s anniversary. D．Literature awards.10．How much would a photographer normally spend on his favourite books listed?A．$39.95. B．$19.95.C．$59.9. D．$99.9.11．Which book would a pop star’s fa n probably buy?A．The Lyrics: 1961－2012.B．Taylor Swift: This Is Our Song.C．Misty Copeland.D．@ NatGeo: The Most Popular Instagram Photos.DThe English have a difficult and, generally speaking, dysfunctional (反常的) relationship with clothes. Their main problem is that they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them. This helps to explain why they have an international reputation for dressing in general very badly, but with specific areas of excellence, such as high-class men's suits, ceremonial costumes, and innovative (革新的) street fashion. In other words, we English dress best when we are “in uniform”．You may be surprised that I am including “innovative street fashion” in the category of the uniform. Surely the parrot-haired punks (朋克摇滚乐迷) or the Victorian vampire goths are being original, not following rules? It's true that they all look different and eccentric (古怪的) but in fact they all look eccentric exactly in the same way. They are wearing a uniform. The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen,who pays no attention to fashion and continues to wear what she likes, a kind of 1950s fashion, with no regard for anyone else's opinion. However, it is true that the styles invented by young English people are much more eccentric than any other nation's street fashion. We may not be individually eccentric, apart from the Queen, but we have a sort of collective eccentricity, and we appreciate originality in dress even if we do not individually have it.Another “rule” of behavior I had discovered was that it is very important for the English not to take themselves too seriously, to be able to laugh at themselves. However, it is well known that most teenagers tend to take themselves a bit too seriously.The goths, in their scary black costumes, certainly look as if they are taking themselves seriously. But when I got into conversation with them, I discovered that they too had a sense of humor. I was once chatting to a goth in the full vampire costume —with a white face, deep purple lipstick, and black parrot-hair. I saw he was also wearing a T-shirt with “Goth”. “Why are you wearing that？” I asked. “In case you don't realize I'm a goth，” he answered, pretending to be serious. We both burst out laughing.12．What can we know about the English people?A．They need rules to dress well.B．They are in need of uniforms.C．They are creative in general.D．They lead the world trend.13．Who is individually eccentric in dressing?A．A high-class man.B．A parrot-haired punk.C．The Queen.D．The fashion innovator.14．Which of the following can best describe the goths?A．They dress badly.B．They dress in an amusing way.C．They are unable to laugh at the way they dress.D．They are less fashionable than the other English people.15．What may be the best title for the text?A．How the English DressB．How the English Admire FashionC．Why the English Like UniformsD．Why the English Are Eccentric in Dress第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

M4U3水考复习

一、单词1.headset2. network3.幸福，快乐4. 自信的5. 失望的，沮丧的6. 消防队员7．现实，事实8. 有残疾的二．短语翻译：1. 实现_______________2. 幸福感________________3. 允许某人做____________________4. 使增加增强，扩大____________5. 使...鲜活(生动）______________6. 害怕_______________7. 鼓励某人做____________ 8. 提出(观点、议案等) _______9. 实际上______________ 10. 至于,关于______________11. 实施______________ 12. 和......连接（有联系）_____13. 从长期而言______________ 14. 和...比较______________三．根据句子后的提示词翻译句子：1. 星星看上去是静止的，但实际上它们一直在运动中。

（in reality ,constant)2. 至于空气污染，我想汽车尾气是主要原因之一。

（as to ,chief）3. 一听到有人喊我的名字，我马上转过身来。

（upon/on）4. 与汽车相比，自行车对于我们的健康而言更有益处。

（compare with）5. 坏的经济状况增加了这个公司的困难。

（add to）6. 随着科学技术的飞速发展，我们的一些遥远的梦想在未来也可能实现。

7. Firefighters can use the technology to train safely, without the risk of getting injured in a burring building.8.（介词填空）1. The climbers will enjoy a feeling of happiness __________ reaching the top.2. The gloves are also connected ________ a computer network.3 That teenagers are afraid ________ talking and playing with others..4 __________ the aid of my teachers and parents, I have made my achievement.一、单词1.programming n.2.piracy n.3.modem n.4.neighbourhood n.5.城市的，城镇的6. 粉末；火药7. 控诉，控告；谴责8. 打印机二．短语翻译：1. 在......中起作用______________2. 建立_______________3. 以失败告终_______________4. 充分利用_______________5. 玩得高兴_______________6. 同时_____________7. 也，和_______________ 8. 免费_______________9. 设法做...... _____________ 10. 指控某人......______________ 11. 应该_______________ 12. 参加_______________13. 在我看来_______________ 14. 收到......的来信____________ 15. 最后但同样重要的____________ 16. all of a sudden_______________三．根据句子后的提示词翻译句子：1.最后很重要的一点，我要感谢所有的朋友、老师和家人的支持（last but not least）2.这位妇女被指控在杂货店偷东西，但她坚称自己是清白的。

高考英语(译林版)一轮复习练习：选修6 3 Unit 3知能演练轻松闯关 Word版含解析

课时练1阅读理解提速练Ⅰ阅读理解A(2019·江西重点中学盟校模拟)Watch the countryside fly by as you travel by superfast Eurostar from London or Kent, through the Channel Tunnel and direct to the Heart of the Magic.Once there, enjoy this extraordinary world of fun, laughter, and magic.Day OneBoard the direct Eurostar service to Disneyland Paris.When you arrive, a free shuttle bus will take you to your hotel to check in. Once you’ve settled, why not head to Disney Village—the resort’s lively entertainment centre? This evening, dine in the hotel or in one of the restaurants in Disney Village, and look forward to the days ahead.Day TwoEnjoy a fantastic full day at Disneyland Paris, and take advantage of your Extra Magic Hours as specific areas of Disneyland Park open up to two hours earlier for Disney Resort Hotel guests.At the end of a wonderful day, head back to your hotel or into Disney Village.Day ThreeReturn to the Disney Parks for another day of thrills.Your special Hopper Ticket gives you unlimited admission to both Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park during opening hours, and you can plan your visit using the Park Timetables and Fastpass system to shorten your wait at popular rides.Day FourCheck out of your hotel this morning, and use the hotel’s left luggage facility to make the most of your last day at Disneyland Paris.Your Eurostar departs this evening, so you’ll have plenty of time to make the most of the magic of Disney Village before beginning your journey home.【解题导语】本文是一篇广告。

m6U3_Reading 1

牛津高中英语教案设计Background of the teaching plan(教案背景):本节课是牛津高中英语模块6第三单元Reading的第一课时，是以阅读为主的课文教学，所有教学设计都是围绕这篇阅读而进行，旨在帮助学生加深对文章的理解，培养学生获取信息和处理信息的能力，从而培养和提高阅读能力。

在教学过程中，通过网页课件的形式将英语阅读的学习任务有机融入信息技术，学生课前在网上搜寻与文化差异有关的网页并保存，在课堂中把英语学科知识的学习和能力的培养与信息紧密结合起来。

全班共有7个学习小组，通过自主学习和小组合作学习培养学生自主、合作探究的学习精神和良好的学习习惯。

Module 6 Unit 3 Reading I（教学课题）An analysis of the teaching materials（教材分析）:本节课是牛津高中英语模块6第三单元Reading的第一课时，本单元围绕一个话题—相互理解。

Reading部分包括一个对话和阅读策略，课文展示的是一个发生在网络聊天室里的有关文化差异的对话，三个对话的学生分别来自中国，文莱和英国。

所有教学设计都是围绕这篇阅读而进行，让学生带着问题进行阅读，用略读和寻读的方式来回答一些针对文章的主旨大意和细节内容。

完成课本提供的多样的阅读练习，旨在帮助学生加深对文章的理解，了解一些不同国家的文化信息，培养学生获取信息和处理信息的能力，帮助学生学会如何如何恰当地谈论文化差异并进行跨文化的交流通过阅读。

指导学生运用阅读策略“如何更好地理解文中所举的例子”，并将这种策略运用到实践中去，以便能更好地理解文章，从而培养和提高阅读能力。

通过自主学习和小组合作学习完成特定的学习任务。

Teaching objectives(教学目标)I. Knowledge aims（知识目标）After learning this part, the students are expected to learn how to talk about cultural differences and customs and understand the function of examples in reading.II. Ability aims（能力目标）1. To develop the students’ ability to get a general idea and a brief understanding of the given reading material.2. To master the reading strategy: how to make full use of examples while reading. III. Emotional aims（情感目标）1. To enable the students to be cooperative and helpful when working together.2. To help students to develop right attitudes towards cultural differences.Teaching important points（教学重点）To know about cultural differences and to identify the examples.Teaching difficult points（教学难点）To help students develop practical reading skills and master the effective reading strategy.Teaching methods（教学方法）Skimming; scanning; cooperative work; discussionTeaching procedures（教学过程）Step 1: Revision &Lead-inIn China, how do we often greet each other?要求学生列举不同的问候方式，并导入到其他不同国家的问候方式。

英语1级词汇

单词词性词义北师大人教版abnormal a.反常的，变态的m6u16m6u3 abundant a.丰富的；充裕的m8u24m7u5accustome d a.习惯的；通常的m6u3AD n.公元m3u7m1u2 adaption n.适应，改编addicted a.沉溺于某种嗜好中的m3u9m6u3adolescenc e n.青春期(一般指成年以前由13至15的发育期)m8u23m6u3adore v.崇拜，爱慕，(口语)喜爱m6u18m8u2 allergic a.[医]过敏的，患过敏症的m5u13m6u1 alley n.小路，巷，(花园里两边有树篱的)小径m8u24aloud ad.大声地alphabet n.字母表m5u15m8u4 altitude n.纬度m3u8M1U3 ambiguous a.暧昧的，不明确的m7u19amuse v.（使人）快乐，逗乐m6u17m4u3 amusement n.娱乐，消遣m4u10m4u5 anecdote n.轶事，奇闻m6u17m7u3 annoy v.使苦恼，骚扰m4u10m7u1 ant n.蚂蚁Antarctic a.南极的m3u7m7u3 anyhow ad.不管怎样m4u11m2u3 appendix n.附录，附属品，[解]阑尾m7u21m6u3 apron n.围裙，外表或作用类似围裙的东西m4u12arbitrary a.任意的，武断的，独裁的，专断的m8u23m8u2 Arctic a.北极的m3u8m8u1 arithmetic n.算术，算法m5u14armchair n.扶手椅子m4u10astonish v.使……惊讶，使惊愕m6u17m4u3 astronaut n.太空人，宇航员m1u2m7u4 astronomy n.天文学m5u13m3u4 attain v.达到，获得m7u19m8u2 awesome a.引起敬畏的，可怕的m6u16m7u3 bachelor n.单身汉，文理学士m8u23badminton n.羽毛球m1u2baggage n.行李m3u9m3u5 bakery n.面包店m8u23m8u1 bamboo n.竹bandage n.绷带m8u23m5u5 barbecue n.烤肉野餐；烧烤；在烤架上烤（肉等）m3u2 barber n.理发员，理发师m7u19m3u3 BC=beforeChristn.公元前bear n.熊m8u3 beddings n.铺盖m8u23bingo n.一种赌博游戏，烈酒m7u19 biochemistry n.生物化学m5u15birthplace n.出生地；故乡m4u12m3u3 blackboard n.黑板blouse n.宽罩衫m4u10booth n.岗；售货亭m7u19m3u5 botanical a.植物学的m8u22m8u5 bravery n.勇敢m4u11m5u5 breathless a.无声息的，喘不过气来的，气喘吁吁的，停止呼吸的，死的m6u18m6u3brewery n.啤酒厂bridegroo m n.新郎m1u3m6u2broken a.弄坏了的m5u13broom n.扫帚Buddhism n.佛教m8u24m8u4 buffet n.餐具柜，小卖部，殴打，打击m8u24m3u5 bungalow n.(带走廊的)平房m8u23m6u5 burglar n.夜贼m4u12burn (ed, ed 或 burnt, burnt)n.烧伤；晒伤m5u5 butcher n.肉店，屠夫m5u13cafeteria n.自助餐厅m7u19m7u5 camel n.骆驼candy n.糖果canteen n.小卖部，食具箱，饭盒，(军用)水壶m4u12m4u4 capsule n.(植物)蒴果，胶囊，瓶帽，太空舱m6u16m5u3 careless a.粗心的，漫不经心的carpenter n.木匠m5u14m4u5 centimetre (美 centimeter)n.公分，厘米m3u7m8u5 chalk n.粉笔cigar n.雪茄烟m1u1m6u3 clap v.拍手；鼓掌classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室claw n.爪；带爪的脚；钳；螯m5u13m8u2 clone n.克隆（无性繁殖出来的有机体群）cloudy a.多云的，阴天的clumsy a.笨拙的m6u16m7u1 cocoa n.可可豆；可可粉；可可饮料m4u12m5u3 coke n.可口可乐comb n.梳子m4u12m7u4 compass n.罗盘，指南针，圆规m8u23m6u2 competence n.能力m7u19m8u3comprehen sion n.理解（力）；理解力练习m5u14m6u3congratulation n.祝贺，庆贺m1u3m1u4 considerate a.考虑周到的m8u22m4u1 contradict v.同……矛盾，同……抵触m7u21,m8u23contradicto ry a.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的m6u2convenience n.便利m3u9m5u2 cooker n.炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)cookie n.小甜饼m4u10m8u3 courtyard n.庭院，院子m4u12m8u3 crayon n.有色粉笔，蜡笔，粉笔画crossroads n.交叉路口m3u9m4u4 cubic a.立方体的，立方形的m8u22m8u3 cuisine n.厨房烹调法，烹饪，烹调风格m2u4cyclist n.骑自行车的人m3u9M1U4 database n.[计] 数据库，资料库m7u20m6u5 deed n.行为，事迹；事实；功绩m3u7m4u5 delete v.删除m8u24m8u5 devotion n.热爱，投入m5u13m2u5 diagram n.图表，图样m7u19m6u5 diploma n.文凭，毕业证书，证明权力、特权、荣誉等的证书，奖状m7u19m6u2disappoint v.使失望；使（计划等）受挫折m2u5disgusting a.令人厌恶的m6u17m8u4 dormitory n.宿舍m4u10m4u4 drawback n.缺点，障碍，退还的关税，退税m6u18m8u2 dusk n.薄暮，黄昏m4u12M1U1 dustbin n.垃圾箱m4u12dusty a.尘土般的，尘土多的m1u1 dynasty n.朝代，王朝m2u6m2u1 eagle n.鹰，鹰状标饰m3u5 ecology n.生态学；生态m8u22educator n.教育者，教育家m4u12m6u4 embarrass v.使困窘，使局促不安，阻碍，麻烦m7u19m7u2 envelope n.信封；封套；包膜m1u3m3u3 eyesight n.视力，目力m2u6m7u1 fasten v.扎牢，扣住；集中于；强加于m7u19fingernail n.指甲m8u24m7u2 fireworks n.烟火，激烈争论m8u23flashlight n.手电筒，闪光灯m4u12flu n.流行性感冒fluent a.流利的，流畅的M1U2 foggy a.雾深的，模糊的，朦胧的，(玻璃窗等)不明净的m4u12fragrant a.芬芳的，香的m8u24m6u1 freeway n.高速公路m4u5 freezing a.冰冻地；严寒地m6u18m8u3 friction n.摩擦，摩擦力m8u23frog n.青蛙frost n.霜，霜冻，严寒m5u14m3u5 furnished a.装修过的garbage n.垃圾，废物m2u6geometry n.几何学m7u20m6u1 gifted a.有天赋的；有才华的m5u13m5u4 graduation n.毕业；毕业典礼；刻度；分等级m1u3m7u1 granddaughtern.（外）孙女grandparentsn.祖父母；外祖父母grandson n.孙子；外孙granny n.老奶奶；祖母；外婆graph n.图表，曲线图m8u24m6u4 greedy ad.贪婪的；渴望地m4u10greeting n.祝贺；问候grocer n.食品商，杂货店m8u24grocery n.<美>食品杂货店，食品，杂货m4u10 gymnastics n.体操；体育m3u8m2u2 haircut n.理发，发型m7u19m7u2 hamburger n.汉堡包；碎牛肉；牛肉饼handbag n.女用皮包，手提包handkerchi ef n.手帕m4u12m7u1,m8u4handwritin g n.书法；笔迹；headmaster/mistressn.（英）中小学校长m4u12 hometown n.故乡homework n.家庭作业；副业hostess n.女主人，女房东；女老板m3u9m3u2 housewife n.家庭主妇，家庭妇女m5u13 housework n.家务；家务事humorous a.富于幽默的；异想天开的；滑稽的m2u5 idiom n.习惯用语；成语；方言m5u14injure v.损害，伤害m4u12m1u4 irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗m8u22jeep n.吉普车；小型航空母舰m4u12m8u3 jog v.轻推，(使)蹒跚行进，(使)慢跑m3u8kangaroo n.大袋鼠m4u12kilogramme=kilogram=kilon.千克（公斤）kindergart en n.幼儿园m3u9m8u5kindness n.仁慈，好意，善良m5u13m4u1 kite n.风筝；鸢；空头支票；试探性行动lame a.跛足的，不知内情的人，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的m7u21lantern n.灯笼；提灯；幻灯；信号；天窗m1u3m8u3 laundry n.洗衣店，要洗的衣服，洗熨m8u23m8u4 lemonade n.柠檬水m5u3 librarian n.图书管理员m5u13m6u2 loaf n.一个面包m6u17m8u2 luggage n.(总称)行李；皮箱m3u8m8u1 madam=madamen.夫人，女士mailbox=letter boxn.信箱m4u12mankind n.人类；男性，男子m5u14m1u5 maple n.枫，枫木，淡棕色m3u5 mat n.垫子；席子m1u3m8u5 melon n.（甜）瓜；瓜状物m7u20m8u5 mend v.修理，修补；改进；好转merry a.高兴的，愉快的m1u3m8u3 messy a.肮脏的，凌乱的，杂乱m6u17m8u5 microscope n.显微镜m7u20m7u1 minibus n.中客车，小型公共汽车m3u9misunderstand(-stood,stood)v.误会；不理解m5u15m4u4mommy =mummyn.（美）妈妈，妈咪mop n.拖把(俗称地拖)，洗碗m8u24m2u3 mosquito n.蚊子m4u12m2u4motherlan d n.祖国m4u10motorbike=motorcycln.摩托车；机车motto n.箴言，格言，座右铭m5u15m2u2,m7u1 mountainousa.多山的；巨大的m8u22m4u3 mourn v.悲痛，哀悼m7u21m8u1 moustache n.小胡子；（哺乳动物的）触须m5u13m4u3 muddy a.多泥的，泥泞的m4u11mustard n.芥菜，芥末，芥末色，芥子气necklace n.项链m4u10nephew n.侄子，外甥m4u11m8u1 niece n.侄女，甥女m4u11m2u3 noodle n.面条（常用复数）；傻瓜numb a.麻木的m7u21m7u5 oilfield n.油田oneself pron.(one的反身代词)自己optional a.可选择的，随意的m3u8outdoors ad.在户外；在野外m4u12m1u1 outgoing a.外向的；爽直的m4u12outspoken a.坦率直言的m7u20m4u1 outwards ad.向外地m7u20overcoat n.大衣m1u1 overweight a.超重的m6u18ox (pl. oxen)n.牛(不分性别的通称)；公牛m5u15m7u4paddle n.桨状物，蹼；短桨pancake n.薄烤饼m8u22m4u3 panda n.熊猫paperwork n.文书工作m1u1parrot n.鹦鹉；学舌者m5u13passer-by (pl. passers-by)n.过客，过路人m4 Learningto learnm2u5P.E.=physicaln.体育pear n.梨子，梨树pedestrian n.步行者m3u9pianist n.钢琴家m2u5m6u2 pineapple n.菠萝；凤梨m5u13m3u3 playground n.操场，运动场poisonous a.有毒的；恶毒的；有害的m7u20m7u3 popcorn n.爆米花m4u10porridge n.稀饭；麦片粥；[俚]服刑m7u20m4u3 postage n.邮费m5u15postman(plpostmen)n.邮递员，邮差pronunciationn.发音；读法punctual a.严守时刻的，准时的m7u19pyramid n.金字塔，角锥形，叠罗汉m8u23quake n.震动，颤抖；地震m8u22M1U4questionna ire n.调查表，问卷m1 Learningto learnm6u5quilt n.被子；被状物m8u22m8u5 quiz n.测验，提问；恶作剧；竞赛；比赛m4u11m3u5 raincoat n.雨衣rainfall n.降雨，降雨量m8u22m8u3 rainy a.下雨的，多雨的razor n.剃须刀m7u19receptionis t n.招待员，传达员m5u14m8u5recite v.背诵；朗诵；叙述rectangle n.长方形，矩形refresh v.(使)精神振作，(使)精力恢复，更新m6u18m6u4refrigerato r n.电冰箱，冷藏库m4u10m8u3revision n.复习，温习；修订；修订本m5u13rhyme n.韵，押韵，押韵的词m4u10m6u2riddle n.谜语；神秘人物ripen v.使成熟m7u20m8u5 robot n.机器人；遥控设备；自动机械roundabout a.迂回的，转弯抹角的salty a.有盐分的，咸的，含盐的m5u13m6u2 saucer n.茶托，碟子，茶碟m6u17saying n.话，谚语m5u15scarf n.围巾，头巾领巾，嵌接，嵌接处，切口m4u10scenery n.风景，景色m2u4m3u5 schoolboy/girln.男/女学生m3u7scissors n.剪子，剪刀m4u12scold v.责骂；申斥m6u17seagull n.海鸥m8u24m8u1 seaside n.海滨m2u4m7u3 seaweed n.海草，海藻m8u24sew(sewed，sewn/sewed)v缝，缝制；缝补；缝纫m4u11m7u4shabby a.破旧的，褴褛的，低劣的，卑鄙的，不公平的m6u18,m8u22m8u4shark n.鲨鱼；骗子；[俚]内行m3u7sharpen v.削尖，磨快，尖锐m8u22m8u5 shaver n.[用具]剃须刀，修面的人m7u20 shopkeeper n.店主m3u7m7u5shortcomin g n.缺点，短处m5u13m1u3sideways ad.向一旁，向侧面地，斜地里sightseeing n.游览，观光m4u11m5u2 simplify v.单一化，简单化m5u15m2u3 sincerely ad.真诚地m7u19m1u4 skilful a.熟练的，精湛的m1u2m8u5 skyscraper n.摩天楼，高丛的烟囱m2u6,m8u22 slavery n.奴隶制度；苦役m8u23sleepy a.困乏的，欲睡的smog n.烟雾(= smoke + fog)m8u23sneaker n.胶底运动鞋m8u23m4u5 sneeze v.打喷嚏m7u20snowy a.雪的，多雪的sob n.呜咽，哭泣m8u4 socket n.窝，穴，孔，插座，牙糟m7u20sorrow n.悲伤，悲痛m6u16m6u2 souvenir n.纪念物；纪念品m7u20m4u5 spade n.铲，铁锹m7u21sparrow n.麻雀m5u13m6u2 spear n.梭镖，矛，枪m6u18m8u5 spelling n.拼法，拼写法m5u15m1u2 spoonful n.一匙m8u24squirrel n.松鼠m5u13stocking n.长统袜m1u3m8u4 stout a.结实的，勇敢坚定的，激烈的，矮胖的，顽强的m6u18stove n.炉m4u10strait n.海峡m8u1 subjective a.主观的，个人的m6u18m4u4 subscribe v.捐款，订阅，签署(文件)，赞成，预订m8u23m6u4table tennis n.乒乓球tasty a.味道好的；可口的m4u12m7u3 teapot n.茶壶m6u18m8u4 textbook n.教科书，课本m4u10thankful a.感谢的，感激的m7u19m8u1 thirst n.渴；口渴；渴望m8u24thundersto rm n.雷电交加的暴风雨；雷暴m8u22m6u5tiger n.老虎；凶暴的人tire v.疲劳，疲倦；厌倦tiresome a.无聊的，烦人的m6u16tomb n.坟墓m2u6 toothbrush n.牙刷toothpaste n.牙膏tortoise n.龟，迟缓的人m8u22tractor n.拖拉机m7u21training n.培训；练习tram n.有轨电车，电车轨道，煤车，吊车m8u23m8u1 transparent a.透明的，显然的，明晰的m7u19triangle n.三角形；三角关系m5u15m8u3troublesom e a.令人烦恼的；讨厌的；麻烦的m6u16m8u4turkey n.火鸡；无用的东西m1u3m8u2 turning n.旋转，转向，转弯处typewriter n.打字机m5u14typhoon n.台风m8u22m6u5 unbearable a.无法忍受的，承受不住的m6u16underwear n.内衣裤unfit a.不适宜的，不适当的m8u23m6u3 vacant a.空的，空白的，头脑空虚的，神情茫然的m8u24vase n.（花）瓶；瓶饰m4u10m2u1 violin n.小提琴；小提琴手violinist n.小提琴演奏者，小提琴家m6u16m6u2 vocabulary n.词汇，词汇表；词汇量m3u9m1u2 volleyball n.排球（运动）wag v.摇动，摆动；饶舌m8u24waiting-roomn.等候室，候诊室waitress n.女服务员m4u12wallet n.（放钱、证件的）皮夹m4u10m8u4 walnut n.胡桃，胡桃木m7u20m8u3 web n.网；错综复杂的事物或网络m2u4m2u3 weekday n.周日；平日westwards ad.向西m8u23whichever pron.无论那一个，任何一个m3u9m4u5 windy a.有风的，刮风的，多风的wolf n.狼woollen a.羊毛制的m6u18m8u4 worn a.用旧的，疲倦的m7u20m4u4 wrestle v.摔跤m7u20wrinkle n.皱纹m5u13m8u5yawn v.打呵欠，张开，裂开m6u17m4u4 yoghurt n.酸乳酪m5u13zebra n.斑马zip n.拉链。

【高效演练轻松闯关】2019届《优化方案》高三物理一轮复习：第六章第三节 word版含解析

一高考题组1．(单选)(2018·高考广东卷)喷墨打印机的简化模型如图所示．重力可忽略的墨汁微滴，经带电室带负电后，以速度v 垂直匀强电场飞入极板间，最终打在纸上．则微滴在极板间电场中( )A ．向负极板偏转B ．电势能逐渐增大C ．运动轨迹是抛物线D ．运动轨迹与带电荷量无关2．(多选)(2018·高考新课标全国卷)如图，平行板电容器的两个极板与水平地面成一角度，两极板与一直流电源相连．若一带电粒子恰能沿图中所示水平直线通过电容器，则在此过程中，该粒子( )A ．所受重力与电场力平衡B ．电势能逐渐增加C ．动能逐渐增加D ．做匀变速直线运动3．(单选)(2018·高考安徽卷)如图甲所示，两平行正对的金属板A 、B 间加有如图乙所示的交变电压，一重力可忽略不计的带正电粒子被固定在两板的正中间P 处．若在t 0时刻释放该粒子，粒子会时而向A 板运动，时而向B 板运动，并最终打在A 板上．则t 0可能属于的时间段是( )A ．0＜t 0＜T 4B.T 2＜t 0＜3T 4C.3T 4＜t 0＜T D ．T ＜t 0＜9T 8二模拟题组4．(单选)(2018·安徽名校联考)如图所示，六面体真空盒置于水平面上，它的ABCD 面与EFGH 面为金属板，其他面为绝缘材料．ABCD 面带正电，EFGH 面带负电．从小孔P 沿水平方向以相同速度射入三个质量相同的带正电液滴A 、B 、C ，最后分别落在1、2、3三点．则下列说法正确的是( )A ．三个液滴在真空盒中都做平抛运动B ．三个液滴的运动时间不一定相同C ．三个液滴落到底板时的速率相同D ．液滴C 所带电荷量最多5．(2018·四川攀枝花模拟)如图所示，虚线PQ 、MN 间存在如图所示的水平匀强电场，一带电粒子的质量为m ＝2.0×10－11 kg 、电荷量为q ＝＋1.0×10－5 C ，从a 点由静止开始经电压为U ＝100 V 的电场加速后，垂直于匀强电场进入匀强电场中，从虚线MN 上的某点b(图中未画出)离开匀强电场时速度与电场方向成30°角．已知PQ 、MN 间距离为20 cm ，带电粒子的重力忽略不计．求：(1)带电粒子刚进入匀强电场时的速率v 1；(2)匀强电场的场强大小；(3)ab 两点间的电势差．1．[解析]选C.由于微滴带负电，其所受电场力指向正极板，故微滴在电场中向正极板偏转，A 项错误．微滴在电场中所受电场力做正功，电势能减小，B 项错误．由于极板间电场是匀强电场，电场力不变，故微滴在电场中做匀加速曲线运动，并且轨迹为抛物线，C 项正确．带电量影响电场力及加速度大小，运动轨迹与加速度大小有关，故D 项错误．2．[解析]选BD.对带电粒子受力分析如图所示，F 合≠0，则A 错．由图可知电场力与重力的合力与v 0应反向，F 合对粒子做负功，其中mg 不做功，Eq 做负功，故粒子动能减少，电势能增加，故B 正确C 错误．F 合恒定且F 合与v 0方向相反，粒子做匀减速运动，D 项正确． 3．[解析]选B.设粒子的速度方向、位移方向向右为正．依题意得，粒子的速度方向时而为正，时而为负，最终打在A 板上时位移为负，速度方向为负．作出t 0＝0、T 4、T 2、3T 4时粒子运动的速度图象如图所示．由于速度图线与时间轴所围面积表示粒子通过的位移，则由图象可知0＜t 0＜T 4，3T 4＜t 0＜T 时粒子在一个周期内的总位移大于零；T 4＜t 0＜3T 4时粒子在一个周期内的总位移小于零；当t 0＞T 时情况类似．因粒子最终打在A 板上，则要求粒子在每个周期内的总位移应小于零，对照各选项可知只有B 正确．4．[解析]选D.三个液滴具有相同的水平初速度，但除了受重力以外，还受水平方向的电场力作用，不是平抛运动，选项A 错误；在竖直方向上三个液滴都做自由落体运动，下落高度又相同，运动时间必相同，选项B 错误；在相同的运动时间内，液滴C 水平位移最大，说明它在水平方向的加速度最大，它受到的电场力最大，故它所带电荷量也最多，选项D 正确；因为电场力对液滴C 做功最多，它落到底板时的速率最大，选项C 错误．5．[解析](1)由动能定理得：qU ＝12mv 21 代入数据得v 1＝104 m/s.(2)因粒子重力不计，则进入PQ 、MN 间电场中后，粒子做类平抛运动，有粒子沿初速度方向做匀速直线运动：d ＝v 1t粒子沿电场方向做初速度为零的匀加速直线运动：v y ＝at由题意得：tan 30°＝v 1v y由牛顿第二定律得：qE ＝ma联立以上相关各式并代入数据得：E ＝3×103 N/C ＝1.73×103 N/C.(3)由动能定理得：qU ab ＝12mv 2＝12m(v 21＋v 2y ) 联立以上相关各式并代入数据得：U ab ＝400 V.[答案](1)104 m/s (2)1.73×103 N/C(3)400 V。

2019版高中化学一轮复习方案文档：选修3物质结构与性质-模块综合检测(选修3)精品资料

模块综合检测(选修3)(时间：90分钟，满分：105分)1．(15分)(2018·山西重点中学协作体期末)现有前四周期T、X、Y、Z、W、M六种元素，已知W、Z、X、T、Y五种非金属元素原子半径依次减小，其中W原子的s电子总数等于p电子总数的2倍。

M原子的M能层上有4个未成对电子。

请完成下列问题：(1)写出W、Z、X、T四种元素第一电离能由大到小的顺序：____________(用元素符号表示)。

(2)基态M原子的核外电子排布式为___________________________________________。

(3)根据VSEPR理论，推断出由W与X两元素组成的最简单二价阴离子的立体构型为____________，W原子的杂化类型为____________。

(4)Y与T、X、Z、W所形成的最简单化合物的沸点由高到低的顺序为______________(用化学式表示)。

解析：根据题中信息“W原子的s电子总数等于p电子总数的2倍”可知，W的电子排布式是1s22s22p2，则W是碳元素；又知“W、Z、X、T、Y五种非金属元素原子半径依次减小”，根据元素周期律可推知Z是氮元素，X是氧元素，T是氟元素，Y是氢元素；“M 原子的M能层上有4个未成对电子”，则M的电子排布式是1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2，即M 是铁元素。

(1)C、N、O、F四种元素位于同一周期，随原子序数增大，第一电离能呈增大趋势，但N元素反常，因此第一电离能大小顺序是F>N>O>C。

(3)C和O两种元素组成的最简单的二价阴离子是CO2－3，该离子的中心原子的价层电子对数是3，孤电子对数是0，因此其立体构型是平面三角形，C原子的杂化类型为sp2杂化。

(4)H与F、O、N、C所形成的最简单化合物分别是HF、H2O、NH3、CH4，其中HF、H2O、NH3分子之间都存在氢键，它们的沸点都比没有氢键的CH4高，常温下H2O为液态，HF、NH3为气态，标准状况下HF为液态，NH3仍为气态，因此四种氢化物的沸点由高到低的顺序为H2O>HF>NH3>CH4。

物理二轮复习讲义：选修3-3(鲁科版)

2014届高考物理二轮复习讲义:选修3-3(鲁科版）一、分子动理论1．分子的大小（1）阿伏加德罗常数是联系宏观世界和微观世界的桥梁．表示1 mol任何物质中含有相同的微粒个数，用N A表示，其中N A＝6。

02×1023mol－1.（2）油膜法估测分子的大小：分子很小，其直径的数量级为10－10m.(3）估算微观量的两种模型①球体模型：直径为d＝错误!.②立方体模型:边长为d＝错误!.2．说明分子永不停息地做无规则热运动的两个实例（1)扩散现象:相互接触的物体互相进入对方的现象．温度越高，扩散越快．（2）布朗运动:永不停息、无规则的运动；颗粒越小，运动越剧烈；温度越高，运动越剧烈；运动轨迹不确定．3．分子间的相互作用力和分子势能（1）分子力分子间的相互作用力是分子间引力与斥力的合力．分子间同时存在引力和斥力，分子间距增大，引力和斥力均减小，且斥力比引力变化更快．(2）分子势能分子势能的改变与分子力做功有关．分子力做正功，分子势能减小；分子力做负功,分子势能增大;当分子间距为r0时,分子势能最小，但不一定是零．二、固体、液体和气体1．晶体、非晶体分子结构不同，表现出的物理性质不同．其中单晶体表现出各向异性,多晶体和非晶体表现出各向同性．2．液晶是一种特殊的物质，既可以流动，又可以表现出单晶体的分子排列特点，在光学、电学物理性质上表现出各向异性．3．液体的表面张力使液体表面有收缩到最小的趋势，表面张力的方向跟液面相切．4．气体实验定律：气体的状态由热力学温度、体积和压强三个物理量决定．(1）等温变化：pV＝C或p1V1＝p2V2.(2）等容变化:错误!＝C或错误!＝错误!。

(3)等压变化:错误!＝C或错误!＝错误!.(4)理想气体状态方程：错误!＝C或错误!＝错误!.三、热力学定律1．物体的内能及内能变化温度变化引起物体分子平均动能的变化；体积变化，分子间的分子力做功,引起分子势能的变化，从而判定物体内能的变化．2．热力学第一定律(1）公式：ΔU＝W＋Q．（2）符号规定：做功W 外界对物体做功W>0物体对外界做功W〈0吸放热Q 物体从外界吸收热量Q〉0物体向外界放出热量Q<0内能变物体内能增ΔU〉化ΔU 加0物体内能减少ΔU 〈03.热力学第二定律(1)表述一：热量不能自发地从低温物体传到高温物体．(2)表述二:不可能从单一热库吸收热量，使之完全变成功，而不产生其他影响．(3)揭示了自然界中进行的涉及热现象的宏观过程都具有方向性，说明了第二类永动机不能制造成功．，[P62～P64］)热点一微观量的估算命题规律：微观量的估算问题在近几年高考出现的较少，但在2014年高考中出现的概率较大，主要以选择题的形式考查下列两个方面：(1）宏观量与微观量的关系;(2)估算固、液体分子大小,气体分子所占空间大小和分子数目的多少．(2011·高考江苏卷改编)某同学在进行“用油膜法估测分子的大小”的实验前,查阅数据手册得知：油酸的摩尔质量M＝0.283 kg·mol－1，密度ρ＝0.895×103 kg·m－3。