User friendly alumina raw materials 08
铝行业的一些常用英语词汇
铝行业的一些常用英语词汇产品 Products铝锭Aluminum Ingot氧化铝 alumina ，aluminum oxide氢氧化铝 Hydrogen alumina电解铝electrolyse aluminum镀铝aluminum plating铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet花纹铝板 Aluminum embossed sheet彩铝板 colored Aluminum plate纯铝板pure Aluminum plate复合铝板clad aluminium硬铝板 duralumin sheet铝合金Aluminum alloy锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝基硅镁合金anticorodal耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy铝黄铜aluminum brass铝青铜aluminum bronze高铝砖alumina brick铝合金型材aluminium alloy sections铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝型材Aluminum profile铝棒 Aluminum stick/rod铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝箔 Aluminum foil铝卷 Aluminum roll铝带/铝条 Aluminum strip铝线 Aluminum thread/wire钢芯铝绞线 aluminium cable steel reinforcing 铝管 Aluminum pipe/tube精拉铝管 finishing Aluminum tube伸缩铝管 extension Aluminum tube挤压铝管extruded aluminum pipe铝管避雷器 aluminium cell lightning arrester 挤压铝窗台 extruded aluminum sill铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝曲管bended aluminium tube无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe散热器 Radiator铝塑板 Aluminum plastic board铝天花 Aluminum ceiling铝板贴面吸声天花板 aluminum absorbent ceiling 铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles铝幕墙 Aluminum curtain wall铝制品 Aluminum products铝制器皿 aluminium ware铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝圆片 Aluminum wafer铝铸件 Aluminum casting铝锻件Aluminum forge铝盖 Aluminum cover铝箱 Aluminum trunk铝梯 Aluminum stairs铝粉 Aluminum powder高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics铝门窗 Aluminum Doors & Windows废铝aluminium scrap铝片 sheet aluminium铝标牌 aluminium scutcheon铝铆钉 aluminum rivet铝轮毂 aluminum wheel spider/hub铝百叶 aluminum shutter铝箔制品Aluminum foil products原铝 virgin Aluminum铝梁 aluminum beam工业铝原料industrial Aluminum materials 铁分离器iron separator磁性上辊 magnetic roller过滤器 filter去磁器demagnetizer振动筛vibration sieve熔炼焊剂 smelting flux镁助熔剂 eliminate magnesium flux原辅材料 Raw Materials铝矿aluminum ore铝土矿alumyte铝矾土bauxite铝砂aloxite涂料 coating耐火材料 refractory material稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE)添加剂 additive氟化盐 fluoride salt氧化锌zinc oxide氟化铝aluminium fluoride硅酸铝aluminum silicate氯化铝aluminum chloride硝酸铝aluminum nitrate氮化铝aluminum nitride焦碳. coke石灰石 limestone冰晶石 cryolite电解滤液electrolyse filtrate熔剂油flux oil滤清油filtering oil纯碱 alkali絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture液碱精炼剂refining agent覆盖剂covering agent打渣剂fluxing medium液压油hydraulic liquid/medium过滤板screen plate包装材料 Packaging Material抛光剂 polishing composition纸管 paper tube纸制品 paper products纸板 paperboard厚纸板 cardboard铝酸盐 aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝酸aluminic acid铝铸件aluminium castings铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝化荧光屏aluminized screen渗铝aluminizing铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory 铝焊料aluminum solder防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint催化剂catalyzer含铝材料alumina-bearing material高铝矿渣aluminous clinke机械设备Machinery equipment工业炉 Industrial furnace挤压设备extrusion equipment铝电解设备 Aluminum electrolyse Equipment 熔铸设备Founding Equipment净化设备 Purifying Equipment冷轧设备 Cold-rolled Equipment热轧设备 Heat-rolled Equipment铸扎设备Founding Equipment包装设备 packaging equipment检测设备inspection equipment切割设备 Cutting Equipment磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment焊接设备 Jointing equipment压延设备 Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备 Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备 Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment 型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment表面处理设备 Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备 Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备 aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备 cutting apparatus剪切设备 shearing equipment涂层设备 Coating equipment清洗设备 cleaning equipment喷涂设备 spraying equipment抛光设备 polishing unit气体发生设备 gas generation equipment工业毛毡 Industrial felt整型机integer machine铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould 铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝热焊aluminothermic welding其他 others铝支承结构 aluminum bearing structure铝雷管 aluminum blasting cap铝车身 aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面 aluminum bonded roof covering铝黄铜 aluminum brass铝桥 aluminum bridge铝青铜 aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料 aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门 aluminum building entrance door 铝制建筑构件 aluminum building member铝制建筑制品 aluminum building product铝制建筑板材 aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件 aluminum building unit铝心电缆 aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套 aluminum cable sheath铝雷管 aluminum cap铸铝 aluminum casting铸铝合金 aluminum casting alloy矾土水泥aluminum cement槽型铝材 aluminum channel花纹铝箔 aluminum checker/checkered foil铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件 aluminum component铝化合物 aluminum compound铝芯电缆 aluminum conductor铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材 aluminum corrugated section铝制波纹片 aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹构件 aluminum corrugated unit铝板屋顶 aluminum deck/deck roof铝顶板构件 aluminum deck unit铝装饰型材 aluminum decorative section压铸铝aluminum die casting铝制檐沟 aluminum eave gutter/ trought铝电极法 aluminum electrode methed铝制建筑外门 aluminum entrance door挤压铝制品 aluminum extrusion铝制结构立面 aluminum facade铅制结构正面 aluminum face铝饰镶面 aluminum facing铝制围栏 aluminum fence铝制小五金 aluminum fillings铝指板aluminum finger plate高岭土 aluminum flake防雨铝板 aluminum flashing楼面铝 aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层 aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层 aluminum flooring finish 薄铝片 aluminum foil铝箔背衬 aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insertion铝制折板屋顶 aluminum folded plate roof 铝制模板 aluminum form铝制模板 aluminum form work铝制框架 aluminum frame铝制结构立面 aluminum front铝密封垫圈 aluminum gasket铝金aluminum gold铝皂润滑脂 aluminum grease铝窗格 aluminum grid铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制格栅 aluminum grille铝制扶手 aluminum hand railing铝制小五金 aluminum handware铝制铰链 aluminum hinge氢氧化铝 aluminum hydrate铝铁 aluminum iron铝衬裹 aluminum lining铝制过梁 aluminum lintel铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium alloy铝制建筑构件 aluminum member铝网 aluminum mesh铝模 aluminum mould铝钉 aluminum nail铝装饰型材 aluminum ornamental section铝支柱底板 aluminum outrigger base铝涂料 aluminum paint银粉漆涂层 aluminum paint coating铝板隔墙 aluminum partition银灰漆 aluminum paste铝制玻璃格条 aluminum patent glazing bar 多孔铝制天花板 aluminum perforated ceiling 铝颜料 aluminum pigment铝柱 aluminum post铝打底涂料 aluminum primer铝材 aluminum product成型铝板 aluminum pro成型薄铝板 aluminum pro成型铝板 aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手 aluminum pull铝门拉手 aluminum pull handle铝檩条 aluminum purlin铝扶手 aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅 aluminum rolling grille铝辊式破碎机 aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗 aluminum rolling shutter铝制卷板条 aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶 aluminum roofing夹层铝板 aluminum sandwch panel铝窗框 aluminum sash铝螺丝 aluminum screw密封铝皮 aluminum seal/sealing sheeting铝结构型材 aluminum section铝结构型材 aluminum shape铝制建筑板材 aluminum sheet铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet lining铝板屋面 aluminum sheet roof铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet surface铝板屋面 aluminum sheeting roof铝模板 aluminum shuttering铝墙板 aluminum siding硅酸铝 aluminum silicate铝仓筒 aluminum silo铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink unit铝包皮 aluminum skin超高铝制烟囱 aluminum skyscraper铝板放护板 aluminum slatted blind铝板卷开百叶窗 aluminum slatted rollor blink推拉式铝门 aluminum sliding door铝熔炼厂 aluminum smelting plant铝皂 aluminum soap软铝棉 aluminum soft wool铝焊料 aluminum solder铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling铝制支架底板 aluminum stabilizer base硬脂酸铝 aluminum stearate铝钢 aluminum steel道路照明铝制电杆 aluminum street lighting column 铝板条 aluminum strip硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate sulfate铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunbreaker铝铺面 aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门 aluminum swing door铝轨 aluminum track铝结构型材 aluminum trim铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝墙纸 aluminum wallpaper铝焊条 aluminum welding rod铝窗装置 aluminum window furniture铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构 aluminum wood composite system 铝纤维 aluminum wool锻制铝合金 aluminum wrought alloy锌铝 aluminum zinc铝密封 alumiseal明矾石 alumite氧化铝板 alumite tile防蚀铝线 alumite wire明矾石 alumstone铝氧粉 alundum刚铝石水泥 alundum cement铝石砖 alundum tile。
不同助熔剂对钙长石质日用瓷性能的影响
第42卷第9期2023年9月硅㊀酸㊀盐㊀通㊀报BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY Vol.42㊀No.9September,2023不同助熔剂对钙长石质日用瓷性能的影响成振宇1,苗立锋2,包镇红2(1.景德镇陶瓷大学材料科学与工程学院,景德镇㊀333403;2.景德镇陶瓷大学国家日用及建筑陶瓷工程技术研究中心,景德镇㊀333001)摘要:以方解石㊁高岭土㊁氧化铝等为主要原料,长石㊁烧滑石和白云石作为助熔剂制备钙长石质日用瓷,探究不同助熔剂及其用量对钙长石质日用瓷性能的影响㊂结果表明,当单一长石作为助熔剂时,其助熔效果较差,且长石添加量过多会导致试样抗弯强度显著降低㊂当烧滑石与长石复合作为助熔剂时,烧滑石添加量较少时助熔效果不明显;当烧滑石添加量提高至4%(质量分数)时,试样吸水率显著降低,抗弯强度明显提高㊂当白云石和长石复合作为助熔剂时助熔效果较好,且随着白云石添加量的提高,试样抗弯强度先增大后减小,当添加量为6%(质量分数)时试样综合性能较优,其吸水率为0.27%,抗弯强度为101MPa,同时具有良好的透光性㊂关键词:助熔剂;钙长石;日用瓷;长石;烧滑石;白云石;抗弯强度中图分类号:TQ174.73㊀㊀文献标志码:A ㊀㊀文章编号:1001-1625(2023)09-3324-10Effects of Different Fluxes on Properties of Anorthite-Based Daily PorcelainCHENG Zhenyu 1,MIAO Lifeng 2,BAO Zhenhong 2(1.School of Material Science and Engineering,Jingdezhen Ceramic University,Jingdezhen 333403,China;2.National Engineering Research Center for Domestic and Building Ceramics,Jingdezhen Ceramic University,Jingdezhen 333001,China)Abstract :Anorthite-based daily porcelain was prepared by using calcite,kaolin and alumina as the main raw materials,feldspar,burnt talc and dolomite as fluxes.The effects of different fluxes and their addition amounts on properties of anorthite-based daily porcelain were studied.The results show that the fluxing effect is poor when feldspar is served as single flux.At the same time,excessive feldspar will lead to the significantly reduction of bending strength.With burnt talc and feldspar as composite fluxes,the fluxing effect is not obvious at a low addition amount of burnt talc.When the additionamount of burnt talc increases to 4%(mass fraction),the water absorption of sample obviously decreases and the bending strength is improved dramatically.The fluxing effect is good when the dolomite and feldspar are served as composite fluxes.With the increase of the addition amount of dolomite,the bending strength of sample increases first and then decreases.When the addition amount of dolomite is 6%(mass fraction),sample has the best comprehensive properties,which has a water absorption of 0.27%,bending strength of 101MPa and good transparency.Key words :flux;anorthite;daily porcelain;feldspar;burnt talc;dolomite;bending strength 收稿日期:2023-05-05;修订日期:2023-07-13基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52262008);江西省自然科学基金(20212BAB204035);江西省重点研发揭榜挂帅项目(20224BBE51050);景德镇市科技项目(20224GY008-15);江西省高校人文社科重点研究基地项目(JD21082)作者简介:成振宇(1998 ),男,硕士研究生㊂主要从事传统日用陶瓷的研究㊂E-mail:1832258027@通信作者:苗立锋,博士,正高级工程师㊂E-mail:mlf0624@ 0㊀引㊀言陶瓷是 泥 与 火 的艺术,根据使用领域和生产工艺,可将传统陶瓷分为日用瓷㊁建筑卫生陶瓷㊁电瓷以及化工陶瓷等[1]㊂日用瓷种类繁多,应用较为广泛的有骨质瓷㊁硬质瓷㊁镁质瓷和强化瓷㊂骨质瓷以牛骨灰㊁高岭土㊁长石等为原料,经 高温素烧㊁低温釉烧 二次烧成[2],瓷胎晶相含量高达70%(文中均为质量分数),具有透光性好㊁强度高㊁白度高等优点[3],但其主晶相磷酸三钙的热膨胀系数较大[2],导致瓷胎抗热震㊀第9期成振宇等:不同助熔剂对钙长石质日用瓷性能的影响3325性较差,且制备与瓷胎匹配的釉料时使用了大量熔剂原料,使得釉面硬度较低,易产生划痕[4],骨质瓷承受机械洗涤㊁刀叉刻划以及耐高温消毒性能较差,不适用于餐饮等领域㊂硬质瓷烧成温度较高[5],瓷胎物相组成为莫来石㊁方石英及玻璃相,由于釉面富硅,且瓷胎热膨胀系数较小,所以硬质瓷具有釉面硬度高㊁抗热震性好等特点,但硬质瓷瓷胎中玻璃相含量较高,约为70%,导致其强度较低,约为骨质瓷强度的一半[6]㊂镁质瓷是以含MgO的铝硅酸盐为主晶相的陶瓷材料,按主晶相的不同可分为原顽辉石瓷(又称滑石瓷)㊁堇青石瓷㊁尖晶石瓷等,其中滑石瓷瓷胎中晶相含量可达65%[7],具有白度高㊁透光性好㊁强度高等优点,但存在成型性能差㊁烧成范围窄以及后期易老化开裂等问题[8]㊂近年来,虽然有不少学者尝试从原料粒度㊁外加矿化剂及烧成制度等方向进行研究,解决滑石瓷存在的相关问题,并取得了一定的成果[9-10],但目前仍存在制备工艺复杂㊁生产成本较高㊁产品综合性能不佳等问题㊂酒店㊁餐饮等行业对陶瓷制品的巨大需求推动了强化瓷的发展㊂在传统 长石-石英-黏土 三元配方基础上,分别增加Al2O3和SiO2含量得到高铝质强化瓷和高硅质强化瓷[11-13],它们均具有强度高㊁釉面硬度大㊁抗热震性好等优点,但也存在一些不足,如高铝质强化瓷的抗弯强度虽可达230MPa,但其制品存在半透明性差㊁韧性较差㊁质地较脆等问题[11]㊂任允鹏[11]采用通过控制粒径进而控制方石英转化的方法,制备得到抗弯强度高(达155MPa)㊁抗热震性好的高石英质瓷,但其制备工艺复杂㊁生产成本较高㊂目前,同时具备强度高㊁釉面硬度大㊁抗热震性好㊁半透明性好㊁工艺简单㊁生产成本低的日用瓷仍有待研发㊂钙长石具有热膨胀系数小㊁折射率与玻璃相接近等特性,因此以钙长石为主晶相的日用瓷可以在实现瓷胎高晶相含量的同时具有良好的透光性,从而解决日用瓷高强度和高透光性不可兼得的矛盾㊂此外,钙长石质日用瓷瓷胎可与富硅高硬度釉匹配,从而实现集强度高㊁热稳定性好㊁釉面硬度高以及具有良好的透光性等优良性能于一体[14],满足市场需求,具有广阔的发展空间[15-19]㊂本文借助CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系统相图,根据钙长石理论化学组成进行配方计算,以方解石㊁高岭土㊁氧化铝等为主要原料制备钙长石质日用瓷,研究长石㊁烧滑石和白云石等助熔剂对其烧结性能㊁力学性能及表观性能的影响㊂1㊀实㊀验1.1㊀原材料试验所用高岭土产自福建龙岩,方解石㊁长石和白云石产自江西宜春,氧化铝购自中国铝业河南分公司,烧滑石购自江西诚信矿业有限公司,高岭土㊁方解石㊁长石㊁白云石等均为天然矿物原料,原料的主要化学组成见表1㊂表1㊀原料的主要化学组成Table1㊀Main chemical composition of raw materialsRaw material Mass fraction/%SiO2Al2O3K2O Na2O CaO MgO Fe2O3TiO2LOL Total Kaolin48.6436.12 2.320.140.060.490.20 11.7099.67 Calcite0.020.05 57.640.52 41.7599.98 Alumina 99.80 99.80 Feldspar66.5518.1211.44 3.230.160.020.08 0.3499.94 Burnt talc70.38 2.180.680.12 1.2724.600.090.090.4599.86 Dolomite 1.610.360.050.0431.9719.700.010.0146.1399.881.2㊀试样制备钙长石的化学式为CaO㊃Al2O3㊃2SiO2,其中CaO质量占比20.1%,Al2O3质量占比36.7%,SiO2质量占比43.2%㊂以方解石㊁高岭土㊁氧化铝等为原料,按照钙长石理论组成进行配方计算,得到基础配方GL0,以该配方为基础,分别外加5%㊁10%㊁15%㊁20%㊁25%㊁30%(质量分数)的长石,记为GL5㊁GL10㊁GL15㊁GL20㊁GL25和GL30㊂以优选配方GL10为基础,外加2%㊁4%㊁6%㊁8%(质量分数)的烧滑石,记为GH2㊁GH4㊁GH6和GH8㊂以优选配方GL10为基础,分别外加2%㊁4%㊁6%㊁8%(质量分数)的白云石,记为GB2㊁GB4㊁GB6和GB8㊂具体配方组成如表2所示,各配方对应坯体的化学组成如表3所示㊂3326㊀陶㊀瓷硅酸盐通报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第42卷表2㊀配方组成Table2㊀Formula compositionSample Mass fraction/%Kaolin Calcite Alumina Feldspar Burnt talc Dolomite GL069.127.2 3.7GL569.127.2 3.75GL1069.127.2 3.710GL1569.127.2 3.715GL2069.127.2 3.720GL2569.127.2 3.725GL3069.127.2 3.730GH269.127.2 3.7102GH469.127.2 3.7104GH669.127.2 3.7106GH869.127.2 3.7108GB269.127.2 3.710 2GB469.127.2 3.710 4GB669.127.2 3.710 6GB869.127.2 3.710 8表3㊀坯体的主要化学组成Table3㊀Main chemical composition of green bodiesSample Mass fraction/%SiO2Al2O3K2O Na2O CaO MgO Fe2O3Total GL041.8835.71 2.000.1219.520.600.17100.00GL543.3334.69 2.550.3018.400.560.17100.00 GL1044.6333.78 3.040.4617.390.530.1699.99GL1545.7832.96 3.480.6116.490.510.1699.99GL2046.8332.23 3.880.7415.680.480.1599.99GL2547.7831.56 4.240.8614.950.460.15100.00 GL3048.6330.96 4.570.9714.280.440.15100.00 GH245.1933.10 2.990.4617.04 1.050.1699.99GH445.7332.45 2.940.4516.71 1.550.1699.99GH646.2431.82 2.900.4416.39 2.030.1699.98GH846.7531.23 2.850.4316.09 2.490.16100.00GB244.1333.39 3.010.4617.890.960.16100.00GB443.6633.01 2.970.4618.37 1.370.16100.00GB643.1932.64 2.940.4518.84 1.780.16100.00GB842.7432.27 2.910.4519.30 2.170.16100.00按配方精确称取原料并置于球磨罐中,使用行星式球磨机进行球磨,料㊁球㊁水质量比为1ʒ2ʒ1,球磨时间为40min㊂球磨后的浆料经过筛㊁除铁后置于电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥,将干燥好的坯体用研钵破碎并过80目(178μm)标准筛造粒,装袋备用㊂试样采用干压成型,使用粉末压片机压制得到尺寸为50mmˑ7mmˑ5mm的条形试样和直径为40mm 的圆片试样㊂经电热鼓风干燥箱烘干后置于箱式炉中1300ħ烧成,升温速率为10ħ/min,保温时间为0.5h,自然冷却至室温后对其进行测试与表征㊂1.3㊀测试与表征使用上海昕瑞仪器仪表有限公司生产的WSB-2A白度仪测试试样白度;使用阿基米德法测试吸水率及体积密度;使用济南永科试验仪器有限公司生产的WDW-100电子万能试验机并采用三点抗弯法测试抗弯强度;使用丹东浩元仪器有限公司生产的DX-2700B型X射线衍射仪进行物相分析,步长为0.02ʎ,扫描范围为10ʎ~70ʎ,管电压为40kV,管电流为30mA;采用荷兰Phenom-world公司生产的Phenom Pro型台式扫描电子显微镜进行显微结构观测;圆片试样厚度统一打磨至约3mm,借助日光灯管观测试样透光性能㊂第9期成振宇等:不同助熔剂对钙长石质日用瓷性能的影响3327㊀2㊀结果和讨论2.1㊀长石对试样性能的影响图1㊀不同长石添加量试样的吸水率和体积密度Fig.1㊀Water absorption and bulk density of samples with different feldspar addition amounts 图1为不同长石添加量试样的吸水率和体积密度曲线㊂由图1可知,随着长石添加量的增加,试样吸水率逐渐降低,体积密度逐渐增大㊂当长石添加量为30%时,试样吸水率最小,体积密度达到最大㊂图2为不同长石添加量试样的透光性实物效果图㊂由图2可知,试样的透光性随长石添加量的增加而增大㊂图3为不同长石添加量试样吸水率和抗弯强度曲线㊂由图3可知,试样抗弯强度随吸水率降低呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,当长石添加量为10%时,试样的抗弯强度最大㊂随着长石添加量继续增加,试样吸水率逐渐降低,但抗弯强度却不升反降㊂图4为不同长石添加量试样的XRD 谱㊂由图4可知,试样物相组成均为单一钙长石晶相,随着长石添加量的增加,钙长石特征峰强度逐渐降低,且最强峰周边 类馒头峰 逐渐显现,说明随长石添加量增加,试样中钙长石晶相含量降低,玻璃相含量增加㊂选取GL0㊁GL10㊁GL20和GL30试样进行显微形貌观测,结果如图5所示㊂由图5可知,钙长石晶体呈板片状或板块状,玻璃相填充晶相空隙㊂随着长石添加量增加,试样中钙长石晶体数量减少,且晶体规整度变差,玻璃相含量增加,这与XRD 分析结果一致㊂因此,尽管长石添加量增多会使试样的吸水率下降,但同时试样内部的钙长石晶体数量减少,玻璃相增多,从而导致其抗弯强度出现不增反降的现象㊂图2㊀不同长石添加量试样的透光性实物效果图Fig.2㊀Real effect diagrams of light transmission performance of samples with different feldspar additionamounts 图3㊀不同长石添加量试样的吸水率和抗弯强度Fig.3㊀Water absorption and bending strength of samples with different feldspar additionamounts 图4㊀不同长石添加量试样的XRD 谱Fig.4㊀XRD patterns of samples with different feldspar addition amounts3328㊀陶㊀瓷硅酸盐通报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第42卷图5㊀GL0㊁GL10㊁GL20和GL30试样的SEM照片Fig.5㊀SEM images of GL0,GL10,GL20and GL30samples当长石添加量为30%时,虽然GL30试样吸水率降低至0.5%,但其抗弯强度极低,仅为23MPa(见图3)㊂为究其原因,对GL30试样进行低倍率的SEM观测,结果如图5(e)所示㊂由图5(e)可以看出,GL30试样中分布着大量尺寸不同的气孔,大量气孔的存在使其具有较低的体积密度,为2.22g/cm3㊂此外,由于试样的吸水率为0.5%,这说明试样中存在大量闭口气孔㊂闭口气孔一方面会使试样承受载荷的有效截面减小,另一方面会引起应力集中产生微裂纹[20-21],这两方面均会对试样抗弯强度产生不利影响㊂因此,虽然GL30试样具有较低的吸水率,但抗弯强度仍较低㊂综上所述,试样中存在大量闭口气孔㊁钙长石晶相含量减少㊁玻璃相含量增加的情况共同导致试样抗弯强度随吸水率降低出现不升反降现象㊂因此,在该体系中添加少量长石并不能有效促进试样烧结,且添加量过多会对试样抗弯强度和晶相生长发育带来不利影响㊂2.2㊀烧滑石对试样性能的影响图6为不同烧滑石添加量试样的吸水率和体积密度㊂由图6可知,随烧滑石添加量增加,试样的吸水率整体呈降低趋势,但其体积密度逐渐增大㊂当烧滑石添加量较低(2%)时,吸水率小幅降低,由11.80%降低至11.50%㊂当烧滑石添加量增加到4%时,试样吸水率骤降至0.25%,体积密度由1.93g/cm3升高至2.25g/cm3㊂图7为不同烧滑石添加量试样的吸水率和抗弯强度㊂由图7可知:当烧滑石添加量较低(2%)时,试样抗弯强度出现小幅降低;当烧滑石添加量为4%时,试样抗弯强度最大,为73MPa㊂图8为不同烧滑石添加量试样透光性实物效果图㊂由图8可知,GH4㊁GH6试样内部均存在较多暗斑,且暗斑面积随烧滑石添加量的增加而显著减少,当烧滑石添加量为8%时,内部暗斑基本消失㊂试样内部暗斑的存在说明试样内部各部分的烧结情况不一致,存在暗斑的区域烧结情况较差,玻璃相较少,导致其透光性较差,而烧结良好的区域则含有较多的玻璃相,使得该区域具有较好的透光性,最终试样在光照条件下出现了明暗的差异㊂文献[22]表明在含碱玻璃熔体中,随着二价金属离子半径增大,熔体黏度下降,这是因为离子半径r(Mg2+)<r(Ca2+),故试样存在暗斑的原因可能是以富含MgO的烧滑石作助熔剂时,MgO使玻璃相高温黏度增大,导致其在高温下流动填充空隙的作用有限,当烧滑石含量较低时,引入的MgO较少且分布不均匀,MgO浓度大的区域形成的玻璃相多,且大多聚集在其附近区域㊂MgO浓度小的区域的形成原因是: 1)自身未形成足够的液相;2)无法获得其他区域液相填充,从而导致该区域烧结情况较差㊂当烧滑石含量提高时,试样内部各区域的MgO含量增加,促使液相形成,透光性提高,暗斑减少直至消失㊂第9期成振宇等:不同助熔剂对钙长石质日用瓷性能的影响3329㊀图6㊀不同烧滑石添加量试样的吸水率和体积密度Fig.6㊀Water absorption and bulk density of samples with different burnt talc additionamounts 图7㊀不同烧滑石添加量试样的吸水率和抗弯强度Fig.7㊀Water absorption and bending strength ofsamples with different burnt talc additionamounts 图8㊀不同烧滑石添加量试样的透光性实物效果图Fig.8㊀Real effect diagrams of light transmission performance of samples with different burnt talc addition amounts 图9为不同烧滑石添加量试样的XRD 谱㊂由图9可知,试样物相组成均为单一钙长石晶相㊂当烧滑石添加量为4%时,试样中钙长石晶相特征峰强度最高,随着烧滑石添加量继续增加,钙长石晶相特征峰强度略有下降㊂这是因为随着烧滑石添加量的增加,试样中助熔成分增多,导致玻璃相含量增多,一部分钙长石晶体回熔于玻璃相,从而导致XRD 谱中钙长石特征峰强度下降㊂选择GH8试样进行SEM 观测,SEM 照片如图10所示㊂图10(a)为试样内部的气孔分布,图10(b)为试样内部钙长石晶体的形态和分布㊂由图10(a)可知,GH8试样内部存在大量尺寸不一的圆形气孔,结合试样的吸水率和体积密度可知,该气孔为闭口气孔㊂由图10(b)可知,钙长石晶体主要呈板片状和板柱状,玻璃相填充晶相间空隙㊂图9㊀不同烧滑石添加量试样的XRD 谱Fig.9㊀XRD patterns of samples with different burnt talc additionamounts 图10㊀GH8试样的SEM 照片Fig.10㊀SEM images of GH8sample ㊀3330㊀陶㊀瓷硅酸盐通报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第42卷2.3㊀白云石对试样性能的影响图11为不同白云石添加量试样的吸水率和体积密度㊂由图11可知,试样吸水率和体积密度呈负相关,当添加量低于4%时,试样吸水率降低明显,随后趋于平缓㊂图12为不同白云石添加量试样吸水率和抗弯强度曲线㊂由图12可知,试样抗弯强度随白云石添加量增加而先增大后减小,当白云石添加量为6%时,试样抗弯强度最高,为101MPa,吸水率为0.27%㊂图13为不同白云石添加量试样的透光性实物效果图㊂由图13可知,试样透光性随白云石添加量增加而增大,当白云石添加量为8%时,试样透光性最好㊂图14为不同白云石添加量试样的XRD 谱㊂由图14可知,试样物相组成均为单一钙长石晶相,白云石添加量较少时对试样衍射峰强度无明显影响,当白云石添加量较多(8%)时,钙长石晶相特征峰强度有所降低㊂图11㊀不同白云石添加量试样的吸水率和体积密度Fig.11㊀Water absorption and bulk density of samples with different dolomite additionamounts 图12㊀不同白云石添加量试样的吸水率和抗弯强度Fig.12㊀Water absorption and bending strength of samples with different dolomite additionamounts图13㊀不同白云石添加量试样的透光性实物效果图Fig.13㊀Real effect diagrams of light transmission performance of samples with different dolomite additionamounts 图14㊀不同白云石添加量试样的XRD 谱Fig.14㊀XRD patterns of samples with different dolomite addition amounts 图15为GB2㊁GB4㊁GB6㊁GB8试样内部气孔分布㊂由图15可知,试样中均含有较多气孔,随着白云石添加量增加,气孔数量逐渐减少,尺寸逐渐增大,当白云石添加量由6%增加至8%时,气孔尺寸异常增大㊂结合吸水率和体积密度可知,未添加白云石时,试样吸水率为11.80%,试样表面存在大量开口气孔,随白云石添加量增加,玻璃相含量增加,吸水率显著降低,开口气孔数量迅速减少,当白云石添加量为4%时,试样吸水率小于0.5%,说明试样表面绝大部分开口气孔已被玻璃相填充,因此GB4试样SEM 照片中的气孔绝大部分为内部闭口气孔㊂当白云石添加量继续增加,试样中气孔一部分被液相填充,一部分气孔相互聚集形成大气孔,气孔数量减少,尺寸增大㊂当白云石添加量第9期成振宇等:不同助熔剂对钙长石质日用瓷性能的影响3331㊀为8%时,试样中气孔数量进一步减少,但是气孔异常增大㊂图16为GB2㊁GB4㊁GB6㊁GB8试样的SEM 照片㊂由图16可知,当白云石添加量较少时,试样中的钙长石晶体数量较多且晶体外形棱角分明,呈板片状和板柱状,当白云石添加量为8%时,钙长石晶体数量减少,玻璃相增多,这与XRD 分析结果一致㊂这说明当白云石添加量为8%时,试样开始出现过烧倾向,闭口气孔内气体受热膨胀,导致气孔异常变大,同时玻璃相增加,晶相减少,最终导致其抗弯强度由101MPa 降低至79MPa㊂图15㊀GB2㊁GB4㊁GB6和GB8试样内部气孔分布Fig.15㊀Internal porosity distribution of GB2,GB4,GB6and GB8samples 图16㊀GB2㊁GB4㊁GB6和GB8试样的SEM 照片Fig.16㊀SEM images of GB2,GB4,GB6and GB8samples3332㊀陶㊀瓷硅酸盐通报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第42卷综合考虑试样的吸水率㊁透光性㊁抗弯强度等因素,GB6试样综合性能较好,其吸水率为0.27%,抗弯强度为101MPa,并具有良好的透光性㊂3㊀结㊀论1)单一长石作为助熔剂效果较差且对提高试样强度不利,当长石添加量为30%时,试样吸水率为0.5%,抗弯强度仅为23MPa㊂长石添加量过多会导致试样中钙长石晶体数量减少,晶体形貌变差㊂2)当烧滑石与长石复合作为助熔剂时,烧滑石添加量较少,助熔效果不明显;当烧滑石添加量为4%时,试样吸水率显著降低,由11.50%降低至0.25%,抗弯强度明显提升,由40MPa提高至73MPa,但试样内部有暗斑出现,当烧滑石添加量为8%时暗斑消失㊂3)白云石和长石复合作为助熔剂时具有较好的助熔作用,随着白云石添加量的提高,试样抗弯强度先增大后减小㊂白云石添加量为6%的试样综合性能较优,试样吸水率为0.27%,抗弯强度为101MPa,并具有良好的透光性㊂随着白云石添加量继续增加,气孔异常长大,试样出现过烧,从而导致抗弯强度下降㊂4)长石㊁烧滑石和白云石作为助熔剂虽然均能促进烧结,但烧结试样的内部均存在大量闭口气孔,使得试样的体积密度较小,抗弯强度相对较低㊂参考文献[1]㊀马铁成.陶瓷工艺学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2011.MA T C.Ceramic technology[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,2011(in Chinese).[2]㊀杨玉泉,张㊀垠,孔德双,等.骨质瓷的发展与研究[J].中国陶瓷,2011,47(9):1-3+30.YANG Y Q,ZHANG Y,KONG D S,et al.Research and development of bone China[J].China Ceramics,2011,47(9):1-3+30(in Chinese).[3]㊀张金升,张银燕,王美婷,等.陶瓷材料显微结构与性能[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:118-120.ZHANG J S,ZHANG Y Y,WANG M T,et al.Microstructure and properties of ceramic materials[M].Beijing,Chemical Industry Press, 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equipment压延设备Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment表面处理设备Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备cutting apparatus剪切设备shearing equipment涂层设备Coating equipment清洗设备cleaning equipment喷涂设备spraying equipment抛光设备polishing unit气体发生设备gas generation equipment工业毛毡Industrial felt整型机integer machine铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝热焊aluminothermic welding≤------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 其他others铝支承结构aluminum bearing structure铝雷管aluminum blasting cap铝车身aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面aluminum bonded roof covering 铝黄铜aluminum brass铝桥aluminum bridge铝青铜aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门aluminum building entrance door 铝制建筑构件aluminum building member铝制建筑制品aluminum building product铝制建筑板材aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件aluminum building unit铝心电缆aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套aluminum cable sheath铝雷管aluminum cap铸铝aluminum casting铸铝合金aluminum casting alloy矾土水泥aluminum cement槽型铝材aluminum channel花纹铝箔aluminum checker/checkered foil铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件aluminum component铝化合物aluminum compound铝芯电缆aluminum conductor铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材aluminum corrugated section铝制波纹片aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹构件aluminum corrugated unit铝板屋顶aluminum deck/deck roof铝顶板构件aluminum deck unit铝装饰型材aluminum decorative section压铸铝aluminum die casting铝制檐沟aluminum eave gutter/ trought铝电极法aluminum electrode methed铝制建筑外门aluminum entrance door挤压铝制品aluminum extrusion铝制结构立面aluminum facade铅制结构正面aluminum face铝饰镶面aluminum facing铝制围栏aluminum fence铝制小五金aluminum fillings铝指板aluminum finger plate高岭土aluminum flake防雨铝板aluminum flashing楼面铝aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring finish薄铝片aluminum foil铝箔背衬aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热aluminum foil insertion铝制折板屋顶aluminum folded plate roof铝制模板aluminum form铝制模板aluminum form work铝制框架aluminum frame铝制结构立面aluminum front铝密封垫圈aluminum gasket铝金aluminum gold铝皂润滑脂aluminum grease铝窗格aluminum grid铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制格栅aluminum grille铝制扶手aluminum hand railing铝制小五金aluminum handware铝制铰链aluminum hinge氢氧化铝aluminum hydrate铝铁aluminum iron铝衬裹aluminum lining铝制过梁aluminum lintel铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝制建筑构件aluminum member铝网aluminum mesh铝模aluminum mould铝钉aluminum nail铝装饰型材aluminum ornamental section铝支柱底板aluminum outrigger base铝涂料aluminum paint银粉漆涂层aluminum paint coating铝板隔墙aluminum partition银灰漆aluminum paste铝制玻璃格条aluminum patent glazing bar 多孔铝制天花板aluminum perforated ceiling 铝颜料aluminum pigment铝柱aluminum post铝打底涂料aluminum primer铝材aluminum product成型铝板aluminum profile panel成型薄铝板aluminum profile sheet成型铝板aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手aluminum pull铝门拉手aluminum pull handle铝檩条aluminum purlin铝扶手aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅aluminum rolling grille铝辊式破碎机aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗aluminum rolling shutter铝制卷板条aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶aluminum roofing夹层铝板aluminum sandwich panel铝窗框aluminum sash铝螺丝aluminum screw密封铝皮aluminum seal/sealing sheeting铝结构型材aluminum section铝结构型材aluminum shape铝制建筑板材aluminum sheet铝皮镶面aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面aluminum sheet lining铝板屋面aluminum sheet roof铝皮镶面aluminum sheet surface铝板屋面aluminum sheeting roof铝模板aluminum shuttering铝墙板aluminum siding硅酸铝aluminum silicate铝仓筒aluminum silo铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink unit铝包皮aluminum skin超高铝制烟囱aluminum skyscraper铝板放护板aluminum slatted blind铝板卷开百叶窗aluminum slatted rollor blink 推拉式铝门aluminum sliding door铝熔炼厂aluminum smelting plant铝皂aluminum soap软铝棉aluminum soft wool铝焊料aluminum solder铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling 铝制支架底板aluminum stabilizer base硬脂酸铝aluminum stearate铝钢aluminum steel道路照明铝制电杆aluminum street lighting column 铝板条aluminum strip硫酸铝aluminum sulphate硫酸铝aluminum sulphate sulfate铝制遮阳板aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板aluminum sunbreaker铝铺面aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门aluminum swing door铝轨aluminum track铝结构型材aluminum trim铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝墙纸aluminum wallpaper铝焊条aluminum welding rod铝窗装置aluminum window furniture铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构aluminum wood composite system 铝纤维aluminum wool锻制铝合金aluminum wrought alloy锌铝aluminum zinc铝密封alumiseal明矾石alumite氧化铝板alumite tile防蚀铝线alumite wire明矾石alumstone铝氧粉alundum刚铝石水泥alundum cement铝石砖alundum tile铜包铝专用铝镁合金杆铝镁硅导线杆铝合金杆毛毡皮带式输送线毛毡平移式输送线液压自动中断锯Raw materials:alumina 铝土bauxite 铝矿土log 大圆棒billet 小圆棒（铝棒）butt 废料（挤压切头）Magnesium 镁Silicon 硅Iron 铁Copper 铜Manganese 锰Chromium 铬extruability 可挤压性strength-to-weight ratio 强度重量比quenching 淬火conductivity 可导电性，导电率Equipment: 设备：log conveyor 大圆棒运输机log furnace 大圆棒加热炉billet furnace 铝棒加热炉solvus tempreture 溶线温度solidus tempreture 固线温度log shear 圆棒剪billet transveyor 铝棒运输机press loader 挤压机托料架机械手ram 挤压杆dummy block 压饼（挤压垫）container 盛锭筒container liner 盛锭筒内衬（内套）run-out table 输出台front platen 前板main cylinder 主缸Die: 模具：die ring 模套die 模具backer 模垫bolster 前垫shim (sub-bolster) 后垫feeder 导流板pocket(cavity of feeder) 袋式平模hollow die 空心模semi-hollow die 半空心模solid die 平模aperture (pocket) 孔隙die cap 下模（母模）mandrel 上模（公模）porthole 孔式分流模pancake 园盘式模bridge 桥式模spider 蜘蛛模horse shoe 马蹄形止口tool carrier 模座die bearing 工作带relief 空刀die oven 模具加热炉radiant oven 辐射炉infrared oven 红处线炉lead-out table 导出台quench box 淬火槽standing-wave cooling 过水槽冷却mist cooling 水雾冷却air cooling 风冷web 桥port 进料孔puller 牵引机transfer belts 传送台cooling belt 冷却带（台）stretcher 拉直机（调直机）tail head 固定端power head 活动端clamps 夹头crossover belts （拉直机）传送带staging and saw: 锯切工作台和锯staging area 锯切工作台saw 锯batching belt 配置传送带saw gauge 锯切定尺台supervisory control system(SCS) 监视控制系统programmable logic controller(PLC) 可编程序控制器aging oven 时效炉Processtemperature rise 挤压时的上升温度exit temperature 出口温度tearing 扯裂container wall 挤压筒筒壁shear zoneexit temp. measurement 出口温度测量temp. stick 测温笔thermocouple temp. probe 热电偶探测针pyrometer 高温计atomic structure 原子结构quench rate 淬火率precipitate 沉淀Magnesium Silicide crystals 硅化镁晶体intersperse(dispersion) 分散preserve 保持temper 状态critical quench rate 临界淬火率temper designations 状态定义recovery 成品率aluminum oxide 氧化铝scrap 费料productivity measurement 生产效率的评估press efficiency 挤压机效率weight per person-hour 单位时间人均成品率internal scrap produced 费品率rejected and returned material ratio 退货率production and maintenance downtime 停机时间OEE (overall equipment effectiveness) 整个设备效率quality rate 可销售产品率performance rate 实际出品率availability rate 挤压机利用率Quality 质量defects 缺陷vernier(calipers) 千分尺feeler gauge 塞尺go-no-go gauges 专用测型仪protractor 角规square 矩尺，丁字尺Webster hardness tester 韦氏硬度钳back end condition 挤压尾部条件blister 气泡，沙眼bow 弯曲broken die 模具损坏saw burr 锯毛刺chatter 振痕corrosion-pitting 腐蚀点corrosion water stain 水迹die line 模痕flatness deviation 不平（不平淬火，拉伸过分，模具错误）hook 侧面弯曲inclusion 因模具内售杂质而型材含杂质kink 因搬运造成的严重变形lamination 叠层（因铸锭有裂痕，或模具含杂质）flow line 模痕carbon mark 石墨痕handling mark 碰伤roll mark 滚动痕stop mark 断痕stretcher jam mark 拉抻机夹痕traffic mark 碰伤orange peel 桔皮pickup 粘铝。
常用焊接中英文词典
常用术语中英文词典. 专业.专注.. 专业.专注.. 专业.专注.. 专业.专注.. 专业.专注.. 专业.专注.. 专业.专注.. 专业.专注.. 专业.专注.A-DAbsolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals, 绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵. 专业.专注.Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设Accumulation, 累积Accuracy, 准确度Actual frequency, 实际频数Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理Additivity, 可加性Adjusted rate, 调整率Adjusted value, 校正值. 专业.专注.Admissible error, 容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换. 专业.专注.Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit, 拟合的评估Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差Attributable risk, 归因危险度Attribute data, 属性资料Attribution, 属性. 专业.专注.Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph, 条形图Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes定理Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布. 专业.专注.Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M估计量Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation, 典型相关Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable, 分类变量Catenary, 悬链线. 专业.专注.Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency, 集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root, 特征根Characteristic vector, 特征向量. 专业.专注.Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable, 分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数. 专业.专注.Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素Combination pool, 合并Combinative table, 组合表Common factor, 共性因子. 专业.专注.Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance, 共性方差Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计. 专业.专注.Composite event, 联合事件Composite events, 复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望Conditional likelihood, 条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor, 混杂因素Conjoint, 联合分析. 专业.专注.Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control, 对照. 专业.专注.Controlled experiments, 对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence, 对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox回归. 专业.专注.Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs , 交叉表Cross-tabulation table, 复合表Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature, 曲率/弯曲Curvature, 曲率. 专业.专注.Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系Cut-and-try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation, 数据处理Data processing, 数据处理. 专业.专注.Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换Data validity, 数据有效性Data-in, 数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision, 精密度Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量. 专业.专注.Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性Determinant, 行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法Discrete variable, 离散型变量. 专业.专注.DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function, 判别值Dispersion, 散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验. 专业.专注.Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布Double logarithmic, 双对数Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图DUD, 无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法E-LEffect, 实验效应Eigenvalue, 特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料. 专业.专注.Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I, 第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares, 估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance, 欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点Expectation plane, 期望平面. 专业.专注.Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth, 指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit, 扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值. 专业.专注.Extremes, 极端值/极值F distribution, F分布F test, F检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析Factor Analysis, 因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率. 专业.专注.Field investigation, 现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite-sample, 有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分First quartile, 第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表Fourth, 四分点. 专业.专注.Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型Geometric mean, 几何平均数Gini's mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 通用线性模型. 专业.专注.Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean, 总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M估计量Happenstance, 偶然事件Harmonic mean, 调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率. 专业.专注.Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐Hierarchical classification, 组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR, 多维列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge, 折叶点Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性. 专业.专注.Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M估计量Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小. 专业.专注.Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level, 最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵. 专业.专注.Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation, 反正弦变换Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式Joint distribution function, 分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度. 专业.专注.Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布Least significant difference, 最小显著差法Least square method, 最小二乘法Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线. 专业.专注.Legend, 图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L估计量L-estimator of scale, 尺度L估计量Level, 水平Life expectance, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function, 似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划. 专业.专注.Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance, 位置不变性Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布. 专业.专注.Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差LSD, 最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable, 潜在变量. 专业.专注.。
铝行业的一些常用英语词汇
铝行业的一些常用英语词汇产品Products铝锭 Aluminum Ingot氧化铝 alumina > aluminum oxide氢氧化铝 Hydrogen alumina电解铝 electrolyse aluminum镀铝 aluminum plating铝板 Aluminum Board/plate/sheet花纹铝板 Aluminum embossed sheet彩铝板 colored Aluminum plate纯铝板 pure Aluminum plate复合铝板 clad aluminium硬铝板 duralumin sheet铝合金 Aluminum alloy锻用铝合金 aluminum alloy for temper铝铜合金 aluminum copper alloy铝基合金 aluminum base alloy铝铁合金 aluminum iron alloy铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium alloy铝镰合金 aluminum nickel alloy铝硅合金 aluminum silicon alloy铝基硅镁合金anticorodal耐蚀铝合金 corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy铝黄铜 aluminum brass铝青铜 aluminum bronze高铝砖 alumina brick铝合金型材 aluminium alloy sections铝合金线 Aluminum alloy wire铝型材 Aluminum profile铝棒 Aluminum stick/rod铝圆棒 Aluminum round bar铝箔 Aluminum foil铝卷 Aluminum roll铝带/铝条 Aluminum strip铝线 Aluminum thread/wire钢芯铝绞线 aluminium cable steel reinforcing 铝管 Aluminum pipe/tube精拉铝管 finishing Aluminum tube伸缩铝管 extension Aluminum tube挤压铝管 extruded aluminum pipe铝管避雷器 aluminium cell lightning arrester 挤压铝窗台 extruded aluminum sill铝斜坡 Aluminium Ramps铝曲管 bended aluminium tube无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe散热器Radiator铝塑板 Aluminum plastic board铝天花 Aluminum ceiling铝板贴面吸声天花板aluminum absorbent ceiling 铝型材地板 Aluminium Flooring Profiles铝幕墙 Aluminum curtain wall铝制品 Aluminum products铝制器皿 aluminium ware铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝圆片 Aluminum wafer铝铸件 Aluminum casting铝锻件 Aluminum forge铝盖 Aluminum cover铝箱 Aluminum trunk铝梯 Aluminum stairs铝粉 Aluminum powder髙铝陶瓷 alumina ceramics铝门窗 Aluminum Doors & Windows废铝 aluminium scrap铝片 sheet aluminium钻;标牌 aluminium scutcheon铝钮卩钉 aluminum rivet铝轮毂 aluminum wheel spider/hub铝百叶 aluminum shutter铝箔制品Aluminum foil products原铝 virgin Aluminum铝梁 aluminum beam匸业铝原料 industrial Aluminum materials 铁分离器 iron separator磁性上馄 magnetic roller过滤器filter去磁器 demagnetizer振动筛v让ration sieve熔炼焊剂smelting flux镁助熔剂 eliminate magnesium flux原辅材料Raw Materials铝矿 aluminum ore铝土矿 alumyte铝矶土 bauxite铝砂 aloxite涂料 coating耐火材料 refractorj r materialtombar thite/ rare-earth (RE)添加剂additive氟化盐 fluoride salt氧化锌 zinc oxide氟化铝 aluminium fluoride硅酸铝 aluminum silicate氯化铝 aluminum chloride硝酸铝 aluminum nitrate氮化铝 aluminum nitride焦碳.coke石灰石limestone冰晶石cryolite电解滤液electrolyse filtrate熔剂油 flux oil滤淸油 filtering oil纯碱alkali絮凝剂 flocculating agent/ admixture液碱精炼剂 refining agent覆盖剂 covering agent打渣剂 fluxing medium液压油 hydraulic liquid/medium过滤板 screen plate包装材料 Packaging Material抛光剂 polishing composition纸管 paper tube纸制品 paper products纸板 paperboard厚纸板cardboard铝酸盐aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝酸 aluminic acid铝铸件 aluminium castings铝镀覆层 aluminized coat铝化荧光屏 aluminized screen渗铝 aluminizing铝硅酸盐 aluminosilicate硅酸铝耐火材料 aluminosilicate refractory 铝焊料 aluminum solder防腐剂 anti cor rodant防腐剂 anticorrosive agent防腐涂料 anticorrosive paint催化剂catalyzer含铝材料 alumina-bearing material髙铝矿渣 aluminous clinke机械设备Machinery equipment工业炉 Industrial furnace铝电解设备 Aluminum electrolyse Equipment 熔铸设备Founding Equipment冷轧设备 Cold-rolled Equipment热轧设备 Heat-rolled Equipment铸扎设备 Founding Equipment包装设备 packaging equipment检测设备 inspection equipment切割设备 Cutting Equipment磁电设备 magnetoelectricity Equipment焊接设备 Jointing equipment压延设备 Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备 Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备 Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment Profiles Bending Equipment Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备 Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备 aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备 cutting apparatus剪切设备 shearing equipment涂层设备 Coating equipment淸洗设备 cleaning equipment喷涂设备 spraying equipment抛光设备 polishing unit气体发生设备 gas generation equipment工业毛毡 Industrial felt整型机 integer machine铝型材挤压模具 Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould 铝热法 aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原 aluminothennic reduction铝热焊 aluminothermic welding其他others铝支承结构 aluminum bearing structure铝雷管 aluminum blasting cap铝车身 aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面 aluminum bonded roof covering 铝黄铜 aluminum brass 型材拉弯设备 表而处理设备铝心电缆 aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套 aluminum cable sheath铝雷管 aluminum cap铸铝 aluminum casting铸铝合金 aluminum casting alloy矶上水泥 aluminum cement槽型铝材 aluminum channel花纹铝箔 aluminum checker/checkered foil铝珞钢 aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件aluminum component铝化合物 aluminum compound铝芯电缆 aluminum conductor铝制波纹形 aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材 aluminum corrugated section 铝制波纹片 aluminum corrugated sheet 铝制波纹构件 aluminum corrugated unit 铝板屋顶 aluminumdeck/deck roof 铝顶板构件 aluminum deck unit 铝装饰型材 aluminum decorative section 压铸铝 aluminum die casting 铝制檐沟 aluminum eave gutter/ trought 铝电极法 aluminum electrode methed 铝制建筑外门 aluminum entrance door 挤压铝制品 aluminumextrusion铝制结构立而aluminum facade 铅制结构正而aluminum face 铝饰镶面 aluminum facing铝制用栏 aluminum fence铝制小五金 aluminum f 订lings铝指板 aluminum finger plate铝桥 aluminum bridge 铝青铜 aluminum bronze 铝青铜涂料 aluminum bronze paint 铝制建筑外门 铝制建筑构件 aluminum building aluminum building entrance door member 铝制建筑制品 铝制建筑板材 铝制建筑构件 aluminum building aluminum building aluminum building product sheetunit髙岭丄 aluminum flake防雨铝板 aluminum flashing楼而铝 aluminum floor covering楼而铝覆而层aluminum flooring楼而铝覆而层 aluminum flooring finish薄铝片 aluminum foil铝箔背衬 aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insertion铝制折板屋顶 aluminum folded plate roof铝制模板aluminum form铝制模板 aluminum form work铝制框架 aluminum frame铝制结构立而aluminum front铝密封垫圈aluminum gasket铝金 aluminum gold铝皂润滑脂aluminum grease钻；窗格 aluminum grid铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制格栅 aluminum grille铝制扶手 aluminum hand railing铝制小五金 aluminum handware铝制铁链 aluminum hinge氢氧化铝 aluminum hydrate铝铁 aluminum iron铝衬裹 aluminum lining铝制过梁 aluminum lintel铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium alloy铝制建筑构件aluminum member铝网 aluminum mesh铝模 aluminum mould铝钉 aluminum nail铝装饰型材 aluminum ornamental section 铝支柱底板 aluminum outrigger base铝涂料 aluminum paint银粉漆涂层 aluminum paint coating铝板隔墙 aluminum partition银灰漆 aluminum paste铝制玻璃格条 aluminum patent glazing bar 多孑L 铝制天花板 aluminum perforated ceiling 铝颜料aluminum pigment铝柱 aluminum post铝打底涂料aluminum primer铝材 aluminum product成型铝板aluminum pro成型薄铝板aluminum pro成型铝板 aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手aluminum pull铝门拉手 aluminum pull handle铝梯条 aluminum purlin铝扶手 aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅 aluminum rolling grille 铝馄式破碎机 aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗 aluminum rolling shutter 铝制卷板条 aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶 aluminum roofing夹层铝板 aluminum sandwch panel钻;窗框 aluminum sash铝螺幺幺 aluminum screw密封铝皮 aluminum seal/sealing sheeting铝结构型材aluminum section铝结构型材aluminum shape铝制建筑板材aluminum sheet铝皮镶而 aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶而 aluminum sheet lining铝板屋而 aluminum sheet roof 铝皮镶而 aluminum sheet surface 铝板屋而 aluminum sheeting roof 铝模板 aluminum shuttering 铝墙板 aluminum siding 硅酸铝 aluminum silicate 铝仓筒 aluminum silo 铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink 铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink unit 铝包皮 aluminum skin 超高铝制烟囱aluminum skyscraper 铝板放护板 aluminum slatted blind 铝板卷开百叶窗 aluminum slatted rollor blink 推拉式铝门aluminum sliding door 铝熔炼J ' aluminum smelting plant 铝皂 aluminum soap 软铝棉 aluminum soft wool 铝焊料 aluminum solder 铝声控天花板 aluminum sound control ceiling 铝制支架底板 aluminum stabilizer base 硬脂酸铝 aluminum stearate 铝钢 aluminum steel 道路照明铝制电杆 aluminum street lighting column 铝板条 aluminum strip 硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate 硫酸铝aluminum sulphate sulfate 铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunblind 铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunbreaker 铝铺而aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门aluminum swing door 铝轨 aluminum track 铝结构型材aluminum trim 铝汽封 aluminum vapor barrier 铝墙纸 aluminum wallpaper 铝焊条aluminum welding rod 铝窗装宜 aluminum windowfurniture铝幺攵布 aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构 aluminum wood composite system 铝纤维 aluminum wool锻制铝合金 aluminum wrought alloy锌铝 aluminum zinc铝密封alumiseal明矶石alumite氧化铝板alumite tile防蚀铝线alumite wire明矶仃alumstone铝氧粉alundum刚铝右水泥alundum cement铝仃砖 alundum tile。
铝合金专业英语词汇
Aquarium facility 水族馆 Cabinet 橱柜 Machinery accessories 机械配件 Grain processing 粮食加工 Purification 净化 Industrial automation equipment 工业自动化设备 Communication equipment 通信器材 Wire 天线 Bathroom 卫浴 Medical equipment 医疗设备 Scanner 扫描仪 Socket panel 插座 Automobile 汽车 Thermal chip 散热片 Nonconforming product 不合格品
专业词汇
Raw materials and semi-products 原材料和半成品: alumina 铝土 bauxite 铝矿土 log 大圆棒 bar 铝棒 billet 小圆棒（铝棒） butt 废料（挤压切头） Magnesium 镁 Silicon 硅 Iron 铁 Mill finish 素材 Industrial profile 工业异型材 Equipment 设备: log conveyor 大圆棒运输机 log furnace 大圆棒加热炉 billet furnace 铝棒加热炉 solvus temperature 溶线温度 solidus temperature 固线温度 log shear 圆棒剪 billet transveyer 铝棒运输机 press loader 挤压机托料架机械手 electrophoresis equipment 电泳设备 profile derrick 锯切机 Assembling packaging machine 组角机 Vertical motion geophone 立式铣床 Radial drilling machine 摇臂钻床 Direct-reading spectrometer 直读式光谱仪 Electronic universal testing machine 电子万能试 验机 UV test 紫外光测试 Q-SUN weathering test machine Q-SUN 耐候试验 机 Vickers hardness Tester 盐雾测试仪 Metallographic micro-hardness tester 金相显微 硬度计 Salt spray test 维氏硬度计 Vacuum heat treatment furnace 真空热处理炉 Round melting furnace 圆形炉 Cooling chamber 冷却炉 In-line degassing 在线除气 Electronic magnetic stir machine 电磁搅拌机 ram 挤压杆 dummy block 压饼（挤压垫） container 盛锭筒 container liner 盛锭筒内衬（内套） runout table 输出台 front platen 前板 main cylinder 主缸 Anodizing equipment 氧化设备 Double-ended cutter 双头切割机床 Double head copy lathe 双头仿铣床 Punching machine 冲床 Vertical drilling machine 立式钻床 Rib circular drilling machine 攻牙机 Colorimeter 色差仪 Gloss meter 光泽计 Scanner 扫描仪 QUV climate simulations tester QUV 气候模拟测 试仪 Cupping tester 杯突试验仪 Webster hardness tester 韦氏硬度计 Rockwell hardness tester 洛式温度计 Shakeout testing machine 落砂试验机 Vortex thickness gauge 涡流测厚仪 Tilting melting furnace 倾翻炉 Homogenizing furnace 均质炉 Air-slip casting table 气模 Automatic cutting machine 自动据台 Optical microscope analyzer 金相分析仪 Steel 钢 Copper 铜 Manganese 锰 Chromium 铬 extrudability 可挤压性 strength-to-weight ratio 强度重量比 quenching 淬火 conductivity 可导电性，导电率 Ingot 铝锭 Flat sheet 铝板 Profile 异型材
铝行业地一些常用英语词汇
铝行业的一些常用英语词汇产品 Products铝锭Aluminum Ingot氧化铝 alumina ，aluminum oxide氢氧化铝 Hydrogen alumina电解铝electrolyse aluminum镀铝aluminum plating铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet花纹铝板 Aluminum embossed sheet彩铝板 colored Aluminum plate纯铝板pure Aluminum plate复合铝板clad aluminium硬铝板 duralumin sheet铝合金Aluminum alloy锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝基硅镁合金anticorodal耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy铝黄铜aluminum brass铝青铜aluminum bronze高铝砖alumina brick铝合金型材aluminium alloy sections铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝型材Aluminum profile铝棒 Aluminum stick/rod铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝箔 Aluminum foil铝卷 Aluminum roll铝带/铝条 Aluminum strip铝线 Aluminum thread/wire钢芯铝绞线 aluminium cable steel reinforcing 铝管 Aluminum pipe/tube精拉铝管 finishing Aluminum tube伸缩铝管 extension Aluminum tube挤压铝管extruded aluminum pipe铝管避雷器 aluminium cell lightning arrester 挤压铝窗台 extruded aluminum sill铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝曲管bended aluminium tube无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe散热器 Radiator铝塑板 Aluminum plastic board铝天花 Aluminum ceiling铝板贴面吸声天花板 aluminum absorbent ceiling 铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles铝幕墙 Aluminum curtain wall铝制品 Aluminum products铝制器皿 aluminium ware铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝圆片 Aluminum wafer铝铸件 Aluminum casting铝锻件Aluminum forge铝盖 Aluminum cover铝箱 Aluminum trunk铝梯 Aluminum stairs铝粉 Aluminum powder高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics铝门窗 Aluminum Doors & Windows废铝aluminium scrap铝片 sheet aluminium铝标牌 aluminium scutcheon铝铆钉 aluminum rivet铝轮毂 aluminum wheel spider/hub铝百叶 aluminum shutter铝箔制品Aluminum foil products原铝 virgin Aluminum铝梁 aluminum beam工业铝原料industrial Aluminum materials 铁分离器iron separator磁性上辊 magnetic roller过滤器 filter去磁器demagnetizer振动筛vibration sieve熔炼焊剂 smelting flux镁助熔剂 eliminate magnesium flux原辅材料 Raw Materials铝矿aluminum ore铝土矿alumyte铝矾土bauxite铝砂aloxite涂料 coating耐火材料 refractory material稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE)添加剂 additive氟化盐 fluoride salt氧化锌zinc oxide氟化铝aluminium fluoride硅酸铝aluminum silicate氯化铝aluminum chloride硝酸铝aluminum nitrate氮化铝aluminum nitride焦碳. coke石灰石 limestone冰晶石 cryolite电解滤液electrolyse filtrate熔剂油flux oil滤清油filtering oil纯碱 alkali絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture液碱精炼剂refining agent覆盖剂covering agent打渣剂fluxing medium液压油hydraulic liquid/medium过滤板screen plate包装材料 Packaging Material抛光剂 polishing composition纸管 paper tube纸制品 paper products纸板 paperboard厚纸板 cardboard铝酸盐 aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝酸aluminic acid铝铸件aluminium castings铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝化荧光屏aluminized screen渗铝aluminizing铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory 铝焊料aluminum solder防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint催化剂catalyzer含铝材料alumina-bearing material高铝矿渣aluminous clinke机械设备Machinery equipment工业炉 Industrial furnace挤压设备extrusion equipment铝电解设备 Aluminum electrolyse Equipment 熔铸设备Founding Equipment净化设备 Purifying Equipment冷轧设备 Cold-rolled Equipment热轧设备 Heat-rolled Equipment铸扎设备Founding Equipment包装设备 packaging equipment检测设备inspection equipment切割设备 Cutting Equipment磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment焊接设备 Jointing equipment压延设备 Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备 Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备 Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment 型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment表面处理设备 Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备 Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备 aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备 cutting apparatus剪切设备 shearing equipment涂层设备 Coating equipment清洗设备 cleaning equipment喷涂设备 spraying equipment抛光设备 polishing unit气体发生设备 gas generation equipment工业毛毡 Industrial felt整型机integer machine铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould 铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝热焊aluminothermic welding其他 others铝支承结构 aluminum bearing structure铝雷管 aluminum blasting cap铝车身 aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面 aluminum bonded roof covering铝黄铜 aluminum brass铝桥 aluminum bridge铝青铜 aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料 aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门 aluminum building entrance door 铝制建筑构件 aluminum building member铝制建筑制品 aluminum building product铝制建筑板材 aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件 aluminum building unit铝心电缆 aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套 aluminum cable sheath铝雷管 aluminum cap铸铝 aluminum casting铸铝合金 aluminum casting alloy矾土水泥aluminum cement槽型铝材 aluminum channel花纹铝箔 aluminum checker/checkered foil铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件 aluminum component铝化合物 aluminum compound铝芯电缆 aluminum conductor铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材 aluminum corrugated section铝制波纹片 aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹构件 aluminum corrugated unit铝板屋顶 aluminum deck/deck roof铝顶板构件 aluminum deck unit铝装饰型材 aluminum decorative section压铸铝aluminum die casting铝制檐沟 aluminum eave gutter/ trought铝电极法 aluminum electrode methed铝制建筑外门 aluminum entrance door挤压铝制品 aluminum extrusion铝制结构立面 aluminum facade铅制结构正面 aluminum face铝饰镶面 aluminum facing铝制围栏 aluminum fence铝制小五金 aluminum fillings铝指板aluminum finger plate高岭土 aluminum flake防雨铝板 aluminum flashing楼面铝 aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层 aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层 aluminum flooring finish 薄铝片 aluminum foil铝箔背衬 aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insertion铝制折板屋顶 aluminum folded plate roof 铝制模板 aluminum form铝制模板 aluminum form work铝制框架 aluminum frame铝制结构立面 aluminum front铝密封垫圈 aluminum gasket铝金aluminum gold铝皂润滑脂 aluminum grease铝窗格 aluminum grid铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制格栅 aluminum grille铝制扶手 aluminum hand railing铝制小五金 aluminum handware铝制铰链 aluminum hinge氢氧化铝 aluminum hydrate铝铁 aluminum iron铝衬裹 aluminum lining铝制过梁 aluminum lintel铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium alloy铝制建筑构件 aluminum member铝网 aluminum mesh铝模 aluminum mould铝钉 aluminum nail铝装饰型材 aluminum ornamental section铝支柱底板 aluminum outrigger base铝涂料 aluminum paint银粉漆涂层 aluminum paint coating铝板隔墙 aluminum partition银灰漆 aluminum paste铝制玻璃格条 aluminum patent glazing bar 多孔铝制天花板 aluminum perforated ceiling 铝颜料 aluminum pigment铝柱 aluminum post铝打底涂料 aluminum primer铝材 aluminum product成型铝板 aluminum profile panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profile sheet成型铝板 aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手 aluminum pull铝门拉手 aluminum pull handle铝檩条 aluminum purlin铝扶手 aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅 aluminum rolling grille铝辊式破碎机 aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗 aluminum rolling shutter铝制卷板条 aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶 aluminum roofing夹层铝板 aluminum sandwch panel铝窗框 aluminum sash铝螺丝 aluminum screw密封铝皮 aluminum seal/sealing sheeting铝结构型材 aluminum section铝结构型材 aluminum shape铝制建筑板材 aluminum sheet铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet lining铝板屋面 aluminum sheet roof铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet surface铝板屋面 aluminum sheeting roof铝模板 aluminum shuttering铝墙板 aluminum siding硅酸铝 aluminum silicate铝仓筒 aluminum silo铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink unit铝包皮 aluminum skin超高铝制烟囱 aluminum skyscraper铝板放护板 aluminum slatted blind铝板卷开百叶窗 aluminum slatted rollor blink推拉式铝门 aluminum sliding door铝熔炼厂 aluminum smelting plant铝皂 aluminum soap软铝棉 aluminum soft wool铝焊料 aluminum solder铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling铝制支架底板 aluminum stabilizer base硬脂酸铝 aluminum stearate铝钢 aluminum steel道路照明铝制电杆 aluminum street lighting column 铝板条 aluminum strip硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate sulfate铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunbreaker铝铺面 aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门 aluminum swing door铝轨 aluminum track铝结构型材 aluminum trim铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝墙纸 aluminum wallpaper铝焊条 aluminum welding rod铝窗装置 aluminum window furniture铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构 aluminum wood composite system 铝纤维 aluminum wool锻制铝合金 aluminum wrought alloy锌铝 aluminum zinc铝密封 alumiseal明矾石 alumite氧化铝板 alumite tile防蚀铝线 alumite wire明矾石 alumstone铝氧粉 alundum刚铝石水泥 alundum cement铝石砖 alundum tile。
铝箔的主要用途和牌号
（中国铝箔之家QQ群45288782）烟箔产品名称(简称) ：香烟包装用铝合金箔材Aluminum alloy foil for cigarette packing （烟箔）合金状态：8011-O最终用途：经衬纸、印刷或涂漆后用于香烟包装。
软包装箔产品名称(简称) ：软包装用铝合金箔材Aluminum alloy foil for flexible packing（软包装箔）合金状态：8011-O最终用途：经涂塑、印刷或涂漆后用于糖果或食品包装。
视频电缆箔产品名称(简称) ：视频电缆用铝及铝合金箔材Video cable foil（视频电缆箔）合金状态：1200/8011；O最终用途：经铝塑复合后用于包覆视频电缆。
家用箔产品名称(简称) ：家庭用铝合金箔材Aluminum alloy household foil （家用箔）合金状态：8011-O最终用途：用于家用食品的包装和保鲜。
软管箔产品名称(简称) ：软管用铝合金箔材Aluminum alloy foil for tube （软管箔）合金状态：1200/8011-O最终用途：经与PE复合印刷后，用于加工牙膏、药膏、化妆品等乳膏类产品包装。
产品名称(简称) ：热封用铝及铝合金箔材Aluminum and aluminum alloy foil for hot seal purpose（热封箔）合金状态：8011-O最终用途：经印刷或涂漆等加工后，用于鲜奶和酸奶等奶制品包装。
药用箔产品名称(简称) ：医药包装用铝合金箔材Aluminum alloy foil for Pharmaceutical （药用箔）合金状态：8011-H19；8011-O最终用途：8011-H19经涂胶、涂保鲜膜并印刷后用于平板医药包装；8011-O药用箔经与PE复合、涂胶、涂保鲜膜、印刷并冷冲压后用于医药包装，或经印刷、涂胶、或涂保鲜膜后用于医药瓶装封口包装。
汽车散热器箔产品名称(简称)：汽车散热器用铝箔材Aluminum foil for auto radiator（汽车散热器箔）合金状态：1200-H18最终用途：经冲制后用于汽车水箱散热器翘片。
水泥厂常用英文
窑头kiln end kiln hood section 窑头罩firing hood窑尾back-end of kiln烟室fed end chamber窑口kiln mouth窑口护铁outlet guard iron液压挡轮hydraulic thruster筒体shell窑口冷却风机nose ring fan挡砖圈inlet end ring托轮瓦lining tile衬瓦轮带tyre风温air temperature二次风温primary air temperature入口温度entering temperature三次风管recoup duct入口压力entering pressure生料磨raw mill原料raw materials选粉机separator窑kiln熟料冷却机clinker cooler悬浮预热器suspension preheater滑瓦支座slide shoe bearing托轮支座supporting wheel bearing 辊压机roller press筒辊磨tube rouer mill_立式辊磨机vertical roller mill袋收尘filter料位计sonding device提升机lift(生料,熟料，水泥）库silo拉链机drag三次风tertiary air二次风second wind一次风primary wind转子秤rotary weigher火嘴burner普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary portland cement石灰石limestone干法工艺dry process半干法工艺 semi-dry process窑kiln悬浮预热器 suspension preheater分解炉(new suspension preheater) precalciner 旋风筒cyclone强化悬浮预热器reinforced suspension preheater冷却机cooler窑尾kiln end窑头kiln exit预热带preheating zone分解带calcining zone烧成带burning zone冷却带cooling zone碳酸盐分解 decarbonation烧结sintering游离钙free lime熟料clinker入窑料kiln feed粉尘dust（碱）旁路放风alkali by-pass发挥份volatile matter（氯）旁路放风chlorine by-pass热耗heat consumption熟料矿物clinker mineral阿里特alite贝里特belite白色间隙物质白色中间体light interstitial material黑色间隙物质:黑色中间体dark interstitial material固溶solid-solution急热quick burning慢热slow burning转变温度transition temperature慢冷slow cooling急冷quide cooling回转窑rotary kiln石灰饱和系数lime saturation factor水泥cement硅酸盐水泥、一般水泥portland cement天然水泥natural cement(高) 铝水泥alumina cement矿渣水泥slag cement普通水泥ordinary cement快硬水泥rapid hardening cement气体gas燃气fuel gas天然气natural gas浇铸料castable耐火泥refractory mortar铬砖chrome brick耐火粘土砖 chamotte brick普通砖common brick燃烧器、喷嘴burner一次风机burner fan窑马达kiln motor减速机reducer慢转装置inching device冷却风机cooling fan金属输送机 metallic conveyor颗粒层收尘器gravel bed filter漏风air leakage砖衬brick lining碎砖debrick嵌上keying赤点red spot游离钙free CaO立升重liter weight热量heat表观比重、假比重apparent density烧成burning, sintering烧窑车间kiln department干法工序dry process湿法工序wet process预热器preheater悬浮预热器 suspension preheater强化型悬浮预热器reinforced suspension preheater窑kiln回转窑rotary kiln立窑shaft kiln熟料冷却机 clinker cooler风冷冷却机 air quenching cooler篦式冷却机 grate cooler单筒冷却机 rotary cooler篦子grate加湿塔、(稳定器、调节塔) stabilizer, conditioning tower 喷水装置water injection device熟料破碎机 clinker breaker旋风筒cyclone砖brick耐火砖refractory brick隔热砖insulating brick保温材料insulating material风扫磨air-swept mill自磨机autogeneous mill湿法磨wet grinding mill低速转动发动机inching device磨机电机mill motor主电机main motor选粉机separator空气选粉机 air separator旋风式空气选粉机cyclone air separator内部喷水装置internal water injection device粉磨介质grinding media钢球ball衬板仓板lining隔板partition样品sample取样sampling取样器sampler（磨机）端轴trunnion shaft细度fineness水分moisture分解炉calciner喷煤管burner循环风机circulation fan冷却风机ooling fan一次风机Primary air fan二次风机secondary air fan透平风机turbo fan窑系统窑kiln悬浮预热器 suspension preheater分解炉(new suspension preheater) precalciner 旋风筒cyclone强化悬浮预热器reinforced suspension preheater冷却机cooler窑尾kiln end窑头kiln exit预热带preheating zone分解带calcining zone烧成带burning zone冷却带cooling zone碳酸盐分解decarbonation烧结sintering游离钙free lime熟料clinker入窑料kiln feed粉尘dust（碱）旁路放风alkali by-pass发挥份volatile matter（氯）旁路放风chlorine by-pass热耗heat consumption耐火材料refractory砖brick浇铸料castable一次风primary air二次风secondary air抽气extraction air熟料熟料矿物clinker mineral阿里特alite贝里特belite白色间隙物质白色中间体 light interstitial material 黑色间隙物质黑色中间体 dark interstitial material 固溶solid-solution急热quick burning慢热slow burning转变温度transition temperature 慢冷slow cooling急冷quide cooling输送transport输送transportation堵塞clog (choke)堵塞clogging (choking)通过、经过 pass通道、通过 passage混合mix混合（物） mix, mixture粉磨grind粉磨grinding操作operate操作operation检查inspect检查inspection修理repair, fix修理repair跳闸trip跳闸tripping增加increase增加increase减少decrease减少decrease进入enter进入、入口 inlet出去、出来 go out, come out出口outlet工作、劳动work工作、劳动 work清理clean out清理cleaning变换change变换change修改、改造 modify修改modification清除take (put)away, clear out 清除clearing分析analyze分析analysis落下fall, drop辅助燃烧炉 auxiliary furnace粉磨grinding粉磨车间grinding department粉磨设备grinding plant原料粉磨raw material grinding水泥粉磨cement grinding开路粉磨open circuit grinding闭路粉磨closed circuit grinding磨机grinding mill原料（生料）磨raw grinding mill水泥磨cement grinding mill球磨（机） ball mill管磨（机） tube mill多仓磨compound mill圆锥形磨conical mill棒磨rod mill风扫磨air-swept mill自磨机autogeneous mill湿法磨wet grinding mill低速转动发动机inching device磨机电机mill motor主电机main motor选粉机separator空气选粉机 air separator旋风式空气选粉机cyclone air separator内部喷水装置internal water injection device粉磨介质grinding media钢球ball衬板仓板lining隔板partition样品sample取样sampling取样器sampler（磨机）端轴trunnion shaft细度fineness水分moisture分解炉calciner喷煤管burner烧成burning, sintering烧窑车间kiln department干法工序dry process湿法工序wet process预热器preheater悬浮预热器 suspension preheater强化型悬浮预热器reinforced suspension preheater 窑kiln泥灰岩marl水泥岩石cement rock粘土质原料 argillaceous raw material页岩shale板岩石slate粘土clay硅质原料silicious raw material硅石silica stone硅砂silica sand铁质原料ferrous raw material铜渣copper slag黄铁矿渣pyrite cinder铁矿石iron ore红泥red mud石膏gypsum萤石fluorite蛇纹岩serpentine石英quartz红土laterite铝矾土bauxite工艺干法工艺dry process半干法工艺 semi-dry process湿法工艺wet process余热锅干法窑dry process kiln with boiler悬浮预热器窑suspension preheater kiln预分解窑new suspension preheater kiln干法长窑dry process long kiln立波尔窑Lepol kiln带过滤器和锅炉的湿法窑wet process kiln with filter and boiler 湿法长窑wet process long kiln回转窑rotary kiln矿山quarry生料制备工序raw material preparing process烧成工序burning process冷却工序cooling process水泥粉磨工序cement grinding process包装工序packing process装卸工序shipping process, loading process燃料重油heavy oil煤coal褐煤lignite天然气natural gas配料配料proportioning配比proportioning ratio目标值target value水硬率hydraulic modulus硅率silica modulus铁率（铅率）Iron modulus(alumina ratio)活性指数activity index石灰饱和系数lime saturation factor配料计算raw mix calculation生料raw mix破碎、分级破碎crushing颚式破碎机jaw crusher搅拌机impeller粉碎grinding磨机mill管磨机tube mill辊磨机roller mill分级classification空气选粉机air separator旋风式选粉机cyclone type separator熟料粉碎clinker grinding入磨机mill feed入选粉机物料separator feed粗粉tailing细粉fines循环比率circulating ratio循环率circulating percentage[此文档可自行编辑修改，如有侵权请告知删除，感谢您的支持，我们会努力把内容做得更好]。
保护渣专用词汇英中对照
保护渣专用词汇英中对照连铸（continuous casting）钢种（steel grade)浇铸断面(casting format)拉速（casting speed)润滑(lubrication)传热（heat transfer）菜籽油(rape seed oil)热流(heat flow)浸入式水口（SEN-submerged entry nozzle）坯壳（steel sheel）保护渣渣膜（slag film）粉煤灰（fly ash)石灰石（limestone）苏打灰（soda ash）萤石(fluorite）硅酸盐(silicate）矿物质（mineral)合成渣(synthetic powder)熔点（melt point)成分(composition）性能(performance）炭黑(carbon black）微合金钢（microalloy steel)不锈钢（stainless steel）渣耗（powder consumption）粘结漏钢（sticker breakout)表面质量（surface quality)摩擦力(friction force）黏度（viscosity）熔化速度（melting rate）凝固系数(solidification coefficient）薄板坯（thin slab )异型坯(beam blank近终形连铸(near net shape continuous casting）石墨（black lead）焦炭(coke)硅灰石（CaO·SiO2）碱度(basicity）粉渣（granulated powder)实心颗粒渣（sincere granuled powder）预熔型保护渣(prefused powder)低碳铝镇静钢(LCAK-low carbon Alumina killed steel）针孔（pinhole)高碳钢(high carbon steel)弯月面（meniscus)振痕(oscillation mark）熔化温度（melting temperature)相图（phase diagram）伪硅灰石（wollastonite,又名tabular spar) 磷(phosphorus）硫（sulfur）助熔剂（fluxing agent)结晶（crystallizing)枪晶石(Cuspidine）钙黄长石（Akermanite）离子（ion）CaO（calcium oxide)氧化物夹杂物（oxide inclusion）玻璃性（vitrecence)CaF２(fluorite）枪晶石(3CaO。
耐火材料连铸三大件的工艺流程
耐火材料连铸三大件的工艺流程英文回答：The process of continuous casting for the three major components of refractory materials involves several steps. First, the raw materials, such as alumina, silica, and magnesia, are carefully selected and mixed according to the desired composition. These materials are then crushed and ground into a fine powder.Next, the powdered raw materials are mixed with a binder, such as clay or a polymer, to form a slurry. The slurry is then poured into a mold or a die, which is usually made of steel. The mold is designed to have the desired shape and dimensions of the refractory component.Once the slurry is poured into the mold, it is left to solidify and dry. This can be done at room temperature or by applying heat. The drying process helps to remove any excess moisture and bind the particles together.After the drying process, the solidified refractory component is removed from the mold. It may require some finishing touches, such as trimming or polishing, to achieve the desired final shape and surface finish.Finally, the refractory component is fired in a kiln at high temperatures. This firing process helps to further strengthen the component and improve its resistance to heat and wear. The temperature and duration of the firing process depend on the specific type of refractory material being used.Once the firing process is completed, the refractory component is ready for use. It can be installed in various industrial applications, such as furnaces, kilns, and reactors, to provide insulation and protection against high temperatures.中文回答：耐火材料连铸三大件的工艺流程包括几个步骤。
烧成温度对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响
第43卷第3期2024年3月硅㊀酸㊀盐㊀通㊀报BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY Vol.43㊀No.3March,2024烧成温度对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响陈㊀曦,刘㊀莹,鄢㊀文(武汉科技大学省部共建耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室,武汉㊀430081)摘要:本工作以矾土水泥与黏土为原料,采用发泡法制备了钙长石隔热耐火材料,通过XRD㊁SEM 和导热仪等分析了烧成温度(1110~1310ħ)对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响,并研究了该种钙长石隔热耐火材料的合成机理㊂结果表明:当烧成温度为1110~1160ħ时,体系内开始生成钙长石,但原料微颗粒间的反应并不完全,生成的液相含量较少,强度较低;当烧成温度为1210~1260ħ时,液相含量增多,钙长石的生成速度加快,强度增大,试样具有较低导热系数;当烧成温度为1310ħ时,液相含量迅速增多,线收缩率迅速增大,试样具有较大强度,但体积密度大幅增长,气孔率降低㊂在1260ħ时,制得了体积密度为0.53g /cm 3㊁气孔率为82.6%㊁抗折强度为1.15MPa㊁耐压强度为1.99MPa㊁800ħ导热系数为0.101W /(m㊃K)的钙长石隔热耐火材料㊂关键词:钙长石;发泡法;烧成温度;隔热;玻璃相;孔径分布中图分类号:TB321㊀㊀文献标志码:A ㊀㊀文章编号:1001-1625(2024)03-1123-10Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Anorthite Insulation RefractoryCHEN Xi ,LIU Ying ,YAN Wen(The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China)Abstract :In this work,bauxite cement and clay were used as raw materials to prepare anorthite insulation refractory by foaming method.On the basis of analyzing the effect of sintering temperature (1110~1310ħ)on the microstructure and properties of anorthite insulation refractory by XRD,SEM and thermal conductivity meter,the synthesis mechanism of anorthite insulation was studied.The results show that when the sintering temperature is between 1110ħand 1160ħ,anorthite begins to form,but the reactions between raw materials are not complete,the liquid phase content is less and the strength is lower.When the sintering temperature is between 1210ħand 1260ħ,the liquid phase content increases,the rate of anorthite formation was accelerates,the strength increases,and the samples have a low thermal conductivity.When the sintering temperature is 1310ħ,the liquid phase content increases rapidly,the linear shrinkage rate increases rapidly,and the samples have higher strength,but the bulk density increases significantly and the porosity decreases.At 1260ħ,the anorthite insulation refractory is prepared,with bulk density of 0.53g /cm 3,porosity of 82.6%,flexural strength of 1.15MPa,compressive strength of 1.99MPa,and thermal conductivity of 0.101W/(m㊃K)at 800ħ.Key words :anorthite;foaming method;sintering temperature;insulation;glass phase;pore size distribution 收稿日期:2023-10-19;修订日期:2023-11-10作者简介:陈㊀曦(1999 ),男,硕士研究生㊂主要从事制备钙长石隔热耐火材料的研究㊂E-mail:535394769@通信作者:鄢㊀文,博士,教授㊂E-mail:yanwen@ 0㊀引㊀言隔热耐火材料具有气孔率高㊁导热系数低等优点,常被用作高温窑炉的保温衬[1],对减少高温窑炉热量损失和降低高温工业能耗起着重要作用[2]㊂钙长石具有体积密度小㊁导热系数低等优点,以其为主要成分的多孔陶瓷是一种良好的隔热材料[3-4]㊂因此,为了降低高温窑炉耐火内衬的散热损失,钙长石隔热耐火材1124㊀耐火材料硅酸盐通报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第43卷料的研究受到越来越多的关注[5-8]㊂目前钙长石隔热耐火材料的常见制备方法有添加造孔剂法[9]㊁泡沫注凝法[10]以及发泡法[11]等㊂韩耀[12]使用泡沫注凝法制备的钙长石隔热耐火材料气孔率为83%,抗压强度为1.65MPa,但其工艺复杂且成本较高㊂顾幸勇等[13]以煅烧黏土和硅灰石为主要原料,通过添加造孔剂法制备了体积密度为0.52g/cm3㊁抗压强度为0.13MPa㊁导热系数(室温)为0.16W/(m㊃K)的钙长石隔热耐火材料,但气孔分布不均匀,容易因结构缺陷造成试样开裂[13],并且造孔剂为可燃物,污染环境㊂相比之下,发泡法工艺简单,制品气孔率高,且不会因造孔剂烧失造成二次污染㊂倪文等[14]以煅烧煤矸石和蓝晶石为主要原料,利用发泡法制备了体积密度为0.47g/cm3㊁抗折强度为0.92MPa㊁导热系数(800ħ)为0.168W/(m㊃K)的钙长石隔热耐火材料㊂耿浩洋等[15]以高岭土和鲁山石为主要原料,利用发泡法制备了体积密度为0.5g/cm3㊁抗压强度为1.25MPa㊁平均孔径为700μm的钙长石隔热耐火材料㊂然而,现有发泡法产生的气泡大小不均匀,易因气孔合并产生较大气泡,且制备的钙长石隔热耐火材料无法同时满足更高强度和更低导热的工业化需求㊂研究[16]表明,浆体的流动性和凝固时间对发泡效果和气孔尺寸具有重要影响,引入铝酸盐水泥不仅有利于解决浆料的凝固和硬化问题,且能提高生坯的强度,便于脱模㊂刘强等[17]引入23%(质量分数)的铝酸盐水泥作为增强剂,制备了体积密度低于0.55g/cm3的钙长石轻质隔热砖,不仅解决了浆体流动性的问题,同时提高了生坯强度㊂除了增大气孔率㊁降低气孔孔径来降低导热系数外,控制材料内部玻璃相含量和黏度也是降低导热系数的有效手段[18-20]㊂本试验以矾土水泥和黏土为原料,通过发泡法制备钙长石隔热耐火材料㊂一方面利用水泥的快硬性促进坯体成型,有效阻止发泡后小气孔合并形成大气孔,减小气孔孔径;另一方面,利用矾土水泥和黏土特定组成,在设计钙长石为主晶相的基础上,控制其玻璃相的含量与黏度,在促进骨架烧结的同时,大幅降低导热系数㊂通过研究烧成温度对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响,提出合成机理㊂1㊀实㊀验1.1㊀原㊀料主要原料为黏土(河南偃师光明高科技有限公司)和矾土水泥(郑州嘉耐特种铝酸盐有限公司),主要化学组成如表1所示,发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS,国药集团化学试剂有限公司),稳泡剂为羧甲基纤维素(CMC,国药集团化学试剂有限公司),减水剂为三聚磷酸钠(STP,国药集团化学试剂有限公司)㊂图1为黏土和水泥的XRD谱㊂由图1可知,水泥的物相组成为一铝酸钙㊁二铝酸钙㊁铝酸三钙和钙铝黄长石,黏土的物相组成为高岭石㊁微斜长石和铁云母㊂图2为黏土的粒度分布和累积分布,颗粒尺寸呈单峰分布,粒径峰为4.08μm,中位粒径为4.41μm㊂表1㊀原料的主要化学组成Table1㊀Main chemical composition of raw materialsRaw material Mass fraction/%Al2O3SiO2Fe2O3CaO MgO K2O Na2O TiO2LOI Clay28.0245.76 1.490.110.150.170.22 1.9121.52 Alumina cement53.87 5.39 1.3532.77 1.230.230.42 2.32 2.101.2㊀样品制备将矾土水泥和黏土按质量比47ʒ53进行配料㊂将配好的原料置于聚氨酯混料桶中以刚玉球为介质混料2h后,将三聚磷酸钠(STP,11g/L)㊁十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS,6.5g/L)和羧甲基纤维素(CMC,4g/L)溶于水后制得溶液,其中m(原料)ʒm(水)=60ʒ40,用家用打蛋器搅拌发泡获得泡沫浆料㊂将发泡后的浆体迅速倒入150mmˑ40mmˑ40mm的长条模具和ϕ50mmˑH50mm的圆柱模具中,分别制得长条样和圆柱样,在室温(大于30ħ)下养护24h后,再放入50ħ烘箱养护12h后进行脱模㊂将脱模后的试样经110ħˑ24h烘干后,置于高温炉中,以5ħ/min的升温速率升温至1000ħ,再以3ħ/min的升温速率升温至目标温度并保温3h,目标温度分别为1110㊁1160㊁1210㊁1260㊁1310ħ,随炉冷却至室温㊂第3期陈㊀曦等:烧成温度对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响1125㊀图1㊀矾土水泥和黏土的XRD 谱Fig.1㊀XRD patterns of bauxite cement andclay 图2㊀黏土的粒度分布和累积分布曲线Fig.2㊀Particle size distribution and cumulative distribution curves ofclay 图3㊀经不同温度烧后各试样的XRD 谱Fig.3㊀XRD patterns of each sample after sintered at different temperatures 1.3㊀样品的表征使用荷兰X Pert ProPhilips 的X 射线衍射仪对烧后试样的物相组成进行分析㊂利用日本JEOL 公司的扫描电子显微镜(SEM,JSM-6610)和能谱仪(EDS,QUANTAX200-30,BRUKER,Germany)测定试样的显微结构和微区成分,并使用Image pro 6.0图像分析软件处理SEM 照片,以测定孔径大小及分布状态㊂使用真密度测试仪测定烧后试样的真密度,并计算得到试样的总气孔率㊂根据‘耐火材料常温抗折强度试验方法“(GB /T 3001 2007)和‘耐火材料常温耐压强度试验方法“(GB /T 5072 2008)分别测试试样在常温下的抗折强度和耐压强度㊂根据‘耐火材料导热系数试验方法“(YB /T 4130 2005),使用水流平板法测定圆盘试样的导热系数㊂使用FactSage 6.2软件中的Equilib模块和Viscosity 模块,计算试样在高温下的液相含量和液相黏度㊂2㊀结果与讨论2.1㊀物相组成图3给出了经不同温度烧后各试样的XRD 谱㊂当烧成温度为1110ħ时,烧后试样的主要物相为钙铝黄长石㊁石英以及二铝酸钙㊂当烧成温度为1160ħ时,主要物相为刚玉㊁钙长石和钙铝黄长石㊂当烧成温度为1210ħ时,主要物相为钙长石和钙铝黄长石㊂当烧成温度升高至1260ħ时,仅有钙长石一种物相㊂1126㊀耐火材料硅酸盐通报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第43卷而当烧成温度继续升高到1310ħ时,除了钙长石,还出现少量钙铝榴石和红铝透辉石㊂2.2㊀显微结构图4~6分别给出了经1110㊁1160㊁1210ħ烧后试样的抛光面与断口处的SEM照片㊂其中C2AS为钙铝黄长石,CAS2为钙长石,CA2为二铝酸钙㊂图4(a)㊁图5(a)和图6(a)分别为三种温度烧后试样抛光面的SEM照片㊂由图可知:当烧成温度为1110ħ时,试样中存在两种类型的气孔,分别是孔壁内的小气孔和发泡所产生的孔壁间大气孔,且孔壁之间存在较多未反应完全的原料大颗粒;当烧成温度为1160ħ时,孔壁内的原料大颗粒逐渐减少,小气孔逐渐增多,并且孔壁间大气孔孔径增大;当烧成温度为1210ħ时,孔壁厚度减小,孔壁内仅存在少量未反应完全的原料大颗粒,孔壁间大气孔孔径继续增大㊂图4(b)㊁(c),图5(b)㊁(c)和图6(b)㊁(c)为经三种温度烧后试样断口处的SEM照片㊂当烧成温度为1110ħ时,原料颗粒之间连接杂乱,能明显地看到未反应的原料大颗粒,并且颗粒表面存在大量细小颗粒以及少量的片状钙铝黄长石,结合XRD分析可知细小颗粒为铝酸钙晶粒㊂当烧成温度为1160ħ时,颗粒的尺寸明显减小,表面的晶粒尺寸减小,细小的片状钙铝黄长石尺寸增大㊂当烧成温度为1210ħ时,钙长石反应基本完成,但其尺寸较小,发育不完全,在颗粒表面仍能看见团絮状的小颗粒堆积,根据XRD和EDS结果可知,絮状的小颗粒为未发育成型的钙铝黄长石㊂图4㊀经1110ħ烧后试样的SEM照片Fig.4㊀SEM images of samples sintered at1110ħ图5㊀经1160ħ烧后试样的SEM照片Fig.5㊀SEM images of samples sintered at1160ħ图7给出了经1260ħ烧后试样的抛光面与断口处的SEM照片㊂图7(a)为1260ħ烧后试样抛光面的SEM照片,当烧成温度为1260ħ时,孔壁内的原料反应完全,孔壁厚度进一步减小,孔壁间产生大量贯通状大气孔,气孔孔径增大㊂图7(b)㊁(c)为经1260ħ烧后试样断口处的SEM照片,当烧成温度上升到1260ħ时,板状钙长石尺寸明显增大且数量增多㊂此外,图8给出了烧成温度为1260ħ时试样孔壁位置的SEM照片,并采用Factsage计算了1260ħ烧后试样玻璃相的化学组成,如表2所示㊂可以看出,当烧成温度为1260ħ时,玻璃相成分主要为SiO2㊁Al2O3和CaO,且均匀地分布在竖条状的钙长石晶粒之间㊂第3期陈㊀曦等:烧成温度对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响1127㊀图6㊀经1210ħ烧后试样的SEM 照片Fig.6㊀SEM images of samples sintered at 1210ħ图7㊀经1260ħ烧后试样的SEM 照片Fig.7㊀SEM images of samples sintered at 1260ħ图8㊀经1260ħ烧后试样抛光后孔壁内部的SEM 照片Fig.8㊀SEM images of pore wall of polished samples sintered at 1260ħ图9给出了经1310ħ烧后试样的抛光面与断口处的SEM 照片㊂图9(a)为1310ħ烧后试样抛光面的SEM 照片,当烧成温度为1310ħ时,试样的收缩程度大幅上升,孔壁厚度增加,孔壁内小气孔和孔壁间大气孔的孔径明显减小㊂图9(b)㊁(c)为经1310ħ烧后试样断口处的SEM 照片,当烧成温度为1310ħ时,板状钙长石完全析出且晶粒发育完全,晶粒较为致密㊂为进一步研究烧后试样的气孔特性,图10给出了各试样的孔径分布和累积分布㊂由图可知,烧后试样的孔径均呈双峰分布㊂孔壁内的小气孔介于3~92μm,孔壁间的大气孔介于100~1000μm㊂随着烧成温度由1110ħ升高至1260ħ,小孔峰逐渐下降且向右移动,大孔峰右移㊂当烧成温度进一步升高至1310ħ时,小孔峰升高且左移,大孔峰左移㊂当烧成温度由1110ħ上升到1260ħ时,气孔的中位径由221μm 上升到474μm,继续升高烧成温度到1310ħ,中位径显著降低到197μm㊂表2㊀经1260ħ烧后试样玻璃相的化学组成Table 2㊀Chemical composition of glass phase of sample sintered at 1260ħComposition Al 2O 3SiO 2Fe 2O 3CaO MgO K 2O Na 2O TiO 2Mass fraction /%27.6640.170.7420.160.590.27 6.32 4.092.3㊀物理性能图11为经不同温度烧后试样的总气孔率和体积密度㊂当烧成温度从1110ħ升高至1260ħ时,总气孔率从85.7%降低至82.6%,体积密度从0.43g /cm 3增大至0.53g /cm 3㊂当烧成温度进一步升高到1310ħ1128㊀耐火材料硅酸盐通报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第43卷时,总气孔率显著降低至76.7%,体积密度增大至0.71g /cm 3㊂图9㊀经1310ħ烧后试样的SEM 照片Fig.9㊀SEM images of samples sintered at 1310ħ图10㊀经不同温度烧后试样的孔径分布曲线和累积分布曲线Fig.10㊀Pore size distribution and cumulative distribution curves of samples sintered at different temperatures 图12为经不同温度烧后试样的抗折强度与耐压强度㊂当烧成温度从1110ħ升高至1260ħ时,抗折强度从0.38MPa 增大至1.15MPa,耐压强度从0.86MPa 增大至1.99MPa㊂当烧成温度进一步升高到1310ħ时,抗折强度显著增大至2.54MPa,耐压强度增大至4.94MPa㊂图11㊀经不同温度烧后试样的总气孔率和体积密度Fig.11㊀Total porosity and bulk density of samples sintered at differenttemperatures 图12㊀经不同温度烧后试样的抗折强度与耐压强度Fig.12㊀Flexural strength and compressive strength of samples sintered at different temperatures图13为1260ħ烧后试样在不同温度下的导热系数,随着测试温度由350ħ升高到1000ħ,试样的导热系数由0.085W /(m㊃K)上升到0.112W /(m㊃K),其中800ħ时的导热系数为0.101W /(m㊃K)㊂表3第3期陈㊀曦等:烧成温度对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响1129㊀给出了其他钙长石隔热耐火材料与本研究的导热系数比较,从表中可以看出,相比其他钙长石隔热耐火材料,尽管本研究试样体积密度较高,但其导热系数较低㊂图13㊀试样经1260ħ烧后在不同温度下的导热系数Fig.13㊀Thermal conductivity of sample sintered at 1260ħat different test temperatures表3㊀其他钙长石隔热耐火材料的导热系数与本研究的比较Table 3㊀Comparison of thermal conductivity of other anorthite insulation refractories with this studyProduct Bulk density /(g㊃cm -3)Thermal conductivity(800ħ)/(W㊃m -1㊃K -1)Commercially available product [21]0.4~0.650.19Anorthite lightweight brick Jm23[22]0.480.17Liu [22]0.450.16Ni [14]0.470.17Priogov [23]0.450.16This study(1260ħ)0.530.102.4㊀分析讨论由上述结果可知,烧成温度对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构和性能有重要影响,当烧成温度为1260ħ时,材料时兼具高强度和低导热系数㊂影响钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的主要因素包括成型与烧成过程中的水泥水化㊁钙长石形成以及气孔结构演变㊂当温度大于30ħ时,生坯中的水泥会发生式(1)㊁(2)所示的水化反应,水泥的水化反应会放出大量热,对浇注后的坯体起到很大程度的助凝作用,使得湿坯体能够快速凝固硬化,从而阻止小气孔合并成为大气孔㊂CaAl 2O 4+n H 2O ңC 3AH 6+AH 3(1)CaAl 4O 7+n H 2O ңC 3AH 6+AH 3(2)图14㊀不同温度下试样中液相的含量和黏度Fig.14㊀Liquid phase content and liquid phase viscosity of samples at different temperatures图14为不同温度下试样中液相的含量和黏度㊂在烧成过程中,随着温度的升高,水泥的水化产物进一步分解成CaAl 2O 4(CA)和CaAl 4O 7(CA 2)[24],黏土脱去结合水,生成偏高岭石[25-26],形成具有微孔的黏土假象㊂当烧成温度升高至1110~1210ħ时,试样中高温液相含量增大至2.49%~3.42%,黏度减小至6.54ˑ104~1.95ˑ103Pa㊃s,来自水泥颗粒中的CA㊁CA 2和黏土假象中的SiO 2会发生反应生成钙铝黄长石(如式(3)㊁(4)所示);随后钙铝黄长石与液相中的Al 2O 3和SiO 2反应生成钙长石(如式(5)所示)㊂液相含量的增加以及黏度的降低一方面增大了钙长石的生成速率;另一方面,促进了颗粒间的反应,孔壁间的原料颗粒逐渐减少(图5㊁图6),孔壁内的小气孔向孔1130㊀耐火材料硅酸盐通报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第43卷壁间大气孔中迁移,大气孔孔径增大,孔壁致密化程度逐渐增大,孔壁厚度减小,总气孔率降低,强度增加㊂2CaAl2O4+SiO2ңCa2Al2SiO7+Al2O3(3)2CaAl4O7+SiO2ңCa2Al2SiO7+3Al2O3(4)Ca2Al2SiO7+Al2O3+3SiO2ң2CaAl2Si2O8(5)当烧成温度升高至1260ħ时,反应烧结的致密化进程加快㊂此时,试样中高温液相含量增大至5.92%,高温液相含量的进一步增大促进了液相对颗粒的润湿和扩散行为,增加了液相与颗粒之间的接触面积,增大了钙铝黄长石向液相中的溶解速率,促进了钙长石晶粒的析出(见式(5))㊂因此,试样孔壁间的原料颗粒全部反应生成钙长石,孔壁内的小气孔向孔壁间大气孔中迁移的速率增大,大气孔孔径增加,且孔壁致密化程度增大,孔壁厚度显著减小,总气孔率降低,但强度进一步增大㊂继续升高温度至1310ħ时,液相含量急剧升高至12.23%,此时在反应烧结和液相烧结的共同作用下,虽然烧结致密化程度大幅增加,但试样的线收缩率急剧增大,孔壁厚度显著增加,且试样的收缩速率远远大于孔壁内小气孔向孔壁间大气孔的迁移速率,这就使得试样孔壁间气孔孔径大幅减小,气孔率显著降低,表现出增强的力学性能㊂综合比较各温度烧后试样的物理性能及显微结构,当烧成温度为1260ħ时,试样具有最优性能,均匀且较小的孔径使得试样具有较低的导热系数,此时烧后试样的物相组成仅为钙长石㊂表4给出了其他钙长石隔热耐火材料与本研究制品在不同服役温度下玻璃相的黏度对比㊂由表可知,对比于其他钙长石隔热耐火材料制品,本研究制品的玻璃相含量较低,在850~1050ħ的使用温度下,本制品玻璃相黏度略高于其他制品,较少含量和较高黏度的玻璃相均匀分布在钙长石之间[27-29],形成钙长石-玻璃相结构,在一定程度上降低了钙长石隔热耐火材料的导热系数㊂表4㊀其他钙长石隔热耐火材料与本研究制品在不同服役温度下玻璃相的黏度对比Table4㊀Comparison of viscosity of glass phase between other anorthite insulation refractories andthis research product at different service temperaturesProduct Viscosity/(Pa㊃s)850ħ900ħ950ħ1000ħ1050ħThis study(Glass phase content:5.92%) 4.40ˑ108 3.99ˑ106 4.93ˑ1057.79ˑ104 1.50ˑ104 Gu[13](Glass phase content:12.17%) 6.89ˑ1067.10ˑ105 1.02ˑ105 1.92ˑ104 4.46ˑ103 Anorthite lightweight brick Jm23[22](Glass phase content:9.67%) 1.74ˑ107 2.01ˑ106 3.10ˑ105 5.95ˑ104 1.36ˑ1043㊀结㊀论1)当烧成温度从1110ħ升高至1210ħ时,原料颗粒之间的反应加剧,优先生成钙铝黄长石,同时钙铝黄长石反应生成钙长石的速度逐渐加快;当烧成温度升高至1260ħ时,孔壁间的原料颗粒反应完全,钙铝黄长石全部反应生成钙长石;进一步升高温度至1310ħ时,液相含量急剧增多,钙长石部分溶解进入液相中,生成少量的钙铝榴石和红铝透辉石㊂2)当烧成温度为从1110ħ升高至1260ħ时,孔壁间的原料颗粒逐渐减少,孔壁内小气孔向孔壁间大气孔迁移,孔壁致密化程度逐渐增大,总气孔率降低,强度提高;继续升高温度至1310ħ,液相含量急剧升高,在反应烧结和液相烧结的共同作用下,烧结致密化程度大幅增加,试样的收缩速率远远大于孔壁内小气孔向孔壁间大气孔的迁移速率,试样孔径减小且气孔率降低㊂3)当烧成温度为1260ħ时,钙长石隔热耐火材料具有最优异的综合性能,总气孔率为82.6%,中位孔径为474μm,抗折强度为1.15MPa,耐压强度为1.99MPa,800ħ时的导热系数为0.101W/(m㊃K),与市售钙长石隔热耐火材料相比,导热系数降低了46.8%㊂参考文献[1]㊀WANG H L,LI Y B,YIN B,et al.Synthesis and application evaluation in lithium battery furnace of mullite 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耐火材料连铸三大件的工艺流程
耐火材料连铸三大件的工艺流程英文回答：The process of continuous casting of refractory materials involves several steps to produce the three major components. First, the raw materials are carefully selected and prepared. This includes choosing the appropriate refractory materials such as alumina, silica, and magnesia, and ensuring they are in the proper particle size and composition.Once the raw materials are prepared, they are mixed together with binders and additives to form a slurry or a plastic mass. This mixture is then poured into molds or shaped using various techniques such as extrusion or pressing. The molds are designed to create the desired shape and size of the refractory components.After the shaping process, the molded components are dried to remove any excess moisture. This is typically donein a drying oven or using other drying techniques such asair drying or infrared drying. The drying process is important to ensure the components are free from moisture, which can cause defects or cracks during the firing process.Once the components are dried, they are fired in a kiln at high temperatures. This firing process, also known as sintering, is crucial for the development of the desired properties of the refractory materials. The high temperatures cause the raw materials to undergo chemical reactions and transform into a solid, dense structure.After firing, the components are cooled down and undergo quality control checks to ensure they meet the required specifications. This may include checking for dimensional accuracy, strength, and thermal properties. Any defective components are discarded or undergo further processing to correct the defects.Finally, the finished components are packaged and prepared for shipment to customers. They can be used in various industries such as steelmaking, foundries, andglass manufacturing.中文回答：耐火材料连铸三大件的工艺流程包括以下几个步骤来生产。
铝业英语词汇
铝业英语词汇铝业英语词汇铝支承结构 aluminum bearing structure 铝雷管 aluminum blasting cap铝车身 aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面 aluminum bonded roof covering铝黄铜 aluminum brass铝桥 aluminum bridge铝青铜 aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料 aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门 aluminum building entrance door铝制建筑构件 aluminum building member铝制建筑制品 aluminum building product铝制建筑板材 aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件 aluminum building unit铝心电缆 aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套 aluminum cable sheath铝雷管 aluminum cap铸铝 aluminum casting铸铝合金 aluminum casting alloy矾土水泥aluminum cement槽型铝材 aluminum channel花纹铝箔 aluminum checker/checkered foil 铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件 aluminum component铝化合物 aluminum compound铝芯电缆 aluminum conductor铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材 aluminum corrugated section 铝制波纹片 aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹构件 aluminum corrugated unit铝板屋顶 aluminum deck/deck roof铝顶板构件 aluminum deck unit铝装饰型材 aluminum decorative section压铸铝aluminum die casting铝制檐沟 aluminum eave gutter/ trought 铝电极法 aluminum electrode methed铝制建筑外门 aluminum entrance door挤压铝制品 aluminum 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aluminum patent glazing bar 多孔铝制天花板 aluminum perforated ceiling铝颜料 aluminum pigment铝柱 aluminum post铝打底涂料 aluminum primer铝材 aluminum product成型铝板 aluminum profile panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profile sheet成型铝板 aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手 aluminum pull铝门拉手 aluminum pull handle铝檩条 aluminum purlin铝扶手 aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅 aluminum rolling grille铝辊式破碎机 aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗 aluminum rolling shutter 铝制卷板条 aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶 aluminum roofing夹层铝板 aluminum sandwch panel铝窗框 aluminum sash铝螺丝 aluminum screw密封铝皮 aluminum seal/sealing sheeting 铝结构型材 aluminum section铝结构型材 aluminum shape铝制建筑板材 aluminum sheet铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet lining铝板屋面 aluminum sheet roof铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet surface铝板屋面 aluminum sheeting roof铝模板 aluminum shuttering铝墙板 aluminum siding硅酸铝 aluminum silicate铝仓筒 aluminum silo铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink unit铝包皮 aluminum skin超高铝制烟囱 aluminum skyscraper铝板放护板 aluminum slatted blind铝板卷开百叶窗 aluminum slatted rollor blink推拉式铝门 aluminum sliding door铝熔炼厂 aluminum smelting plant铝皂 aluminum soap软铝棉 aluminum soft wool铝焊料 aluminum solder铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling铝制支架底板 aluminum stabilizer base硬脂酸铝 aluminum stearate铝钢 aluminum steel道路照明铝制电杆 aluminum street lighting column 铝板条 aluminum strip硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate sulfate铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunbreaker铝铺面 aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门 aluminum swing door铝轨 aluminum track铝结构型材 aluminum trim铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝墙纸 aluminum wallpaper铝焊条 aluminum welding rod铝窗装置 aluminum window furniture铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构 aluminum wood composite system 铝纤维 aluminum wool锻制铝合金 aluminum wrought alloy锌铝 aluminum zinc铝密封 alumiseal明矾石 alumite氧化铝板 alumite tile防蚀铝线 alumite wire明矾石 alumstone铝氧粉 alundum刚铝石水泥 alundum cement铝石砖 alundum tile铝锭Aluminum Ingot氧化铝 alumina ，aluminum oxide氢氧化铝 Hydrogen alumina电解铝electrolyse aluminum镀铝aluminum plating铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet花纹铝板 Aluminum embossed sheet彩铝板 coloredAluminum plate纯铝板pure Aluminum plate复合铝板clad aluminium硬铝板 duralumin sheet铝合金Aluminum alloy锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝基硅镁合金anticorodal耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy铝黄铜aluminum brass铝青铜aluminum bronze高铝砖alumina brick铝合金型材aluminium alloy sections铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝型材Aluminumprofile铝棒 Aluminum stick/rod铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝箔 Aluminum foil铝卷 Aluminum roll铝带/铝条 Aluminum strip铝线 Aluminum thread/wire钢芯铝绞线 aluminium cable steel reinforcing 铝管 Aluminum pipe/tube精拉铝管 finishing Aluminum tube伸缩铝管 extension Aluminum tube挤压铝管extruded aluminum pipe铝管避雷器 aluminium cell lightning arrester 挤压铝窗台 extruded aluminum sill铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝曲管bended aluminium tube无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe散热器 Radiator铝塑板 Aluminum plastic board铝天花 Aluminum ceiling铝板贴面吸声天花板 aluminum absorbent ceiling铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles 铝幕墙 Aluminum curtain wall铝制品 Aluminum products铝制器皿 aluminium ware铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝圆片 Aluminum wafer铝铸件 Aluminum casting铝锻件Aluminum forge铝盖 Aluminum cover铝箱 Aluminum trunk铝梯 Aluminum stairs铝粉 Aluminumpowder高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics铝门窗 Aluminum Doors & Windows废铝aluminium scrap铝片 sheet aluminium铝标牌 aluminium scutcheon铝铆钉 aluminum rivet铝轮毂 aluminum wheel spider/hub铝百叶 aluminum shutter铝箔制品Aluminum foil products原铝 virgin Aluminum铝梁 aluminum beam工业铝原料industrial Aluminum materials 铁分离器iron separator磁性上辊 magnetic roller过滤器 filter去磁器demagnetizer振动筛vibration sieve熔炼焊剂 smelting flux镁助熔剂 eliminate magnesium flux 原辅材料 Raw Materials铝矿aluminum ore铝土矿alumyte铝矾土bauxite铝砂aloxite涂料 coating耐火材料 refractory material稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE) 添加剂 additive氟化盐 fluoride salt氧化锌zinc oxide氟化铝aluminium fluoride硅酸铝aluminum silicate氯化铝aluminum chloride硝酸铝aluminum nitrate氮化铝aluminum nitride焦碳. coke石灰石 limestone冰晶石 cryolite电解滤液electrolyse filtrate熔剂油flux oil滤清油filtering oil纯碱 alkali絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture液碱精炼剂refining agent覆盖剂covering agent打渣剂fluxing medium液压油hydraulic liquid/medium过滤板screen plate 包装材料 Packaging Material抛光剂 polishing composition纸管 paper tube纸制品 paper products纸板 paperboard厚纸板 cardboard铝酸盐 aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝酸aluminic acid铝铸件aluminium castings铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝化荧光屏aluminized screen渗铝aluminizing铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory 铝焊料aluminum solder防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint催化剂catalyzer含铝材料alumina-bearing material高铝矿渣aluminous clinke机械设备Machinery equipment工业炉 Industrial furnace挤压设备extrusion equipment铝电解设备 Aluminum electrolyse Equipment 熔铸设备Founding Equipment净化设备 Purifying Equipment冷轧设备 Cold-rolled Equipment热轧设备 Heat-rolled Equipment铸扎设备Founding Equipment包装设备 packaging equipment检测设备inspection equipment切割设备 Cutting Equipment磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment焊接设备 Jointing equipment压延设备 Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备 Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备 Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment 型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment表面处理设备 Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备 Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备 aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备 cutting apparatus剪切设备 shearing equipment涂层设备 Coating equipment清洗设备 cleaning equipment喷涂设备 spraying equipment抛光设备 polishing unit气体发生设备 gas generation equipment工业毛毡 Industrial felt整型机integer machine铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝热焊aluminothermic welding≤-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------其他 others铝支承结构 aluminum bearing structure铝雷管 aluminum blasting cap铝车身 aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面 aluminum bonded roof covering铝黄铜 aluminum brass铝桥 aluminum bridge铝青铜 aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料 aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门 aluminum building entrance door铝制建筑构件 aluminum building member铝制建筑制品 aluminum building product铝制建筑板材 aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件 aluminum building unit铝心电缆 aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套 aluminum cable sheath铝雷管 aluminum cap铸铝 aluminum casting铸铝合金 aluminum casting alloy矾土水泥aluminum cement槽型铝材 aluminum channel花纹铝箔 aluminum checker/checkered foil 铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件 aluminum component铝化合物 aluminum compound铝芯电缆 aluminum conductor铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材 aluminum corrugated section 铝制波纹片 aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹构件 aluminum corrugated unit铝板屋顶 aluminum deck/deck roof铝顶板构件 aluminum deck unit铝装饰型材 aluminum decorative section 压铸铝aluminum die casting铝制檐沟 aluminum eave gutter/ trought 铝电极法 aluminum electrode methed铝制建筑外门 aluminum entrance door挤压铝制品 aluminum extrusion铝制结构立面 aluminum facade铅制结构正面 aluminum face铝饰镶面 aluminum facing铝制围栏 aluminum fence铝制小五金 aluminum fillings铝指板aluminum finger plate高岭土 aluminum flake防雨铝板 aluminum flashing楼面铝 aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层 aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层 aluminum flooring finish 薄铝片 aluminum foil铝箔背衬 aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insertion铝制折板屋顶 aluminum folded plate roof 铝制模板 aluminum form铝制模板 aluminum form work铝制框架 aluminum frame铝制结构立面 aluminum front铝密封垫圈 aluminum gasket铝金aluminum gold铝皂润滑脂 aluminum grease铝窗格 aluminum grid铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制格栅 aluminum grille铝制扶手 aluminum hand railing铝制小五金 aluminum handware铝制铰链 aluminum hinge氢氧化铝 aluminum hydrate铝铁 aluminum iron铝衬裹 aluminum lining铝制过梁 aluminum lintel铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium alloy铝制建筑构件 aluminum member铝网 aluminum mesh铝模 aluminum mould铝钉 aluminum nail铝装饰型材 aluminum ornamental section铝支柱底板 aluminum outrigger base铝涂料 aluminum paint银粉漆涂层 aluminum paint coating铝板隔墙 aluminum partition银灰漆 aluminum paste铝制玻璃格条 aluminum patent glazing bar 多孔铝制天花板 aluminum perforated ceiling 铝颜料 aluminum pigment铝柱 aluminum post铝打底涂料 aluminum primer铝材 aluminum product成型铝板 aluminum profile panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profile sheet成型铝板 aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手 aluminum pull铝门拉手 aluminum pull handle铝檩条 aluminum purlin铝扶手 aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅 aluminum rolling grille铝辊式破碎机 aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗 aluminum rolling shutter 铝制卷板条 aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶 aluminum roofing夹层铝板 aluminum sandwch panel铝窗框 aluminum sash铝螺丝 aluminum screw密封铝皮 aluminum seal/sealing sheeting 铝结构型材 aluminum section铝结构型材 aluminum shape铝制建筑板材 aluminum sheet铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet lining铝板屋面 aluminum sheet roof铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet surface铝板屋面 aluminum sheeting roof铝模板 aluminum shuttering铝墙板 aluminum siding硅酸铝 aluminum silicate铝仓筒 aluminum silo铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink unit铝包皮 aluminum skin超高铝制烟囱 aluminum skyscraper铝板放护板 aluminum slatted blind铝板卷开百叶窗 aluminum slatted rollor blink 推拉式铝门 aluminum sliding door铝熔炼厂 aluminum smelting plant铝皂 aluminum soap软铝棉 aluminum soft wool铝焊料 aluminum solder铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling 铝制支架底板 aluminum stabilizer base硬脂酸铝 aluminum stearate铝钢 aluminum steel道路照明铝制电杆 aluminum street lighting column 铝板条 aluminum strip硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate sulfate铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunbreaker铝铺面 aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门 aluminum swing door铝轨 aluminum track铝结构型材 aluminum trim铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝墙纸 aluminum wallpaper铝焊条 aluminum welding rod铝窗装置 aluminum window furniture铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构 aluminum wood composite system铝纤维 aluminum wool锻制铝合金 aluminum wrought alloy锌铝 aluminum zinc铝密封 alumiseal明矾石 alumite氧化铝板 alumite tile防蚀铝线 alumite wire明矾石 alumstone铝氧粉 alundum刚铝石水泥 alundum cement 铝石砖 alundum tile。
耐火材料专业词汇
acid refractory 酸性耐火材料addition 外加剂adhesives 粘结剂affinage furnace 精炼炉agglutinant 烧结剂agitator 搅拌机air set binder 气硬性结合剂air stove 热风炉albite 钠长石alcohol 乙醇alpha-alumina a氧化铝alpha phase a相alumdum powder 刚玉粉alumdum product 电熔刚玉制品alumina 氧化铝sintered alumina 烧结氧化铝alumina ball 氧化铝球alumina brick 高铝砖alumina carbon brick 铝碳砖alumina carbon refractory 铝碳质耐火材料alumina cement 高铝水泥alumina-chrome brick 铝铬砖alumina coats 氧化铝涂层alumina content 氧化铝含量alumina fibres 氧化铝纤维alumina firebrick 氧化铝耐火砖高铝砖alumina-graphite submerged nozzle 铝碳浸入式水口alumina industry 氧化铝工业alumina light-weight brick 氧化铝轻质砖alumina-magnesia brick 铝镁砖alumina powder 氧化铝粉alumina products 氧化铝制品alumina refractory 氧化铝质耐火材料alumina refractory bubble products 氧化铝耐火空心球制品alumina-rich brick 高铝砖alumina scale 氧化铝结瘤alumina silica brick 铝硅砖alumina silica refractory raw materials 硅酸铝质耐火原料aluminate 铝酸盐aluminate cement 铝酸盐水泥aluminate trihydrate 氢氧化铝alumina ware 氧化铝制品aluminium 铝Alaluminium carbide 碳化铝aluminium dust 铝粉aluminium flakes 铝粉aluminium hydrate 氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminium nitride 氮化铝aluminium orthophosphate 正磷酸铝aluminium oxide 氧化铝aluminium oxide fiber 氧化铝纤维aluminium phosphate 磷酸铝aluminium silicate fiber 硅酸铝纤维aluminium sulphate 硫酸铝aluminium titanate 钛酸铝aluminochrome phosphare binder 铝铬磷酸盐结合剂aluminophosphate binding agent 磷酸铝结合剂aluminophosphate bonded siliconcarbide ramming mass 磷酸铝结合碳化硅捣打料aluminosilicate 硅酸铝aluminosilicate fibre 硅酸铝纤维aluminosilicate gunite mixture 硅酸铝喷补料aluminosilicate refractory 硅酸铝质耐火材料alumino-silicon-carbide calibrated nonswirl nozzle 高铝碳化硅定径水口alumino-silicon-carbide product 高铝碳化硅制品aluminothermic method 铝热法aluminous cement 矾土水泥aluminous cement bond 矾土水泥结合剂aluminous ceramic 氧化铝陶瓷aluminous firebrick 高铝砖aluminous spinel 铝尖晶石alum-calcium cement 铝酸钙水泥alumoferrite 铁酸铝alumo-magnesia spinel 铝镁尖晶石alumyte 铝土矿alundum 棕刚玉烧结刚玉alundum powder 刚玉粉氧化铝粉alundum refractory 刚玉耐火材料amargosite 膨润土ambient compressive strength 常温耐压强度ambient temperature 常温amiantus 石棉amorphous carbon 无定形碳amorphous graphite 无定形石墨amorphous silica 无定形氧化硅amphodelite 钙长石chemical analysis 化学分析complete analysis 全分析composition analysis 成分分析rock-facies analysis 岩相分析size analysis 粒度分析analysis of spectra 光谱分析analyst 化验员analytical balance 分析天平analytical pure 分析纯anauxite 富铝高岭石andalusite 红柱石anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrous lime 未消化石灰anisotropic acicular cristobalite 各向异性针状方石英anisotropic flaky cristobalite 各向异性鳞片状方石英anisotropic stable cristobalite 各向异性稳定方石英annual capacity 年产量anthracite 无烟煤anti-foaming agent 消泡剂antioxidant 抗氧化剂anti-strip 抗剥落AOD furnace AOD炉apparent initial softening point 软化开始点apparent porosity 显气孔率apparent specific gravity 假比重apyre 红柱石arc brick 弧形砖arc furnace 电弧炉arch brick 锲形砖arch crown 圆形窑顶areolar structure 蜂窝状结构areopycnometric menthod 液体比重测定法argil 白粘土陶土argillite 硬质粘土argon 氩argon blowing 吹氩argon flushing station 吹氩站argon gas 氩气argon-nitrogen-oxygen refining 氩氮氧精炼argon-oxygen decarburization 氩氧脱碳argon-oxygen decarburization vessel AOD炉氩氧精炼炉argon-oxygen refining 氩氧精炼artificial dolomite 人造白云石artificial fibre 人造纤维artificial graphite 人造石墨asbestos 石棉asbestus 石棉aseismatic test 抗震试验ash 灰渣灰分ash analysis 灰分分析askanite 蒙脱石asphalt 沥青asphalt binder 沥青结合剂asphalt coating 沥青涂层assay curve 试验曲线assisant engineer 助理工程师attached water 结合水chemical attack 化学侵蚀lining attack 炉衬侵蚀pitting attack 点蚀slag attack 炉渣侵蚀attrition mill 碾泥机attritor 磨碎机auerbachite 锆石automatic bacther 自动配料器automatic control system 自动控制系统automatic particle-size analysis 自动粒度分析automatic press 自动压砖机automatic setting machine 自动码砖机automatic shaft kiln 自动化竖窑automatic weighting feeder 自动重量配料机average 平均average fineness 平均细度average life period 平均寿命average (particle) size 平均粒度average thermal expansion coefficient 平均热膨胀率average value 平均值axis of abscissa 横坐标轴axis of ordinate 纵坐标轴azorite 锆英石backing layer 永久层baddeleyite 斜锆石baddeleyite concentrate 斜锆石精矿baddeleyite corundum product 锆刚玉制品baddeleyite corundum refractory 锆刚玉耐火材料baddeleyite product 斜锆石制品baffle crusher 反击式破碎机bag dust collectors 袋式除尘器bakelite resin 酚醛树脂baker 烘炉干燥器bakie 中间包ball clay 球粘土ball crusher 球磨机balling 成球造粒ball mills 球磨机ball stuff 炮泥banded structure 层状结构bar 棒模芯barbadoes earth 硅藻土barrow 手推车basic brick 碱性砖basic capacity 碱度basic cinder 碱性渣basic electric arc furnace 碱性电弧炉basic firebrick 碱性耐火砖basicity 碱度slag basicity 炉渣碱度basic lining 碱性炉衬basic oxide 碱性氧化物basic refractories 碱性耐火材料basic roof 碱性炉顶basic slag 碱性渣basic slag brick 碱性砖batch 混合料batch agitator 间歇式搅拌器batch blending 调整配方batch composition 配料成份batch formula 配方baths 熔池baume 波美度bauxite 铝土矿矾土bauxite brick 矾土砖bauxite cement 矾土水泥bauxite chamotte 高铝矾土熟料bauxite clay 铝质矾土bauxite ore 铝土矿bauxite refractory 铝矾土耐火材料bauxite with low iron content 低铁铝土矿bayerite 三水铝石Bayer process 拜尔法breaker 烧杯bear 结瘤Beaume 波美度bed 矿床bedding plant 料场beginning of fusion 熔点belite 硅酸二钙bell 漏斗砖bell damper 料钟测温锥belt 皮带belt batcher 带式配料器belt conveyer 皮带运输机belt dryer 带式干燥器belt elevator 斗式提升机belt feeder 带式给料器bending strength 抗折强度bending stress 弯曲应力bending test 抗折试验beneficiated material 精料beneficiation 选矿bentonite 膨润土陶土bergmeal 硅藻土beta-cristobalite β-方石英Bessemer ladle 底注盛钢桶酸性盛钢桶bevel brick 斜角砖bevel end brick 楔形砖B.H.N(brinell hardness number)布氏硬度bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐billets 坯料bin 仓stock bin 贮料仓storage bin 贮仓binary 二元的binary compound 二元化合物binary consitiution diagram 二元系平衡图binary eutectic 二元共熔体binary mixture 二元混合物binary phase diagram 二元系相图binary silicate 复式硅酸盐binary system 二元系binder 结合剂粘接剂binder phase 结合相binders 粘接剂结合剂binding agents 粘接剂结合剂binding clay 结合粘土binding component 结合剂binding element 结合剂粘接剂binding material 结合料凝胶材料binding mechanism 结合机理。
氧化铝生产中细小杂质的控制方法研究
冶金冶炼M etallurgical smelting氧化铝生产中细小杂质的控制方法研究王大兵，李雪伟，崔海滨（山东龙口东海氧化铝有限公司，山东 烟台 ２６４０００）摘 要：随着我国工业快速发展，作为工业原材料之一的氧化铝的需求也在不断增加，但是当前氧化铝生产过程中会存在细小的杂质，影响氧化铝生产质量和等级，为此提出氧化铝生产中细小杂质的控制方法研究。
研究氧化铝生产中细小杂质的控制方法，通过对氧化铝进行析出沉淀、电解分离和活性炭吸附三个步骤，控制氧化铝生产过程中产生的细小杂质。
从而提高氧化铝制品的质量、性能、美观和等级，避免使用过程中发生安全事故。
通过实验论证分析，对比本文提出的氧化铝生产中细小杂质的控制方法与传统控制方法，控制氧化铝生产中细小杂质存在率，从而证明本文提出的氧化铝生产中细小杂质的控制方法有效。
关键词：氧化铝；细小杂质；控制方法；生产中图分类号：ＴＦ８０３．２５ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：１００２－５０６５（２０２０）０６－００２４－２Study on the control method of fine impurities in alumina productionWANG Da-bing, LI Xue-wei, CUI Hai-bin（Ｓｈａｎｄｏｎｇ Ｌｏｎｇｋｏｕ Ｄｏｎｇｈａｉ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ Ｃｏ．， Ｌｔｄ，Ｙａｎｔａｉ ２６４０００，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Abstract: Ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｒａｐｉｄ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎａ＇ｓ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ， ｔｈｅ ｄｅｍａｎｄ ｆｏｒ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ， ａｓ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌ ｒａｗ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ， ｉｓ ａｌｓｏ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ． Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ， ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｓｍａｌｌ ｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｏｆ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｗｉｌｌ ａｆｆｅｃｔ ｔｈｅ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ｇｒａｄｅ ｏｆ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ． Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ， ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｏｆ ｓｍａｌｌ ｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ． Ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｏｆ ｆｉｎｅ ｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ． Ｔｈｅ ｆｉｎｅ ｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｗｅｒｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄ ｂｙ ｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎ， ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃ ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ ｃａｒｂｏｎ ａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ． Ｓｏ ａｓ ｔｏ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ， ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ， ｂｅａｕｔｙ ａｎｄ ｇｒａｄｅ ｏｆ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ ａｎｄ ａｖｏｉｄ ｓａｆｅｔｙ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｕｓｅ． Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ， ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｏｆ ｆｉｎｅ ｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ｉｓ ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｔｏ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ ｒａｔｅ ｏｆ ｓｍａｌｌ ｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｐｒｏｖｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｏｆ ｓｍａｌｌ ｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ａｌｕｍｉｎａ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ｉｓ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ．Keywords: ａｌｕｍｉｎａ； ｆｉｎｅ ｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｉｅｓ； ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ； ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ随着我国经济快速发展，电解铝、陶瓷、医药、电子、机械等行业发展势头迅猛，作为这些行业重要原料之一的氧化铝，得到市场广泛需求，被用于分析试剂、有机溶剂的脱水、吸附剂、有机反应催化剂、研磨剂、抛光剂、冶炼铝的原料、耐火材料等[1]。
火花塞陶瓷工艺流程
火花塞陶瓷工艺流程English Answer：Spark Plug Ceramic Manufacturing Process.The manufacturing process of ceramic spark plugs involves several key steps to ensure the production ofhigh-quality and reliable components. Here is a general overview of the process:1. Raw Material Preparation:The first step is to prepare the raw materials, which typically include alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), and other additives. These materials are carefully proportioned and mixed to achieve the desired ceramic composition.2. Forming:The prepared raw materials are shaped using variousmethods, such as injection molding, dry pressing, or slip casting. The forming process creates the basic shape of the spark plug ceramic.3. Drying:After forming, the ceramic parts are subjected to a drying process to remove excess moisture. This helps to prevent cracking and warping during subsequent firing steps.4. Sintering:The dried ceramic parts are fired at high temperatures (typically around 1600°C to 1800°C) in a kiln. This process fuses the ceramic particles together, forming a dense and strong structure.5. Glazing:A thin layer of glaze is applied to the ceramic surface to enhance its electrical and mechanical properties. The glaze is fired at a lower temperature than the sinteringprocess.6. Metallization:Metal electrodes are deposited onto the ceramic body using a variety of techniques, such as electroplating or thermal spraying. These electrodes provide electrical conductivity and connect the spark plug to the ignition system.7. Assembly:The individual components, including the ceramic insulator, electrodes, and terminals, are assembled together to form the complete spark plug.8. Testing:Before packaging and distribution, the spark plugs undergo rigorous testing to ensure they meet performance and quality standards. Tests include electrical insulation measurements, spark gap verification, and mechanicaldurability assessments.Chinese Answer：火花塞陶瓷工艺流程。
铝材英语术语
For personal use only in study and research;not for commercial use铝锭aluminum ingot包装材料Packaging Material包装设备packaging equipment表面处理设备Surface Treatment Equipment 表面预处理surface pretreatment冰晶石cryolite薄铝片aluminum foil彩铝板colored Aluminum plate槽型铝材aluminum channel超高铝制烟囱aluminum skyscraper超声波清洗ultrasonic clesning成型薄铝板aluminum profile sheet成型薄铝板aluminum profiled sheet成型铝板aluminum profile panel成型铝板aluminum profiled panel除灰desmutting纯碱alkali纯铝板pure Aluminum plate磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment磁性上辊magnetic roller催化剂catalyzer 打渣剂fluxing medium带式磨光belt grinding氮化铝aluminum nitride道路照明铝制电杆aluminum street lighting column电镀electroplating电解electrolysis电解浸蚀electrolytic etching电解滤液electrolyse filtrate电解铝electrolyse aluminum电解抛光electroplishing电解液electorlyte电解增光electrobrightening电流密度current density电流效率current efficiency镀铝aluminum plating缎面处理satin finishing锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper锻制铝合金aluminum wrought alloy多孔铝制天花板aluminum perforated ceiling矾土水泥aluminum cement防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint防蚀铝线alumite wire防雨铝板aluminum flashing废铝aluminium scrap分布能力throwing power氟化铝aluminium fluoride氟化盐fluoride salt辅助电极auxiliary electrode复合铝板clad aluminium覆盖剂covering agent刚铝石水泥alundum cement钢芯铝绞线aluminium cable steel reinforcing高岭土aluminum flake高铝矿渣aluminous clinker高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics高铝砖alumina brick隔热设备Thermal-insulation Equipment工业炉Industrial furnace工业铝原料industrial Aluminum materials工业毛毡Industrial felt 功能性氧化膜functional coating挂架rack (jig)光亮浸渍bright dipping硅酸铝aluminum silicate硅酸铝aluminum silicate硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory 滚动式铝格栅aluminum rolling grille滚筒磨光tumbling过滤板screen plate过滤器filter含铝材料alumina-bearing material焊接设备Jointing equipment厚纸板cardboard花纹铝板Aluminum embossed sheet花纹铝箔aluminum checker/checkered foil 化学镀electroless plating化学抛光chemical polishing化学增光chemical brightening化学转化chemical conversion活化activation机械设备Machinery equipment挤压铝窗台extruded aluminum sill挤压铝管extruded aluminum pipe挤压铝制品aluminum extrusion挤压设备extrusion equipment夹层铝板aluminum sandwich panel剪切设备shearing equipment检测设备inspection equipment焦碳. coke浸蚀etching精拉铝管finishing Aluminum tube精炼剂refining agent净化设备Purifying Equipment卷开铝质百叶窗aluminum rolling shutter 冷轧设备Cold-rolled Equipment临界电流密度critical current density硫酸铝aluminum sulphate硫酸铝aluminum sulphate sulfate楼面铝aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring finish 滤清油filtering oil铝百叶aluminum shutter铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet 铝板放护板aluminum slatted blind铝板隔墙aluminum partition铝板卷开百叶窗aluminum slatted rollor blink铝板条aluminum strip铝板贴面吸声天花板aluminum absorbent ceiling铝板屋顶aluminum deck/deck roof铝板屋面aluminum sheet roof铝板屋面aluminum sheeting roof铝棒Aluminum stick/rod铝包皮aluminum skin铝标牌aluminium scutcheon铝箔Aluminum foil铝箔背衬aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热aluminum foil insertion铝箔制品Aluminum foil products铝材aluminum product铝仓筒aluminum silo铝车身aluminum body铝衬裹aluminum lining铝窗格aluminum grid铝窗框aluminum sash铝窗装置aluminum window furniture铝打底涂料aluminum primer铝带/铝条Aluminum strip铝电极法aluminum electrode method铝电解设备aluminium electrolysis Equipment铝电解设备Aluminum electrolyse Equipment铝钉aluminum nail铝顶板构件aluminum deck unit铝锭Aluminum Ingot铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝锻件Aluminum forge铝矾土bauxite铝粉Aluminum powder铝扶手aluminum railing铝盖Aluminum cover铝钢aluminum steel铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝管Aluminum pipe/tube铝管避雷器aluminium cell lightning arrester铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate 铝轨aluminum track铝辊式破碎机aluminum rolling plant铝焊料aluminum solder铝焊料aluminum solder铝焊条aluminum welding rod铝合金Aluminum alloy铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink unit铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝化合物aluminum compound铝化荧光屏aluminized screen铝黄铜aluminum brass铝黄铜aluminum brass铝基硅镁合金anticorodal铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝挤压型材：Aluminum Extrusion 或Aluminium Extrusion铝结构型材aluminum section铝结构型材aluminum shape铝结构型材aluminum trim铝金aluminum gold铝卷Aluminum roll铝雷管aluminum blasting cap铝雷管aluminum cap铝梁aluminum beam铝檩条aluminum purlin铝轮毂aluminum wheel spider/hub铝螺丝aluminum screw铝铆钉aluminum rivet铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝门窗Aluminum Doors & Windows铝门拉手aluminum pull铝门拉手aluminum pull handle铝密封alumiseal铝密封垫圈aluminum gasket铝模aluminum mould铝模板aluminum shuttering铝木组合结构aluminum wood composite system铝幕墙Aluminum curtain wall铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝皮镶面aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面aluminum sheet lining 铝皮镶面aluminum sheet surface铝片sheet aluminium铝铺面aluminum surfacing铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝砌合屋顶屋面aluminum bonded roof covering铝墙板aluminum siding铝墙纸aluminum wallpaper铝桥aluminum bridge铝青铜aluminum bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料aluminum bronze paint铝曲管bended aluminium tube铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热焊aluminothermic welding铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝熔炼厂aluminum smelting plant铝砂aloxite铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling铝石砖alundum tile铝饰镶面aluminum facing铝塑板Aluminum plastic board铝酸aluminic acid铝酸盐aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝梯Aluminum stairs铝天花Aluminum ceiling铝铁aluminum iron铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝涂料aluminum paint铝土矿alumyte铝网aluminum mesh铝纤维aluminum wool铝线Aluminum thread/wire铝箱Aluminum trunk铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝心电缆aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套aluminum cable sheath铝芯电缆aluminum conductor铝型材：Aluminium Profile 或Aluminum profile铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles 铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould铝型材生产工艺中常用到的专业术语：铝颜料aluminum pigment铝氧粉alundum铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝圆片Aluminum wafer铝皂aluminum soap铝皂润滑脂aluminum grease铝支承结构aluminum bearing structure铝支柱底板aluminum outrigger base铝指板aluminum finger plate铝制波纹构件aluminum corrugated unit铝制波纹片aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材aluminum corrugated section铝制玻璃格条aluminum patent glazing bar铝制扶手aluminum hand railing铝制格栅aluminum grille铝制过梁aluminum lintel铝制建筑板材aluminum building sheet铝制建筑板材aluminum sheet铝制建筑构件aluminum building member铝制建筑构件aluminum building unit铝制建筑构件aluminum component铝制建筑构件aluminum member铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝制建筑外门aluminum building entrance door铝制建筑外门aluminum entrance door铝制建筑制品aluminum building product铝制铰链aluminum hinge铝制结构立面aluminum facade铝制结构立面aluminum front铝制卷板条aluminum rolling slat铝制框架aluminum frame铝制模板aluminum form铝制模板aluminum form work铝制品Aluminum products铝制器皿aluminium ware铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制围栏aluminum fence铝制屋顶aluminum roofing铝制小五金aluminum fillings铝制小五金aluminum hardware 铝制檐沟aluminum eave gutter/ trought铝制遮阳板aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板aluminum sunbreaker铝制折板屋顶aluminum folded plate roof铝制支架底板aluminum stabilizer base铝柱aluminum post铝铸件Aluminum casting铝铸件aluminium castings铝装饰型材aluminum decorative section铝装饰型材aluminum ornamental section氯化铝aluminum chloride镁助熔剂eliminate magnesium flux门窗幕墙设备Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment密封铝皮aluminum seal/sealing sheeting明矾石alumite明矾石alumstone磨光grinding耐火材料refractory material耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy抛光polishing抛光剂polishing composition抛光设备polishing unit喷玻璃丸glass bead blasting喷磨abrasive blasting喷砂sand blasting喷涂设备spraying equipment喷丸shot blasting其他others气体发生设备gas generation equipment气体发生设备Gas processing Equipment 铅制结构正面aluminum face切割设备cutting apparatus切割设备Cutting Equipment氢氧化铝aluminum hydrate氢氧化铝Hydrogen alumina清洗cleaning清洗设备cleaning equipment去磁器demagnetizer去离子作用deionization去氧化物处理deoxidizing热轧设备Heat-rolled Equipment熔剂油flux oil熔炼焊剂smelting flux 熔铸设备Founding Equipment乳烛液脱脂emulsion degreasing软铝棉aluminum soft wool软轮抛光buffing散热器Radiator伸缩铝管extension Aluminum tube渗铝aluminizing石灰石limestone刷光brushing双开式弹簧铝门aluminum swing door 水洗rinsing酸洗pickling添加剂additive铁分离器iron separator涂层设备Coating equipment涂料coating推拉式铝门aluminum sliding door脱膜stripping脱脂degreasing无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE)硝酸铝aluminum nitrate锌铝aluminum zinc型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment絮凝flocculate絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture压延设备Plain Rolled Equipment压铸铝aluminum die casting亚光处理matte finnishing阳极anode阳极效率anode efficiency阳极氧化anodic oxidation阳极氧化复合膜combined anodic coating阳极氧化膜anodic oxide coating阳极氧化膜再活化reactivation (of an anodic oxide coating)氧化铝alumina ，aluminum oxide氧化铝板alumite tile氧化锌zinc oxide液碱液压油hydraulic liquid/medium阴极cathode银粉漆涂层aluminum paint coating银灰漆aluminum paste 硬铝板duralumin sheet硬脂酸铝aluminum stearate有机聚合物喷涂膜spraying coating有机溶剂脱脂organic solvent degreasing 有效面significant surface原辅材料Raw Materials原铝virgin Aluminum增光brightening振动筛vibration sieve整型机integer machine纸板paperboard纸管paper tube纸制品paper products铸铝aluminum casting铸铝合金aluminum casting alloy铸扎设备Founding Equipment自然氧化natural oxidation香槟Champagne银白silvery white不锈钢色the color of stainless steel古铜色bronze金黄色golden yellow铝材aluminum profile氧化电泳铝材anodizing & electrophoresis profiles佛山耀银山铝业有限公司：FOSHAN YAOYINSHAN ALUMINIUM CO., LTD.铝合金建筑型材：wrought aluminium alloy extrude profiles for architecture阳极氧化型材：anodized colored profiles中国有色金属协会：CHINA NONFORROUS METALS ASSOCIATION电泳涂漆型材：electrophoretic coating profiles粉末喷漆型材：powder coating profiles Domicile:BaShi Industrial Area,Genghe Town Gaoming District,FoshanCity,Guangdong.P.R, China仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。
氧化铝厂英文介绍
氧化铝厂英文介绍The Alumina Plant: A Vital Component of the Global Aluminum IndustryNestled within the heart of the global aluminum industry, the alumina plant stands as a beacon of technology and innovation. These facilities are the backbone of the aluminum production chain, converting raw materials into a purified form of alumina—a critical precursor to aluminum metal.The alumina plant begins its process with bauxite, a naturally occurring ore rich in aluminum oxide. This ore is mined from deposits around the world, each with its unique chemical composition and physical properties. The mined bauxite is then transported to the alumina plant, where it undergoes a meticulous refining process.The refining process involves several stages, each designed to remove impurities and increase the alumina content. This involves physical processing like crushing and milling, as well as chemical treatments that utilize various acids and bases to extract the alumina. The resulting alumina is then further purified through a process called calcination,where it is heated to high temperatures to drive off any remaining moisture and volatile impurities.The purified alumina is then ready for the next stage of the aluminum production chain—the smelting process. Here, the alumina is electrolyzed using a large amount of electricity to produce molten aluminum. This molten aluminum can then be cast into various shapes and sizes, depending on its intended application.The alumina plant is not just a producer of alumina, but also a steward of the environment. Many plants employ sustainable practices to minimize waste and maximize efficiency. This includes recycling water and other by-products, as well as implementing energy-efficient technologies to reduce their carbon footprint.In conclusion, the alumina plant is a crucial link in the aluminum industry chain. It transforms raw materials into a purified form of alumina, laying the foundation for the production of aluminum metal. Its operation requires a careful balance of technology, innovation, and environmental stewardship—a balance that is crucial for the sustainable growth of the aluminum industry.。
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3.1分散氧化铝的分散机理 分散氧化铝的分散机理
H 2O H2 O H2 O H2 O H2 O H2 O H2 O repulsion H2 O H2 O H2 O
H2 O
Think alumina, think Almatis.
7
3.1 分散氧化铝
Think alumina, think Almatis. 17
3.2 温度低敏感性水泥 温度低敏感性水泥CA-470TI
性能特点： 性能特点： 70%纯铝酸钙水泥，无外加剂 纯铝酸钙水泥， 纯铝酸钙水泥 与其他 与其他70%水泥相比，易吸潮 水泥相比， 水泥相比 密封的塑料袋包装 保质期为一年 CA-470 TI实验室保存 密封的容器 实验室保存: 实验室保存 CA-470 TI在浇注料中的保存 标准包装袋中的保 在浇注料中的保存: 在浇注料中的保存 存期为一年
1,0 % A DW 1 0,5 % A DW 1; 0,5 % A DS 1
9
8
7
6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
tim e [h]
Think alumina, think Almatis. 13
3.1 分散氧化铝
E X O th e r m ic Re a c tio n
Think alumina, think Almatis.
5
3.1 分散氧化铝的特点
分散 解聚 细粉 (如氧化铝微粉 水泥 硅灰 分散(解聚 解聚)细粉 如氧化铝微粉 水泥,硅灰 如氧化铝微粉,水泥 硅灰...) ADS 1, ADS 3, ADW 1 适用于纯氧化铝基浇注料 M-ADS 1, M-ADW 1 适用于有硅微粉的浇注料 降低加水量 改善流动性，提高强度 降低加水量, 改善流动性， 灵活控制凝结时间 缓凝 (S-型), 促凝 (W-型) 型 型 在特殊低温和高温情况下, 在特殊低温和高温情况下 控制施工和凝结时间 在加入总量为1%的情况下 的情况下， 在加入总量为 的情况下，可任意调节缓凝和促凝剂的比 例以改变凝结时间。分散氧化铝在浇注料中混合均匀， 例以改变凝结时间。分散氧化铝在浇注料中混合均匀，适 应性强。 应性强。
Think alumina, think Almatis.
15
3.1 分散氧化铝
31 29
27
25
(° C)
23
21 Test 1 983 0,5/0,5 Test 2 971 0,5/0,5 19 Test 3 RW 0,5/0,5 Test 4 983 1W Test 5 971 1W 17 Test 6 RW 1W
21
Think alumina, think Almatis.
3.2 温度低敏感性水泥CA-470TI 温度低敏感性水泥
含有硅微粉（ 含有硅微粉（Elkem 971U) 的低水泥浇注料
ultrasonic velocity: LCC-fume 1 / CA-470 TI
5癈 10癈 20癈 6000 5000 v [m/s] v [m/s] 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 500 1000 t [min] 1500 2000 0 0 500 1000 t [min] 1500 2000 1000 4000 3000 2000 35癈 5000
User-Friendly Approach & Practice on Refractories 耐火材料“用户友好” 耐火材料“用户友好”理念的实践
洛阳 2008
Think alumina, think Almatis.
1
1. 耐火材料的性能要素
原料 配方
性能
制造 维护 施工
上述要素决定着耐火材料的性能， 上述要素决定着耐火材料的性能，也是耐材研发的重点
Think alumina, think Almatis. 2
2. 耐火材料“用户友好”理念 耐火材料“用户友好”
易于制造和施工 高性能 高适配性 高稳定性 环境友好
Think alumina, think Almatis. 3
3. “用户友好”理念的实践 用户友好”
3.1 分散氧化铝
传统分散剂的缺点： 传统分散剂的缺点： - 减水效果不佳 - 难于实现期望的流变性，如振动或自流施工 难于实现期望的流变性， - 加入量少，因而难以确保搅拌均匀 加入量少， - 与其他原料的适配性差 - 减少浇注料的保存期 - 不利于浇注料高温性能的提高 - 不能方便的改变浇注料的施工性能，如快凝或缓凝 不能方便的改变浇注料的施工性能，
45
0,5 % A DW 1; 0,5 % A DS 3 0,2 % A DW 1; 0,8% A DS 3 0,1 % A DW 1; 0,9 % A DS 3
35癈 :
AD W 1 - AD S 3
42,5 temperature [癈 ]
40
37,5
35 0 1 2 3 tim e [h ]
Think alumina, think Almatis. 14
ultrasonic velocity: LCC-fume 1 / CA-14 M
6000
5癈 10癈 20癈 35癈
5C时放热反应开始 时放热反应开始 时间： 时间：2358分钟 分钟
5C至35C间 至 间 的凝结时间波 动较大
Think alumina, think Almatis.
3.2 温度低敏感性水泥CA-470TI 温度低敏感性水泥
ultrasonic velocity: LCC / CA-470 TI
超声波试验 -- 记录超声波速率随时间的变化
超声波发生器
数据传感器
PC工作站 工作站
实验室的温度也需要稳定不变 这是一种有用的方法. 例如, 对于含Alphabond的浇注料和其它没有 这是一种有用的方法 例如 对于含 的浇注料和其它没有 足够热量产生的浇注料
Think alumina, think Almatis. 11
Think alumina, think Almatis. 9
5% CA-270 10% CTC 40
3.1 分散氧化铝
放热反应 -- 记录温度随时间的变化
热电偶(j-型)
绝热箱
数据传感器
PC工作站 工作站
实验室的温度需要稳定不变
Think alumina, think Almatis. 10
3.1 分散氧化铝
6000 5000 4000 v [m/s] 3000 2000 1000 0 0 500 1000 t [min] 1500 2000 5癈 10癈 20癈 35癈
CA-470TI 水 泥结合的低水 泥纯氧化铝浇 注料 即使在 的 即使在5C 温度下， 温度下，浇注 料可以在一天 内凝结。 内凝结。 5C至35C间 至 间 的凝结时间波 动较小
4
6
3.1 分散氧化铝
Castable test No. Microsilica 983 U [%] Microsilica 971 D [%] RW-Füller [%] Cement CA-14 S [%] Dispersing Alumina M-ADS 1 [%] Dispersing Alumina M-ADW 1 [%] Mixing Water [%] Flow Diameter F10 [mm] Flow Diameter F30 [mm] Flow Diameter F60 [mm] Exo start [min] Exo max [min] 1 5 2 5 7 0.5 0.5 6 194 185 183 77 261 7 0.5 0.5 6 186 181 180 199 382 5 7 0.5 0.5 6 180 177 172 254 1354 7 0 1 6 140 no flow no flow 17 131 3 4 5 5 5 7 0 1 6 186 102 no flow 35 151 5 7 0 1 6 168 161 146 115 270 6
Think alumina, think Almatis. 18
3.2 温度低敏感性水泥CA-470TI 温度低敏感性水泥
ultrasonic velocity: LCC / CA-14 M
6000 5000 4000 v [m/s] 3000 2000 1000 0 0 500 1000 t [min]
ultrasonic velocity: LCC / CA-270
6000 5000 4000 v [m/s] 3000 2000 1000 0 0 500 1000 t [min] 1500 2000
20
5癈 10癈 20癈 35癈
CA-270水泥结 水泥结 合的纯氧化铝 低水泥浇注料 5C 和10C时 时 ，凝结时间太 长。
6%
6,0%
LCC
Influence Cement/Aluminas -> H2 O
5,5%
Water Demand
5,0%
4,5%
4,3%
4,3%
4,0% 7,5% Com p. 80% CAC 7,5% CT 800 SG 5% CA-270 10% CTC 30 Cement + Alumina T ype 5% CA-270 10% CTC 40
26
24
22
20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 tim e [h]
Think alumina, think Almatis. 12
7
8
9
10
11
12
3.1 分散氧化铝
E X O th erm ic Re a c tio n