SAT2015-2016-模拟测试题与解析第1套

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高中英语真题-2015-2016学年第一学期高三摸底考试

2015-2016学年第一学期高三摸底考试本试卷共 10 页, 三大题,满分 135 分,考试用时 120 分钟注意事项：1.本试卷分第 I 卷（选择题）和第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分。

2.答题前。

考生务必将自己姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。

3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。

第 I 卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ATo achieve further education, international students must tak e a standardized test of English. Three popular tests are TOE FL, TOEIC, and IELTS.Here are several introductions for a student applying to a school to learn which test the program requires.The TOEIC tests workplace communicationThe TOEIC test started in the 1970s. The TOEIC is based on English used in the workplace. But the test does not require k nowledge of special business words. The questions come fro m real situations like attending a company meeting.ETS says that 14,000 organizations in 150 countries use the TOEIC.The TOEFL tests English used in the classroomThere are several versions of the TOEFL.Students take the Internet-based TOEFL, or TOEFL IBT, on a computer. Many un iversities require the TOEFL IBT for international student ad missions.Another TOEFL is the paper-based TOEFL, or TOEFL ITP. It is part of ETS’s institutional t estingprogram. TOEFL ITP is used within institutions for the purpos e of placement or to evaluate progress of students. It is not ac cepted for entrance to universities.For young English learners, there are two new TOEFL tests. The TOEFL Junior Test is for youngpeople between 11 and 15 years old. And the TOEFL Primary Test is for those over the age of eight.IELTS tests academic and general language skillsThe IELTS has two forms. The Listening and Speaking sectio ns are the same for both forms. In the and Writing sections, h owever, there are two different tests.The Academic IELTS uses topics and materials covered in un dergraduate, graduate, or professional programs.The General IELTS uses topics and material from everyday b ooks, newspapers and magazines.1. Which kind of TOEFL is used within institutions for the purp ose of placement or to evaluate progress of students?A. TOEFL IBT.B. TOEFL ITP.C. TOEFL Junior Test.D. TOEFL Primary Test.2. According to the passage, which description is Not right?A. The TOEIC test includes questions coming from real situations like attending a company meeting.B. Many universities require the TOEFL IBT for international student admissions.C. The Academic IELTS uses topics and materials cover ed in undergraduate, graduate, or professional programs.D. The Listening and Writing sections are the same for The Academic IELTS and The General IELTS.3. The writer wrote the article mainly to ___________.A. make an introduction about three popular testsB. place an advertisement for three popular testsC. give a business talk about three popular testsD. give a lesson on three popular testsBNASA on Thursday announced the discovery of Kepler-452b, the most Earth-like planet ever found.Located 1,400 light-years from our planet, NASA called it “Earth 2.0”, becau se it’s the first planetdiscovered in the habitable zone of a G star similar to our sun.“We can think of Kepler-452b as an older, bigger cousin to Earth, providing an o pportunity tounderstand and reflect upon Earth’s evolving environment,” s aid Jon Jenkins, the Kepler data analysislead at NASA's .The planet is 5 percent farther away from its star than Earth is to the sun, making for a slightly longer year of 38 5 days, but gets similar light because its sun is 20 percent bri ghter than our own.“The sunshine from this star would feel very similar to t he sunshine from our star,” Jenkins told reporters.NASA believes the planet has a mass about five times more massive than Earth’s, with a rocky surface below a thicker atmosphere than our own. Gravity would be abo ut twice as strong on Kepler-452b as it is on Earth, NASA said.The planet is located in the Kepler-452 system in the constellation Cygnus (天鹅座). Its sun has the same surface temperature as our own, but has a diameter that is 10 percent larger.While NASA scientists have no idea if Kepler-452b’s atmosphere is conducive to life, they do know that ther e has been plenty of time for organisms to develop.“It’s awe-inspiring to consider this planet spent 6 billion years in t he habitable zone of its star, which is longer the age of the Earth,” Jenkins said. “That is considerable time and opportunit y for life to arise somewhere on its surface or oceans if all the necessary conditions for life exist on this planet.”4. The reason why NASA called Kepler-452b “Earth2.0” is that ___________.A. it is 5 percent farther away from its star than Earth is to thesunB. it has a mass about five times more massive than Earth’sC. it’s the first planet discovered in the habitable zone of a G s tar similar to our sunD. it is longer the age of the Earth5. According to the passage, we know that ____________.A. Kepler-452b is located in the constellation CygnusB. Kepler-452b’s atmosphere is conducive to lifeC. gravity would be about twice as strong on Earth as it is on Kepler-452bD. the sunshine from Kepler-452b would feel very different from the sunshine from earth 6. The underlined part “habitable zone” in the last paragraph r efers to ___________.A. a large area which is different from othersB. a small area which is the same as othersC. a large area which is good enough for people to live inD. a small area which is hard for people to live in7. What type of writing is the text? It’s ____________.A. an exhibition guide.B. an art show review.C. a scienc e fictionD. a news reportCAre you trying to learn a new language in a foreign land? You might be better off if you stopped looking at that picture of yo ur family and friends.New research from Columbia University found that promp ting someone who is learning a new language with imag es and reminders of their own culture could temporarily r uin everything that the brain was trying to build.When native Chinese students were asked to talk with a Cauc asian avatar (白种人的虚拟头像) and a Chinese avatar, their English skills were so diff erent. Simply exposing students to a Chinese person affe cted their ability to speak English. Subjects who talked with the Chinese version felt more comfortable in their spe ech, but they produced 11% fewer words per minute. They ac tually became less fluent speakers.To make sure it wasn't just the avatar, researchers also show ed people random images of while the participants told a st ory. When pictures of their homeland appeared, fluency dropped 16% and volunteers were 85% more likely to use a l iteral translation, for example, calling pistachios “happy nuts”, because that's literally what the Chinese word for pistachio means.When the students were shown pictures of fish with one swim ming ahead of the others, their culture would change how the y look at the photo. With Chinese prompts (提示), like photos of the Great Wall or Chinese Dragon, etc. they saw more students thinking that the fish was being chased, w hile an American prompt, like pictures of Marilyn Monroe or S uperman, saw those students believing that it was a leader fis h. Why are our cultural symbols Marilyn Monroe and Superma n?The bottom line is: when attempting to learn a new culture it is far better to surround yourself withthat culture than create an island of the old one.8. Why does the author use a question in the first paragraph?A. To raise a question.B. To arouse readers’ aw areness.C. To introduce the topic.D. To tell a story.9. The underlined word “pistachios” in the fourth paragraph ref ers to ___________.A. picturesB. a kind of foodC. volunteersD. an image10. From the passage we can infer that ___________.A. with Chinese prompts, more students thought that it was a l eader fishB. with an American prompt, more students thought that the fi sh was being chasedC. different images would change with different peopleD. different cultures would affect how students look at the pho to11. According to the research, which is a better way fora student in a foreign land to learn a new culture?A. To surround himself with that culture.B. To create an island of the old one.C. To see random images of .D. To talk with a Cau casian avatar.DJust three days after hitting the screen across China, th e Chinese animation (动画) film “Monkey King: Hero is Back” aroused enthusiasm a mong audience and ticket sales have exceeded（超过）100 million yuan ($16.11 million).Web celebrities and many fans even posted topics about the f ilm on ’s Twitter-like Weibo, atwhich heated discussion are sparked.“Monkey King: Hero is Back” is based on the household legend of the Monkey King, but tells a not-so familiar story. However, it’s still a Chinese style heroic lege nd and an exciting adventure against evil and darkness in trou bled times, according to Lu Wei, the producer.“Monkey King is China’s super hero. It is so popular among C hinese audience because they long for and cherish our own s uperhero,” said Tian Xiaopeng, the director.Some media also put on a lot of comments from foreigners. “He’s never dead, he’s just fallen asleep. We all need a hero to look up to, to give us hope and courage when it is needed. We grew up listening to his tales, his great adventu res and heroic deeds. What makes a true hero is not just helpi ng people when one has the power, but having the courage to stand up against the evil even without power. And this is wha t the film is about. When the hero loses his power and armor, when he is nothing more than an ordinary monkey, what woul d he do to protect the one he loves? This is also about a grou p of Chinese dream chasers trying to keep the beacon of h ope lit even though being in the most unfavorable situations” f rom Tumblr.“Though the film was injected with a little bit of Hollywood, itsbold and creative story has attracted several Chinese cinema aficionados.” from Yibada.One netizen posted after watching the film: “The film sets a ne w high-bar for the domestic animation film, when I walked out of the t heater, I was crying.”12. According to the director’s opinion, the film is so po pular among Chinese audience because_______.A. Chinese audience long for and cherish his own superheroB. the film is based on the household legend of the Monkey Ki ngC. the Chinese need a hero to look up to, to give them hope a nd courageD. the film was injected with a little bit of13. According to the passage, it can be inferred that ________ _.A. the film is still a Chinese style heroic legendB. the film is well-receivedC. the film tells us the fact that what makes a true hero is to h elp people when one has the powerD. the film only aroused enthusiasm among Chinese audience14. After watching the film, the netizen mentioned in the last p aragraph was _________.A. very sadB. deeply moved C .very crazy D. deeply gloomy15. Why does the writer mention Weibo, Tumblr and Yibada? Because he wants to __________.A. persuade more readers to visit themB. tell readers so me information about themC. make them better known to readersD. provide some evidence for readers第二节（共 5 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2015-2016学年高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷(含答案)

2015-2016学年高三第一次模拟考试试卷英语第 I 卷（100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman most probably think of the man?A. Naughty.B. Kind-hearted.C. Careless.2. What does the man want to do tonight?A. Go out to eat.B. Eat at home.C. Learn how to cook.3. Why is there no food left in the fridge?A. Jim ate all the food.B. Alice took all the food.C. Jim took all the food to the kitchen.4. What does the man’s father want him to be?A. A musician.B. A doctor.C. A programmer.5. How does Susan probably look now?A. Pleased.B. Surprised.C. Upset.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What time is it now?A. 11:00 am.B. 11:30 am.C. 12:00 noon.7. Where does the conversation take place?A. On the train.B. At the train station.C. At the restaurant.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

高中英语真题-2015—2016学年度下学期第一次模拟考试

2015—2016学年度下学期第一次模拟考试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡指定区域。

2.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

第Ⅱ卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡指定位置书写作答，在本试题卷上作答无效。

3.考试结束后，考生将答题卡交回。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is wrong with the sweater?A. It is a wrong size.B. It lost color.C.It became smaller.2. What does the man want?A. An apartment.B.A house with a garden.C.A garden in the country.3. What does the man think the woman should do?A. Avoid inv iting Henry.B.Throw a party.C.Visit Henry in town.4. Why isn’t Lisa coming?A. She doesn’t like the snow.B. She got injured last night.C. Jenny wants to replace her.5. How did the man get along with the job interview?A.Very poorly.B.Not so well.C.Very well.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2015-2016高三英语摸底答案

2015-2016学年度高三年级摸底考试英语试题参考答案卷A1. B2. A3. B4. C5. A6. A7. B8. C9. A10. C 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. C 18. A19. B 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. C37. E 38. G 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. A46. C 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A55. B 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. C卷B1. C2. B3. A4. A5. B6. C7. C8. A9. B10. A 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18.B19. C 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. C28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C37. E 38. G 39. A 40. D 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B46. B 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. C55. D 56. C 57. B 58. A 59. A 60. B语法填空：61. potatoes 62. to make 63. usually 64. which 65. with66. is mailed 67. included 68. an 69. their 70. best短文改错Only a few days after I arrived in the UK did I realize what changeable the weatherhowwas. In Saturday afternoon, my friends and I decided to cook some traditional Chinese Onfood rather than to eat out. It was nice and beautiful from∧beginning when suddenly thetheclouds gathered above. Then the sun was blocked complete by the thick clouds, following bycompletely followeda heavy rain fall. But it only rained for about 10 minutes after the sun showed its lovely facebeforeagain. While they were having dinner, the sun hide behind the clouds once again. It changed we hidfrom sunshine to light rain for several time in a single day.times书面表达One possible versionDear Peter,Nice to hear from you. In this mail, I’d like to share with you my volunteer experience in my community hospital during the summer vacation.I worked from July 15th to July 31st, during which time people over 55 were given a free medical examination. Every day I arrived before 6:30 and helped organize the people who came. Then I would help them fill in the forms. Leading them to the different departments was also part of my duties. Often, by the time their examinations were over at 11:30 a.m., I was already bathed in sweat.Tired as I was in those days, I benefited a lot from the experience. My confidence built up and my communication skills improved.How was your holiday?Yours,Li hua听力原文第一节（Text 1）W: Stone Hotel, Mary speaking.M: This is Mr. Wood. I’d like to speak to Mr. Hunter, please.（Text 2）M: Why did our head teacher pull such a long face today?W: He found three students playing games in class.（Text 3）W: Why are you so late? A traffic jam?M: No, and not my alarm clock, either. In fact, my aunt came without informing me in advance.（Text 4）M: Already ten past seven. Why hasn’t Lucy arrived yet?W: Don’t worry. There is still twenty minutes to go before the film starts.（Text 5）W:What about this dress, Sam? It cost me nearly five hundred dollars.M: It’s fashionable, but I’m afraid it’s not of your style.（Text 6）W: Daniel, you coughed a lot last night.M: Yes. I hope it didn’t affect your sleep.W: Oh, no, not that. What I really want to say is that you should quit smoking. More than 30 cigarettes a day is too much. They will ruin your health.M: I know. But without a cigarette, I find it hard to get inspired while writing.W: Many other ways can have the same effect, such as outdoor activities or watching entertainment shows.M: Sounds reasonable. I think I can get something when I am getting close to nature.W: Why not buy yourself a mountain bike? You longed to have one.M: OK. That’s a good idea.(Text 7)W: Hello, David. I’m calling to ask whether you can pick me up at the airport tomorrow afternoon.M: When?W: At 4:00.M: I am afraid I can’t. I will be giving a report then. Susan will be available the whole day. I will ask her to pick you up.W: Thanks. But doesn’t Susan have to work tomorrow?M: She has quit her job and is looking for a new one.W: Why, what a good salary she got!M: She said good pay couldn’t make up for the loss of health. She couldn’t sleep well every night due to the stress.W: I can’t agree more. The work was too stressful.M: Yes. But her boss Bruce was quite satisfied with her.(Text 8)W: What will you do this weekend? The weather forecast says it will be fine.M: I will visit my grandma in the countryside.W: Doesn’t she live here with your family?M: No, she says she can’t stand the noises.W: Yes. Also the city is too crowded and the air too dirty.M: What about you? Got any plans?W: I had intended to go fishing with my father. But he has other plans. So I will stay at homehelping my mum do a thorough cleaning instead.M: You are so considerate. See you next Monday.W: Have a good time with your grandma. See you!（Text 9）W: Charlie? Charlie?M: Ah…Oh, hi, Jane! I d idn’t realize somebody was coming.W: Not surprising. You were so absorbed in reading.M: I never knew a park like this could be a good place for reading.W: By the way, have you found a topic for your paper yet?M: No. Professor Smith asked us to write anything about life. But I am still at a loss.W: Well, why not write about life in Greece? You are always interested in that part of the world. M: But there is too much material to cover. Mr. Smith only wants a paper of five to seven pages. W: Yes. Countries like Greece and Egypt have too much for us to explore. Then what about life in Korea? You were there last summer and know what impresses people most.M: Well, not a bad idea. I brought back lots of souvenirs and books with me. They will give me some inspiration.(Text 10)A solar-powered plane has made history by flying from Japan to Hawaii, a journey of almost 6,500 kilometres. The plane’s name is Solar Energy 2. A kind of material that covers the plane turns the sun’s rays into power. Scientists hope that all airplanes in the future will fly using solar power. Solar Energy 2 landed in Hawaii after a 118-hour flight across the Pacific Ocean. The Swiss pilot shared his feelings after arriving in Hawaii. He wrote, “Just landed in Hawaii with Solar Energy 2. It’s a dream coming true.”The flight broke the previous record of 76 hours, which was set by American pilot Steve Fossett in 2006.Solar Energy 2 is attempting to fly around the world using only solar power. It set off from Abu Dhabi in March and stopped in India and China. Its next stop will be Los Angeles in the USA. From there it will fly to New York, before heading to Europe and then back to Abu Dhabi. One of the aims of the journey is to raise awareness about climate change and renewable energy. The Solar Energy 2 pilot told the USA Today Newspaper that, “The most important thing isn’t to make world records. It’s to show what we can do with clean technologies. This is important for our planet because airplanes produce around 12 percent of the CO2 from all sources of transportation.”。

2015届高三第一次高考模拟考试

2015届高三第一次高考模拟考试英语试题Ⅰ语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)There are two factors which determine an individual‘s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ 1 , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a 2 he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to 3 . So the second factor is what happens to the individual —the sort of environ ment in which he is reared. If an individual is 4 environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is 5 .The importance of environment in determining an individual‘s intelligence can be 6 by the case history of Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at 7 ,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in 8 foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated communit y with poor 9 opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to c ollege. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every 10 to be stimulated intellec tually. This environmental 11 continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giv en tests to 12 their intelligence. Mark‗s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average a nd 13 forty points higher than his identical brother.Given the 14 opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at 15 the same level.1． A. slightly B. considerably C. generally D. generally2． A. idea B. mind C. brain D. thought3． A. grow B. experience C. practice D. learn4． A. disagreed B. disapproved C. disabled D. disfavored5． A.acceptable B. available C. accessible D. capable6． A. realized B. demonstrated C. achieved D. experimented7． A. birth B. first C. last D. half8． A. perfect B. remote C. separate D. isolated9． A. practical B. natural C.actual D. educational10． A. opportunity B. condition C. instruction D. guidance11． A. similarity B. difference C. change D. variety12． A. ensure B. measure C. decline D. decrease13． A. nearly B. rarely C. extremely D. fully14． A. precious B.different C. equal D. rare15． A.roughly B. completely C. obviously D. exactly第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。

2015SAT阅读练习及答案解析

SAT阅读真题及答案（一）The number of women directors appointed to corporate boards in the United States has increased dramatically, but the ratio of female to male directors remains low. Although pressure to recruit women directors,(5) unlike that to employ women in the general work force, does not derive from legislation, it is nevertheless real. Although small companies were the first to have women directors, large corporations currently have a higher percentage of women on their boards. When the (10)chairs of these large corporations began recruiting women to serve on boards, they initially sought women who were chief executive officers (CEO’s) of large corporations. However, such women CEO’s ar e still rare. In addition, the ideal of six CEO’s (female or male ) serving (15) on the board of each of the largest corporations is realizable only if every CEO serves on six boards. This raises the specter of director over commitment and the resultant dilution of contribution. Consequently, the chairs next sought women in business who had the equivalent of (20) CEO experience. However, since it is only recently that large numbers of women have begun to rise in management, the chairs began to recruit women of high achievement outside the business world. Many such women are well known for their contributions in government, (25) education, and the nonprofit sector. The fact that the women from these sectors who were appointed were often acquaintances of the b oards’ chairs seems quite reasonable: chairs have always considered it important for directors to interact comfortably in the boardroom.30) Although many successful women from outside the business world are unknown to corporate leaders, these women are particularly qualified to serve on boards because of the changing nature of corporations. Today a company’s ability to be responsive to the concerns of the 35) community and the environment can influence that company’s growth and survival. Women are unique ly positioned to be responsive to some of these concerns. Although conditions have changed, it should be remembered that most directors of both sexes are over fifty (40) years old. Women of that generation were often encouraged to direct their attention toward efforts to improve the community. This fact is reflected in the career development of most of the outstandingly successful women of the generation now in their fifties, who currently serve (45) on corporate boards: 25 percent are in education and 22 percent are in government, law, and the nonprofit sector. One organization of women directors is helping business become more responsive to the changing needs of (50) society by raising the level of corporate awareness about social issues, such as problems with the economy, government regulation, the aging population, and the environment. This organization also serves as a resource center of information on accomplished women who are (55) potential candidates for corporate boards.1. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about achievement of the “ideal” mentioned in line 14?(A) It has only recently become a possibility.(B) It would be easier to meet if more CEO’s were women(C) It is very close to being a reality for most corporate boards.(D) It might affect the quality of directors’ service to corporations.(E) It would be more realizable if CEO’s had a more extensive range of business experience.2. According to the passage, the pressure to appoint women to corporate boards differs from the pressure to employ women in the work force in which of the following ways?(A) Corporate boards are under less pressure because they have such a small number of openings.(B) Corporate boards have received less pressure from stockholders, consumers, and workers within companies to include women on their boards.(C) Corporate boards have received less pressure from the media and the public to include women on their boards.(D) Corporations have only recently been pressured to include women on their boards.(E) Corporations are not subject to statutory penalty for failing to include women on their boards.3. All of the following are examples of issues that the organization described in the last paragraph would be likely to advise corporations on EXCEPT(A) long-term inflation(B) health and safety regulations(C) retirement and pension programs(D) the energy shortage(E) how to develop new markets4. It can be inferred from the passage that, when seeking to appoint new members to a corporation’s board, the chair traditionally looked for candidates who(A) had legal and governmental experience(B) had experience dealing with community affairs(C) could work easily with other members of the board(D) were already involved in establishing policy for that corporation(E) had influential connections outside the business world5. According to the passage, which of the following is true about women outside the business world who are currently serving on corporate boards?(A) Most do not serve on more than one board.(B) A large percentage will eventually work on the staff of corporations.(C) Most were already known to the chairs of the board to which they were appointed.(D) A larger percentage are from government and law than are from the nonprofit sector.(E) Most are less than fifty years old.6. The passage suggests that corporations of the past differ from modern corporations in which of the following ways?(A) Corporations had greater input on government policies affecting the business community.(B) Corporations were less responsive to the financial needs of their employees.(C) The ability of a corporation to keep up with changing markets was not a crucial factor in its success.(D) A corporation’s effectiveness in coping with community needs was less likely to affect its growth and prosperity.(E) Corporations were subject to more stringent government regulations.7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) A problem is described, and then reasons why various proposed solutions succeeded or failed are discussed.(B) A problem is described, and then an advantage of resolving it is offered.(C) A problem is described, and then reasons for its continuing existence are summarized.(D) The historical origins of a problem are described, and then various measures that have successfully resolved it are discussed.(E) The causes of a problem are described, and then its effects are discussed.8. It can be inferred from the passage that factors making women uniquely valuable members of modern corporate boards would include which of the following?Ⅰ. The nature of modern corporationsⅡ. The increased number of women CEO’sⅢ. The careers pursued by women currently available to serve on corporate boards(A) Ⅰonly(B) Ⅱonly(C) Ⅲonly(D) Ⅰand Ⅲonly(E) Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and ⅢCorrect Answers：DEECCDBD。

2015年1月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：满分写作范文解析

2015年1月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：满分写作范文解析本次官方给出了两道样题，北京新东方张卉老师针对第一篇样题（节选自Paul Bogard 于2012.12.21发表在《洛杉矶时报》的“Let There Be Dark.”）的满分作文进行了官方得分理由的第一时间解读。

满分作文（阅读部分4分，理解部分4分，写作部分4分）阅读理解部分---4分：这篇作文通过熟练的间接引用--转述技巧（paraphrases）和直接引用技巧（direct quotations）展现出了对材料文章全面充分的理解能力。

作者用简洁的语言概括了Bogard’s piece这篇文章的主旨，即(natural darkness should be preserved; we must preserve true, unaffected darkness)，并从材料文章中找寻证据来说明作者如何支持主旨：如提及作者用个人轶事来开篇；提及Bogard对Paris’ reputation as “The City of Ligh t”这一历史典故的引用。

考生并未直接引用大段的作者原文，而是用自己简洁精确的转述语言来全面解读Bogard 的这篇argument，考生能够清晰有条理的说明Bogard如何使用细节来支持主旨。

这篇文章没有对材料文章事实的误读或曲解。

总而言之，此文反映出了考生优秀的阅读理解技巧。

分析能力部分—4分：北京新东方张卉老师通过结合官方理由解读，这篇满分文章展现了考生深刻透彻的分析能力并展现出考生对分析技巧这一要求的深刻理解。

考生认真全面地解释了Bogard如何通过使用个人轶事，艺术和历史引喻，修辞手段等方法来展开他的议论。

例如：考生分析了Bogard为何采用个人轶事这一手段来进行开篇，并描述了作者采用这一方法对读者产生的整体效果，如(In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard challenges the audience to remember a time where they could fully amass themselves in natural darkness void of artificial light. By drawing in his readers with a personal encounter...the author means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and awe-inspiring mystery that genuine darkness can possess.... This anecdote provides a baseline of sorts for readers to find credence with the author’s claims. ) 括号中这一有说服力的逻辑链表明了考生从手段功能性和读者效果性两个方面，全面地理解了Bogard采用个人轶事这一方式开篇的作用。

2015年高考模拟试卷及参考答案全国卷1.pdf

2015年高三模拟考试英语试题全国卷1第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AIf the word researcher brings to mind someone who works in a laboratory doing experiments or reads a11 day in a librar y,then meet Dr.Sylvia Earle.Dr.Earle has carried out much of her research deep under the sea.Her outstanding work at sea ha s included leading around 70 expeditions(探索)and spending over 6,500 hours under the water. She also holds the world record for the deepest walk alone on the ocean floor at a depth of 381 metres.It’s no wonder she ha s been given the nickname“Her Deepness”.As a child,Dr.Earle was always interested in wildlife and was never afraid to find out about nature.Her parents told her to touch animals and insects,and not to be afraid of them.When she was older,she was given the opportunity to develop this int erest thanks to scho1arships to study botany at university.She also took courses in sea diving and decided to devote herself t o marine(海洋的)biology.It was this decision and her determined character that led her to have a truly remarkable career.After several years of diving,Dr.Earle took part in a research expedition in an underwater laboratory.The laboratory was called a Tektite Habitat and it allowed divers to remain under the water to carry out research for weeks at a time.In 1970 an all-female group went on the sixth expedition of the Tektite II scientists-in-the-water programme.Dr.Earle was asked to lead the expedition.Along with another four women-three scientists and an engineer-she stayed in the Tektite Habitat for two wee ks.Marine life has always been at the centre of Dr.Earle’s work and she is highly respected for her authority in this field.She i s often asked to give talks by environmental groups about marine life as well as her plan to create a global network of marin e protected areas. What makes her extra special is that she doesn’t look upon her work as a job,but as her vocation(天职)in life.21.In what way is Dr.Earle different from most researchers we know about?A.She works in a laboratory doing experiments all day.B.She reads all day in a library.C.She carries out much of her research deep under the sea.D.She has broken lots of world records.22.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2？A.Dr.Earle’s interest in wildlife led her to a truly remarkable career.B.Dr.Earle’s success is chiefly due to her family background.C.Dr.Earle’s success is chiefly due to the scholarships to study botany at university.D.V arious factors have contributed to Dr.Earle’s success.23.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3？A.Five women took part in the expedition.B.Five scientists took part in the expedition.C.Dr.Earle was an ordinary member of the group.D.The group stayed under water for three weeks.24.What does Dr.Earle hope to achieve in the future?A.To keep marine life at the centre of her work.B.To create protected areas in the oceans around the world.C.To travel around the world giving talks.D.To look upon her work as her vocation in life.BA paperclip,made of steel wire bent into a looped()shape,is an instrument used to hold sheets of paper toget her.This common device is a wonder of simplicity and function.But where did this simple,cheap,and practical invention co me from?In the late 19th century,the most common way to hold papers together was by using a pin.Although the pin was an ine xpensive tool and was easily removable,it would 1eave holes in the ter,as steelvwire became more common,invent ors began to notice its elastic()feature.With this feature,it could be stretched and twisted into various clip-like objects.In the years just before 1900,quite a few paperclip designs appeared.The name most frequently associated with the paperclip invention is Johan Vaaler,a Norwegian inventor.However,Vaaler’s clips were not the same as the paperclips curr entlyin use.Specifically,they did not have the inside loop we see today.The familiar looped design was invented by Gem Manuf acturing Ltd.in England.This clip is therefore sometimes known as the Gem clip.Because of Vaaler,the paperclip played an important historical role in Norway.During World War II,Norway was occu pied by the Nazis.Norwegians were prohibited from wearing any symbol of their national unity(),such as buttons wi th the initials of their king.Thus,in protest,they started wearing paperclips to show their unity.The reason for doing this was simple:Paperclips were a Norwegian invention whose original function was to bind together.After the war,a giant papercli p statue was put up in Oslo to honour Vaaler—even though his design was never actually produced.25.According to the first paragraphthe paperclip is________.A.made of paperB.for holding clothes togetherC.shaped like a pinD.inexpensive and useful26.One way the paperclip is better than the pin is that_________A.it is cheaperB.it is simplerC.it doesn’t damage the paperD.it can be removed more easily27.Which of the following best shows what the Gem clip looks like?28.The last paragraph is mainly about_________.A.how widely used Vaaler’s clip isB.how V aalers clip became a national symbolC.how the Nazis ruled the Norwegian peopleD.why Norwegians had the initials of their king on their buttonsCI was born on the last day of February.I’ve always felt sorry for February,squeezed between the big months of January( named for the Roman god Janus,keeper of gateways)and March(after Mars,the god of war).The first Roman calendar,it is said,had 10 months and no February.Beginning at the vernal equinox()with March,i t ended with December.In an agricultural society,winter was of little importance,and thus went undivided.January and February were added about 700 B.C.by the second king of Rome,Numa Pompilius.He made all the months 29 or 31 days,but shortened February,the last month of the year,by giving it only 28.Next,it was the church’s turn.In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII announced a new calendar in Europe.Many changes were ma de,but the Pope passed up yet another chance to give February equality with the other months.It’s messy,even dangerous,changing how we measure time,but Pope Gregory was hardly the last one to try.The League o f Nations received over 150 new calendar designs,and the United Nations has considered more proposals since.Each propos al involves something that supposedly modernizes the calendar.But I have a simpler proposal that won’t lead to chaos,and will correct the historical injustices against Februarymove the last day of January and the last day of March into February to make it a normal month with 30 days,and a respecta ble 31 on leap years().This would not add or subtract a single day from the calendar year.It’s a great idea.And unlike J ulius and Augustus,I won’t even demand a month named in my honor.29.The first Roman calendar had only 10 months because_________.A.February hated to be squeezed between the big monthsB.the god of war always fought with January and FebruaryC.the Romans did not like the cold winter weatherD.it was Considered unnecessary to divide winter30.Which of the following is closest to Numa Pompilius’calendar?31.The writer sounds_____in the passage.A.sadB.humorousC.happyD. angryDOne important thing during the pre-Christmas rush at our house was the arrival of my daughter’s kindergarten report car d.She got high praise for her reading,vocabulary and overall enthusiasm.On the other hand,We learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and computer skills,though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words tha t might be interpreted as negative()in describing her efforts.A number System indicates how she’s measuring up in e ach area without any mention of passing or failing.The debate over whether formal grades should be given to kids has long existed.At one level,the advantages and disadva ntages are obvious.A grade system provides a straightforward standard by which to measure how your child is progressing a t school--and how he or she is getting on compared to other children.But as writer Sue Ferguson notes,Grades can deceive. ()The aim should be”to measure learning,not simply what a student can remember on a test.”The two aren’t the same-and if you doubt that as an adult,ask yourself whether you could sit down without any preparation and still pass those high-s chool-level examinations.If you’re old enough,You’ve lived through this debate before.At one time,it was considered unfair to put children in dire ct competition with one another if it could be avoided.The intention behind that may have been good,but it ignored the fact t hat competition,and the will to come out on top,are essential components of the human condition.32.Which of the following seems to be weak on the daughter’s kindergarten report card?A.Reading.B.V ocabulary.C.Enthusiasm.D.Numbers.33.what did the teachers try to do when preparing the report card?A.Avoid using negative words.B.Describe the facts as they really were.e numbers instead of words.D.Avoid showing weak areas.34.What does the writer suggest by the underlined part in Paragraph 2?A.Most adults can pass high-school-level examinations without preparation.B.There’s no doubt that most high-school-level examinations measure learning.C.As an adult,you should not doubt your ability to pass high-school-level examinations.D.It’s difficult for most adults to pass high-school-level examinations without preparation.35.Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with?A.Schools should not give formal grades to kids.B.Schools should give formal grades to kids.C.Giving formal grades to kids has no disadvantages at a11.D.It’s unfair to put children in direct competition with one another.第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

新SAT官方试题第一套答案

Answer Explanations SAT® Practice Test #1© 2015 The College Board. College Board, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. 5KSA09Answer ExplanationsSAT Practice Test #1Section 1: Reading T estQUESTION 1.Choice B is the best answer. In the passage, a young man (Akira) asks amother (Chie) for permission to marry her daughter (Naomi). The requestwas certainly surprising to the mother, as can be seen from line 47, whichstates that prior to Akira’s question Chie “had no idea” the request was coming.Choice A is incorrect because the passage depicts two characters engagedin a civil conversation, with Chie being impressed with Akira’s “sincerity”and finding herself “starting to like him.” Choice C is incorrect becausethe passage is focused on the idea of Akira’s and Naomi’s present lives andpossible futures. Choice D is incorrect because the interactions betweenChie and Akira are polite, not critical; for example, Chie views Akira with“amusement,” not animosity.QUESTION 2.Choice B is the best answer. The passage centers on a night when a youngman tries to get approval to marry a woman’s daughter. The passage includesdetailed descriptions of setting (a “winter’s eve” and a “cold rain,” lines 5-6);character (Akira’s “soft, refined” voice, line 33; Akira’s eyes “sh[ining] withsincerity,” line 35); and plot (“Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minutelooking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally, she spoke,” lines 88-89).Choice A is incorrect because the passage focuses on a nontraditional mar-riage proposal. Choice C is incorrect because the passage concludes withoutresolution to the question of whether Akira and Naomi will receive permis-sion to marry. Choice D is incorrect because the passage repeatedly makesclear that for Chie, her encounter with Akira is momentous and unsettling,as when Akira acknowledges in line 73 that he has “startled” her.1QUESTION 3.Choice C is the best answer. Akira “came directly, breaking all tradition,”(line 1) when he approached Chie and asked to marry her daughter, and he“ask[ed] directly,” without “a go-between” (line 65) or “mediation,” becausedoing otherwise would have taken too much time.Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in these contexts, “directly” doesnot mean in a frank, confident, or precise manner.QUESTION 4.Choice A is the best answer. Akira is very concerned Chie will find his mar-riage proposal inappropriate because he did not follow traditional protocol anduse a “go-between” (line 65). This is clear in lines 63-64, when Akira says toChie “Please don’t judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal.”Choice B is incorrect because there is no evidence in the passage that Akiraworries that Chie will mistake his earnestness for immaturity. Choice C is incor-rect because while Akira recognizes that his unscheduled visit is a nuisance, hislarger concern is that Chie will reject him due to the inappropriateness of hisproposal. Choice D is incorrect because there is no evidence in the passage thatAkira worries Chie will underestimate the sincerity of his emotions.QUESTION 5.Choice C is the best answer. In lines 63-64, Akira says to Chie, “Pleasedon’t judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal.” This revealsAkira’s concern that Chie may say no to the proposal simply because Akiradid not follow traditional practices.Choices A, B, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to theprevious question. Choice A is incorrect because line 33 merely describesAkira’s voice as “soft, refined.” Choice B is incorrect because lines 49-51reflect Chie’s perspective, not Akira’s. Choice D is incorrect because lines71-72 indicate only that Akira was speaking in an eager and forthright matter.QUESTION 6.Choice D is the best answer because Akira clearly treats Chie with respect,including “bow[ing]” (line 26) to her, calling her “Madame” (line 31), andlooking at her with “a deferential peek” (line 34). Akira does not offer Chieutter deference, though, as he asks to marry Naomi after he concedes that heis not following protocol and admits to being a “disruption” (line 31).Choice A is incorrect because while Akira conveys respect to Chie, there isno evidence in the passage that he feels affection for her. Choice B is incor-rect because neither objectivity nor impartiality accurately describes howAkira addresses Chie. Choice C is incorrect because Akira conveys respectto Chie and takes the conversation seriously.2QUESTION 7.Choice D is the best answer. The first paragraph (lines 1-4) reflects on howAkira approached Chie to ask for her daughter’s hand in marriage. In theselines, the narrator is wondering whether Chie would have been more likelyto say yes to Akira’s proposal if Akira had followed tradition: “Akira camedirectly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form—had heasked his mother to speak to his father to approach a go-between—wouldChie have been more receptive?” Thus, the main purpose of the first para-graph is to examine why Chie reacted a certain way to Akira’s proposal.Choice A is incorrect because the first paragraph describes only one aspect ofJapanese culture (marriage proposals) but not the culture as a whole. Choice Bis incorrect because the first paragraph implies a criticism of Akira’s individualmarriage proposal but not the entire tradition of Japanese marriage proposals.Choice C is incorrect because the narrator does not question a suggestion.QUESTION 8.Choice B is the best answer. In line 1, the narrator suggests that Akira’sdirect approach broke “all tradition.” The narrator then wonders if Akira had“followed form,” or the tradition expected of him, would Chie have beenmore receptive to his proposal. In this context, following “form” thus meansfollowing a certain tradition or custom.Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in this context “form” does notmean the way something looks (appearance), the way it is built (structure),or its essence (nature).QUESTION 9.Choice C is the best answer. Akira states that his unexpected meeting withChie occurred only because of a “matter of urgency,” which he explains as “anopportunity to go to America, as dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community”(lines 41-42). Akira decides to directly speak to Chie because Chie’s responseto his marriage proposal affects whether Akira accepts the job offer.Choice A is incorrect because there is no evidence in the passage that Akira isworried his parents will not approve of Naomi. Choice B is incorrect becauseAkira has “an understanding” with Naomi (line 63). Choice D is incorrect;while Akira may know that Chie is unaware of his feelings for Naomi, this isnot what he is referring to when he mentions “a matter of urgency.”QUESTION 10.Choice B is the best answer. In lines 39-42, Akira clarifies that the “mat-ter of urgency” is that he has “an opportunity to go to America, as dentistfor Seattle’s Japanese community.” Akira needs Chie’s answer to his marriageproposal so he can decide whether to accept the job in Seattle.3Choices A, C, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to theprevious question. Choice A is incorrect because in line 39 Akira apologizesfor interrupting Chie’s quiet evening. Choice C is incorrect because lines58-59 address the seriousness of Akira’s request, not its urgency. Choice Dis incorrect because line 73 shows only that Akira’s proposal has “startled”Chie and does not explain why his request is time-sensitive.QUESTION 11.Choice A is the best answer. Lines 1-9 include examples of how manypeople shop (“millions of shoppers”), how much money they spend (“over$30 billion at retail stores in the month of December alone”), and the manyoccasions that lead to shopping for gifts (“including weddings, birthdays,anniversaries, graduations, and baby showers.”). Combined, these examplesshow how frequently people in the US shop for gifts.Choice B is incorrect because even though the authors mention that“$30 billion” had been spent in retail stores in one month, that figure isnever discussed as an increase (or a decrease). Choice C is incorrect becauselines 1-9 provide a context for the amount of shopping that occurs in the US,but the anxiety (or “dread”) it might cause is not introduced until later in thepassage. Choice D is incorrect because lines 1-9 do more than highlight thenumber of different occasions that lead to gift-giving.QUESTION 12.Choice B is the best answer. Lines 9-10 state “This frequent experienceof gift-giving can engender ambivalent feelings in gift-givers.” In the sub-sequent sentences, those “ambivalent” feelings are further exemplified asconflicted feelings, as shopping is said to be something that “[m]any relish”(lines 10-11) and “many dread” (line 14).Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in this context, “ambivalent” doesnot mean feelings that are unrealistic, apprehensive, or supportive.QUESTION 13.Choice D is the best answer. In lines 10-13, the authors clearly state thatsome people believe gift-giving can help a relationship because it “offers apowerful means to build stronger bonds with one’s closest peers.”Choice A is incorrect because even though the authors state that someshoppers make their choices based on “egocentrism,” (line 33) there isno evidence in the passage that people view shopping as a form of self-expression. Choice B is incorrect because the passage implies that shoppingis an expensive habit. Choice C is incorrect because the passage states thatmost people have purchased and received gifts, but it never implies that peo-ple are required to reciprocate the gift-giving process.4QUESTION 14.Choice A is the best answer. In lines 10-13, the authors suggest that peoplevalue gift-giving because it may strengthen their relationships with others:“Many relish the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers apowerful means to build stronger bonds with one’s closest peers.”Choices B, C, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to theprevious question. Choice B is incorrect because lines 22-23 discuss howpeople often buy gifts that the recipients would not purchase. Choice C isincorrect because lines 31-32 explain how gift-givers often fail to considerthe recipients’ preferences. Choice D is incorrect because lines 44-47 suggestthat the cost of a gift may not correlate to a recipient’s appreciation of it.QUESTION 15.Choice A is the best answer. The “deadweight loss” mentioned in the secondparagraph is the significant monetary difference between what a gift-giverwould pay for something and what a gift-recipient would pay for the sameitem. That difference would be predictable to social psychologists, whoseresearch “has found that people often struggle to take account of others’perspectives—their insights are subject to egocentrism, social projection,and multiple attribution errors” (lines 31-34).Choices B, C, and D are all incorrect because lines 31-34 make clear thatsocial psychologists would expect a disconnect between gift-givers and gift-recipients, not that they would question it, be disturbed by it, or find it sur-prising or unprecedented.QUESTION 16.Choice C is the best answer. Lines 41-44 suggest that gift-givers assumea correlation between the cost of a gift and how well-received it will be:“. . . gift-givers equate how much they spend with how much recipients willappreciate the gift (the more expensive the gift, the stronger a gift-recipient’sfeelings of appreciation).” However, the authors suggest this assumption maybe incorrect or “unfounded” (line 47), as gift-recipients “may not construesmaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thought-fulness and consideration” (lines 63-65).Choices A, B, and D are all incorrect because the passage neither statesnor implies that the gift-givers’ assumption is insincere, unreasonable, orsubstantiated.QUESTION 17.Choice C is the best answer. Lines 63-65 suggest that the assumption madeby gift-givers in lines 41-44 may be incorrect. The gift-givers assume thatrecipients will have a greater appreciation for costly gifts than for less costly5gifts, but the authors suggest this relationship may be incorrect, as gift-recipients “may not construe smaller and larger gifts as representing smallerand larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration” (lines 63-65).Choices A and D are incorrect because lines 53-55 and 75-78 address thequestion of “why” gift-givers make specific assumptions rather than address-ing the validity of these assumptions. Choice B is incorrect because lines55-60 focus on the reasons people give gifts to others.QUESTION 18.Choice D is the best answer. Lines 53-55 state that “Perhaps givers believethat bigger (i.e., more expensive) gifts convey stronger signals of thought-fulness and consideration.” In this context, saying that more expensive gifts“convey” stronger signals means the gifts send, or communicate, strongersignals to the recipients.Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because in this context, to “convey” some-thing does not mean to transport it (physically move something), coun-teract it (act in opposition to something), or exchange it (trade one thingfor another).QUESTION 19.Choice A is the best answer. The paragraph examines how gift-giversbelieve expensive gifts are more thoughtful than less expensive gifts andwill be more valued by recipients. The work of Camerer and others offersan explanation for the gift-givers’ reasoning: “gift-givers attempt to signaltheir positive attitudes toward the intended recipient and their willingness toinvest resources in a future relationship” (lines 57-60).Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the theory articulated by Camererand others is used to explain an idea put forward by the authors (“giversbelieve that bigger . . . gifts convey stronger signals”), not to introduce anargument, question a motive, or support a conclusion.QUESTION 20.Choice B is the best answer. The graph clearly shows that gift-givers believethat a “more valuable” gift will be more appreciated than a “less valuablegift.” According to the graph, gift-givers believe the monetary value of a giftwill determine whether that gift is well received or not.Choice A is incorrect because the graph does not suggest that gift-givers areaware of gift-recipients’ appreciation levels. Choices C and D are incorrectbecause neither the gift-givers’ desire for the gifts they purchase nor the gift-givers’ relationship with the gift-recipients is addressed in the graph.6QUESTION 21.Choice A is the best answer. Lines 69-75 explain that while people are oftenboth gift-givers and gift-receivers, they struggle to apply information theylearned as a gift-giver to a time when they were a gift-receiver: “Y et, despite theextensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they oftenstruggle to transfer information gained from one role (e.g., as a giver) andapply it in another, complementary role (e.g., as a receiver).” The authors sug-gest that the disconnect between how much appreciation a gift-giver thinks agift merits and how much appreciation a gift-recipient displays for the gift maybe caused by both individuals’ inability to comprehend the other’s perspective.Choices B and C are incorrect because neither the passage nor the graphaddresses the idea that society has become more materialistic or that there isa growing opposition to gift-giving. Choice D is incorrect because the pas-sage emphasizes that gift-givers and gift-recipients fail to understand eachother’s perspective, but it offers no evidence that the disconnect results onlyfrom a failure to understand the other’s intentions.QUESTION 22.Choice B is the best answer. Lines 2-4 of the passage describe DNA as“a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a regular alternation ofsugar and phosphate groups.” The backbone of DNA, in other words, is themain structure of a chain made up of repeating units of sugar and phosphate.Choice A is incorrect because the passage describes DNA on the molecularlevel only and never mentions the spinal column of organisms. Choice C isincorrect because the passage describes the backbone of the molecule ashaving “a regular alternation” of sugar and phosphate, not one or the other.Choice D is incorrect because the nitrogenous bases are not the main struc-tural unit of DNA; rather, they are attached only to the repeating units of sugar.QUESTION 23.Choice D is the best answer. The authors explain that hydrogen bonds jointogether pairs of nitrogenous bases, and that these bases have a specificstructure that leads to the pairing: “One member of a pair must be a purineand the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains” (lines27-29). Given the specific chemical properties of a nitrogenous base, itwould be inaccurate to call the process random.Choice A is incorrect because lines 5-6 describe how nitrogenous basesattach to sugar but not how those bases pair with one another. Choice B isincorrect because lines 9-10 do not contradict the student’s claim. Choice Cis incorrect because lines 23-25 describe how the two molecules’ chains arelinked, not what the specific pairing between nitrogenous bases is.7QUESTION 24.Choice D is the best answer. In lines 12-14 the authors state: “the first fea-ture of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not ofone chain, but of two.”Choices A and B are incorrect because lines 12-14 explicitly state that it isthe two chains of DNA that are of “biological interest,” not the chemicalformula of DNA, nor the common fiber axis those two chains are wrappedaround. Choice C is incorrect because, while the X-ray evidence did helpWatson and Crick to discover that DNA consists of two chains, it was notclaimed to be the feature of biological interest.QUESTION 25.Choice C is the best answer. In lines 12-14 the authors claim that DNA mol-ecules appear to be comprised of two chains, even though “it has often beenassumed . . . there would be only one” (lines 15-17). The authors support thisclaim with evidence compiled from an X-ray: “the density, taken with the X-rayevidence, suggests very strongly that there are two [chains]” (lines 18-19).Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the authors mention density andX-ray evidence to support a claim, not to establish that DNA carries geneticinformation, present a hypothesis about the composition of a nucleotide, orconfirm a relationship between the density and chemical formula of DNA.QUESTION 26.Choice B is the best answer. The authors explain that “only certain pairs ofbases will fit into the structure” (lines 25-26) of the DNA molecule. Thesepairs must contain “a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridgebetween the two chains” (lines 27-29), which implies that any other pairingwould not “fit into the structure” of the DNA molecule. Therefore, a pairof purines would be larger than the required purine/pyrimidine pair andwould not fit into the structure of the DNA molecule.Choice A is incorrect because this section is not discussing the distancebetween a sugar and phosphate group. Choice C is incorrect because thepassage never makes clear the size of the pyrimidines or purines in relationto each other, only in relation to the space needed to bond the chains ofthe DNA molecule. Choice D is incorrect because the lines do not make animplication about the size of a pair of pyrimidines in relation to the size of apair consisting of a purine and a pyrimidine.QUESTION 27.Choice D is the best answer. The authors explain how the DNA moleculecontains a “precise sequence of bases” (lines 43-44), and that the authors canuse the order of bases on one chain to determine the order of bases on theother chain: “If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were8given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one,because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the comple-ment of the other, and it is this feature which suggests how the deoxyribo-nucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself” (lines 45-51). The authors usethe words “exact,” “specific,” and “complement” in these lines to suggest thatthe base pairings along a DNA chain is understood and predictable, and mayexplain how DNA “duplicate[s] itself” (line 51).Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not suggest that most nucle-otide sequences are known. Choice B is incorrect because these lines are notdiscussing the random nature of the base sequence along one chain of DNA.Choice C is incorrect because the authors are describing the bases attachedonly to the sugar, not to the sugar-phosphate backbone.QUESTION 28.Choice C is the best answer. Lines 6-7 state that “Two of the possible bases—adenine and guanine—are purines,” and on the table the percentages of ade-nine and guanine in yeast DNA are listed as 31.3% and 18.7% respectively.Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not state the percentagesof both purines, adenine and guanine, in yeast DNA.QUESTION 29.Choice A is the best answer. The authors state: “We believe that the baseswill be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true,the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the onlypairs of bases possible are: adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine”(lines 31-35). The table shows that the pairs adenine/thymine and guanine/cytosine have notably similar percentages in DNA for all organisms listed.Choice B is incorrect. Although the choice of “Yes” is correct, the explana-tion for that choice misrepresents the data in the table. Choices C and D areincorrect because the table does support the authors’ proposed pairing ofnitrogenous bases in DNA molecules.QUESTION 30.Choice A is the best answer because it gives the percentage of cytosine(17.3%) in sea urchin DNA and the percentage of guanine (17.7%) in seaurchin DNA. Their near similar pairing supports the authors’ proposal thatpossible pairings of nitrogenous bases are “adenine with thymine, and gua-nine with cytosine” (line 35).Choices B, C, and D do not provide the best evidence for the answer to theprevious question. Choice B (cytosine and thymine), Choice C (cytosine andadenine), and Choice D (guanine and adenine) are incorrect because theyshow pairings of nitrogenous bases that do not compose a similar percent-age of the bases in sea urchin DNA.9QUESTION 31.Choice D is the best answer. The table clearly shows that the percentage of ade-nine in each organism’s DNA is different, ranging from 24.7% in E.coli to 33.2%in the octopus. That such a variability would exist is predicted in lines 41-43,which states that “in a long molecule many different permutations are possible.”Choices A and B are incorrect because the table shows that the percentage ofadenine varies between 24.7% and 33.2% in different organisms. Choice C isincorrect because lines 36-38 state that adenine pairs with thymine but doesnot mention the variability of the base composition of DNA.QUESTION 32.Choice B is the best answer. In this passage, Woolf asks women a series ofquestions. Woolf wants women to consider joining “the procession of edu-cated men” (lines 56-57) by becoming members of the workforce. Woolfstresses that this issue is urgent, as women “have very little time in which toanswer [these questions]” (lines 48-49).Choice A is incorrect because Woolf argues against the tradition of only“the sons of educated men” (lines 82-83) joining the workforce. Choice C isincorrect because Woolf is not highlighting the severity of social divisionsas much as she is explaining how those divisions might be reduced (withwomen joining the workforce). Choice D is incorrect because Woolf doesnot question the feasibility of changing the workforce dynamic.QUESTION 33.Choice A is the best answer. Throughout the passage, Woolf advocates formore women to engage with existing institutions by joining the workforce:“We too can leave the house, can mount those steps [to an office], pass inand out of those doors, . . . make money, administer justice . . .” (lines 30-32).Woolf tells educated women that they are at a “moment of transition” (line 51)where they must consider their future role in the workforce.Choice B is incorrect because even though Woolf mentions women’s tradi-tional roles (lines 68-69: “while they stirred the pot, while they rocked thecradle”), she does not suggest that women will have to give up these traditionalroles to gain positions of influence. Choice C is incorrect because thoughWoolf wonders how “the procession of the sons of educated men” impactswomen’s roles, she does not argue that this male-dominated society has hadgrave and continuing effects. Choice D is incorrect because while Woolf sug-gests educated women can hold positions currently held by men, she does notsuggest that women’s entry into positions of power will change those positions.QUESTION 34.Choice C is the best answer. Woolf uses the word “we” to refer to herselfand educated women in English society, the “daughters of educated men”10(line 64). Woolf wants these women to consider participating in a chang-ing workforce: “For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession[to and from work], we go ourselves” (lines 23-24). In using the word “we”throughout the passage, Woolf establishes a sense of solidarity among edu-cated women.Choice A is incorrect because Woolf does not use “we” to reflect on whetherpeople in a group are friendly to one another; she is concerned with generat-ing solidarity among women. Choice B is incorrect because though Woolfadmits women have predominantly “done their thinking” within traditionalfemale roles (lines 64-69), she does not use “we” to advocate for more can-dor among women. Choice D is incorrect because Woolf does not use “we”to emphasize a need for people in a group to respect one other; rather, shewants to establish a sense of solidarity among women.QUESTION 35.Choice B is the best answer. Woolf argues that the “bridge over the RiverThames, [has] an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey” (lines 1-3).The phrase “make a survey” means to carefully examine an event or activity.Woolf wants educated women to “fix [their] eyes upon the procession—theprocession of the sons of educated men” (lines 9-11) walking to work.Choice A is incorrect because while Woolf states the bridge “is a place tostand on by the hour dreaming,” she states that she is using the bridge “toconsider the facts” (lines 6-9). Woolf is not using the bridge for fancifulreflection; she is analyzing “the procession of the sons of educated men”(lines 10-11). Choice C is incorrect because Woolf does not compare thebridge to historic episodes. Choice D is incorrect because Woolf does notsuggest that the bridge is a symbol of a male-dominated past, but rather thatit serves as a good place to watch men proceed to work.QUESTION 36.Choice D is the best answer. Woolf writes that the men who conduct theaffairs of the nation (lines 15-17: “ascending those pulpits, preaching, teach-ing, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, mak-ing money”) are the same men who go to and from work in a “procession”(line 10). Woolf notes that women are joining this procession, an act thatsuggests the workforce has become less exclusionary: “For there, trapesingalong at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves” (lines 23-24).Choice A is incorrect because the procession is described as “a solemn sightalways” (lines 17-18), which indicates that it has always been influential.Choice B is incorrect because the passage does not indicate that this proces-sion has become a celebrated feature of English life. Choice C is incorrectbecause the passage states only that the procession is made up of “the sons ofeducated men” (lines 10-11).11。

15年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参备考资料答案解析(第一套)

2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there ar e four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choic e and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line t hrough the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a metho d of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practi cal problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships b etween observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that s erve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tool s, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the p rogress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to co mprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accu racy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But ev en an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not h ave the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe p olluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unl ike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human fa ctor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter t o practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps ch ange the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rule s that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of ma king the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward educatio n. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessa ry in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselv es in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country t hat offered financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags to riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, a nd arithmetic-was an unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success with out much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial su ccess is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized educati on. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fe wer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be ev en more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 192 5 there were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the cent ury there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be br ought under cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be diffi cult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improveme nt in farming methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productiv ely by modern methods. There is now a race for science, technology, and ind ustry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in unfavor able climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and No rth America; irrigation and dry-farming methods bring arid lands under the pl ough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the field s in all seasons and to provide electric power for new industries; industrial ch emistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to d estroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the food of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be m ore productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This h as been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other cr eatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there i s no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other word s, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfo rt, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways tha t produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on makin g the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study th e children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly f ound that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this r esult, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three t urns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back t o watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of t he lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solvi ng the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental h uman urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional contro l.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are dire ctly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sente nce there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.A) off B) back C) down D) about47. The helicopter hovered the trees.A) in B) over C) down D) up48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to his success in public life.A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of the ir own.A) during B) for C) since D) in53. 100 competitors had the race.A) put their names for B) entered forC) put themselves for D) taken part54. He me by two games to one.A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen f or ten years.A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to59. He managed to pay off his debts.A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or anotherC) somehow or other D) somehow or another60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.A) play a joke on B) play outC) play into the hands of D) play at61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.A) on B) to C) with D) of63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged64. He has been absent class for quite some time.A) in B) for C) with D) from65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.A) to B) for C) toward D) of66. We must manage to do our work better with people.A) less money and few B) less money and fewerC) little money and less D) few money and less67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come thanC) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a seri ous accident.A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do driveC) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.A) would do B) had done C) do D) didPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank t here are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE t hat best fits into the passage.Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British coloni es ___74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___ 76___ of them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There were even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the las t moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the countrybetter; a third group ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last s even years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his time ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they trusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundreds years later.71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together75. A) at B) by C) on D) in76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little79. A) had preferred B) would have preferredC) should have preferred D) were preferring80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be elect edC) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behavedPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compo sition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study t he following table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given below. You should write at least 100 words.1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.2. The possible reasons for the changes.3. My prediction.The Expenses of an Average Worker2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷参考答案(第一套）21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC。

2015年SAT考试模拟题：数学

2015年SAT考试模拟题：数学2015年SAT考试模拟题：数学1. Which of the following could be a value of x, in the diagram above?A. 10B. 20C. 40D. 50E. any of the above2. Helpers are needed to prepare for the fete. Each helper can make either 2 large cakes or 35 small cakes per hour. The kitchen is available for 3 hours and 20 large cakes and 700 small cakes are needed. How many helpers are required?A. 10B. 15C. 20D. 253. Jo's collection contains US, Indian and British stamps. If the ratio of US to Indian stamps is 5 to 2 and the ratio of Indian to British stamps is 5 to 1, what is the ratio of US to British stamps?A. 5 : 1B. 10 : 5C. 15 : 2D. 20 : 2E. 25 : 24. A 3 by 4 rectangle is inscribed in circle. What is the circumference of the circle?A. 2.5πB. 3πC. 5πD. 4πE. 10π5. Two sets of 4 consecutive positive integers have exactly one integer in common. The sum of the integers in the set with greater numbers is how much greater than the sum of the integers in the other set?A. 4C. 8D. 12E. it cannot be determined from the information given.答案：1.Correct Answer: BExplanation:The marked angle, ABC must be more than 90 degrees because it is the external angle of triangle BDC, and must be equal to the sum of angles BDC (90) and DCB. Also ABC is not a straight line and must be less than 180. Therefore 90。

高中英语真题-2015-2016年度上学期高三一模考试

2015-2016年度上学期高三一模考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第一卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40）第一节：（共15题，每小题2 分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AJust weeks after a special memorial voyage to mark the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic, an Australian billiona ire has announced plans to build an exact replica(复制品) of the Titanic,which is just as similar to the original one as possible. The Titanic replica will make its first voyage from So uthampton, England to in 2016.The Titanic is a famous ship that sank in 1912. The attractive story of the ocean liner(邮轮) has made millions of people interested in it around the wor ld. It was believed to be an unsinkable ship but it hit an iceber g and sank on its first voyage. More than 1,500 people died in the sinking of the Titanic, which at the time was the world’s largest and most luxurious ocean liner.When fully built, the Titanic II will be 270 meters (886 feet) lon g and capable of holding 1,680 passengers. Unlike the origina l Titanic which was powered by coal-fired boiler and steam engines, the Titanic II will have modern diesel(柴油机) and electric engines. Also unlike the first Titanic, the Titani c II will have more than enough lifeboats to accommodate eve ryone on board if something should go wrong.When asked whether the new replica would sink, Mr. Palmer r eplied: “Of course it will sink if you put a hole in it. He also add ed “It will be designed as a modern ship with all the technolog y to ensure that doesn’t happen.”When Mr. Palmer was asked if he expected his Titanic to be s uccessful, he simply said: “At my age, you don’t really worry s o much about whether you’ll make money or lose money on s omething, but I believe that it is worth building it.”1. Why is the Titanic replica being built?A. To make a voyage from Southampton, England to .B. To mark the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic.C. To realize Mr. Palmer’s dream of constructing a luxurious o cean liner.D. Not clearly talked about in the passage.2. What’s mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A. The travelling route of the Titanic.B. A short introduction to the original Titanic.C. The number of people on the Titanic when it sank.D. People’s great interest in the attractive story of the ocean li ner.3. What is the difference between the Titanic II and the origina l one?A. Titanic II will be powered by modern diesel and electric eng ines.B. The appearance of Titanic II will be more luxurious.C. The construction of Titanic II will be more complex.D. The number of the lifeboats on Titanic II will be smaller.4. What is Mr. Palmer’s attitude towards his Titanic II replica?A. It will sink with a hole in it.B. It will definitely be a great success.C. It is worthwhile to build it.D. It will make him lose money.BToday's children are the "result" of the modern society. Ourparents have jobs that keep them busy almost all day long. Th ey only have a free day in a week. This doesn't allow them to keep an eye on their children.On the other hand, the modern society gives more freedo m to the children than they could "handle". As a child, you don 't know how to grow up by yourself until you reach a certain a ge. That is why you need school and parents to be by your sid e all the time. If you don't have either of them you may make a lot of mistakes. The social system of the modem society is v ery lenient especially with the children.Most of the children today are rebels(叛逆者). They are rude. They are given too much freedom by their families. This is their parents' mistake. They ought to know th at the freedom they give to their children is misunderstood.For example it is a bad thing for a 17-year-old child to go out in the evening on weekends. Parents are al so guilty of the way their childrenshow up in the street or at school. The same guilt belongs to t he teaching system as well. Pupils shouldn't be allowed to dre ss like they were on a fashion presentation at school.Another important fact we can think of regarding the freed om of children is their free will of spending money. Parents sh ouldn't allow their children to spend money on whatever theywant.I think children are given too much freedom not only by th eir parents, but also by the society. The latter is more to be bl amed！5. The writer implies that parents' busy lifestyle .A. makes their children become independentB. may lead to a tense parent-child relationshipC. is harmful to their children's healthD. is likely to create a troubled generation6. What does the underlined word "lenient" ( in Paragraph 2 ) mean ?A. Not responsible.B. Not strict.C. Unkind.D. Unfair.7. It seems that the writer agrees that students .A. should stay at home on weekendsB. can wear trendy clothes at schoolC. had better wear school uniform at schoolD. can be allowed to go out in the evenings8. According to the writer, which of the following takes the pri mary responsibility for children's problems?A. The social environment.B. The educational system.C. Each family.D. The school.COnline Money EarningYes you can earn money online without any investment o r without anytime limit．I have many useful easy methods for earning easy money while we all spend our useful time on the Internet by surfing, chatting, downloading and other work．T here is no need to stop any other work．We can earn with or without our daily routine．Here I tell you the complete method for online earning．First MethodEarn money with “Bux．to”．You can earn money throug h “Bux．to” by clicking on ads on “Bux．to” site．First you ne ed to open an account at “Bux．to”．“Bux．To” is a new international and FREE English based s ervice that allows advertisers to reach thousands of potential customers by displaying their ads on our “Surf Ads” page．An exact calculatedpercentage of all advertising income is paid to our members．“Bux．to” makes money through advertising．How you make moneyYou view websites in 30 seconds through the “Surf Ads” page．Once the 30 seconds is up, you’ll either get a green tick si gn or a red “x”．The green tick sign means you’ve earned $0．01and the “x” means you have not earned money for the vis it．You’ll get red x’s when you have more than one websites f rom the “Surf Ads” page open．When this happens, you get n o credit．Earnings exampleYou click 10 ads per day =$0．1020 referrals（转送） click 10 ads per day =$2．00Your daily earnings =$2．10Your weekly earnings =$14．70Your monthly earnings =$63．00How to get paidIf you have at least $10．00 accumulated, you can click o n your account balance within your states area and it will mee t your request．At present, it only makes payments through “AlertPay”．It will soon be using other methods of payment． AlertPay is the payment processing solution that we use t o pay members．Your AlertPay address is the e-mail address you use to register with AlertPay．You can get a free AlertPay account at http:// alertpay．com．Method 2 will publish soon…9．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A．To tell an interesting story．B．To present an exciting research．C．To solve a puzzling problem．D．To introduce a surprising way to earn money．10．You can earn money by ________．A．clicking on advertisement B．advertising some prod uctsC．chatting online D．choosing green ticks or x’s11．What can we know from the passage?A．You’ll earn $0．10 if you click 1 ad．B．You can get your payments through AlertPay．C．You’ll get many green ticks if you have many websites op en．D．Your AlertPay account is not for free．DIf you want to walk in the footsteps of some of the world’s gre atest figures, then go to . Many of ’s 38 colleges are open to t he public year-round. Here are a few of the colleges worth visiting and somefamous people who have studied there.Long before it became known as a location for the Harry Potte r films, Christ Church was the college where Albert Einstein, a uthor Charles Dodgson who wrote in Wonderland, and 13 Bri tish prime ministers studied. In this large and popular college, you can see the paintings in the 16th-century Great Hall.Many consider Magdalen to be one of the most beautiful ’s col leges. This is where author Oscar Wilde read his classics cou rse. You can enjoy the medieval(中世纪的) church with its 15th-century tower. Opposite the college is the beautiful Botanic G arden founded in 1621.Founded in 1264, Merton has the oldest medieval library in us e. J. R. R. Tolkien is said to have spent many hours here writi ng The Lord of the Rings. One of the college’s treasures is an astrolabe(星盘)，thought to have belonged to Chaucer. The college has the mo st amazing collection of medieval colored glass in .Bodleian LibraryThe Bodleian Library, the main research library of the Universi ty of Oxford, is the largest university library in the . It is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in is second in size only to the British Library. It holds more than 9 million printed items o n 189 km of shelving and seats up to 2,500 readers. The user s of the library here include five kings, 40 Nobel Prize winners , 25 British prime minister and countless famous writers.12. If a Harry Potter fan travels to , he’ll probably visit _______ _____.A. B. Bodleian LibraryC. Magdalen CollegeD.13. Which of the following can travelers see in ?A. A 15th-century tower.B. A seven–ton tower bell.C. England’s smallest cathedral.D. British oldest botanic gar den.14. According to the passage, J. R. R. Tolkien is ___________ _.A. the founder ofB. the author of The Lord of the RingsC. the designer of the oldest medieval libraryD. the owner of the astrolabe in15. What do we know about the Bodleian Library?A. It lies in .B. It is the most famous library in the .C. It has a collection of 2,500 kinds of books.D. It is smaller than the British Library.第二节：（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项.(注意：答题卡中没有的E,F,G,三项分别用以下形式代替：E=A+B ； F=A+C ； G=A+D ；即E涂A和B；F涂A和C; G涂A和D。

2015-2016年考研英语(一)真题附答案

2015年考研英语(一)真题+答案+分析Section I Useof EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Whythis similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.Wh ile Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royalswho have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Ar istocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” be cause Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history ,financial history, medi cal history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has madethat exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices hadto specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable toA] getting into one’s residence.[B] handing one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens’ privacy is not effective protected. Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered. Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings. “Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manus.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the HarvardSchool of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he “f ound the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not??be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want t o model their approach after Science.”31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32、The phrase “flagged up ”is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored3、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers’ worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society shou ld be profit and the market. But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by GlennMulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This saga still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishingrevelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. In today’s world, it has become norma l that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betrayy common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. Accordign to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B) companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s de fence(A) revealed a cunning personality.(B) centered on trivial issues.(C) was hardly convincing.(D) was part of a conspiracy.39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A) generally distorted values.(B) unfair wealth distribution.(C) a marginalized lifestyle.(D) a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations. Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension toconsist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true”meaning that can be readoff and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______suchdimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will alsodo-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later,you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity —inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nationout of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups uponone another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, hada character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorderof events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members. You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart AText 121. C ended his regin in embarrassment22. A owing to their undoubted and respectable status23. C the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. D fails to adapt himsself to his future role25. B Carlos, a lesson for all European MonarchiesText 226. B check suspect's phone contents without being authorized. disapprovalgetting into one's residence29. D citizens' privacy is not effectively protected new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution Text 3journals are strengthening their statistical checks marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvementscience joins Push to screen statistics in papersText 436. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. A generally distorted values40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper Part Bif you are unfamiliar...you make further inferences...Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...factors such as...are we studying that ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

SAT考试模拟题及答案.doc

201５年ＳAＴ考试模拟题及答案２０１5年SAT考试模拟题及答案：１、Ｔhe ｆoｌｌoｗing senｔence contaiｎs ｅitｈeｒa siｎgle erｒor ｏr no ｅrror aｔall. Ｉf ｔhe sentence contaiｎs an ｅrｒoｒ，selｅct the ｏｎe ｕndｅrlｉned ｐart ｔhat musｔbe ｃhanged to make tｈe sentenｃe correct. Ｉf ｔｈe seｎｔeｎce coｎｔainsｎo error, seｌeｃt chｏice E．Ａ(Ｉt ｗeaves）across ａstｒip ｏｆtrｏｐicａl ｌand B(where) the Isthｍus ofＰaｎama C(narrows）ｉn the ｓhapｅoｆa long flatｔened letter S，thｅPａnａmａCａn ａl D(links tｈｅAｔｌantic and）Pacifｉc Oceans. Ｅ(Noｅrroｒ）(Ａ)(B)（C)(D）（E）正确答案:Ａ2、Choose ｔhe word or ｓｅt ｏf wｏrds that,wheｎi ｎsｅrteｄinｔｈe ｓeｎteｎce,ｂest fitｓthe meａning of ｔｈe sｅntence as a whoｌe.Ｔo believe tｈat ｓocｉal reｆｏrms can---－---evi ｌaｌtogethｅr is ｔｏfoｒget that evil iｓ a protean ｃreaｔure,ｆoreｖer assｕｍing a new------－wｈen depｒｉved of aｎold one.(Ａ) ｒｅjuveｎate．. aｌlｅｇiance（B）eraｄｉcaｔｅ. . ｓhape(C)mｉtigatｅ. . proｖｉdeｎce（D) sｕstain ．. epｉsode(Ｅ）dｉssoｌvｅ．．abstrａctioｎ正确答案:B3、Paｒt or all oｆtｈe ｆollowinｇsentenｃｅｉs undｅrlｉｎed；bｅnｅaｔh the sentence aｒe five ways of ｐhｒasing tｈe undeｒlined ｍaｔｅｒial.Seｌｅｃｔthe ｏption thaｔｐｒodｕces the beｓt senｔｅnｃe．If you ｔhink tｈeｏriginａｌphｒasinｇｐｒｏducｅｓａbeｔtｅｒsentence tｈan anyｏf thｅalternatｉves, seｌect choice A.Eｎｒｉco Caruso sang opeｒa ｉｎIｔaly before ｔravｅliｎg to the United Stａｔes,ｔhｅn he gaｖe his first perｆormａnce at the Metｒopoliｔan Opera in Novembｅｒ１9０3．（A) then(B)wｈｅｎ（C) ａnｄwｈiｃｈ(D) ｉn ｔhat(E) wｈeｒe正确答案:E4、Ｃhoｏse the ｗoｒd ｏr seｔoｆｗordｓtｈat, when iｎserted iｎtｈeｓenteｎce, best fｉts the meanｉng ｏf the sentence ａs a wｈoｌe.Ｔhｅsｃｉｅntist aｓcｒibed ｔhe -----－- ｏf the park’s remaiｎing trｅesｔｏthe -－-----oｆtｈe sａmｅｔermite spｅciesｔｈaｔhad dａｍagｅd hｏmeｓtｈroughoｕt tｈe city.(A) decｉｍａtｉon．. pｒevａlence(B) ｓurｖｉｖal．.preｓeｎce（Ｃ）growtｈ. ．muｔatｉoｎ（Ｄ）ｒeduction ．．disａｐpeaｒａnce(E) ｓtｕdy．．hatching正确答案:Ａ相关推荐:2015年ＳAT考试内容2015年SＡT考试内容一是通用考试----推理测验（Rｅasｏｎing Ｔeｓｔ），包括阅读、写作和数学，被称为SＡT或NEW SAT;第二个是单科考试－---－专项测验(Subjeｃt Ｔests）,有数学、物理、化学、生物、外语(包括汉语、日语、德语、法语、西班牙语）等，被统称为SAＴ2。