2012年6月份大学英语六级模板(2)
2012年6月大学英语六级考试CET6真题及答案解析word版本
2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试CET6真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitiveadvan tages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that cont ribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined withage-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students athree-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earnthe credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this ap proach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules mighteventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, in creasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
2012年6月英语六级作文真题及范文Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.范文The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationAs is described in the picture, a father asks her daughter how her school today goes on. Instead of answering directly, the daughter tells her father to read her blog. It is common that youngsters nowadays incline to communicate with others on internet increasingly, and lack communication with people around them. With the development of Internet, it has influenced our society to a large extent, especially interpersonal communication.To begin with, we can communicate with others anytime via internet. Otherwise, we would have to arrange our schedules strictly in advance. Also, interpersonal communication through the internet is not restricted by space. For example, in most multinational corporations, instant messages and video conferences help colleagues solve problems timely and efficiently. Last but not least, the internet can greatly speed up our interpersonal communication. Whereas, there are also disadvantages that the internet brings to us. More and more people complained that they have lost face-to-face communicating skills. As a result, people become more and more indifferent to each other in real life. Some netizens who are immersed in virtual world even have difficulty in making friends in reality.In conclusion, communication through the internet could bring us both convenience and inconvenience. We should strike a balance between them and make the best of the internet.。
2012年6月英语四级作文万能作文模板
写作模板（一）段首句1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。
一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。
首先，……；其次，……。
更为糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。
它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
大学英语六级真题2012年06月
2012年6月大学英语6级考试试题PartⅠ WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication following the outline below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication PartⅡ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from-the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes this offer to well-prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about $43,000—the amount of one year's tuition and fees. A number of innovativecolleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That's both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world's best universities.A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world's wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of theworld's brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险) within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for-profit, orreligious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the $32 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring "school year" hasn't changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a nation of farmers and students put their books away to work the soil during the summer. That long summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year. "While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college," he has written.Within academic departments, tenure (终身职位), combined withage-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles (压制) them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of theirfixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now standstwice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school's new three-year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated students who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, three-year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these studentstake 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four-week course duringwhich students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three-year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn't a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Studentsattend "short terms" in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with AdvancedPlacement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college-level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don't plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School's residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt's undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates. "My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year," says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor's class. Iowa's Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year-degree programs, but is now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce."Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of educationin this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth," Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. "I strongly disagree with this approach." Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce lessrevenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most schools. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campuses more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg's advice: open campuses year-round. "You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties," he says. "That's without cutting the length of students' vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more."Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive andrelevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students foreven higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more-focused, less-expensive degrees may findthat they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright,motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.1. Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs?A) To create chances for the poor. B) To cut students' expenses.C) To enroll more students. D) To solve its financial problems.2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to saythat______.A) American universities are resistant to changeB) the summer vacation contributes to student growthC) college facilities could be put to more effective useD) the costs of running a university are soaring3. The author thinks the tenure system in Americanuniversities______.A) suppresses creative thinking B) creates conflicts among colleaguesC) guarantees academic freedom D) is a sign of age discrimination4. What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick?A) Its students have to earn more credits each year.B) Non-credit courses are eliminated altogether.C) Its faculty members teach more hours a week.D) Some summer courses are offered free of charge.5. What do we learn about Judson College's three-year degree program?A) It has been running for several decades. B) It is open to the brightest students only.C) It is the most successful in the country. D) It has many practical courses on offer.6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in three years?A) Curriculums have been adapted to students' needs.B) More students have Advanced Placement credits.C) More elective courses are offered in high school.D) The overall quality of education has improved.7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program?A) Students have to cope with too heavy a workload.B) Students don't have much time to roam intellectually.C) Students have little time to gain practical experience.D) Students don't have prized professors to teach them.8. College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of moving students into the workforce might pose a threat to______.9. Universities are increasingly aware that they must adapt to a rapidly changing world in order to ______.10. Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees will be more attractive to ______.Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed.B) The man happened to see Anna fall on her back.C) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.D) The doctor's therapy has been very successful.12. A) The man could watch the ballet with her. B) She happened to have bought two tickets.C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man. D) Her schedule conflicts with her sister's.13. A) He will send someone right away. B) He has to do other repairs first.C) The woman can call later that day. D) The woman can try to fix it herself.14. A) Take up a collection next week. B) Give his contribution some time later.C) Buy an expensive gift for Gemma. D) Borrow some money from the woman.15. A) Decline the invitation as early as possible. B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother.C) Tell Tony's mother that she eats no meat. D) Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet.16. A) The increasing crime rate. B) The impact of mass media.C) The circulation of newspapers. D) The coverage of newspapers.17. A) Limit the number of participants in the conference.B) Check the number of people who have registered.C) Provide people with advice on career development.D) Move the conference to a more spacious place.18. A) The apartment is still available. B) The apartment is close to the campus.C) The advertisement is outdated. D) On-campus housing is hard to secure.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the mate one.C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.20. A) Produce the appropriate sound. B) Press the right-hand lever first.C) Raise their heads above the water. D) Swim straight into the same tank.21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. B) The male dolphin received more rewards.C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. D) The lever was beyond the dolphins' reach.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) In a botanical garden. B) In a lecture room.C) In a resort town. D) On a cattle farm.23. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry.C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters.D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times.24. A) It was named after a land owner in the old days.B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate.C) It is protected as parkland by a special law.D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training.25. A) The beautiful flowers. B) The refreshing air.C) The mineral waters. D) The vast grassland.Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) He provides counseling for university studentsB) He teaches psychology at Ohio State University.C) He has experience tutoring black students.D) He specializes in interpersonal relationships.27. A) Students who scored low on standardized tests.B) Black freshmen with high standardized test scores.C) Students who are accustomed to living in dorms.D) Black students from families with low incomes.28. A) They moved out of the college dorms at the end of the semester.B) They were more appreciative of the university's housing policy.C) They generally spent more time together than white pairs.D) They broke up more often than same-race roommates.29. A) Their racial attitudes improved. B) Their test scores rose gradually.C) They grew bored of each other. D) They started doing similar activities.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) It will become popular gradually. B) It will change the concept of food.C) It has attracted worldwide attention. D) It can help solve global food crises.31. A) It has been increased over the years. B) It has been drastically cut by NASA.C) It is still far from being sufficient. D) It comes regularly from its donors.32. A) They are less healthy than we expected. B) They are not as expensive as before.C) They are more nutritious and delicious. D) They are not as natural as we believed.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He has bitter memories of childhood. 13) He was accused of family violence.C) He is a habitual criminal. D) He was wrongly imprisoned.34. A) The jury's prejudice against his race. B) The evidence found at the crime scene.C) The two victims' identification. D) The testimony of his two friends.35. A) The US judicial system has much room for improvement.B) Frightened victims can rarely make correct identification.C) Eyewitnesses are often misled by the lawyer's questions.D) Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.About 700,000 children in Mexico dropped out of school last year as recession-stricken families pushed kids to work, and a weak economic recovery will allow only a (36) improvement in the drop-out rate in 2010, a top education (37) said.Mexico's economy suffered more than any other in Latin Americalast year, (38) an estimated 7 percent due to a (39) in U.S. demandfor Mexican exports such as cars.The (40) led to a 4 percent increase in the number of kids wholeft (41) or middle school in 2009, said Juan de Dios Castro, who (42) the nation's adult education program and keeps a close watch on drop-out rates." (43) rose and that is a factor that makes our job more difficult," Castro told Reuters in an interview earlier this month.(44). As a result, drop-out rates will not improve much, Castro said."There will be some improvement, but not significant," Castro said.(45). And children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or work in restaurants.(46). Mexico's politicians have resisted mending the country's tax, energy and labor laws for decades, leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.In face of global warming, much effort has been focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of strategies~ But while much of the research and innovation has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternatives, it may be decades before clean technologies like wind and solar meet a significant portion of our energy needs.In the meantime, the amount of CO2 in the air is rapidly approaching the limits proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). "As long as we're consuming fossil fuels,we're putting out CO2," says Klaus Lackner, a geophysicist at Columbia University. "We cannot let the CO2 in the atmosphere rise indefinitely."That sense of urgency has increased interest in capturing and storing CO2, which the IPCC says could provide the more than 50% reduction in emissions thought needed to reduce global warming. "We see the potential for capture and storage to play an integral role in reducing emissions," says Kim Corley, Shell's senior advisor of CO2and environmental affairs. That forward thinking strategy is gaining support. The U.S. Department of Energy recently proposed putting $1 billion into new $2.4 billion coal-burning energy plant. The plant's carbon-capture technologies would serve as a pilot project for other new coal-burning plants.But what do you do with the gas once you've captured it? Oneoption is to put it to new uses. Dakota Gasification of North Dakota captures CO2 at a plant that converts coal into synthetic natural gas. It then ships the gas 200 miles by pipeline to Canada, where it is pumped underground in oil recovery operations. In the Netherlands, Shell delivers CO2 to farmers who pipe it into their greenhouses, increasing their yield of fruits and vegetables.However, scientists say that the scale of CO2 emissions will require vast amounts of long-term storage. Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean. Shell favorsstoring CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline (盐的) formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world.47. What are suggested as renewable and less-polluting energy alternatives?48. What does the author say is a forward thinking strategy concerning the reduction of CO2 emissions?49. One way of handling the captured CO2 as suggested by theauthor is to store it and______.50. Through using CO2, Dutch farmers have been able to______.51. Long-term storage of CO2 is no easy job because of______.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.What's far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-setting prevalent in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street, yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long- trumpeted practice Of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis, and unethical (不道德的) behavior in general."Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors," says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn's Wharton School."It turns out there's no economic benefit to just having a goal—you just get a psychological benefit." Schweitzer says. "But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful."A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financialincentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team's use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed.In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes: "Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose."But Schweitzer contends the "mounting causal evidence" linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation. "Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects," he says."Goal-setting does help to coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization," Schweitzer says.52. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting?A) Its negative effects have long been neglected.B) The goals increase people's work efficiency.C) Its role has been largely underestimated.D) The goals most people set are unrealistic.53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?A) Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success.B) Businesses are less likely to succeed without settingrealistic goals.C) Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals.D) Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.54. How did Sears' goal-setting affect its employees?A) They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales.B) They competed with one another to attract more customers.C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.D) They improved their customer services on a companywide basis.55. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer's research?A) Its findings are not of much practical value.B) It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting.C) Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence.D) It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject.56. What is Schweitzer's contention against Edwin Locke?A) The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study.B) Goal-setting has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture.C) The positive effects of goal-setting outweigh its negative effects.D) Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed: what can the West's overly indebted and sluggish (经济滞长的) nations learn from a flourishing Asia?Just a few decades ago, Asia's two giants were stagnating (停滞不前) under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, "The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government."Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically overboard in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government—following Ronald Reagan's idea that "government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem." Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to "big government".If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that American's problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country's huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of。
2012年6月英语六级作文写作模板及句型
模板二：问题解决作文{3段9句话，2011年12月六级可能考}(小虹有话：全文写3段共9句话;第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题——亚里士多德三段论!)第一段：陈述现状段(小虹有话：文章的第1、2句;主要用来写当前的某个社会现状、趋势;共有5种开篇写法，没有固定的标准选哪种，选择一种容易下手的去写，我已经将相关话题都举出来了) 文章第一句话：(小虹有话：第一句话的功能，就是介绍文章写作背景，社会现状;所以呢，写法和“对立观点作文”的文章第一段，第一句的写法是完全一样的!)The past several years have witnessed a not uncommon phenomenon that… ( 社会现象).文章第二句话：具体描述(将文章第一句话所讲的抽象的、大体的社会现象，用具体的文字描述一下，增加字数，只能这么做了!)举例：(第一句)Nowadays, the phenomenon of drunken driving has arouse wide concern amo ng the public.(第二句)Especially the young generation living in metropolis, tend to drive after drink ing, ignoring the fact that this behavior may pose underlying threat totheir precious life an d may even endanger others.第二段：原因或危害陈述段(分析问题)文章第三句话：(过渡句，引发讨论某个社会问题、现象产生的原因)Ample reasons can account for this phenomenon，and the followings might be the mo st critical ones:文章第四句话：(提出某个社会问题、现象产生的原因;具体写几个原因，根据字数情况斟酌)Firstly，… secondly,….(万能理由)文章第五句话：(提出如果我们不关注这个问题，后果很严重!)The problem mentioned above will bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye and deaf ear to it. (翻译：如果我们对这个问题视而不见，听而不闻，将产生严重后果)文章第六句话：(危害和后果分别是什么呢?)On the one hand, … on the other hand,…第三段：原因或危害陈述段(解决问题)文章第七句话：(号召句，“放空话”!号召大家赶紧采取措施，投入关注等等)Effective measures should be adopted before things get worse.文章第八句话：(采取什么措施呢?这个在考前你都可以背下来，考试的时候用上去就好!)First and foremost，(措施).1) 扬善去恶：(两面性问题，比如手机，彩票等等)What we should do is to encourage the merits and diminish the demerits to the least extent2) 大家联合起来：(一般用在解决学生的问题，心理健康啊，网瘾啊等等)It is high time that parents，educators，and the authorities make combined efforts to put an end to this situation.3) 个人意识：(提高环境保护的意识等等)The public should enhance their consciousness of the significance of …4) 采取行动：(这句话纯粹就是凑字数的)We must press forward on deeper research，but research alone is inadequate, actually，any one of us has good reason to take actions to…5) 加强教育：(一般用在涉及面比较广的社会问题)A public education campaign should be launched to inform the public of the importa nce of6) 政府出台：(一般用在比较大的，比较严重的社会问题，如节约问题，浪费问题等等)It is essential that the authorities should make and implement relevant laws and regul ations to impose a heavy penalty on those who (contaminate the environment deliberately)7) 呼吁相关部门加强监管：(一般用在比较大的，比较严重的社会问题。
2012年6月六级作文万能模板及写作句型(保90分)
1．对立观点式A. 有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？B. 有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？C. 我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。
They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。
An example can give the details of this argument:There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2．批驳观点式A．一个错误观点。
B．我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。
By saying that, they mean对这个观点的进一步解释。
An example they have presented is that 一个例子。
(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if weconsider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。
2012年6月英语六级作文
2012年6月英语六级作文With the advent of the digital age, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. The June 2012 English Level 6 essay prompt could explore the profound impact of social media on how we communicate with one another. Here's a structured essay that addresses this topic:Introduction:The rise of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram has revolutionized the way we interact and communicate with people around the world. While these platforms offer numerous benefits, they also present challenges to traditional forms of interpersonal communication.Body Paragraph 1:One of the most significant impacts of social media on interpersonal communication is the shift from face-to-face interactions to digital exchanges. This has led to asituation where people can have hundreds or even thousands of "friends" online but may lack deep, meaningful relationships in reality. The convenience of digital communication can sometimes result in a lack of empathy and understanding, as non-verbal cues and tone of voice are often lost in translation.Body Paragraph 2:On the other hand, social media has the power to connectindividuals across vast distances, facilitating communication that would otherwise be impossible. It has been particularly beneficial for maintaining relationships with friends and family who live far away, allowing users to share updates, photos, and messages instantly. This can help to strengthen bonds and keep people connected, even when they arephysically apart.Body Paragraph 3:Another important aspect to consider is the role of social media in the dissemination of information. It has become a primary source for many people to get their news, which can lead to the rapid spread of both accurate information and misinformation. The ease with which information can be shared means that it is crucial for individuals to critically evaluate the content they encounter online.Conclusion:In conclusion, social media has a dual impact on interpersonal communication. It has the potential to both enhance and diminish the quality of our interactions. As we continue to navigate the digital landscape, it is essential to be mindful of the ways in which we communicate through social media, striving to maintain authentic connections and engage in responsible information sharing. The balance between the benefits and challenges of social media will require ongoing reflection and adaptation as technology continues to evolve.Word Count: 350 wordsThis essay provides a balanced view of the topic, discussing both the positive and negative aspects of social media's impact on communication. It adheres to a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs that explore different facets of the issue, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points.。
2012年大学英语六级测试写作范文欣赏(2)
2012年大学英语六级测试写作范文欣赏(2)Directions： For this part， you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang， a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write a t least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.1. 表示欢迎2. 提出对度假安排的建议3. 提醒应注意的事项A letter to a SchoolmateJune 23， 2001Dear Xiao Wang，Yours，Zhang Ying范文： Dear Xiao Wang，I’m delighted to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long vacation. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I’m sure you will enjoy everyminute here.I know you are fond of swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV， play CDs or read books very comfortably at home.A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain， we can have a wonderful bird-eye view of the whole village.Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. I’ll prepare everything for you.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.。
2012年6月六级真题及答案完整版
2012年6⽉六级真题及答案完整版Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终⾝职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution inAlabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms”in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医⽣) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my se nior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife. There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,”Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this app roach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete coll eges, with two complete faculties,”hesays.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above —universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changingfinancial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年英语六级作文
2012年英语六级作文Sure, here's a sample English essay for the 2012English Level 6 exam:Title: Challenges and Opportunities in Modern Education。
In today's rapidly changing world, education plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of individuals and societies alike. However, with the advent of new technologies and evolving societal dynamics, educationfaces both challenges and opportunities. This essayexplores these factors and suggests ways to navigate them effectively.One of the foremost challenges in modern education isthe increasing demand for relevant skills in a competitive global economy. As industries evolve and job requirements change, educational institutions must adapt their curricula to ensure graduates are equipped with the necessary skills. This requires collaboration between academia and industryto identify emerging trends and incorporate them into educational programs.Moreover, the digital revolution has transformed theway information is accessed and disseminated, presenting both opportunities and challenges for education. On one hand, online learning platforms offer flexibility and accessibility, allowing individuals to pursue education at their own pace and convenience. On the other hand, the proliferation of misinformation online poses a threat to traditional modes of learning, emphasizing the need for critical thinking and digital literacy skills.Another significant challenge facing education is ensuring inclusivity and accessibility for all learners. Socioeconomic disparities often limit access to quality education, perpetuating inequality. Addressing this issue requires targeted interventions such as scholarship programs, community outreach initiatives, and policies that promote diversity and inclusion in educational institutions.Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored theimportance of resilience and adaptability in education.With widespread school closures and disruptions to learning, educators have had to embrace innovative teaching methods such as online classes and remote assessments. While these measures have enabled continuity in education, they havealso exposed the digital divide, highlighting the need for equitable access to technology and internet connectivity.Despite these challenges, there are also numerous opportunities to enhance the quality and relevance of education. For instance, interdisciplinary approaches can foster creativity and problem-solving skills by integrating multiple perspectives and areas of study. Project-based learning provides hands-on experience and encourages collaboration among students, preparing them for real-world challenges.Additionally, global collaboration initiatives such as student exchange programs and international partnershipscan enrich learning experiences and promote cultural understanding. By exposing students to diverse perspectives and experiences, these initiatives cultivate globalcitizenship and prepare individuals to thrive in a multicultural world.In conclusion, modern education faces a myriad of challenges ranging from technological advancements to socioeconomic disparities. However, by embracing innovation, fostering inclusivity, and promoting collaboration, we can transform these challenges into opportunities for growthand development. As we navigate the complexities of the21st century, education remains a powerful tool forbuilding a brighter future for generations to come.。
2012年6月英语四级作文万能作文模板
2012年6月英语四级作文万能作文模板Introduction:In today's fast-paced society, the ability to write a well-structured essay is crucial for academic and professional success. This article aims to provide a versatile template that can be used for a variety of essay topics in the English 4th level examination in June 2012.Thesis Statement:It is undeniable that the ability to communicate effectively in written English is of paramount importance.Body Paragraph 1:Firstly, a well-structured essay should start with an engaging introduction that grabs the reader's attention. This can be achieved by using a thought-provoking statement or a relevant anecdote. Additionally, the introduction should clearly state the main topic or argument of the essay.Body Paragraph 2:Following the introduction, the essay should present a series of coherent and logical arguments to support the thesis statement. Each argument should be introduced with a topic sentence that clearly presents the main idea of the paragraph. Furthermore, the writer should provide evidence or examples to substantiate their claims.Body Paragraph 3:In order to ensure a smooth flow of ideas, it is important to use appropriate transition words or phrases to connect the different paragraphs and thoughts. Examples of such transitions include "furthermore," "in addition," and "on the other hand". These transition words not only enhance the coherence of the essay but also assist the reader in understanding the writer's train of thought.Body Paragraph 4:Moreover, a well-structured essay should include a balanced discussion of counterarguments. This can be achieved by acknowledging opposing viewpoints and providing a persuasive rebuttal. By addressing counterarguments, the writer demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the topic and increases the credibility of their own arguments.Body Paragraph 5:Finally, a strong conclusion is essential to wrap up the essay. The conclusion should restate the thesis statement and summarize the main points discussed in the body paragraphs. Additionally, it should leave the reader with a final thought or call to action to stimulate further reflection on the topic.Conclusion:In conclusion, the ability to write a well-structured and coherent essay is crucial for success in the English 4th level examination. By following the template provided in this article, students can effectively convey their ideas, support their arguments, and leave a lasting impression on the reader. Withdiligent practice and adherence to this template, students can improve their essay writing skills and achieve better results in the June 2012 examination.。
2012年6月英语六级真题及答案
CET-6Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions ：For For this this this part, part, part, you you you are are are allowed allowed allowed 30 30 30 minutes minutes minutes to to to write write write a a a composition composition composition on on on the the the topic topic topic The The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the the same same same offer offer offer to to to students students students anxious anxious anxious about about about saving saving saving time time time and and and money. money. money. That’s That’s That’s both both both an an an opportunity opportunity opportunity and and and a a warning for the best higher-education system in the world. T he United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that hel p Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively. But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before th spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a a summer summer summer stretch stretch stretch no no no longer longer longer makes makes makes sense. sense. sense. Former Former Former George George George Washington Washington Washington University University University president president president Stephen Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar y ear.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty faculty turnover turnover turnover——critical critical for for for a a a university university university to to to remain remain remain current current current in in in changing changing changing times times times——difficult. difficult. Instead Instead Instead of of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas. Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with with unprecedented loan debt. unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to to complete complete complete an an an undergraduate undergraduate degree degree has has has stretched stretched stretched to to to six six six years years years and and and seven seven seven months months months as as as students students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate. Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing governing federal federal federal student student student grants grants grants and and and loans loans loans now now now stands stands stands twice twice twice as as as tall tall tall as as as I I I do. do. do. Filling Filling Filling out out out these these these forms forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar. For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning questioning decades-old decades-old decades-old assumptions assumptions assumptions about about about what what what a a a college college college degree degree degree means. means. means. For For For instance, instance, instance, why why why does does does it it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees. By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students students may may may earn earn earn three three three to to to four four four credits credits credits on on on or or or off off off campus, campus, campus, including including including a a a number number number of of of international international international sites. sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them —and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay. The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student 350-student institution institution institution in in in Alabama, Alabama, Alabama, has has has offered offered offered students students students a a a three-year three-year three-year option option option for for for 40 40 40 years. years. years. Students Students attend attend “short “short “short terms” terms” terms” in in in May May May and and and June June June to to to earn earn earn the the the credits credits credits required required required for for for graduation. graduation. graduation. Bates Bates Bates College College College in in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options. Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate undergraduate degrees degrees degrees in in in less less less time. time. time. One One One of of of five five five students students students arrives arrives arrives at at at college college college today today today with with with Advanced Advanced Placement Placement (AP) (AP) (AP) credits credits credits amounting amounting amounting to to to a a a semester semester semester or or or more more more of of of college college college level level level work. work. work. Many Many Many universities, universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students students to to to graduate graduate faster. For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) ) program, program, program, enrolled enrolled enrolled in in in Vanderbilt’s Vanderbilt’s undergraduate undergraduate colle colle college ge ge in in in 1959. 1959. 1959. He He He entered entered entered medical medical medical school school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basicall skipp skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.ed my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife. There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also also leaves less time for growing up, leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On activities, and studying abroad. On crowded crowded campuses campuses campuses it it it could could could mean mean mean fewer fewer fewer opportunities opportunities opportunities to to to get get get into into into a a a prized prized prized professor’s professor’s professor’s class. class. class. Iowa’s Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing phasing out out out the the the option. option. option. Most Most Most Waldorf Waldorf Waldorf students students students wanted wanted wanted the the the full full full four-year four-year four-year experience experience experience——academically, socially, socially, and and and athletically. athletically. athletically. And And And faculty faculty faculty members members members will will will be be be wary wary wary of of of any any any change change change that that that threatens threatens threatens the the the core core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce. “Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growt h,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told told The The The Washington Washington Washington Post. Post. Post. “I “I “I strongly strongly strongly disagree disagree disagree with with with this this this approach.” approach.” approach.” Another Another Another risk: risk: risk: the the the new new new campus campus schedules schedules might might might eventually eventually eventually produce produce produce less less less revenue revenue revenue for for for the the the institution institution institution and and and longer longer longer working working working hours hours hours for for faculty members. Adopting Adopting a a a three-year three-year three-year option option option will will will not not not come come come easily easily easily to to to most most most school. school. school. Those Those Those that that that wish wish wish to to to tackle tackle tradition tradition and and and make make make American American American campus campus campus more more more cost-cost-cost-conscious conscious conscious may may may find find find it it it easier easier easier to to to take take take Trachtenberg’s Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-year-round.“You round.“You could run two complete college colleges, s, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether Whether they they they experiment experiment experiment with with with three-year three-year three-year degrees, degrees, degrees, offer offer offer year-round year-round year-round classes, classes, classes, challenge challenge challenge the the the tenure tenure system system——or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world. Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success. 1. Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs? A) To create chances for the poor. C) To enroll more students. B) To cut students’ expenses. D) To solve its financial problems.2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to say that . A) American universities are resistant to change B) the summer vacation contributes to student growth C) college facilities could be put to more effective use D) the costs of running a university are soaring3. The author thinks the tenure system in American universities . A)suppresses creative thinking C) guarantees academic freedom B) creates conflicts among colleagues D) is a sign of age discrimination4. What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick? A) Its students have to earn more credits each year. B) Non-credit courses are eliminated altogether. C) Its faculty members teach more hours a week. D) Some summer courses are offered free of charge. 5. What do we learn about Judson Coll ege’s three -year degree program? A) It has been running for several decades. B) It is open to the brightest students only. C) It is the most successful in the country. D) It has many practical courses on offer. 6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in three years? A) Curriculums have been adapted to students’ needs.B) More students have Advanced Placement credits. C) More elective courses are offered in high school. D) The overall quality of education bas improved. 7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program? A) Students have to cope with too heavy a workload. B) Students don’t have much time to roam intellectually.C) Students have little time to gain practical experience. D) Students don’t have pri zed professors to teach them. 8. College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of moving students into the workforce might pose a threat to . 9. 9. Universities Universities Universities are are are increasingly increasingly increasingly aware aware aware that that that they they they must must must adapt adapt adapt to to to a a a rapidly rapidly rapidly changing changing changing world world world in in in order order to . 10. Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees will be more attractive to . Section A15. A) Decline the invitation as early as possible. B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother. ts no meat. C) Tell Tony’s mother that she eaD) Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet. 16. A) The increasing crime rate. B) The impact of mass media. C) The circulation of newspapers. D) The coverage of newspapers. 17. A) Limit the number of participants in the conference. B) Check the number of people who have registered. C) Provide people with advice on career development. D) Move the conference to a more spacious place. 18. A) The apartment is still available. B) The apartment is close to the campus. C) The advertisement is outdated. D) On-campus housing is hard to secure. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals. B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one. C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other. D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill. 20. A) Produce the appropriate sound. B) Press the right-hand lever first. C) Raise their heads above the water. D) Swim straight into the same tank. 21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. B) The male dolphin received more rewards. C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. D) The lever was beyond the dolphins’ reach.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A) In a botanical garden. B) In a lecture room. C) In a resort town. D) On a cattle farm. 23. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to. B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry. C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters. D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times. 24. A) It was named after a land owner in the old days. B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate. C) It is protected as parkland by a special law. D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training. 25. A) The beautiful flowers. B) The refreshing air. C) The mineral waters. D) The vast grassland. “It “It turns turns turns out out out there’s there’s there’s no no no economic economic economic benefit benefit benefit to to to just just just having having having a a a goal goal goal---you ---you ---you just just just get get get a a a psychological psychological benefit” benefit” Schweitzer Schweitzer Schweitzer says. says. says. “But “But “But in in in many many many cases, cases, cases, goa goa goals ls ls have have have economic economic economic rewards rewards rewards that that that make make make them them them more more powerful.”A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable. Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. staff. It It It prompted prompted prompted employees employees employees to to to overcharge overcharge overcharge for for for work work work and and and to to to complete complete complete unnecessary unnecessary unnecessary repairs repairs repairs on on on a a companywide basis. Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team’s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes:“Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose.”But Schweitzer contends the “mounting causal evidence” linking goal -setting and harmful behavior sh should ould ould be be be studied studied studied to to to help help help spotlight spotlight spotlight issues issues issues that that that merit merit merit caution caution caution and and and further further further investigation. investigation. investigation. “Even “Even “Even a a a few few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects,” he says.“Goal “Goal-setting does help -setting does help coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization,” Schweitzer says.52. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting? A) Its negative effects have long been neglected. B) The goal increase people’s work efficiency.C) Its role has been largely underestimated. D) The goals most people set are unrealistic. 53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron? A) Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success. B) Businesses are less likely to succeed without setting realistic goals. C) Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals. D) Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power. 54. How did Sears’ goal -setting affect its employees? A) They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales. B) They competed with one another to attract more customers. C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota. D) They improved their customer service on a companywide basis. 55. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer’s research?A) Its findings are not of much practical value. B) It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting. C) Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence. D) It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject. 56. What is Schweitzer’s contention against Edwin Locke?A) The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study. B) Goal-setting has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture. 。
2012年6月英语六级真题及答案
2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题附答案Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of thefall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expen ses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program.According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offeringthree-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did fou r or five of his classmates.” My first yearof medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the fullfour-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2012年06月大学英语六级（CET-6）真题试卷（含答案和听力原文）
2012年06⽉⼤学英语六级（CET-6）真题试卷（含答案和听⼒原⽂）2012年6⽉英语六级真题Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C）and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to stu dents anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险) within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring “school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when w e were a summer stretch no longermakes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure (终⾝职位) ，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles (压制) them: younger professors must win the approval of establishedcolleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate. Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new thr ee year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医⽣) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to fo ur labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife. There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf studentswanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce. “Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growt h,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round. “You could run two complete colleg es, with two complete faculties,”he says. “That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above —universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world. Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
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随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。
(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....随着社会的发展，人们开始关注............People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。
As to whether it is worthwhile ....., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得___________的问题，一直以来争论不休。
当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。
The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasin gly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our atten tion.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。
...... plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of t he present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?"_______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。
不过，问题是："我们该如何抉择?"Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same cas e.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different back grounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。
不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked ..., some people think..... while some prefer...说到______，有人认为________，而另一些人则认为__________。
Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，""。
不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。
To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。
There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________。
When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as ....提到_________问题，很多人认为_________，不过，一些人则认为______是____.When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as...提到_________问题，仅少数人认为________，但另一些人则认为_________。
There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of .... There who criticize ...ar gue that ...., they believe that ...,but people who favor .., on the other hand, argue that...目前，_______问题争议较大。
批判_______的人认为_______，他们认为_______，不过，另一方面，赞同_______的人则认为_________。
Some people are of the opinion that..有些人认为_____________。
Many people claim that...A majority of 绝大多数A large number of 很多人Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages) 有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。
Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities.觉得_____的人认为，______ 城市的经济发展。
Some people advocate that ....有些人在坚持认为_________。
They hold that ... 他们认为_________。
People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reasons (grounds)坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。
Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。
Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it.强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。
Many people would claim that...People who support ... give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因：________。
But others hold the view that ...但是，另外一些人则认为_______。
观点的用词：Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take, have, come up with，set forth, put forward等。
But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate tha t..,.不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。
But people who are ..., on the other hand , maintain that...不过，另一方面，________的人认为__________。
However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning t his case.然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词：Issue, phenomenon，后接介词, on, over等。
However, some others argue that... 然而，另一些人则认为_________。
However, there are also some others who contend that...然而，也有人认为__________。
But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。
Some people examine this issue from another angle.有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly ...另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_____________。
According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ... rather than...根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_______而不会选择__________。