试论高考英语听力命题特点及解题策略

HR Planning System Integration and Upgrading Research of

A Suzhou Institution

高考英语听力命题特点及解题策略

信息来源苏州中学

一、听力的重要性

（1）现实要求

听、说、读、写是人类进行正常的语言交际所必备的基本技能。无论从语言进化的角度还是从语言交际的现实来看，听力理解在人类语言交际中发挥着至关重要的作用。从语言习得角度看，人类对语言或语言成分的听辩是语言习得过程中的重要一步，而且听力理解能力对其它语言技能的获得和提高起着重要的作用。（2）课程标准要求

正因为如此，《英语课程标准》按照基础教育阶段英语课程分级总体目标的要求，对语言技能进行了具体的描述：语言技能包括听、说、读、写等四个方面以及这四种技能的综合运用能力。

（3）高考要求

为了体现《英语课程标准》要求，在高考英语试卷中的第一个部分就是听力，占整个英语高考卷的1/5分值；由于听力长期以来是学生英语学习中的弱项，分值比例高，而且与语法、阅读等书面考试题型相比，听力考试具有极强的时间效应，听力过程不具备复制性，考生必须学会掌握一定的听力技巧，充分利用宝贵的每一分钟。

多听是提高听力的前提，但如何去听，如何获得准确的信息，则就不是多听听能解决的问题了。多听是增强语感，提高听力之本，若再加上正确的听力方法，掌握必要的技巧及对策，则可获得事半功倍的效果。

综上所述，听力的重要性不言而喻，有效的提高听力理解能力，掌握解题技巧是广大学生的当务之急。

二、高考英语听力试题的具体特征

1．听力材料来源与英语国家的生活会话，具有明显的口语特征，听起来自然、真实，符合在非测试状态下英语口语在社会生活中运用的真实情景。

2．题材广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的许多方面，有利于全面有效的检测考生在不同实际生活环境对所学语言的感悟和接受能力。

3．材料一般由10段左右的的对话和独白构成，总词数为800左右。除一些专有名词外，材料中没有生词。

4．题干和选项较为简短，各选项的长度、难度、结构基本一致。

5．答案分布均匀，各选项的答案总数接近平均值。

6．语速一般为140-160wpm。

三、高考听力试题的组成

听力测试的主要形式有：对话理解，短文理解。对话理解是考查学生在一定语境或情景中所表现出的快速反应、推理判断能力；短文理解则是在此基础上考查学生对一个结构比较完整，意义相对连贯的语段的理解能力，是一种高层次、有难度的听力测试形式。

四、高考听力测试的命题特点

1.主旨大意题

对话或独白总是围绕主旨或者中心思想展开。有时，主旨和要义比较明确；有时则贯穿整个对话或独白，需考生自己去归纳、概括。

例1：What are the two speakers doing?

A. Enjoying meeting each other

B. Saying goodbye to each other.

C Planning to see each other again.

录音稿:M: Well, I’d better be getting home. It’s being great seeing you again.

W: Oh, it’s nice seeing you, too.

〔分析〕根据I’d better be getting home 和it’s nice seeing you可判断是说话者是在告别，不难作出判断答案是B。

例2：What are the speakers talking about?

A. A child.

B. A room.

C. A patient.

录音稿：W: Bill, that’s a lovely painting in your room.

M: I’m glad you like it. It’s a Christmas gift from my son.

W: Well, it’s beautiful. Your son has very good tast e.

〔分析〕根据对话中的关键词Christmas gift可判断整个对话围绕这一话题展开，所以答案为C。

例3：What’s the main topic of the speech?

A. Sense of responsibility.

B. Self-confidence.

C. Patience.

M: I grew up in a small town. My father raised chickens and ran a construction company. I was hardly 10 years old when my dad gave me the responsibility of feeding the chickens and cleaning up the stable. He believed it was important for me

to have those jobs to learn responsibility.

Then, when I was 22, I found a job in Nashville at a country music club called “The Nashville Palace.” I washed dishes and cooked from 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm and then went on stage and sang until 2:00 in the morning. It wasn’t long before I became known as a singer cook. I had been rejected so many times by record companies that

it was hard not to be discouraged. One night, a woman from a company named Warner Brothers Records came to hear me sing. When the show was over, we talked and then she left. I said to myself it was one more failure. But a few weeks later, I was told that they wanted to sign me to a record deal.

Soon after, my first record came out. It sold over one million copies. My best efforts had gone into every job I ever held. It was the sense of responsibility that made me feel like a man, knowing I had done my best filled me with pride.