【全国百强校】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2015届高三5月一模理科综合试题
2015届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三5月一模理科综合试题及答案
雅礼中学理科综合能力测试试题（5月1模）注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
时量150分钟，满分300分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
2.回答选择题时，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮檫擦干净后，再选涂其他的答案标号。
写在本试题卷及草稿纸上无效。
3. 第Ⅱ卷33－40题为选考题，其他题为必考题。
考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上，回答非选择题时，用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将答案按题号写在答题卡上。
在本试卷上答题无效。
4.考试结束时，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量：Na-23， N-14，O-16，C-12 H-1第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共21小题，每小题6分，共126分)一、选择题(本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.细胞或细胞的部分结构、成分有”骨架或支架”之说，下列有关叙述正确的是( )A.真核细胞中有维持细胞形态的细胞骨架，细胞骨架与物质运输无关B.磷脂双分子层构成了细胞膜的基本支架，其他生物膜无此基本支架C.DNA分子中的脱氧核糖和磷酸交替连接，排列在处侧构成基本骨架D.生物大分子以单体为骨架，每一个单体都以碳原子构成的碳链为基本骨架答案：C解析：原创题，抓住“骨架”一关键词，把细胞内微梁（管）系统、生物膜的基本结构、DNA双螺旋结构及生物大分子等知识紧密联系在一起构成一道综合题，意在考查书上小字及难理解的黑体字，避免在此处出现盲区。
“真核细胞中有维持细胞形态、保持细胞内部结构有序性的细胞骨架，细胞骨架与细胞运动、分裂、分化以及物质运输、能量转换、信息传递等生命活动密切相关”。
这句话来自书上47页的小体字，高考出题“出其不意”，告诉学生要重视书上的小体字；生物大分子不是以单体为骨架（单体是基本单位），而是“以碳链为骨架”，引号内的话是书上的标题；“每一个单体都以碳原子构成的碳链为基本骨架”，这句话是标题下的黑体字，理解为：单体都以碳原子构成的碳链为基本骨架，生物大分子由单体构成，因此生物大分子以碳链为骨架。
2015年全国高考理综试题及答案-湖南卷
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I卷）理科综合能力侧试一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.下列叙述错误．．的是A.DNA与ATP中所含元素的种类相同B.一个tRNA分子中只有一个反密码子C.T2噬菌体的核酸由脱氧核糖核苷酸组成D.控制细菌性状的基因位于拟核和线粒体中的DNA上2. 下列关于植物生长素的叙述,错误．．的是A.植物幼嫩叶片中的色氨酸可转变为生长素B.成熟茎韧皮部中的生长素可以进行非极性运输C.幼嫩细胞和成熟细胞对生长素的敏感程度相同D.豌豆幼苗切段中乙烯的合成受生长素浓度的影响3. 某同学给健康实验兔静脉滴注0.9%的NaCl溶液(生理盐水)20mL后，会出现的现象是A.输入的溶液会从血浆进入组织液B.细胞内液和细胞外液分别增加10mLC.细胞内液Na+的增加远大于细胞外液Na+的增加D.输入的Na+中50%进入细胞内液,50%分布在细胞外液4. 下列关于初生演替中草本阶段和灌木阶段的叙述，正确的是A.草本阶段与灌木阶段群落的丰富度相同B.草本阶段比灌木阶段的群落空间结构复杂C.草本阶段比灌木阶段的群落自我调节能力强D.草本阶段为灌木阶段的群落形成创造了适宜环境5. 人或动物PrP基因编码一种蛋白(PrP c),该蛋白无致病性。
PrP c的空间结构改变后成为PrP Bc(朊粒)，就具有了致病性。
PrP Bc可以诱导更多PrP c的转变为PrP Bc，实现朊粒的增——可以引起疯牛病.据此判——下列叙述正确的是A.朊粒侵入机体后可整合到宿主的基因组中B.朊粒的增殖方式与肺炎双球菌的增殖方式相同C.蛋白质空间结构的改变可以使其功能发生变化D. PrP c转变为PrP Bc的过程属于遗传信息的翻译过程6. 抗维生素D佝偻病为X染色体显性遗传病，短指为常染色体显性遗传病，红绿色盲为X染色体隐性遗传病，白化病为常染色体隐性遗传病。
【全国百强校】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2015届高三5月(二模)数学(理)试题
1、复数=-+i i123 （ A ） A ．i 2521+ B ．i 2521- C ．i 2521+- D ．i 2521--2、有一个容量为200的样本，其频率分布直方图如图所示，据图估计，样本数据在[)8,10内的频数为（A ）38 （B ）57 （C ）76 （D ）95 【答案】C3、设函数()sin(2)3f x x π=+，则下列结论正确的是（ D ）①()f x 的图象关于直线3x π=对称； ②()f x 的图象关于点(,0)4π对称；③()f x 的图象向左平移12π个单位，得到一个偶函数的图象；④()f x 的最小正周期为π，且在[0,]6π上为增函数．A. ①③ B . ②④ C. ①③④ D . ③4. 某产品的总成本y （万元）与产量x （台）之间的函数关系式是23000200.1y x x =+-()0240,x x N *<<∈，若每台产品的售价为25万元，则生产者不亏本时（即销售收入不小于总成本）的最低产量是（ ）A.100台B.120台C.150台D.180台 【答案】C5、一个几何体的三视图如下左图所示，则该几何体的表面积为 （ A ）A ．226++ B.326++ C.223++ D.323++6、上右图中的程序框图所描述的算法称为欧几里得辗转相除法．若输入121,209==n m ，则输出m 的值为 （ B ） A.10 B.11 C.12 D.137、若在231(3)2nx x-的展开式中含有常数项，则正整数n 取得最小值时的常数项为（ C ） A ．1352- B ． 135- C ．1352D ．1358、设11cos ,sin ,a xdx b xdx ==⎰⎰下列关系式成立的是（ A ）A. a b >B. 1a b +<C. a b <D. 1a b +=9、下列四个命题中1p :()0,x ∃∈+∞，1123xx⎛⎫⎛⎫< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭；2p :()0,1x ∃∈，1123log log x x >；3p :()0,x ∀∈+∞，1123xx⎛⎫⎛⎫< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭；4p :10,3x ⎛⎫∀∈ ⎪⎝⎭，131log 2xx ⎛⎫< ⎪⎝⎭.其中真命题是( D )A. 13,p pB. 14,p pC. 23,p pD. 24,p p10、已知函数()()2ln 1f x a x x =+-在区间()1,2内任取两个实数,,p q p q ≠且，不等式()()111f p f q p q+-+<-恒成立，则实数a 的取值范围为（ A ）A . 15a ≤ B. 15a <≤0 C. 6a > D.3a <-11、如图，O 的两条弦AB ，CD 相交于圆内一点P ，若PA PB =，2,8,4PC PD OP ===，则该圆的半径长为 ．答案：2412、在直角坐标系xoy 中，曲线1C 的参数方程为cos sin x ay a =⎧⎨=⎩（a 为参数），以原点O 为极点，x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，曲线2C 的极坐标方程为sin 4ρθ=.设P 为曲线1C 上的动点，则点P 到2C 上点的距离的最小值为答案：313、若关于x 的不等式13x x m ++-≥的解集为R ，则m 的取值范围为 答案：4m ≤14、设变量,x y 满足⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥-+≥-≤-+030201825y x y x y x ，若直线20kx y -+=经过该可行域，则k 的最大值为答案：115、已知双曲线22221x y a b-=(0,0)a b >>的两条渐近线与抛物线22y px =(0)p >的准线分别交于A ,B 两点,O 为坐标原点. 若双曲线的离心率为2,ABO ∆的面积为3, 则p 的值 答案：216、在△ABC 和△AEF 中，B 是EF 的中点，AB =EF =1，BC =6，33=CA ，若2=⋅+⋅AF AC AE AB ，则EF 与BC 的夹角的余弦值等于答案：23解：因为2=⋅+⋅AF AC AE AB ，所以2)()(=+⋅++⋅BF AB AC BE AB AB ，即22=⋅+⋅+⋅+BF AC AB AC BE AB AB 。
2015年湖南省高考理科综合试题与答案
2015年湖南省高考理科综合试题与答案本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共40题，共300分。
注意事项：1.答题前，现将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2.选择题必须使用2Ｂ铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔记清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无线；再猜告知、试题卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 CL 35.5 K 39 Fe 56 Cu 64 Cr 52 Br80 Ag 108 I 127第I卷一.选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1. 下列叙述错误．．的是A.DNA与ATP中所含元素的种类相同B.一个tRNA分子中只有一个反密码子C.T2噬菌体的核酸由脱氧核糖核苷酸组成D.控制细菌性状的基因位于拟核和线粒体中的DNA上2. 下列关于植物生长素的叙述,错误．．的是A.植物幼嫩叶片中的色氨酸可转变为生长素B.成熟茎韧皮部中的生长素可以进行非极性运输C.幼嫩细胞和成熟细胞对生长素的敏感程度相同D.豌豆幼苗切段中乙烯的合成受生长素浓度的影响3. 某同学给健康实验兔静脉滴注0.9%的NaCl溶液(生理盐水)20mL后，会出现的现象是A.输入的溶液会从血浆进入组织液B.细胞内液和细胞外液分别增加10mLC.细胞内液Na+的增加远大于细胞外液Na+的增加D.输入的Na+中50%进入细胞内液,50%分布在细胞外液4. 下列关于初生演替中草本阶段和灌木阶段的叙述，正确的是A.草本阶段与灌木阶段群落的丰富度相同B.草本阶段比灌木阶段的群落空间结构复杂C.草本阶段比灌木阶段的群落自我调节能力强D.草本阶段为灌木阶段的群落形成创造了适宜环境5. 人或动物PrP基因编码一种蛋白(PrP c),该蛋白无致病性。
2015高考理科综合全真模拟卷参考答案
2015届高中毕业生五月调研考试理科综合评分标准一、选择题：本大题共13小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
一项符合题目要求，第18～21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
必须做答。
第33题～第40题为选考题，考生根据要求做答。
（一）必考题（共129分）22.（5分）(2)mg (s 2＋s 3＋s 4)（2分）⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+2212544421T s s T s s m （2分） (3)pkp E E E ∆∆-∆或kkp E E E ∆∆-∆（1分）23.（10分） 6.0 （2分）(1)电路图如图所示。
（2分）(2)2122I I r I -（2分） (3) 5.663（5.661~5.665） （2分）(4) LRa 16332 （2分）24.（14分）（1）电动车提供的机械功率为 P = UI ×75%…………………………（1分）且 P = F 牵v 0 ………………………………（1分）最大速度行驶时匀速，则：f = F 牵………………………………（1分） 代入数据得：f = F 牵 = 72 N …………………………………（1分） （2）匀速阶段：t 1 = 4 s 内，位移为s 1 = v 0t 1 = 40 m ……………………（1分） 滑行阶段：t 2 = 8 s 内，加速度a 2 =－f /m =－0.72 m/s 2…………（1分） 末速度为 v 2 = v 0＋a 2t 1 = 4.24 m/s ……………………（1分）位移为s 2 =v 0+v 12t 2 = 56.96 m …………………………（1分） 刹车阶段：t 3 = 2 s ……………………………………………（1分） a 3 =－v 2 / t 3 =－2.12 m/s 2 ………………………………（1分） －Δf －f = m a 3 …………………………………………（1分） Δf =－( m a 3＋f )= 140 N …………………………………（1分） （3）刹车阶段：s 3 =v 2+02 t 3= 4.24 m ……………………………………（1分） 总位移s = s 1＋s 2＋s 3 = 101.2 m ………………………………………（1分） 25.（18分） 解：（1）设粒子经过时间t 0打在A 点沿＋x 方向有L = v 0t 0 ……………………………………………（2分） 沿＋y 方向有 L = 12 E 0q m t 02……………………………………（2分）解得 q m = 2v 02E 0L …………………………………………………（2分）（2）粒子通过电场的时间t =2Lv 0= 2T …………………………………………………………（1分） 分析：从t = 0时刻开始，粒子在电场中运动时，每个场强变化周期的前1/4时间内的加速度大小a 1 =3Eqm， 沿＋y 方向；在每个场强变化周期的后3/4时间内加速度大小a 2 = Eqm，沿－y 方向。
湖南省2015届高三高考仿真模拟卷理综试题及答案
湖南省2015届高三高考仿真理科综合能力试题时量：150分钟总分：300分注意事项：1．本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共16页。
时量150分钟，满分300分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和本试题卷上。
2．回答选择题时，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在本试题卷和草稿纸上无效。
3．回答非选择题时，用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将答案按题号写在答题卡上。
写在本试题卷和草稿纸上无效。
4．考试结束时，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H-l C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 S-32第Ⅰ卷选择题（共2 1小题，每小题6分，共126分）一、选择题（本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．下列叙述正确的是A.在花生子叶薄片上滴加苏丹Ⅲ染液，若发现满视野都呈现橘黄色，可以滴1～2滴50%盐酸洗去浮色B．人体用于维持体温的热能来自于A TP水解释放的能量C．用透气的消毒纱布包扎伤口可抑制破伤风芽孢杆菌增殖D．紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞发生质壁分离复原过程中，液泡里的色素渗透出细胞导致细胞液颜色变浅2．对下列图中有关的生物学意义的描述正确的是A．甲图若在c点切断，则刺激b点后，a点会兴奋，肌肉会收缩B．乙图人体物质交换中体内细胞与B间不能直接进行物质交换，体内细胞与A之间才能直接进行物质交换C．丙图中，对向光弯曲的植物而言，若茎背光侧为B对应的生长素浓度，则茎向光侧不可能为C 对应的浓度D．图丁中靶细胞裂解与效应T细胞内的溶酶体有关3．下图1表示胰岛素浓度与血糖的补充速率和消耗速率之间的关系，图2表示描述某种生命活动的模型。
下列相关分析错误的是A．曲线甲表示血糖的补充速率，曲线乙表示血糖的消耗速率B．胰岛素作用于肝脏、肌肉等细胞导致曲线甲上升C．若E为调节中枢，a为血糖浓度下降，则b、c可分别代表胰高血糖素和肾上腺素分泌增加D．若E为神经中枢，a为渗透压升高，则b、c可分别代表抗利尿激素释放增加和产生渴觉4．如图表示在采用不同网目（网眼直径）和不同捕捞强度时对大西洋鳕鱼捕获量的影响。
【数学】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2015届高三5月一模(理)
2015年雅礼中学高三数学第一次模拟考试时量120分钟,满分150分.一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 已知复数(为虚数单位)，是的共轭复数，则的值为（ B ） A. 1 B.C. D.2. 命题“存在，使”的否定是（A ）A. 对任意，都有B. 对，都有C. 存在，使D. 存在，使 3. 设随机变量，则（ D ） A ．0.4B ．0.5C ．0.6D ．0.74．已知x ，y 满足的最大值是最小值的4倍，则的值是（ B ）A ．B ．C ．D ．4 5. 双曲线的一个顶点到一条渐近线的距离为，则双曲线的离心率为（ D ）A. B. C.D. 6. 五个人坐成一排，甲要和乙坐在一起，乙不和丙坐在一起，则不同排法数为（ C ） A ．12 B ．24 C ．36 D ．487. 如图所示的程序框图运行结束后，输出的集合中包含的元素个数为（ A ）i z -=1i z z z1222122≥x 42≥x 2≥x 42<x 2<x 42≥x 2≥x 42<x 2<x 42≥x ()()()2~,1=2=0.3N P P ξμσξξ<->，且()21=P <+ξμ22y xx y z x y x a ≥⎧⎪+≤=+⎨⎪≥⎩，且a 341421122221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>2a 223332A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6 8. 已知数列为等比数列，且，则的值为( C )A ．B ．C ．D ．9. 某三棱锥的正视图如图所示，则这个三棱锥的俯视图不可能．．．是（ C ）A B C D10.已知函数,则函数的零点个数不可能是（D ）A ．0B ．1C ．2D ．3 二、填空题：本大题共6小题，考生作答5小题，每小题5分，共25分. （一）选做题：在11,12,13三题中任选两题作答，如果全做，则按前两题记分.11.如图，圆A 与圆B 交于C 、D 两点，圆心B 在圆A 上，DE 为圆B的直径。
【全国百强校】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2015届高三5月一模物理试题
二、选择题(本题共8小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～18小题只有一项符合题目要求，第19～21小题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错或不选的得0分)14. 低碳环保是我们现代青年追求的生活方式。
如图所示，是一个用来研究静电除尘的实验装置，处于强电场中的空气分子会被电离为电子和正离子，当铝板与手摇起电机的正极相连，缝被针与手摇起电机的负极相连，在铝板和缝被针中间放置点燃的蚊香。
转动手摇起电机，蚊香放出的烟雾会被电极吸附，停止转动手摇起电机，蚊香的烟雾又会袅袅上升。
关于这个现象，下列说法中正确的是：( )A ．烟尘因为带正电而被吸附到缝被针上B ．同一烟尘颗粒在被吸附过程中离铝板越近速度越大C ．同一烟尘颗粒在被吸附过程中离铝板越近速度越小D ．同一烟尘颗粒在被吸附过程中如果带电量不变，离铝板越近则加速度越大15．如图所示，质量相等的A 、B 两物体在平行于固定斜面的推力F的作用下，沿光滑斜面做匀速直线运动，A 、B 间轻弹簧的劲度系数为k ，斜面的倾角为30°，则匀速运动时弹簧的压缩量为( )A.F kB.F 3kC.F 2kD.F 4k16．2014年3月8日凌晨马航客机失联后，西安卫星测控中心紧急调动海洋、风云、高分、遥感4个型号近10颗卫星，为地面搜救提供技术支持。
特别是“高分一号”突破了空间分辨率、多光谱与大覆盖面积相结合的大量关键技术。
如图为“高分一号”与北斗导航系统两颗卫星在空中某一面内运动的示意图。
“北斗”系统中两颗卫星“G1”和“G3”以及“高分一号”均可认为绕地心O 做匀速圆周运动。
卫星“G1”和“G3”的轨道半径为r ，某时刻两颗工作卫星分别位于轨道上的A 、B 两位置，“高分一号”在C 位置。
若卫星均顺时针运行，地球表面处的重力加速度为g ，地球半径为R ，不计卫星间的相互作用力。
则以下说法正确的是A ．卫星“G1”和“G3”的加速度大小相等均为B ．如果调动“高分一号”卫星快速到达B 位置的下方，必须对其减速C ．“高分一号”是低轨道卫星，其所在高度有稀薄气体，运行一段时间后，高度会降低，速度增大，机械能会减小D ．卫星“”由位置A 运动到位置B 17．如图所示，一根细绳的上端系在Ｏ点，下端系一个重球Ｂ，放在粗糙的斜面体Ａ上。
2015届高三5月模拟考试(二)理科综合试题及答案
2015年高考模拟试题(二)理科综合2015．5 本试卷分第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共17页。
满分300分。
考试用时150分钟。
答题前，请将答题卡第l、3面左上方的姓名、座号、考生号等项目填写清楚，用右手食指在第1面座号后指定位置按手印，并将答题卡第2、4面左上方的姓名、座号按要求填写正确。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷(选择题，共107分)注意事项：1．第I卷共20小题，1～13题每小题5分，14～20题每小题6分，共107分。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再涂写在其答案标号上。
不涂答题卡，只答在试卷上不得分。
以下数据可供答题时参考：相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 O 16 S 32 Cl 35.5 Na 23 Fe 56 Pb 207一、选择题(本题包括13小题，每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1．下列对细胞成分与结构的相关叙述，正确的是A．酶、激素、神经递质作用后都会立即被分解B．核糖体、染色体、酶都可能含有五碳糖C．受体、脂质、酶都具有特异性识别作用D．线粒体膜、ADP、氨基酸都含N和P元素2．研究发现小鼠大脑有“内置GPS”系统，是由大脑海马区的“网格细胞”和内嗅皮层的“定位细胞”形成神经网络回路，能精确定位和寻找路径的综合定位系统。
下列说法正确的是A．“网格细胞”与“定位细胞”形成的神经网络回路是一个反射弧B．“网格细胞”上兴奋的传导是双向的，它与长期记忆的形成有关C．小鼠觅食返回时，两类细胞的Na+大量外流产生兴奋D．两类神经细胞能与其他细胞形成较多突触，并能释放信号分子3．野生型拟南芥发生单基因突变形成突变型个体，其细胞内赤霉素(GA)含量降低，GA通过影响脱落酸(ABA)来影响种子萌发。
对两种类型的拟南芥进行耐盐、耐干旱实验和种子萌发实验，结果如图所示。
下列分析错误的是A．高盐和干旱处理后，突变型的存活率更高B．GA含量降低可能使细胞液渗透压升高C．野生型的种子萌发对外源ABA的敏感性高于突变型D．拟南芥种子萌发受GA和ABA两种激素的共同调节4．下列与实验相关的叙述，正确的是A．用取样器取样法可调查农田土壤小动物的丰富度B．用成熟的红细胞作实验材料，可制备较纯净的细胞膜C．以过氧化氢酶为材料，可探究温度对酶活性的影响D．在30％的蔗糖溶液中，不同部位的洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞质壁分离程度相同5．小鼠有甲、乙两种遗传病分别由基因A、a和B、b控制，其遗传家系图如下。
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2015届高三第一次月考物理试题(解析版)DOC
长沙市雅礼中学2015届高三第一次月考物理试题分值：100分 时量：90分钟一、 选择题(本大题共12个小题, 每小题4分,共48分，1-8题为单项选择题，9-12题为多项选择题,全部选对的得4分，选对但不选全的得2分，有错选的得0分) 1．三个质点A 、B 、C 均由N 点沿不同路径运动至M 点，运动轨迹如图1所示，三个质点同时从N 点出发，同时到达M 点，下列说法正确的是 ( ) A ．三个质点从N 点到M 点的平均速度相同 B ．三个质点任意时刻的速度方向都相同C ．三个质点从N 点出发到任意时刻的平均速度都相同D ．三个质点从N 点到M 点的路程相同解析：位移是指从初位置指向末位置的有向线段，在任意时刻，三个质点的位移方向不同，只有均到达M 点后，位移方向相同，故C 错误，D 正确；根据平均速度的定义式v ＝ΔxΔt 可知，三个质点从N 点到M 点的平均速度相同，A 正确；质点的速度方向沿轨迹的切线方向，故三个质点的速度方向不会在任意时刻都相同，B 错误。
答案：A2．有一种大型游戏器械，它是一个圆筒型容器，筒壁竖直，游客进入容器后靠筒壁站立。
当圆筒开始转动后，转速加快到一定程度时，突然地板塌落，游客发现自己没有落下去，这是因为 （ ） A ．游客处于超重状态 B ．游客处于失重状态 C ．游客受到的摩擦力等于重力 D ．筒壁对游客的支持力等于重力【答案】C解析：因为游客在竖直方向受到平衡力的作用3．从高度为h 处以水平速度v 0抛出一个物体，要使该物体的落地速度与水平地面的夹角较大，则h 与v 0的取值应为下列四组中的哪一组( ) A ．h ＝30 m ，v 0＝10 m/s B ．h ＝30 m ，v 0＝30 m/s C ．h ＝50 m ，v 0＝30 m/s D ．h ＝50 m ，v 0＝10 m/s解析：选D 要使落地速度与水平方向夹角较大，应使tan θ＝v y v 0＝2gh v 0中θ较大，应使自由下落的高度h 较大，同时使水平速度v 0较小，故选项D 正确。
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2015届高三5月一模英语试卷
本试卷分为四个部分，包括听力、语言知识运用、阅读和书面表达。
时量120分钟。
满分150分。
PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 marks)（略）PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. Accustomed to climbing trees, ______.A. I had no difficulty reaching the topB. reaching the top was not hard to me at allC. the top was not difficult for me to reachD. to reach the top was not a problem22. Tobacco taxes prevent people from taking up the habit as teens, _____ is when nearly all smokers are addicted.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which23. US forces will be out of the country by the time Obama _____ office in 2017.A. leavesB. will leaveC. will have leftD. is going to leave24. The man , _____ to have studied in US for 8 years, is coming to give us a lecture next Monday.A. saying B to say C. says D. said25. Do you know ___they are getting on well with their study?A. whetherB. howC. whatD. when26. –What about today’s temperature?-- It’s the same as, if the weather report is exact as usual, ___ of yester day.A. oneB. itC. thatD. what27.--When did you decide to be a doctor?--Let’s see. I am twenty, and I ____to be one since ten years ago.A. have wantedB. wantedC. had been wantingD. was wanting28. The violin will have to be carefully tuned before it ____.A. can be playedB. is being playedC. should playD. plays29. ____ that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.A. The storm was such severeB. So severe was the stormC. So was the severe stormD. Such was the storm severe30. Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____in the past.A. not being takenB. didn’t takeC. were not takenD. haven’t taken31. Just before they landed, the hostess suggested ____ his passport ready.A. Jack to haveB. Jack hadC. Jack haveD. Jack would have32. A study found that young men were more likely than young women ____ depression given the same amount of media use.A. had developedB. developingC. to developD. developed33. This is not a good plant for your garden ____ its seeds are poisonous.A. whileB. so thatC. in caseD. in that34. Knowing how to think clearly and to speak correctly____ one confidence.A. giveB. givesC. has givenD. is given35. President Barack Obama announced plans for bringing America’s longest war to ______ he called a responsible end.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whereSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Night after night, she came to tuck (将棉被盖好) me in, even long after my childhood years. Following her longstanding 36 , she'd lean down and push my long hair out of the way, then kiss my forehead.I don't remember when it first started 37 me---her hands pushing my hair that way. But it did annoy me, for they felt work-worn and 38 against my young skin. Finally, one night, I shouted out at her, "Don't do that anymore----your hands are too rough!" She didn't say anything in reply. But never again did my mother 39 out my day with that familiar expression of her love.Time after time; with the passing years, my thoughts returned to that night. By then I missed my mother's 40 , missed her goodnight kiss on my forehead. Sometimes the incident 41 very close, sometimes far away. But always it lurked (潜伏), in the back of my mind.Well, the years have passed, and I'm not a little girl anymore. Mom is in her mid-seventies, and those hands I once thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my 42 . She's been our doctor, reaching into a medicine case for the treatment to 43 a young girl's stomach or relieve the boy's scraped (擦伤) knee. She cooks the best fried chicken in the world …gets 44 out of blue jeans....Now, my own children am grown and gone. Mom no longer has Dad, and on 45 occasions, I find myself drown next door to spend the night with her. So it was late on Thanksgiving Eve. As I slept in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand hesitantly 46 my face to brush the hair from my forehead. Then a kiss, ever so 47 , touched my brow.36. A. thought B. track C. advice D. custom37. A. annoying B. disappointing C. delighting D. interesting38. A. warm B. cold C. rough D. comfortable39. A. let B. close C. make D. work40. A. hands B. kiss C. face D. hair41. A. tasted B. sounded C. looked D. seemed42. A. husband B. family C. son D. daughter43. A. wash B. overcome C. calm D. affect44. A. brands B. stripes C. colors D. stains45. A. forgetful B. special C. good D. complex46. A. came out B. came across C. ran across D. ran out47. A. gently B. suddenly C. heavily D. deliberately Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using ONE word that fits the context.During my childhood many years ago，a hero was pictured in my mind as the strong and thepowerful ，such as a superman, but 48 time goes by and my knowledge grows wider, the definition of a hero changes 49 a superman to Jesus Christ. In my opinion, a hero should have a modest characteristic，treat others with love and have the ability to change the world.Heroes are also ordinary men 50 they do extraordinary things for others out of the vast love 51 they have in heroes' heart. When God created the world, God gave everyone a lovely heart for a chance to become a hero. 52 people need to do is to spare out the love to become heroes, but this world only has not so 53 heroes.Who doesn't like to give orders to other people? Who likes to be a servant treated like a dog? Everyone wants to get to a higher position. The employee wants to be a manager. The senator(参议员) wants to be the president. The higher status will have 54 stronger power. No one will refuse to own the driver seat. So a hero must have the ability to be in the rank(职位). The hero doesn't have to take the power，but to get to a higher rank is one way to get ability of changing the world. If the hero can not change the world，he is 55 a normal man with a modest characteristic and kind love. Besides, a hero should be ready to help others.PART THREE: READING COMPREHENSIONDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.ACOOL INVENTIONSFor light sleepersMillions of people have trouble falling asleep each night, which is why Light Sleeper was created.Developed in the United Kingdom, Light Sleeper's makers say it can help a person fall asleep and also help a person fall back to sleep after waking up in the middle of the night.Light Sleeper works by projecting (投射) a light onto the ceiling while the person is lying down. The idea is to watch the light, because the light moving in a circle has a relaxing effect.One of the advantages of the product is that it won't disturb other people in the room. The product can be easily moved and will switch itself off after 30 minutes to save power.Stop the snoring (打鼾)Here's a new product designed to slow down the frequency and level of your snoring. The Snore Stopper has a sensitive instrument that will detect when you're snoring. Once it does that, it will send a very mild electronic signal to your wrist. This consequently changes your sleeping position to stop you from snoring. The Snore Stopper; won't cause any damage to your body.Get your true colorsPhotoshop features a pen that will copy the color settings of what you are monitoring onscreen to use as a color in your program. Now an off-line product allows you to pick a color when not using the computer software.The Color Picker is a concept pen. After placing the pen against an object, the user just presses the scan button. Color sensors (感应器) inside the pen send information to a box, which then mixes red, green and blue to produce the desired ink color.Keep it freshMore high technology products are showing up in the kitchen. A new Bagel dome (圆顶形物) advertises that it will keep your baked goods fresher for longer periods of time. The product, which is able to remove air, works for bread rolls, cakes and other perishables. To use it, you just push a button at the top.56. How can Light Sleeper help a person fall asleep?A. Its light makes people feel calm.B. It doesn't make any noise.C. It is fixed on the ceiling.D. Its light moves fast.57. What do we know about the Snore Stopper?A. It will cause slight damage to a person's body.B. It will wake a person up once he starts snoring.C. It can make sure a person doesn't snore all night.D. It can make a person snore less by changing his sleeping position.58. The Color Picker will probably be used while you're .A. using the computerB. drawing picturesC. collecting informationD. designing a program59. The underlined word "perishables" in the last paragraph refers to foods which .A. are easy to keepB. go bad easilyC. are rich in vitaminsD. keep you thin60. It can be learned from the passage that .A. the Color Picker is convenient to useB. Light Sleeper was designed by an AmericanC. the Bagel dome mainly serves as decorationD. few people would like to try the Snore StopperBAmerican kids are taking more tests than ever before, and they're stressed out. Is help on the way? Just the sight of a test booklet makes some kids sweat. For others, it is a blank answer sheet. Then there are the dreaded words, "Take out your Number 2 pencil." All these fill 10-year-old Chelsea Logo with fear. "I start to tap my pencil on the desk," says the fifth grader from Toluca Lake Elementary, near Los Angeles, California. "Then I feel the butterflies in my stomach."Chelsea is not alone. In a recent survey by Kids Health£.org, more than 70% of kids aged 9 to 13 said they worry about tests. It's no wonder. Across the United States, public schools give more than 250 million standardized tests each year.Why do kids have to take so many tests? The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law requires that students in grades 3 through 8 be tested each year. The law's goal is for all students to be at grade level by 2014. Students must pass the tests and meet other requirements or their schoolsmay be shut down.The U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan wants to change NCLB. But that doesn't mean he favors getting rid of tests. Duncan believes tests should be used mainly to evaluate kids' strengths and weaknesses. Tests, Duncan says, should not be used to punish kids or their schools for failure. "The goal is to focus on great teaching and learning," Duncan said.Under NCLB, each state sets its own standards for students to meet. The result, Duncan says, is that states are making the tests easier. To fix this problem, 48 states are now working together to create common standards. "I want to set a high bar for kids, " Duncan says, "so they'll be in great shape to achieve their dreams."Like them or not, tests are here to stay. So how can you handle test nerves? Schools are teaching students to relax through. deep breathing. and stretching (伸展运动) . In Oakland, California, Principal Zarina Ahmad of Piedmont Avenue Elementary leads her students in a cheer to get them excited about learning."Kids are under high pressure," says Ahmad. "There has to be time for kids to be kids. Still, we need tests to help us assess what students have yet to learn."61. The underlined part "the butterflies in my stomach" can be replaced by .A. guiltyB. nervousC. excitingD. proud62. According to the passage, the NCLB law .A. is focusing on teaching methods in schoolsB. is requiring schools to make the tests more difficultC. is trying to make schools be responsible for studentsD. aims to evaluate kids' strengths and weaknesses by means of tests63. We can learn from the passage that Arne Duncan .A. is strongly against testsB. suggests closing some schoolsC. is concerned about students' developmentD. suggests each state set its own standard64. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that .A. it's possible to get rid of testsB. schools have no good way to deal with students' stressC. tests help assess what students have to learnD. schools are aware of students' stress caused by tests65. What would be the best title of the passage?A. Why kids are more stressed than before?B. Kids' tips for test successC. How to deal with test stressD. Put kids to the standardized testCScientists are fond of running the evolutionary clock backward, using DNA analysis and the fossil record to figure out when our ancestors stood straight and split off from the rest of the primate evolutionary tree. But the clock is running forward as well. So where are humans headed? Here's a thoughtless assessment of possible paths, ranging from similar humans to alien-lookinghybrids bred for interstellar (星际的) travel.Different populations of a species have to be separated from each other in order for those populations to diverge into separate species. Populations are increasingly in contact with each other，leading to greater gene-mixing. It's believable that separate species would appear. Evolution is still at work and the trend may well be accelerating. Cultural diversity is fading as human society becomes more interconnected globally.The radical king of evolution moves much more quickly than biological evolution. High-tech improvements are ranging from Supermen, to camera-equipped flying drones（遥控飞机）, to pills that keep soldiers going without sleep or food for days. To date, genetic medicine has focused on therapies that work on only one person at a time. The effects of those therapies aren't carried on to future generations. Tinkering with the germline could conceivably produce a superhuman species in a single generation-but could also conceivably create a race of monsters.Today the rapid pace of cybernetic(计算机控制论的) change has led to worry that artificial intelligence may outpace human’s na tural smarts. In some fields, artificial intelligence has already bested human. We're already making machines that can be assimilated (同化) including artificial limbs, mechanical hearts, and artificial retinas (视网膜).If humans survive long enough, there's one sure way to grow new branches on our evolutionary family tree: by spreading out to other planets. If humans established a permanent settlement on other planets, the radically different living conditions would change the evolutionary equation (方程式) What will be inconceivable millions of years from now? Two intelligent species, human and machine, definitely work together to spread life through the universe.66. Scientists study the evolution according to .A. different populations of a speciesB. DNA analysis and the fossil recordC. cultural diversity and greater gene-mixingD. high-tech enhancements and biological evolution67. Which is NOT true about human beings' evolution?A. New species will appear.B. Human's evolution is faster than biological evolutionC. Cultures will become more colorful.D. The evolution might create a race of monsters.68. What's the meaning of the underlined word "therapies" in Paragraph 3?A. Treatments.B. Diseases.C. Medicines.D. Theories.69. What might bring threat to human beings?A. Supermen.B. Monsters.C. Alien.D. Artificial intelligence.70. Which of the following must happen in the future?A. Humans survive long enough.B. Humans spread out to other planets.C. Human and machine work together.D. Living conditions change the evolutionary equation.PART FOUR WRITING (45 marks)SECTION A (10 marks)Directions：Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using theinformation from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Computers completely rule the life of an average student in any corner of the world in the form of hand-held devices, or printed textbooks (thanks to the use of computers in printing). What follows are some instances of the use of computers in education.Without computers, learning would be restricted within the walls of institutions. Knowledge and education are being empowered, and the best way to make them accessible to everyone is through computers. Working professionals, stay-at-home parents, senior citizens, even curious minds benefit from online education. E-Learning is accessible and people can afford it.We all know how learning about the depth of the Mariana Trench in geography class can be a little boring for young children. However, by introducing the audio-visual method of learning, computers have made education interesting. As communication systems enhance, education will change for the better-computers will make our children more curious, because they know that the answers to their questions are at hand.The Internet is now what once used to be the library. What’s more, it is easier to access, along with being a convenient and fairly reliable source of information.Computers have more or less eliminated paperwork in the administration section of education. Thanks to websites, we can do away with printing brochures, application forms, admission and other administrative documents, resulting in procedures that are cost-effective and environment- friendly.Unfortunately, computer technology has also brought about easier means for students to cheat on their homework. Since most homework is typed, teachers cannot rely on comparing different forms of handwriting. In addition, students can merely copy work from the Internet. So students should make good use of computers and teacher and parents should monitor and educate them too.Anyway, there is no questioning over the impact of computers in education; their usage has completely revolutionized the way education is received, communicated and processed. In the years to come, more changes are expected; changes that will further refine the field of education.SECTION B (10 marks)Directions：Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.World-famous politician and civil rights hero Nelson Mandela died on December 5 at age 95. For many years, Mandela fought to end racial segregation in his home country of South Africa. He became a hero to the many all across the world.In the 1950s, Rolihlahla "Nelson" Mandela became the leader of a group in South Africa called the African National Congress (ANC). The group fought to end racial segregation. This put Mandela at the top of the government’s enemies list. He often had to live in hideouts and wear disguises. Activists like him were often beaten or murdered.Mandela was accused of trying to overthrow the state in 1964 and sentenced to life in prison. But even there Mandela fought for justice. His struggle to change South Africa-even from inside prison-became famous across the world. He wrote repeatedly to South African President F.W. de Klerk, asking to talk. With protests growing, the President agreed. For years, De Klerk met with Mandela and other black leaders in secret to talk about how to solve South Africa’s problems.In 1990, De Klerk announced the end of racial segregation. Mandela, then 71 years old, was finally allowed to walk free after spending 27 years prison.In 1993, Mandela, President de Klerk, and other South African leaders wrote a new constitution for the country. This document described a new vision for the nation, and promised equality to all South Africans. The same year, Mandela and De Klerk won the Nobel Peace Prize for their work.Mandela was elected President in the following year, when blacks were allowed to vote for the first time. He served as his country’s first black President from 1994 to 1999. After his presidency ended, Mandela continued to fight political and cultural problems he thought were important. To the many, Mandela will always be a symbol for peace, justice, and equality.81. What was the aim of the African National Congress?(No more than 6 words)82. When did Mandela win the Nobel Peace Prize?(No more than 3 words)83. How did Mandela fight for justice when he was in prison?(No more than 12 words)84. What kind of person is Mandela in people’s eyes?(No more than 12 words)SECTION C (25 marks)85. Directions ：Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.假设你现在是一名大一的学生。
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雅礼中学理科综合能力测试试题（5月1模）注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
时量150分钟，满分300分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
2.回答选择题时，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮檫擦干净后，再选涂其他的答案标号。
写在本试题卷及草稿纸上无效。
3. 第Ⅱ卷33－40题为选考题，其他题为必考题。
考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上，回答非选择题时，用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将答案按题号写在答题卡上。
在本试卷上答题无效。
4.考试结束时，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量：Na-23， N-14，O-16，C-12 H-1第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共21小题，每小题6分，共126分)一、选择题(本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.细胞或细胞的部分结构、成分有”骨架或支架”之说，下列有关叙述正确的是( )A.真核细胞中有维持细胞形态的细胞骨架，细胞骨架与物质运输无关B.磷脂双分子层构成了细胞膜的基本支架，其他生物膜无此基本支架C.DNA分子中的脱氧核糖和磷酸交替连接，排列在处侧构成基本骨架D.生物大分子以单体为骨架，每一个单体都以碳原子构成的碳链为基本骨架答案：C解析：原创题，抓住“骨架”一关键词，把细胞内微梁（管）系统、生物膜的基本结构、DNA双螺旋结构及生物大分子等知识紧密联系在一起构成一道综合题，意在考查书上小字及难理解的黑体字，避免在此处出现盲区。
“真核细胞中有维持细胞形态、保持细胞内部结构有序性的细胞骨架，细胞骨架与细胞运动、分裂、分化以及物质运输、能量转换、信息传递等生命活动密切相关”。
这句话来自书上47页的小体字，高考出题“出其不意”，告诉学生要重视书上的小体字；生物大分子不是以单体为骨架（单体是基本单位），而是“以碳链为骨架”，引号内的话是书上的标题；“每一个单体都以碳原子构成的碳链为基本骨架”，这句话是标题下的黑体字，理解为：单体都以碳原子构成的碳链为基本骨架，生物大分子由单体构成，因此生物大分子以碳链为骨架。
2．下图为某单细胞微生物细胞代谢中酶与其底物、产物的关系示意图（图中的变构位点指引起酶结构改变的触发点），下列有关叙述正确的是( )A．从该图可以看出酶促反应速率随底物浓度增大而不断增大B．酶1有两种底物且能与产物B结合，说明酶1不具有专一性C．酶1与产物B结合后无活性，说明酶的活性与其空间结构有关D．产物B浓度高时导致酶1无活性与高温导致酶失活一样是不可逆的答案：C解析：改编题，考查酶有关知识同时着重考查学生识图、获取信息、分析综合的能力。
由于有产物抑制或酶量的限制，因此A 选项错，酶催化的专一性指一种酶只能催化一种或一类化学反应，图中仍是催化一种化学反应，B 选项错，产物抑制一般是可逆的，可避免不断合成酶造成浪费（无法判断为不可逆），D 选项错。
3．将一个没有放射性同位素32P 标记的大肠杆菌（拟核DNA 呈环状，共含有m 个碱基，其中有a 个胸腺嘧啶）放在含有32P -胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸的培养基中培养一段时间，检测到如下图I 、II 两种类型的DNA （虚线表示含有放射性的脱氧核苷酸链）。
下列有关该实验的结果预测与分析，正确的是（ ）A ．DNA第二次复制产生的子代DNA 有I、II两种类型，比例为1：3B ．DNA 复制后分配到两个子细胞时，其上的基因遵循基因分离定律C ．复制n 次需要胞嘧啶的数目是（2n -1）（m-a ）/2D ．复制n 次形成的放射性脱氧核苷酸单链为2n+l -2答案：D4．有一植物基因型为AaBbCcDdee ，其中A 、B 、C 、d 、e 分别控制一种优良性状，五对基因均独立遗传，现将此植物的花粉进行组织培养，获得试管苗，然后对试管苗的芽尖用适宜浓度的秋水仙素处理，获得染色体正常的植株，假设每个花粉都能成为试管苗、每个试管苗都能成为染色体正常的植株，理论上这些染色体正常的植株中五种性状全为优良的占（ ）A ．1/4B ．1/8C ．1/16D ．1/32 答案：C【解析】即基因型为AaBbCcDdee 的植株产生的配子ABCde 所点的比例：1/2×1/2×1/2×1/2×1=1/16。
5．如图表示内环境稳态的部分调节机制。
下列表述错误的是( )。
A ．在图中①～⑥处应当用双箭头表示的有①④⑤⑥B ．若⑥表示促甲状腺激素，则⑥的分泌量不仅仅受甲状腺激素释放激素的调节C ．若⑤表示免疫活性分子，则⑤只能是浆细胞产生的抗体分子D ．图中①表示信息分子，既可能是神经递质又可能是激素分子答案：C解析：组织液可以转化成淋巴液，淋巴液可以转化成血浆，②③均为单向箭头，组织液和血浆相互渗透，神经、体液和免疫系统共同调节内环境稳态，内环境的物质又可以作用或影响三大调节机制，所以除②③外，其余箭头为双向箭头，A 正确；促甲状腺激素释放激素和甲状腺激素均影响促甲状腺激素的分泌，B 正确；抗体、淋巴因子、溶菌酶属于免疫活性物质，均为免疫分子，C 不正确；神经系统的下丘脑神经分泌细胞可以分泌抗利尿激素和促甲状腺激素释放激素等，D 正确。
6．湖南长沙当年收获的水稻秸秆剪成小段，于农历7月15日开始分别进行露天堆放、水泡和土埋3种方式的处理，3次重复，每隔15天检测一次秸秆腐解残留量，结果见下图。
下列分析合理的是 ( )。
Ⅰ ⅡA ．秸秆还田后翻耕土埋是生态农业利用秸秆的最合理方法B ．土壤中的空气和水分条件有利于多种微生物对秸秆的分解C ．如果将处理开始时间提早30天，则3条曲线的位置将呈现上移趋势D ．从堆放、水泡2条曲线可以推测好氧性微生物分解能力高于厌氧性微生物答案：B解析；生态农业的目的是实现物质循环及能量的多级利用，提高能量利用率，秸秆还田翻耕土埋没有实现此目的，A 不正确；露天堆放会导致水分不足，水泡处理会导致氧气不足，土埋处理时空气和水分条件较有利于多种微生物对秸秆的分解，B 正确；如果将处理开始时间提早30天，长沙地区此时气温较高，微生物分解活动增强，则3条曲线的位置将呈现下移趋势，C 不正确；从堆放、水泡2条曲线可推测好氧性微生物分解能力低于厌氧性微生物，D 不正确。
7．某化学研究性学习小组在学习了《化学反应原理》后作出了如下的归纳总结，其中正确的是A. 同温下pH=1和pH=2的盐酸，c(H ＋)之比为1：2B ．物质A 三态间的转化如下：A(g)→A(1)→A(s)，则该转化过程中△S<OC. pH=13的强碱溶液，加水稀释后，溶液中所有离子的浓度均减小D. pH=9的CH 3COONa 溶液和pH=9的NH 3.H 2O 溶液，两溶液中水的电离程度相同【答案】B【解析】熵的影响因素为物质的状态及微粒数目的多少，物质A 三态间的转化如下：A(g)→A(1)→A(s)的转化过程属于熵减的过程，B 正确。
A 选项c(H ＋)之比为10：1的关系；C选项加水稀释的过程中c(H ＋)增大，不是所有浓度都减小；D 选项pH=9的CH 3COONa 溶液和pH=9的NH 3.H 2O 溶液，前者促进水的电离，后者抑制水的电离，两者水的电离程度之比为104：1。
8. 根据表中信息，判断下列叙述中正确的是A ．表中①组的反应只可能有一种元素被氧化和一种元素被还原B ．氧化性强弱的比较： KClO 3＞Fe 3+＞Cl 2＞Br 2C ．由表中①②组反应推测：ClO 3－、Br －、H +、Fe 2+不能在浓溶液中大量共存D ．表中③组反应的离子方程式为：2MnO 4－+ 3H 2O 2 + 6H +=2Mn 2+ + 4O 2↑+ 6H 2O【答案】C【解析】表中①组FeBr 2溶液与Cl 2反应，量不同，反应不同，可能Fe 2+、Br -都能被氧化；D 选项H 2O 2被氧化作还原剂，KMnO 4被还原，其之间的关系为2MnO 4－+ 5H 2O 2 +6H +=2Mn 2+ + 5O 2↑+ 8H 2O序号 氧化剂 还原剂 其他反应物 氧化产物 还原产物 ① Cl 2 FeBr 2 / Cl - ②KClO 3 浓盐酸 / Cl 2 ③ KMnO 4 H 2O 2 H 2SO 4 O 2 Mn 2+9. 洋蓟素是一种新结构类型的抗乙型肝炎病毒和抗艾滋病病毒的化合物，其结构如右图所示，有关洋蓟素的说法正确的是A.洋蓟素的化学式为C 25H 22O 12B. —定条件下能发生酯化和消去反应C. 1mol 洋蓟素最少可有14mol 原子共平面D. 1 mol 洋蓟素最多可消耗9mol NaOH 和6mol Br 2【答案】B【解析】苯环平面和碳碳双键平面之间通过单键连接，可以自由旋转，共平面的原子数目最多为12个；结构中只有羧基、酚羟基、酯基可以消耗NaOH ，醇羟基不能反应，，做多只能消耗7molNaOH ，碳碳双键可以与溴水加成，苯环上的氢原子及饱和碳原子上的氢原子在合适条件下都可以发生取代，最多可消耗的Br 2的量远不止6mol 。
10．下列实验操作不能．．达到其对应目的的是 序号 实验内容实验目的 A ． 向盛有10滴0.1 mol/L AgNO 3溶液的试管中滴加0.1 mol/L NaCl 溶液，至不再有沉淀生成，再向其中滴加0.1 mol/L Na 2S 溶液证明AgCl 沉淀能转化为溶解度更小的Ag 2S沉淀 B ． 向2 mL 甲苯中加入3滴KMnO 4酸性溶液，振荡；向2mL 己烷中加入3滴KMnO 4酸性溶液，振荡证明与苯环相连的甲基易被氧化 C ． 向Na 2SiO 3溶液中通入CO 2证明碳酸的酸性比硅酸强 D ． 在淀粉溶液中加入稀硫酸，水浴加热，一段时间后，再加入新制的氢氧化铜并加热验证淀粉已水解【答案】D【解析】水解环境为酸性，而检测环境应该为碱性。
所以加热后，应冷却后加入少量氢氧化钠溶液中和至碱性，再加入新制的氢氧化铜并加热。
11．已知X 、M 都是中学教材中的常见元素，下列对两个离子反应通式的推断中，其中正确的是 (甲)X O 3n-+X n- + H + →X 单质+ H 2O (未配平);(乙)M m++mOH -＝M(OH)m ↓①若n=1,则XO 3n-中X 元素为+5价,X 位于周期表第ⅤA 族②若n=2,则X 最高价氧化物的水化物可能与它的氢化物反应③若m=1,则M （NO 3）m 溶液和氨水互滴时的现象可能不同④若m=2,则在空气中蒸干、灼烧MSO 4溶液一定能得到MSO 4⑤若m=3,则MCl 3与足量氢氧化钠溶液反应一定生成M(OH)mA ．①③ B. ④⑤ C. ①② D. ②③【答案】D【解析】①若n=1,则XO3n-中X元素为+5价，X-能存在，说明达到了稳定结构，X应位于周期表第VIIA族；④若m=2,则在空气中蒸干、灼烧MSO4溶液一定能得到MSO4不一定正确，如果是硫酸亚铁，则可能涉及到氧化的问题。