论文封面--莎士比亚悲剧故事中男主角的悲剧分析

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二〇一〇届本科毕业论文
The Tragical Fate of Male Protagonists in Shakespearean Tragedies
莎士比亚悲剧故事中男主角的悲剧分析
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二〇一〇年四月
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.
My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Pan Xiao hui, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
Abstract
William Shakespeare is the representative of the European Renaissance writers．In the course of a quarter century, Shakespeare wrote some thirty-seven plays. Several of them are among the world's finest written works；collectively, they establish Shakespeare as the foremost literary talent of his own Elizabethan Age and, even more impressively, as a genius whose creative achievement has never been surpassed in any age.
His creations reflect the British politics, ideology, culture, customs and traditions for a wide range of time. His plays occupy an important position in the European theater development or literary development，his tragedy even reach its peak level in the history of the world literature.
This article will start with the cultural origins of Shakespeare's creation, to analyze the tragic figures and the subjective sense of the male protagonists which lead them in achieving the same tragic endings toward life, showing the similarities of the male protagonists in Shakespearean tragedies, and explain the features of the humanities and the social realities of European Renaissance.
Key W ords: Shakespeare; male protagonists; tragical life
摘要
莎士比亚（1564-1616）是欧洲文艺复兴时期的代表作家。

在25年的写作过程中, 莎士比亚写了37部戏剧。

其中有好几部都在世界最好的作品之列。

大家都公认莎士比亚是伊丽莎白时期最具有文学天才的文学大师,而且更令人惊叹的是,作为一个天才,他的创作成就从来没有被任何时代的任何一个人超越过。

他的创作广泛的反映了当时英国的政治，思想，文化，风俗，习惯。

他的戏剧在欧洲戏剧发展史或文学发展史上占据重要的地位，而他的悲剧在世界文学史上更是达到了登峰造极的地步。

本文将从莎士比亚创作的文化渊源入手，剖析其悲剧人物中男主角在殊途同归走向人生悲剧的主观感情意识，展示其主要悲剧男主角的某些共性，解释欧洲文艺复兴时期的人文风貌和社会现实的某些特征。

关键词：莎士比亚；男主角；悲剧
Table of Contents
1I n t r o d u c t i o n (1)
1.1 A b rief intro d uct io n o f Willia m S hak espeare and his literary achievements (1)
1.2 A b r ie f int rd uct io n o f t he fo u r tra ged ie s (3)
1.2.1 C o n te n t s o f Ha m let (3)
1.2.2 Co ntents o f Ot hello (3)
1.2.3 C o ntents o f Ma cb et h (4)
1.2.4 Co ntents o f K ing L ea r (4)
2 T he s imilar it ie s o f t he fo ur ma le p ro ta go n ist s (4)
2.1T h e i r s i m i l a r f a m i l y b a c k g r o u n d (4)
2.1.1 H a m l e t’s fa m i l y b a c k g r o u n d (5)
2.1.2 O t h e l l o’s f a m i l y b a c k g r o u n d (5)
2.1.3 M a c b e t h’s f a m i l y b a c k g r o u n d (5)
2.1.4 K i n g L e a r’s fa m i l y b a c k g r o u n d (5)
2.2The ir s imilar life exp er ience (6)
2.2.1 H a m l e t’s l i f e e x p e r i e n c e (6)
2.2.2 O t h e l l o’s l i f e e x p e r i e n c e (7)
2.2.3 M a c b e t h’s l i f e e x p e r i e n c e (7)
2.2.4 K in g Le ar’s li fe e x p e r ie n ce (8)
2.3T he ir s imila r tra g ic e nd in g (9)
2.3.1 H a m l e t’s t r a g i c e n d i n g (9)
2.3.2 O t h e l l o’s t r a g i c e n d i n g (9)
2.3.3 M a c b e t h’s t r a g i c e n d i n g (9)
2.3.4 K in g L e a r’s t r a g ic e n d i n g (10)
3 The reaso ns fo r their trag ic end ing (11)
3.1T he ir c h arac te rs (11)
3.1.1 Hamlet’s character (11)
3.1.2 O the llo’s character (11)
3.1.3 Macb eth’s character (12)
3.1.4 King Lear’s character (13)
3.2T he ir s o c ia l b ack g ro u nd (14)
3.2.1 Hamlet’s social back gro und (14)
3.2.2 Othello’s social background (14)
3.2.3 Macbeth’s social background (15)
3.2.4 King Lear’s social background (15)
4 C o n c lu s io n (17)
Re fere nc es (18)。