从优秀到卓越 James C. Collins
从优秀到卓越.未删节版].Good.To.Great.-.Jim.Collins
Good to Great “Why Some Companies Make the Leap... and Others Don’t"Harper Business, 2001, New York, NY.Review By-Swarup BoseTable of ContentsAbout the Author (3)Thesis (3)Chapter 1. Good is the Enemy of Great (4)Chapter 2.Level 5 Leadership (5)Chapter 3. First Who....Then what.. (6)Chapter 4. Confront the brutal facts (7)Chapter 5. Hedgehog Concept (9)Chapter 6. Cultural Discipline (10)Chapter 7. Technological Accelerators (11)Chapter 8. The Flywheel And the Doom Loop (12)Chapter 9. From Good To great To built to Last (14)Learnings from Good to great (15)Critique (16).About the Author :Jim Collins is a student and teacher of enduring great companies -- how they grow, how theyattain superior performance, and how good companies can become great companies. Havinginvested over a decade of research into the topic, Jim has co-authored three books, including theclassic Built to Last, a fixture on the Business Week bestseller list for s eliminated wastefulluxuries, like executive dining rooms, corporate jets, lavish vaca tion spots, etc., for the good ofthe co mpany - to other people, external factors, and good luck. All 11 of the featured companieshad this type of leadership, charactmulti-year research projects and works with executives fromthe private, public, and social sectors.Jim has served as a teacher to senior executives and CEOs at corporations that include: StarbucksCoffee, Merck, Patagonia, American General, W.L. Gore, and hundreds more. He has alsoworked with the non-corporate sector such as the Leadership Network of Churches, JohnsHopkins Medical School, the Boys & Girls Clubs of America and The Peter F. DruckerFoundation for Non-Profit Management. Jim invests a significant portion of his energy in large-scale research projects -- often five or moreyears in duration -- to develop fundamental insights and then translate those findings into books,articles and lectures. He uses his management laboratory to work directly with executives and todevelop practical tools for applying the concepts that flow from his research.In addition, Jim is an avid rock climber and has made free ascents of the West Face of El Capitanand the East Face of Washington Column in Yosemite Valley.Thesis :Collins and his team identified 11 companies that followed a pattern of "fifteen-year cumulativestock returns at or below the general stock market, punctuated by a transition point, thencumulative returns at least three times the market over the next fifteen years." Public companieswere selected because of the availability of comparable data. Fifteen-year segments were selectedto weed out the one-hit wonders and luck breaks. While these selection criteria exclude "neweconomy" companies, Collins contends that there is nothing new about the new economy, citingearlier technology innovations of electricity, the telephone, and the transistor.Having identified the companies that made the leap from Good To Great, Collins and his team setout to examine the transition point. What characteristics did the Good To Great companies havethat their industry counterparts did not? What didn't the Good To Great companies have?Collins maps out three stages, each with two key concepts. These six concepts are the heart ofGood To Great and he devotes a chapter to explaining each of them.• Level 5 Leadership• First Who... Then What• Confront the Brutal Facts• The Hedgehog Concept• A Culture of Discipline• Technology AcceleratorsCollins characterizes the Level 5 leader, as "a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will." The Level 5 leader is not the "corporate savior" or "turnaround expert". Mostof the CEOs of the Good To Great companies as they made the transition were company insiders.They were more concerned about what they could "build, create and contribute" than what theycould "get - fame, fortune, adulation, power, whatever". No Ken Lay of Enron or Al Dunlap ofScott Paper, the larger-than-life CEO, led a Good To Great company. This kind of executive is "concerned more with their own reputation for personal greatness" than they are with "setting the company up for success in the next generation".In this book, Jim Collins also challenges the notion that "people are your most important asset"and postulates instead that "the right people are." I don't know that I yet completely agree with his philosophy that it's more important to get the right people on the bus and then see where it goesthan it is to figure out where to go and get the right people on the bus who can get you there. However, he makes his point clearly and you can decide if you agree with him.This nearly 300-page book is packed with leading edge thinking, clear examples, and data to support the conclusions. It is a challenge to all business leaders to exhibit the discipline requiredto move their companies from Good To Great.Chapter 1: Good is the Enemy of GreatCollins and his assembled crew started their research using the companies that rank in the top 500in total annual sales. Then, by analyzing the returns they narrowed down the list to companiesthat experienced mediocrity for a period of time, but then changed course for the better and outperformed not just other companies in the same industry, but the overall market by several times. Other factors were also considered, until they finally had the list narrowed down to eleven “superstar” corporations: Abbott, Circuit City, Fannie Mae, Gillette, Kimberly- Clark, Kroger, Nucor, Phillip Morris, Pitney Bowes, Walgreens, and Wells Fargo. He then explored what goesinto a company’s transformation from mediocre to excellent. Based on hard evidence and volumes of data, the book author (Jim Collins) and his team uncovered timeless principles on how the good-to-great companies like produced sustained greatresults and achieved enduring greatness, evolving into companies that were indeed ‘Built to Last’.Good to Great is centers on a comparative analysis of eleven companies. Collins selects once-dull organizations, such as Kimberley Clark and Gillette that subsequently outperformed.The usual fault of such manuals is their obvious prescriptions. Of course successful firms keptclose to their customers and motivated employees. But unsuccessful firms didn’t fail because they rejected these objectives. They failed because they couldn’t achieve them. Collins penetrates these banalities because he questions the congratulatory self-description of winning businesses. For example, most of his eleven companies didn’t have visionary CEOs determined to turn the business round Few were aiming at the cover page of Fortune, most were consensus builders from inside the organization. Collins' research says the CEO's at the time companies become great aren't egotistical business leaders. Rather, they tend to be reserved people who channel their ego into building their companies. Collins is a little vague on exactly how you get other employees and key players tochannel their egos into building the company. The hope is that, if you select the right people, they'll do what's best for the company rather than for themselves.Finding something you can be passionate about is the other key. And, all employees must be passionate about the endeavor. Because most employees won't get jazzed about making the CEO and shareholders wealthy, a company should have a purpose beyond just making money. Collins says a company should have 'core values.'Collins says it doesn't matter what these 'core values' are, just that they exist. He says Philip Morris is happy to provide the strongest brand recognition of 'sinful' products. Maybe, they're rebelling against political correctness, or health, or whatever. If it works for them, it's cool. Fannie Mae, on the other hand, prides itself on providing mortgages to new, less-affluent homeowners and helping people buy homes. That sounds good, and is probably true, but it reads a little bit like a publicity statement.Chapter 2: Level 5 Leadership In this chapter Collins describes what he refers to as “level 5” leadership as explained in the table below. Every good-to-great company had “Level 5” leadership during pivotal transition years, where Level 1 is a Highly Capable Individual, Level 2 is a Contributing Team Member, Level 3 is the Competent Manager, Level 4 is an Effective Leader, and Level 5 is the Executive who builds enduring greatness through a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will. Level 5 leaders display a compelling modesty, are self-effacing and understated. In contrast, two thirds of the comparison companies had leaders with gargantuan personal egos that contributed to the demise or continued mediocrity of the company. Level 5 leaders are fanatically driven, infected with an incurable need to produce sustained results. They are resolved to do whatever it takes to make the company great, no matter how big or hard the decisions. One of the most damaging trends in recent history is the tendency (especially of boards of directors) to select dazzling, celebrity leaders and to de-select potential Level 5 leaders. Potential Level 5 leaders exist all around us, we just have to know what to look for. The research team was not looking for Level 5 leadership, but the data was overwhelming and convincing. The Level 5 discovery is an empirical, not ideological, finding.The 5th Level Leader – 5th Level Leaders have a combination of strong will and personal humility. The 5th Level Leader demonstrates an unwavering resolve and sets the standard for building great companies. In balance, he/she demonstrates a compelling modesty, relies on inspired standards and channels ambition into the company, and not into the self. The 5th Level Leader “looks in the mirror, not out the window” when focusing on responsibility and does just the opposite when apportioning credit for success of the company.When a leader’s energy is “in balance” they are driven neither by ego nor fear. They are moving at a speed that allows them to feel themselves, as well as those around them. They realize more than anyone else, that “the less you control, the more you can do”. Leadership greatness is about being a conduit of energy, not a single generator of it.Collins asked a critical question: Can 5th Level Leadership be taught? Well, yes and no. To the extent someone is gifted with these innate capabilities, they certainly have a head start. For any leader it is a matter of degree. It is about growing into the role of a 5th Level Leadership leader.It is interesting to note that most 5th Level Leaders did not live extravagant lifestyles. They had sound family and community relationships. They had healthy and long-term marriages. Most of them are highly spiritual people who have attributed much of their success to good-luck and God rather than personal greatness. These men and women were servant leaders, not self-serving ones.The five levels are as follows :Level 5 ExecutiveBuilds enduring greatness through a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will. Level 4Effective LeaderCatalyzes commitment to and vigorous pursuit of a clear and compelling vision, stimulating higher performance standards.Level 3Competent ManagerOrganizes people and resources towards the effective and efficient pursuit of predetermined objectives.Level 2Contributing Team MemberContributes individual capabilities to the achievement of group objectives and worked effectively with others in a group setting.Level 1Highly Capable IndividualMakes productive contributions through talent, knowledge skills, and good work habits.Humility + Will = Level 5Professional Will and Personal Humility creates superb results, a clear catalyst in the transition from good to great. Demonstrates a compelling modesty, shunning public adulation; never boastful. Demonstrates an unwavering resolve to do whatever must be done to produce the best long-term results, no matter how difficult. Acts with quiet, calm determination; relies principally on inspired standards, not inspiring charisma, to motivate. Sets the standard of building an enduring great company; will settle for nothing less. Channels ambition into the company, not the self; sets up successors for even greater success in the next generation. Looks into the mirror, not out the window, to apportion responsibility for poor results, never blaming other people, external factors, or bad luck. Looks out the window, not in the mirror, to apportion credit for the success of the company - to other people, external factors, and good luck.All 11 of the featured companies had this type of leadership, characterized by a CEO who displayed determination and a strong will to be the best, yet who also showed humility. These level 5 leaders eliminated wasteful luxuries, like executive dining rooms, corporate jets, lavish vacation spots, etc., for the good of the company. Also, when asked about the success of the company, they were quick to give complete credit to the other workers in the company, rather than themselves. Yet these CEOs rose above their peers. Collins dubs them "Level 5" managers. By this definition, each was humble to a fault and hid from the limelight. At the same time, though, all of them went to extraordinary lengths to make their companies great. For Darwin E. Smith of Kimberly-Clark, that required jettisoning the core business when he sold its paper mills. For George Cain at Abbott, it meant firing his own relatives. These leaders' ambition was "first and foremost for the company," writes Collins. They were "concerned with its success, rather than their own riches and personal renown." Chapter 3: First Who ... then WhatIt deals with confronting the facts of expertise and market know- how, and then assembling together a first- class team of dedicated workers and management to achieve goals. In these “goodto great” companies, they all shared several things in common. First and foremost, they were not afraid to admit that they lacked the necessary skills to succeed in certain markets. Instead of pretending to know everything, these companies brainstormed until they had a short list of what they knew they could do better than anyone else. They didn’t bother acquiring other companies, where they had no expertise, or trying to learn new skills, or anything like that. Instead, they focused in on what they were best at, then hired individuals who were skilled in the same area and who would be most likely to work relentlessly toward a goal. Collins' point is "...not just about assembling the right team - that's nothing new. The main pointis to first get the right people on the bus (and the wrong people off the bus) before you figure out where to drive it. The second key point is the degree of sheer rigor needed in people decisions in order to take a company from good to great.". Regarding people decisions he has the following to say:1. When in doubt, don't hire - keep looking. (Corollary: A company should limit its growthbased on its ability to attract enough of the right people.)2. When you know you need to make a people change, act. (Corollary: First be sure youdon't simply have someone in the wrong seat.)3. Put your best people on your biggest opportunities, not your biggest problems.(Corollary: If you sell off your problems, don't sell off your best people.)Good-to-great leaders understand three simple truths:If you begin with the “who,” rather than the “what,” you can more easily adapt to a changing world.If you have the right people on the bus, the problem of how to motivate and manage people largely goes away.If you have the wrong people, it doesn’t matter whether you discover the right direction—you still won’t have a great company. Great vision without great people isirrelevant.Chapter 4: Confront the Brutal FactsThis chapter deals with the Stockdale Paradox .Another defiance of conventionality is encapsulated in the so-called Stockdale paradox. Admiral Stockdale survived a long period of imprisonment in Vietnam. He had determination to survive, but claimed that it was ‘the optimists’ who failed to see it through. The Stockdale paradox contrasts those who focus with determinationon a realistic objective with the fantasists whose slogan is that if you can dream it, you can do it. Retrain faith that you will prevail in the end, regardless of the difficulties and at the same time confront the most brutal facts of your current reality, whatever they might be. It says:1. Lead with questions, not answers2. Engage in dialogue and debate, not coercion.3. Conduct autopsies, without blame.4. Build red flag mechanisms that turn information into information that cannot be ignored.Next, even before they had settled on a business plan, these CEOs surrounded themselves with smart, hard-working people who were not afraid to face their shortcomings and hurdles--the "brutal facts," as Collins puts it--but who had faith they would ultimately win. After settling on a course, the companies on the list never lost sight of what they did best, and they maintained tough standards for their people. New hires either fit right in--or were quickly ejected. Then, through perseverance and the careful use of technology, the enterprises lifted off. "The process resembles relentlessly pushing a giant heavy flywheel in one direction, turn upon turn, building momentum until a point of breakthrough, and beyond," Collins concludes. Good-to-Great companies maintain unwavering faith that they can and will prevail in the end, regardless of the difficulties, and at the same time have the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of their current reality – whatever that might be.All good-to-great companies began the process of finding a path to greatness by confronting the brutal facts of their current reality. When a company starts with an honest and diligent effort to determine the truth of its situation, the right decisions often become self-evident. Good decisions are impossible without an honest confrontation of the brutal facts.Why Kroger Beat A&PThe Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (also known as A&P) had the perfect business model for the first half of the twentieth century, when two world wars and an economic depression imposed frugality upon Americans: cheap, plentiful groceries sold in utilitarian stores. However, in the more affluent second half of the century, Americans began demanding bigger stores, more choices, fresh baked goods, fresh flowers, banking services and so forth. They wanted superstores that offered almost everything under one roof. To f ace the brutal facts about the mismatch between its past model and the changing world, A&P opened a new store called Golden Key, where it could experiment with new methods and models and learn what customers wanted. It sold no A&P-branded products, experimented with new departments, and began to evolve toward the more modern superstore. A&P began to discover the answer to the questions of why it was losing market share and what it could do about it. But A&P executives didn’t like the answers they got, so they closed the store, rather than diverge from their ages-old business ideas. Meanwhile, the Kroger grocery chain also conducted experiments and, by 1970, discovered the inescapable truth that the old-model grocery store was going to become extinct. Rather than ignore the brutal truth, as A&P did, the company acted on it, eliminating, changing, or replacing every single store that did not fit the new realities. It went block-by-block, city-by-city, state-by- state, until it had rebuilt its entire system. By 1999, it was the number one grocery chain in America.Let the Truth Be HeardOne of the primary tasks in taking a company from good to great is to create a culture wherein people have a tremendous opportunity to be heard and, ultimately, for the truth to be likewise heard. To accomplish this, you must engage in four basic practices:Lead with questions, not answers.Leading from good to great does not mean coming up with the answers and motivating everyone to follow your messianic vision. It means having the humility to grasp the fact that you do not yet understand enough to have the answers, and then to ask questions that will lead to the best possible insights.Engage in dialogue and debate, not coercion.All good-to-great companies have a penchant for intense debates, discussions and healthy conflict. Dialogue is not used as a sham process to let people “have their say” so they can buy into a predetermined decision; rather, it is used to engage people in the search for the best answers.Conduct autopsies, without blame.Good-to-great leaders must take an honest look at decisions his or her company makes, rather than simply assigning blame for the outcomes of those decisions. These “autopsies” go a long way toward establishing understanding and learning, creating a climate where the truth is heard.Build red flag mechanisms that turn information into information that cannot be ignored.Good-to-great companies have no better access to information than any other company; they simply give their people and customers ample opportunities to provide unfiltered information and insight that can act as an early warning for potentially deeper problems. Chapter 5 : The Hedgehog ConceptIt talks about the triumph of understanding over bravado -- requires a deep understanding of three intersecting circles translated into a simple, crystalline concept -- the hedgehog concept.and it’s the basis for much of the book. This concept involves reflecting on three important questions that all businesses should ask:1. What are you deeply passionate about?2. What drives your economic engine? and3. What you can be best in the world at ?At what you can be best in the world. This standard goes far beyond core competence — just because you possess a core competence doesn’t necessarily mean you are the best in the world at that competence. Conversely, what you can be best in the world at might not even be something in which you are currently engaged. The Hedgehog Concept is not a goal or strategy to be the best at something; it is an understanding of what you can be the best at and, almost equally important, what you cannot be the best at.What drives your economic engine? To get insight into the drivers of your economic engine, search for the one denominator (profit per x, for example, or cash flow per x) that has the single greatest impact. If you could pick one and only one ratio to systematically increase over time to make a greater impact, what would that ratio be? This denominator can be subtle, sometimes even unobvious. The key is to use the denominator to gain understanding and insight into your economic model.What you are deeply passionate about. Good-to-great companies did not pick a course of action, then encourage their people to become passionate about their direction. Rather, those companies decided to do only those things that they could get passionate about. They recognized that passion cannot be manufactured, nor can it be the end result of a motivation effort. You can only discover what ignites your passion and the passions of those around you.These three questions are placed within overlapping circles. The area where the three overlap is the area where a corporation should aim to reach, to ensure the most output and the greatest efficiency..A hedgehog concept is not a goal to be the best, a strategy to be the best, an intention to be the best, a plan to be the best. It is an understanding of what you can be the best at.If you could pick one and only one ratio - profix per x (or in the social sector, cash flow per x) - to systematically increase over time, what x would have the greatest and most sustainable impact on your economic engine?The core of the book emphasizes what Collins refers to as a 'hedgehog' strategy that is necessary to achieve greatness. Collins says great companies are like hedgehogs in that they stick to what they know and can do well. Collins says when a fox attacks a hedgehog the hedgehog curls into a prickly ball and the attacking fox must leave it alone. Then, the fox runs around and tries another point of attack and never learns. The hedgehogs only need to do one thing that works well and consistently. In short, after much research and writing, Collins finds the key to business success is functioning within the intersection of three circles. The first circle represents an endeavor atwhich your company has the potential to be the best in the world. The second circle represents what your company can feel passionate about. The third circle represents a measure of profitability that can drive your economic success. You must choose to do something that's profitable and know how to focus upon that profitability.To find the circles, Collins makes the excellent point that you must begin with the right people. Collins emphasizes that the people must come before you decide exactly how your company will achieve success. We learn that in great companies there is often heated debate about what's best for the company. The culture of great companies is open in the sense that the truth will be heard. That's very different from debating for the sake of protecting private turf and self-aggrandizement.Chapter 6 : Cultural DisciplineThis chapter deals with the importance of discipline. It talks about building a culture full of self-disciplined people who take disciplined action, fanatically consistent with the three circles, the hedgehog concept. freedom and responsibility within a framework -- build a consistent system with clear constraints, but give people freedom and responsibility within the framework of that system. It advises to hire self-disciplined people who don't need to be managed, and to manage the system, not the people.Discipline means fanatical adherence to the Hedgehog Concept and the willingness to shun opportunities that fall outside the three circles. The findings here might surprise some people. First of all, the management teams of the best companies are not strict disciplinarians. Discipline is stressed, but it comes from hiring employees who are already disciplined and ready to motivate themselves to achieve. Bureaucratic culture arises to compensate for incompetence and lack of discipline, which arise from having the wrong people on the bug in the first placeHaving a disciplined culture is the opposite of having a controlled one. There is no need for hierarchy, bureaucracy, or excessive control. Sustained great results depend upon building a culture full of self-disciplined people who take disciplined action fanatically consistent with the three circles of the Hedgehog Concept. This is in contrast to the typical ways in which many companies (particularly start-ups) conduct themselves when responding to growth and success. As these companies grow, they tend to sacrifice the creativity, energy and vision that made them successful in favor of hierarchical, bureaucratic structures and strictures — thus killing the entrepreneurial spirit as they create order. Exciting companies thus transform themselves into ordinary companies, and mediocrity begins to grow in earnest. Indeed, bureaucratic cultures arise to compensate for incompetence and lack of discipline, which arise from having the wrong people on the bus in the first place. Most companies build their bureaucratic rules to man-age a small percentage of the wrong people, which in turn drives away the right people. This self-perpetuating problem can be avoided by creating a culture of discipline.Action StepsTo create a culture of discipline, you must:Build a culture around the idea of freedom and responsibility, within a framework.Good-to-great companies built a consistent system with clear constraints, but they also gave people freedom and responsibility within the framework of that system. They hired self-disciplined people who didn’t need to be managed, and then managed the system, not the people. They also had the discipline of thought, to confront the brutal facts of reality and still maintain faith that they were on the track to greatness. Finally, they took disciplined actions that kept them on that track.。
GOOD TO GREAT (从优秀到卓越)
GOOD TO GREAT(从优秀到卓越)Jim Collins (吉姆·柯林斯)一·第五级经理人1·五级经理人体系第一级:能力突出的个人;用自己的智慧、知识、技能和良好的工作作风做出巨大贡献。
第二级:乐于奉献的团队成员;为实现集体目标贡献个人才智,与团队成员通力合作。
第三级:富有实力的经理人;组织人力和资源,高效地朝着既定目标前进。
第四级:坚强有力的领导者;全身心投入、执著追求清晰可见、催人奋发的愿景,向着高业绩标准努力。
第五级:第5级经理人;将个人的谦逊品质和职业化的坚定意志相结合,建立持续的卓越业绩。
3·第五级经理人的培养第一类:驱动人们追逐权势的欲望和个人野心往往和第5级经理人所具备的谦逊品质相左。
(这也就是第五级经理人稀少的主要原因,个人利益往往会高于一切)第二类:第5级经理人往往经历一些不同寻常的经历是他们成熟起来。
4·第5级经理人的领导并不等于“公仆式的领导”。
他们都是被创造可持续业绩的内在需要所驱动和感染。
为了使公司走向卓越,他们有决心做任何事。
二·先人后事1·实现跨越公司的领导者首先是设法得到合适的人才(不合适的下车),然后才决定将汽车开向何方。
2·对比采用“1个天才+1000个助手”的模式,即天才领导者出规划,然后雇佣一批能力很强的助手帮助实施。
这种模式往往会因为天才的离开而导致失败。
(这种模式是一个个人能力展示的结果,而非是一个完整的系统。
助手们基本只是服从,这样他们不仅不能熟悉掌握内部工作,并缺少思考,更甚至失去热情和积极性。
)3·重要的是给何人付酬,而不在于如何支付。
【合适地雇员】合适的雇员不会计较报酬的多少,只要认定是对的,他们就会全力以赴。
跨越公司中,补偿机制不是为了让不合适的员工做出合适的举动,而是要让合适的雇员上车,并保证他们能留在那儿。
(合适的雇员在车上,在他们力所能及的范围内,他们会竭尽全力,不是因为这样做会有什么好处,而是因为他们本能要求他们能建功立业,成就一番事业。
从优秀到卓越简介
从优秀到卓越简介
《从优秀到卓越》是美国管理学家吉姆·柯林斯所著的商业类著作,于2001年首次出版发行。
全书分三个部分。
第一部分描述了优秀经理的特征;第二部分讲述了从优秀到卓越的转变过程;第三部分则研究了转变过程所需要的领导能力。
书中指出,卓越并非指规模而是指一种精神,一种始终向前的精神,一种能够看到别人看不到的东西并采取行动的精神。
卓越并非一种业绩标记,而是一种精神状态,一种始终向前的推力。
卓越其实是一种追求,一种生生不息的精神状态。
该书出版后,被亚马逊书店列为“历史上读者最多的商业书籍”之一。
《从优秀到卓越》全书简介
《从优秀到卓越》全书简介《从优秀到卓越》作者:【美】吉姆.柯林斯这本书不会使平庸的公司成为优秀的公司。
但是,它却使优秀的公司成为卓越的公司。
——彼得.德鲁克一个作者在出版了成名作之后,若想再辉煌,往往像跳高动员要想打破自己的记录一样困难重重。
但那时,吉姆.柯林斯是个例外。
1994年他和杰里.波拉斯出版了《基业长青》这本20世纪90年代的管理力作后,2001年年初又出人意料地推出了一力作——《从优秀到卓越》。
《基业长青》对美国一些大公司永续成功经营的深层原因进行了探索,得出的结论真实可信,具有很大的现实指导意义。
该书出版后的第2年即被《产业周刊》评为1995年头号商业畅销书,《今日美国》更是称其为“继《追求卓越》之后最引人瞩目的企业研究力作。
”《华尔街日报》称其为“一本异乎寻常的书,很值得一读。
”目前它的英文版重印超过70次,销售100多万册,并且已被译成16种外文在全球发行。
简单地说,《基业长青》说明了卓越的公司为何历经上百年而长盛不衰,它们又是如何从创业时就将长期可持续的业绩注入企业的DNA这样一个道理。
但是,生来并不具备卓越的DNA公司怎么办?优秀的公司,一般性的公司,甚至是很糟糕的公司,怎么成为一个能持续创造非凡业绩的企业?为什么有的公司实现了大跨越,而别的公司却没有?在长达5年的时间里,这个问题一直困扰着柯林斯的头脑。
哪些公司可以摆脱平庸的万有引力,从大众化的沼泽中脱颖而出,实现长期的卓越?如果那样的话,这些公司又具有哪些普遍的显著特征,使得它们能够从优秀转变为卓越的呢?怀着这样的好奇心和追求真理的决心,柯林斯和他的21人的研究小组,对1965年至1995年30年间出现在《财富》500强排行榜上的1435家企业进行了逐一分析,找到11家企业,它们实现了从优秀业绩到卓越业绩的跨越,并保持15年以上。
在此期间,这些公司的平均股票收益是大盘股指的6.9倍,而像通用电气这样的超级公司也只有2.8倍。
GOOD TO GREAT
GOOD TO GREAT(从优秀到卓越)Jim Collins (吉姆·柯林斯)一·第五级经理人1·五级经理人体系第一级:能力突出的个人;用自己的智慧、知识、技能和良好的工作作风做出巨大贡献。
第二级:乐于奉献的团队成员;为实现集体目标贡献个人才智,与团队成员通力合作。
第三级:富有实力的经理人;组织人力和资源,高效地朝着既定目标前进。
第四级:坚强有力的领导者;全身心投入、执著追求清晰可见、催人奋发的愿景,向着高业绩标准努力。
第五级:第5级经理人;将个人的谦逊品质和职业化的坚定意志相结合,建立持续的卓越业绩。
3·第五级经理人的培养第一类:驱动人们追逐权势的欲望和个人野心往往和第5级经理人所具备的谦逊品质相左。
(这也就是第五级经理人稀少的主要原因,个人利益往往会高于一切)第二类:第5级经理人往往经历一些不同寻常的经历是他们成熟起来。
4·第5级经理人的领导并不等于“公仆式的领导”。
他们都是被创造可持续业绩的内在需要所驱动和感染。
为了使公司走向卓越,他们有决心做任何事。
二·先人后事1·实现跨越公司的领导者首先是设法得到合适的人才(不合适的下车),然后才决定将汽车开向何方。
2·对比采用“1个天才+1000个助手”的模式,即天才领导者出规划,然后雇佣一批能力很强的助手帮助实施。
这种模式往往会因为天才的离开而导致失败。
(这种模式是一个个人能力展示的结果,而非是一个完整的系统。
助手们基本只是服从,这样他们不仅不能熟悉掌握内部工作,并缺少思考,更甚至失去热情和积极性。
)3·重要的是给何人付酬,而不在于如何支付。
【合适地雇员】合适的雇员不会计较报酬的多少,只要认定是对的,他们就会全力以赴。
跨越公司中,补偿机制不是为了让不合适的员工做出合适的举动,而是要让合适的雇员上车,并保证他们能留在那儿。
(合适的雇员在车上,在他们力所能及的范围内,他们会竭尽全力,不是因为这样做会有什么好处,而是因为他们本能要求他们能建功立业,成就一番事业。
优秀到卓越
优秀到卓越(上篇)Good to Great——Why Some Companies Make the Leap… and Others Don’ t,《从优秀到卓越》,是美国史丹佛企管研究所Jim Collins(科斯林)所著。
为了寻找企业「从优秀到卓越」的奥秘,科斯林和他的研究团队花费了五年的时间。
他们从1965年到1995年名列美国《财富》杂志(Fortune)五百大排行榜上的企业,进行系统化的搜寻和筛选,最后选定了十一家「从优秀到卓越」的公司;同时筛选了两组对照公司,一组是同产业的竞争中,在「从优秀到卓越」公司蜕变时期,拥有相同的机会和类似的资源,但是却没有从优秀跃升到卓越,一组是短暂从优秀蜕变为卓越,但是未能保持佳绩。
研究结果表明,如果企业蜕变的过程看成先积累实力、然后突飞猛进的过程,可以把它分成三个阶段:有纪律的员工、有纪律的思考和有纪律的行动。
在每个阶段中,都包含两个重要观念,如图1所示。
包含整个观念架构的是我们称为「飞轮」的观念,这个观念抓住了企业「从优秀到卓越」整个过程的形态。
图1:从优秀到卓越一、第五级领导在研究企业领导风格发现:推动企业从优秀蜕变为卓越的关键转变时期,都出现第五级领导人。
和锋芒毕露、身兼媒体宠儿、社会名流的企业领导人比较起来,这些卓越企业的执行长简直就象外星人。
他们通常沉默内敛、不爱出风头,甚至有些害羞,谦虚为怀的个人特质和不屈不挠的专业坚持汇集一身。
他们当然雄心勃勃,但是一切雄心壮志都是为了公司,而非自己。
图2:第五级领导的两种特质图3:领导能力的五个等级二、先找对人,再决定要做什么原本以为「从优秀到卓越」的领导人新官上任之初,一定先提出新的远景,拟定新的策略,结果却发现他们并非先找出巴士该往哪里开,然后要员工把车子开过去,他们反而先找对人上车(要求不合适的人下车),接下来才弄清楚车子该往哪个方向开。
研究发现,企业从优秀蜕变为卓越有两个关键令他们与众不同:1.「从优秀到卓越」的公司领导人在推动变革时,他们先找对人,再决定要做什么。
吉姆·柯林斯《从优秀到卓越》(78张PPT)
吉姆·柯林斯《从优秀到卓越》(78张PPT)
吉姆·柯林斯《从优秀到卓越》(78张PPT)
互联网战略曾庆学 2016-09-22 16:23
《从优秀到卓越》描绘了优秀公司实现向卓越公司跨越的宏伟蓝图。
作者的前一部著作《基业长青》揭示了公司保持卓越的秘诀,但书中提到的公司自始至终都出类拔萃。
对于那些业绩平平的公司,如何才能实现从优秀到卓越的跨越呢?是不是卓越的企业都有所谓的特殊“卓越气质”?发展的瓶颈是不是真的难以突破?
针对这一问题,柯林斯和他的研究小组历时5年,阅读并系统整理了6000篇文章,记录了2000多页的专访内容,创建了3.84亿字节的电脑数据,收集了28家公司过去50年,甚至更早的所有文章,进行了大范围的定性和定量分析,得出了如何使公司从优秀到卓越的令人惊异而振奋的答案。
柯林斯发现,公司从优秀到卓越,跟从事的行业是否在潮流之中
没有关系,事实上,即使是一个从事传统行业的企业,即使它最初默默无闻,它也可能卓越。
柯林斯提出了一整套观点,“只要采纳并认真贯彻,几乎所有的公司都能极大改善自己的经营状况,甚至可能成为卓越公司”。
从优秀到卓越
训练有素的人
训练有素的思想
训练有素 的行为
第5级经理人
直面残酷的现实
训练有素的文化
先人后事
积蓄力量…...
刺猥理念
技术加速器
实现跨越!
飞轮
《从优秀到卓越》揭示的道理
从公司之外请来的被奉若神明的名人做领导,往往对 公司从优秀到卓越的跨越过程起消极作用 经理人的薪酬结构跟推动公司经营绩无关 实现跨越的公司在制定长期战略上花的时间并不比别 的公司更多 技术以及技术推动的变革,实际上并不能激发从优秀 到卓越的跨越 合并和收购在推动公司跨越过程中并没有起到任何作 用。 革命性的跨越,不一定需要革命性的过程 实现跨越的公司从事的并非是景气行业,有的甚至是 处境很糟的行业 卓越并非环境的产物,在很大程度上,它是一种慎重 决策的结果
从优秀到卓越
GOOD TO GREAT
作者:
詹姆斯· C· 柯林斯
James C. Collins
驰名世界的管理权威和商业 畅销书作家。曾在斯坦福大 学商学院任教,获得该学院 的杰出教学奖。他曾在默克 公司、星巴克、时代明镜集 团、麦肯锡公司等世界知名 公司任高级经理和CEO。哈 佛商业评论为90年代选出两 本最重要的管理书籍,其中 一本就是他和杰瑞C.波拉 斯 的经典著作《基业长青》。
谢谢大家要面对现实中最 残忍的事实,不论有多大困 难,不论它们是什么。
三、直面残酷的现实(但决不失去信念)
领导应多提出些问题,少要求答案 要对话、要争论,但不要强制 作彻底的事后分析,不要互相指责 建立红旗机制
四、刺猬理念
Keep it simple,stupid!
谦逊的性格
回避公众的恭维,从 不自吹自擂 行事从容、冷静 雄心勃勃,但把公司 的利益放在第一位, 培养接班人 公司的成功归结于别 人、外因、好运
从优秀到卓越 修改版
已是优秀的公司有可能更上层楼成为卓越的公司吗? 如果可以,怎样才能做到?
卓越模型 第五级经理人 先人后事 直面残酷的现实 刺猬理论 强调纪律的文化
《从优秀到卓越》
揭开黑匣子里的秘密 空降的企业明星并不能领导公司从优秀到卓越。在十一家
“从优秀到卓越”的公司中,有十家公司的执行长都是由内部升迁 的。 行业并不重要。“从优秀到卓越”的公司大半并非从事卓越的 行业,有些产业甚至状况很糟。
先事后 人
卓越模型 第五级经理人 先人后事
先人后 事
直面残酷的现实 刺猬理论 强调纪律的文化
《从优秀到卓越》
先人后事的启示
1、只要还有疑虑,宁可暂不录用,继续寻找千里马
2、当你感到需要改革人事时,赶快采取行动
3、让最优秀的人才掌握公司最大的契机,而不是请他们去 解决公司最严重的问题
卓越模型
第五级经理人
卓越模型
第五级经理人
先人后事
直面残酷的现实
刺猬理论
强调纪律的文化
《从优秀到卓越》
塑造文化,而非推行暴政
• 从优秀到卓越”的公司里都有一位第五级领导人,建立起能长治久安的纪律文化 。反之,未能常保卓越的公司领导人通常只是第四级,他们施展铁碗,强力推行 组织纪律,在强人离开后却没能留下强调纪律的文化,或强人本身变得没纪律, 跨出三个圆圈的领域。 乐柏美的高尔特自称是真诚的独裁者。他为乐柏美树立了严格的纪律,如严谨的 规划和竞争者分析、系统化的市场研究、踏实的成本控制等。他自己做事也一丝 不苟、有条不紊。但纪律主要靠他一人维系,在他离开后乐柏美就开始走下坡路 。
卓越模型
第五级经理人
先人后事
直面残酷的现实
刺猬理论
强调纪律的文化
《从优秀到卓越》
从优秀到卓越读后感
从优秀到卓越读后感《从优秀到卓越》是一本企业管理方面的畅销书籍,其作者吉姆·柯林斯也是被誉为“全球最好的管理思想家”之一。
这本书是吉姆·柯林斯的第二本畅销著作,他在其中提出了一些非常独到的管理理念,尤其是对企业领导力、战略规划以及企业文化建设领域中的研究和探索,深受很多企业领导人的青睐。
作为一名企业管理从业者,我也有幸读到了这本书,下面是我的阅读体验和感受。
首先,吉姆·柯林斯的写作风格非常简洁明了,虽然涉及到的管理理念比较深奥,但是作者通俗易懂的语言让读者很容易理解和接受。
通过案例和数据的支撑,他提出的一些管理观点让我深刻地认识到了管理在企业发展中的重要性。
比如,他在书中巧妙地提出了“四个层次的领导力”,即个人领导力、团队领导力、级别领导力和企业领导力,针对每个层次都提供了一些实际操作上的建议和指导,让我受益匪浅。
其次,本书的重要性在于它提供了一个系统性的思维框架,让读者可以更好地理解企业管理的本质,学会如何全面地衡量企业管理的效果。
吉姆·柯林斯认为,优秀(Good to Great)是企业实现长期成功的先决条件,而想要达到卓越(Great to Excellent)的境界,则需要更高层次的管理思维。
这个思维框架为企业领导者提供了一种深刻的思考方式,让他们能够更加清楚地认识到企业的优势和劣势,同时更好地把握未来机遇。
最后,我认为本书最具有创新性和价值的观点在于它提供了一种不同于传统管理思维的颠覆性思路。
它强调的“尴尬的问题”,即面对自己的业绩不佳和困境,如何发掘和利用企业内部的潜力,实现企业的改善和突破,这也是吉姆·柯林斯所倡导的从“好到了不起”的管理理念中体现出来的。
这种颠覆性的思路,透露出一种从容应对变革的心态,让企业管理者在面对未来的挑战时能够更有信心和智慧地作出正确的选择。
总之,这本书让我受益匪浅。
作为一名企业管理从业者,通过阅读这本书,我对企业的管理方式和方法有了更加深刻的认识和理解。
《从优秀到卓越》读书笔记
《从优秀到卓越》读书笔记《从优秀到卓越》读书笔记篇1《从优秀到卓越》读书笔记《从优秀到卓越》是一本探讨企业如何从优秀发展到卓越发展的书籍,作者是著名的管理学家吉姆·柯林斯。
这本书在2001年《财富》杂志的500强企业中,挑选了11家从优秀企业脱颖而出成为卓越企业的公司进行深入研究,包括IBM、美敦力、富豪、柯达等等。
《从优秀到卓越》的核心理念在于,它打破了一般管理学的局限,不再只关注企业短期的绩效评估,而是强调对企业的长期发展、文化和价值观进行深入理解和思考。
它认为,卓越的企业不仅仅是因为产品或服务优秀而取得成功,更重要的是他们的领导者具有坚定的信念和毅力,对企业的使命、愿景和价值观有着深入的理解和共同的信仰。
书中还提出了一些重要的观点。
例如,企业要想从优秀走向卓越,必须面对困难和挑战,坚韧不拔地坚持下去。
书中描述了这些企业如何通过持续改进、持续创新,从而不断突破自我,实现卓越的发展。
我个人的观点是,《从优秀到卓越》是一本非常值得一读的书。
它不仅对企业的发展提供了深入的思考,也为我们在个人成长和职业生涯中如何实现卓越提供了宝贵的启示。
我相信,无论是在商业领域还是在其他领域,我们都可以从中汲取智慧和力量。
总之,《从优秀到卓越》是一本具有深度和广度的书籍,对于希望了解企业成功秘密的读者来说,是一本不可错过的佳作。
《从优秀到卓越》读书笔记篇2《从优秀到卓越》是《纽约时报》畅销书作家吉姆·柯林斯(JimCollins)的代表作之一,这本书研究了卓越企业如何从优秀企业中脱颖而出。
通过深入研究包括飞利浦、索尼、惠普、通用电气等世界500强企业在内的各种企业,柯林斯发现了使这些企业从优秀变为卓越的几个关键因素。
这本书的一个核心观点是,卓越并非一蹴而就,而是需要持续的努力和改进。
优秀企业需要经历一个“从优秀到卓越的转变”,而这个过程并不是自动发生的,需要企业不断地调整和优化。
柯林斯认为,卓越企业具有五个关键的持续性特征:1.打造一个追求卓越的企业文化:卓越企业都有一种追求卓越的企业文化,这种文化鼓励员工不断挑战自我,追求更高的目标。
从优秀到卓越的读后感
从优秀到卓越的读后感《从优秀到卓越》是一本由吉姆·柯林斯(Jim Collins)所著的管理学经典之作。
这本书通过对15家表现卓越的公司的深入研究,总结出了一些关于企业成功的重要原则。
在读完这本书之后,我深受启发,对于企业管理和领导力有了全新的认识和理解。
首先,这本书让我明白了卓越并不是一蹴而就的结果,而是需要长期不懈的努力和坚持不懈。
在书中,作者提到了“持之以恒”的概念,即持续不断地努力追求卓越。
这让我意识到成功并非一蹴而就,而是需要不断地积累和改进。
只有坚持不懈地追求卓越,才能最终取得成功。
其次,书中强调了领导力的重要性。
在15家卓越公司中,作者发现了一些共同的特点,比如拥有优秀的领导团队。
这让我意识到,一个成功的企业需要有一支优秀的领导团队,他们能够引领公司不断前进,激发员工的潜力,推动企业不断发展。
因此,作为一名管理者,我需要不断提升自己的领导能力,培养团队的凝聚力和执行力,从而推动企业向卓越迈进。
此外,书中还提到了企业文化的重要性。
在15家卓越公司中,作者发现了这些公司都拥有一种积极向上的企业文化,这种文化能够激励员工,让他们为公司的发展贡献自己的力量。
这让我深刻认识到,企业文化对于公司的发展至关重要。
作为一名管理者,我需要不断塑造和强化企业文化,让员工认同和践行企业的核心价值观,从而推动企业向卓越发展。
最后,书中还提到了“精益求精”的理念。
在15家卓越公司中,作者发现这些公司都拥有一种追求卓越的精神,他们不满足于现状,而是不断地追求更高的目标。
这让我明白,作为一名管理者,我需要不断追求卓越,不断改进和创新,才能让企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。
总的来说,读完《从优秀到卓越》给我带来了很多启发和思考。
这本书不仅让我对企业管理和领导力有了全新的认识,也让我明白了成功并非偶然,而是需要长期不懈的努力和坚持不懈。
我相信,在今后的工作中,我会不断运用书中的理念,不断追求卓越,让自己和企业都能够取得更加辉煌的成就。
《从优秀到卓越》读后感
《从优秀到卓越》读后感2006 年 13 月,我阅读了吉姆·柯林斯的《从优秀到卓越》一书,深受启发。
这本书以数据和事实为基础,探讨了如何将一个组织从优秀提升到卓越的关键因素。
作者认为,实现这一跨越需要一系列特定的行为和实践,这些因素并非昙花一现的时尚,而是经过长期验证的真理。
在书中,作者提出了许多深刻的见解和实用的建议。
他强调了挑选合适的人才的重要性,即“先人后事”的原则。
这意味着首先要找到合适的人,然后再决定做什么和怎么做。
合适的人才能够带来正确的思维和行动,推动组织朝着卓越的方向发展。
此外,作者还强调了“刺猬理念”的重要性。
一个组织需要明确自己的核心优势和能力,专注于做那些能够做到最好的事情。
这种简单而聚焦的理念能够帮助组织在市场中脱颖而出,实现持续的卓越表现。
同时,作者指出了训练有素的文化的关键作用。
这种文化鼓励人们持续学习和改进,培养了一种勇于面对现实、不断挑战自我的精神。
在这样的文化中,个人和团队能够不断突破自己的局限,实现更高的绩效。
关于领导力,作者认为第五级经理人的谦逊个性和坚定意志是实现卓越的关键。
第五级经理人既能展现出无私的领导才能,又能坚定地推动组织朝着目标前进。
他们将个人利益置于团队之后,以公司的利益为先,为组织的成功而努力奋斗。
另外,书中还提到了面对残酷现实的重要性。
领导者需要勇于面对现实,接受组织中存在的问题和挑战,并采取积极的行动来解决这些问题。
只有通过诚实的自我评估和持续的改进,组织才能不断进步。
在技术应用方面,作者强调了技术应该服务于核心刺猬理念的原则。
技术只是一种工具,只有当它与组织的核心优势和目标相契合时,才能真正发挥其价值。
过于关注技术本身而忽视了其与核心业务的关系,可能会导致资源的浪费和战略的迷失。
关于飞轮和厄运之轮的比喻,让我对持续积累和坚持的力量有了更深刻的理解。
卓越的实现并非一蹴而就,而是需要通过持续的努力和积累来推动飞轮不断旋转。
在这个过程中,可能会遇到挫折和困难,但关键是要保持坚定的信念和持续的行动,不断调整和改进。
2024年从优秀到卓越读后感范文(2篇)
2024年从优秀到卓越读后感范文《从优秀到卓越》是一本由吉姆·柯林斯(Jim Collins)撰写的畅销商业励志书籍。
本书通过分析多个企业的成功和失败案例,总结出从优秀到卓越的关键要素,并提供实用的方法和策略,帮助读者提升自己和组织的绩效,达到卓越的境界。
读完这本书后,我深受启发,有以下几点感受。
首先,我被书中的“第一级领导者”概念所震撼。
“第一级领导者”是指具备强大能力和品质的领导者,他们能够激发团队成员的潜力,并塑造一个优秀的组织文化。
这与传统的“强大领导者”有着很大的不同。
传统的领导者常常依赖个人的权威和能力来指导团队,而“第一级领导者”则更注重培养和发展团队成员的能力和潜力。
这种领导方式不仅能够提高团队的整体绩效,还能够激发成员的创造力和热情,使组织在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出。
其次,我被书中关于“好到伟大”的理念深深触动。
“好到伟大”的理念是指在追求卓越的过程中,不止满足于成为一家好公司,而是要以伟大的标准对待自己。
这需要领导者和团队成员持续不断地挑战自我,寻求更高的目标和更大的突破。
书中提到的“精益生产”和“超越者”概念给予了我很多启发。
精益生产意味着不断提高效率和降低浪费,在整个价值链中寻求更大的改进和突破。
超越者则是指具有远见和创新能力的领导者,他们能够超越传统思维的束缚,勇于尝试新的方法和策略。
这些理念帮助我意识到,只有不断挑战自我,才能够实现卓越的目标。
此外,书中对于组织文化的重视也给了我很大的启示。
文化是一家企业的灵魂,它决定了企业的行为准则和价值观念。
一家优秀的企业应该建立起一种积极向上的文化,能够吸引和留住优秀的人才,并为他们提供良好的发展环境和机会。
我深受书中关于“优秀文化”和“关键价值观”的论述所感动。
优秀文化是指具有卓越特质和行为准则的文化,能够激励团队成员追求卓越。
关键价值观则是企业核心价值观的具体表现,能够指导团队成员的决策和行为。
这些思想让我明白了文化对于企业成功的重要性,并激发了我打造自己卓越的组织文化的决心。
从优秀到卓越读书笔记
从优秀到卓越读书笔记《从优秀到卓越》这本书是由吉姆·柯林斯所著,它通过对大量企业的研究和分析,揭示了企业从优秀走向卓越的关键因素和规律。
阅读这本书,让我深受启发,也对个人和组织的发展有了更深刻的理解。
书中开篇就提出了一个重要的问题:“优秀是卓越的大敌。
”这一观点让我感到震惊,因为在我们的常规思维中,优秀往往是我们追求的目标,而作者却指出,正是因为满足于优秀,许多企业和个人才无法实现向卓越的跨越。
在研究那些成功实现从优秀到卓越跨越的企业时,作者发现了一个关键的概念——“第五级经理人”。
他们并非是那种极具魅力、个性张扬的领导者,而是兼具谦逊的品质和强大的决心。
他们把公司的利益置于个人利益之上,愿意为了公司的长期发展而默默付出。
这种领导者的存在,为企业的卓越发展奠定了坚实的基础。
比如,在面对困难和挑战时,他们不会推卸责任,而是勇于承担,并带领团队共同寻找解决问题的方法。
“先人后事”是另一个让我印象深刻的理念。
很多企业在发展过程中,往往先制定战略,然后再寻找合适的人来执行。
但那些卓越的企业却恰恰相反,他们首先是找到合适的人,然后再根据这些人的特点和能力来制定战略。
因为只有合适的人,才能真正理解和执行战略,从而推动企业的发展。
这让我联想到我们在生活和工作中,与人合作时,选择合适的伙伴往往比制定一个完美的计划更加重要。
书中还提到了“刺猬理念”。
它要求企业能够清晰地认识到自己最擅长的是什么,最有热情去做的是什么,以及经济驱动因素是什么。
只有将这三个方面的交集找出来,并专注于此,企业才能在激烈的市场竞争中脱颖而出。
对于个人而言,我们也应该思考自己的“刺猬理念”,明确自己的核心优势和真正热爱的事情,然后集中精力去发展,这样才能在自己的领域取得突出的成绩。
在实现从优秀到卓越的过程中,“飞轮效应”也起着至关重要的作用。
企业就像一个巨大的飞轮,一开始推动它需要付出巨大的努力,但只要坚持不懈,一旦飞轮开始转动,其惯性和动能就会越来越大,推动起来也会越来越轻松。
从优秀到卓越读后感
从优秀到卓越读后感《从优秀到卓越》是一本由吉姆•柯林斯和杰瑞•波拉斯合著的商业管理类书籍。
这本书以其深刻的洞察和实用的指导,成为了商界人士和管理者们的必读之作。
通过对这本书的阅读,我深刻地体会到了什么是优秀,以及如何从优秀走向卓越。
首先,这本书通过大量的研究和案例分析,揭示了优秀和卓越之间的差异。
作者指出,优秀是一种过渡状态,而卓越则是一种持续的状态。
优秀可以是暂时的,但卓越是持久的。
这让我深刻地意识到,要想实现卓越,就不能止步于优秀,而是要不断地追求进步和提高。
其次,书中提到了一些实现卓越的关键因素。
作者认为,卓越并不是一种偶然,而是建立在一系列正确的行为和决策之上的。
比如,建立一个优秀的团队,培养出色的领导力,制定清晰的目标和策略等等。
这些因素都是实现卓越的重要保障。
通过阅读这些内容,我对于如何实现卓越有了更清晰的认识,也对自己的工作和生活有了更明确的规划。
最后,书中还提到了一些成功企业的案例,这些企业通过不断追求卓越,取得了非凡的成就。
这些案例让我深受启发,也让我对于实现卓越有了更具体的目标和方向。
我深信,只有不断地追求卓越,才能在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出,取得成功。
通过阅读《从优秀到卓越》,我深刻地认识到了优秀和卓越之间的差异,也对于实现卓越有了更清晰的认识和规划。
我相信,只要不断追求进步,不断提高自己,就一定能够走向卓越,取得更大的成功。
这本书不仅仅是一本商业管理类的书籍,更是一本关于人生追求卓越的指南,我会将其中的智慧融入到我的工作和生活中,不断提升自己,追求卓越。
读书报告——《从优秀到卓越》
读书报告——《从优秀到卓越》《从优秀到卓越》是一本由吉姆·柯林斯撰写的管理学书籍,是一本讲述企业从优秀到卓越的过程和方法的经典之作。
书籍通过研究和分析一些企业的成功模式,揭示出了企业成功的关键因素和培养卓越企业所需要的一系列要素。
在这本书中,作者通过大量的实例和数据来对比分析,探讨了多个级别企业在卓越方面的做法和方法,为广大管理者提供了很好的启示和参考。
首先,本书明确了卓越企业的概念。
在吉姆·柯林斯的专业背景下,讲述企业的方方面面和经验。
他通过对历史上九十多家企业的梳理和筛选,探讨了卓越企业的经营方式与普通企业存在巨大差别的方面,帮助读者更加清晰地理解卓越企业的特点。
在此基础上,柯林斯从管理人员到组织文化等各个方面解读了企业成功的因素和做法,为读者提供了一个具有系统性的企业管理理论体系。
作者指出了企业管理要点,包括:好的领导力、完善的组织结构制度、高效的内部管理和高品质的服务,以及看似微小却不可或缺的诸如品牌、文化、战略等方面,倡导企业从深层次的价值观、经营行为、业务战略和文化传承等多个维度全面提升。
其次,本书也着重探讨了企业与人才的关系。
作者指出,优秀的企业与良好的组织文化密不可分,深厚的文化机制能够吸引到提高组织效率与效能的人才。
而一个人才优秀的组织文化,也会有利于塑造成长之路,从而坚定人才留在企业的信心。
再次,本书提出了“环比”理论,从不同层次对企业的生存与发展提出了全新的见解。
环比理论在公司发展的不同阶段给出了不同的建议和对策,从企业创立、成长、成熟到衰退等各个阶段,对企业可能遇到的不同问题和应对策略进行深入解析。
通过深入研究成功的企业,柯林斯总结出了一些通用的管理思想,为广大企业家提供了衡量企业成功的指标和具体操作方式,倡导企业家进一步思考、总结和运用实践,从而不断提升经营效益。
最后,本书对于企业家和管理者有着很好的帮助,他们能够在书中找到很多关于企业管理的经验和成功策略。
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Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
第5级:第5级经 级 级经
5 4 3 2 1
理人——将个人的 将个人的 理人 谦逊品质和职业化 的坚定意志相结合, 的坚定意志相结合, 建立持续的卓越业 绩。
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
MBA MBA
意外发现
• 从公司外请进来的被奉若神明的名人领导与实现从优 秀到卓越的过程呈负相关。 家实现跨越的公司中 家实现跨越的公司中, 秀到卓越的过程呈负相关 。 11家实现跨越的公司中, 家的首席执行官是从公司内部提拔的。 有 10家的首席执行官是从公司内部提拔的。 对照公司 家的首席执行官是从公司内部提拔的 向外部求援的次数,是实现跨越的公司的6倍还要多 倍还要多。 向外部求援的次数,是实现跨越的公司的 倍还要多。 • 第5级经理人将他们的成功大部分归结为运气,而不是 级经理人将他们的成功大部分归结为运气, 级经理人将他们的成功大部分归结为运气 个人的卓越能力。 个人的卓越能力。 • 在研究中,我们并未刻意寻找第 级经理人或类似的东 在研究中,我们并未刻意寻找第5级经理人或类似的东 但是数据却势不可挡,极具说服力。 西 , 但是数据却势不可挡 , 极具说服力 。 这一理念是 一个经验性的,而非意识形态性的发现。 一个经验性的,而非意识形态性的发现。
• 看看这种情况:非同寻常的业绩摆在那儿,可 看看这种情况:非同寻常的业绩摆在那儿, 是没有人出来“认领”这份功劳。如果是这样, 是没有人出来“认领”这份功劳。如果是这样, 极有可能有一个具有潜力的第5 极有可能有一个具有潜力的第 5 级经理人在发 挥着作用。 挥着作用。
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
第4级:坚强有力 级
5 4 3 2 1
的领导者——全身 全身 的领导者 心投入、 心投入、执著追求 清晰可见、催人奋 清晰可见、 发的远景, 发的远景,向更高 业绩标准努力。 业绩标准努力。
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
第3级:富有实力 级
5 4 3 2 1
间接对照
Burroughs Chrysler Harris Hasbro Rubbermaid Teledyne
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
雅培公司 电器城公司 联邦国民抵押协会 吉列公司 金佰利-克拉克 金佰利 克拉克 克罗格公司 纳科尔公司 菲利普莫里斯 皮特尼鲍斯公司 沃尔格林公司 富国银行
MBA MBA
• 第 5级经理人朝窗外看 , 把成功归于别的因素 , 级经理人朝窗外看, 级经理人朝窗外看 把成功归于别的因素, 而非他们自己。当业绩不佳时, 而非他们自己。当业绩不佳时,他们看着镜子 里,责备自己,承担所有的责任。 责备自己,承担所有的责任。
• 而对照公司的首席执行官们则相反 而对照公司的首席执行官们则相反——成功时 成功时 他们看着镜子里居功自傲, 他们看着镜子里居功自傲,业绩不佳时则向窗 外看,埋怨别人。 外看,埋怨别人。
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
从优秀到卓越
1. 从公司之外请来的被奉若神明的名人做领导, 从公司之外请来的被奉若神明的名人做领导, 往往对公司从优秀到卓越的跨越过程起消极 作用。 作用。 2. 经理人的薪酬结构跟推动公司经营业绩无关。 经理人的薪酬结构跟推动公司经营业绩无关。 3. 实现跨越的公司在制定长期战略上花的时间 并不比别的公司更多。 并不比别的公司更多。 4. 技术以及技术推动的变革,实际上并不能激 技术以及技术推动的变革, 发从优秀到卓越的跨越。 发从优秀到卓越的跨越。
的经理人——组织 组织 的经理人 人力和资源, 人力和资源,高效 地朝既定目标前进。 地朝既定目标前进。
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
第2级:乐于奉献 级
5 4 3 2 1
的团队成员——为 为 的团队成员 实现集体目标贡献 个人才智,与团队 个人才智, 成员通力合作。 成员通力合作。
MBA MBA
从优秀到卓越
James C. Collins
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
公司选美, 名佳丽入围 名佳丽入围! 公司选美,11名佳丽入围!
雅培公司( 雅培公司(Abbott) ) 电器城公司( 电器城公司(Circuit City) ) 联邦国民抵押协会( 联邦国民抵押协会(Fannie Mae) ) 吉列公司( 吉列公司(Gillette) ) 金佰利-克拉克 克拉克( 金佰利 克拉克(Kimberly-Clark) ) 克罗格公司( 克罗格公司(Kroger) ) 纳科尔公司( 纳科尔公司(Nucor) ) 菲利普莫里斯( 菲利普莫里斯(Philip Morris) ) 皮特尼鲍斯公司( 皮特尼鲍斯公司(Pitney Bowes) ) 沃尔格林公司( 沃尔格林公司(Walgreens) ) 富国银行( 富国银行(Wells Fargo) ) 3.98 18.50 7.56 7.39 3.42 4.17 5.16 7.06 7.16 7.34 3.99 (1974-1989) (1982-1997) (1984-1999) (1980-1995) (1972-1987) (1973-1988) (1975-1990) (1964-1979) (1973-1988) (1975-1990) (1983-1998)
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
从优秀到卓越的七大乐章
级经理人; 第5级经理人; 级经理人 先人后事; 先人后事; 直面残酷的现实(而不失去信念); 直面残酷的现实(而不失去信念); 刺猬理念; 刺猬理念; 训练有素的文化; 训练有素的文化; 技术加速器; 技术加速器; 飞轮与厄运之轮。 飞轮与厄运之轮。
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
德鲁克论高层管理者的人品
• 如果一个企业有良好风气,那是因为这个企业 如果一个企业有良好风气, 的最高管理层风气良好。如果一个企业腐败, 的最高管理层风气良好。如果一个企业腐败, 那是因为企业的最高管理层腐败。 常言道: 那是因为企业的最高管理层腐败 。 常言道 : 树从树梢开始枯死” “树从树梢开始枯死”。 • 在任命高层管理人员时,再怎么强调人的品德 在任命高层管理人员时, 也不会过分。 也不会过分。 • 除非管理层希望某个人的品质成为他的所有下 属学习的典范,否则就不应该提拔这个人。 属学习的典范,否则就不应该提拔这个人。
MBA MBA
• 第 5级经理人表现出一种令人折服的谦虚 。 他 级经理人表现出一种令人折服的谦虚。 级经理人表现出一种令人折服的谦虚 们都不爱抛头露面,保持低调。相反, 对照 们都不爱抛头露面,保持低调。相反,2/3对照 公司的领导都有很强的自我意识, 公司的领导都有很强的自我意识,导致了公司 的毁灭或持续平庸。 的毁灭或持续平庸。
• 第 5级经理人培养接班人 , 为公司以后取得更 级经理人培养接班人, 级经理人培养接班人 大的成功做好铺垫, 而以自我为中心的第4级 大的成功做好铺垫 , 而以自我为中心的第 级 经理人物色的接班人却导致公司的失败。 经理人物色的接班人却导致公司的失败。
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
• 在近代史上最具破坏性的一种潮流就是选择令 人目眩神迷的名人做首席执行官, 人目眩神迷的名人做首席执行官,而不选择第 5级经理人(这在董事会中尤为常见)。 级经理人(这在董事会中尤为常见) 级经理人
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
• 第 5级经理人表现出一种工人式的勤劳 级经理人表现出一种工人式的勤劳——比 级经理人表现出一种工人式的勤劳 比 起表演的马,他们更像拉犁的马。 起表演的马,他们更像拉犁的马。
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
对照公司名单
实现跨越的公司 直接对照
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Upjohn Silo Great Western Warner-Lambert Scott Paper A& P Bethlehem Steel R. J. Reynolds Addressograph Eckerd Bank of America 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
• 我相信具有潜力的第 级经理人就在我们周围, 我相信具有潜力的第5级经理人就在我们周围 , 级经理人就在我们周围 只要我们懂得如何寻找, 只要我们懂得如何寻找,很多人都具有成为第 5级经理人的潜力。 级经理人的潜力。 级经理人的潜力
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Lecturer: Xingfu ZHANG, Ph.D.
MBA MBA
• 在转变的关键时期,每个实现跨越的公司都拥 在转变的关键时期, 有一批第5级经理人 级经理人。 有一批第 级经理人。 • “第5级经理人”,指的是在经理人能力的 层 级经理人” 指的是在经理人能力的5层 级经理人 体系中, 位于最高层的经理人。 体系中 , 位于最高层的经理人 。 第 5级经理人 级经理人 体现了一个自相矛盾的混合体: 体现了一个自相矛盾的混合体:谦逊的个性和 坚定的意志。他们个个都有雄心壮志, 坚定的意志。他们个个都有雄心壮志,但他们 把公司的,而非他们自己的利益放在第一位。 把公司的,而非他们自己的利益放在第一位。