2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(课标全国卷Ⅱ)试题及点评
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷II)及答案
全国卷22014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试第 I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记我不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定。
周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注。
据《礼记》记载，周代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市.”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录.汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富。
为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定。
汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食鳙肉，鳍肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余•……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐辅肉赚，与盗同法。
即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚致，否则将处罚当事人及相共官员。
唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十。
若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞.即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚鲠所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果加以科罚。
宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。
孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追迷了北宋都城介封济的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食北的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店镝以及相关行会。
商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商敌“以物市于人，敝恶之场，婢为新奇；假伪之物，饰为真实.如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增温润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物（《袁氏世范》）有的不法分子甚直采用鸡塞沙，鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩谋取利润。
为了加强对食品掺假、以次充好等现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必供加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责，“市律谓之行者，因官府科索而得此名，不以其物小大，但合充用者，抒为行，皆置为行，虽医卜亦有职.”（《都城纪肚》，商人们依经营类行组成行会，商铺、手工北和其他服务性行业的相关人员必领加入行会组织，并按行业登记在籍，否则就不能从业经营。
2014年全国卷2英语试题答案及详细解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷英语参考答案第一部分1—5 BCDCC 6—10 ADADD 11—15 ADBBA 16—20 BGCAF第三部分21—25 CADBD 26—30 CDADB 31—35 ACBAC 36—40 BDACB41.being 42. and 43. disappointed 44. to 45. caught46. to stop 47. riding 48.Did 49. me/mine 50. suddenly第四部分My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessonTherein the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework.don’t muchTherefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do readingforfor one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.hoursMy dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowerslooksand trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by thesit lake listenin g∧music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only ourto helpfulteachers but also our friends.书面表达One Possible VersionI often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free/spare time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷解析 阅读理解A篇genre美[ˈʒɑnrə]体裁 a story about kindness of people in Sydney 体现人性的真、善、美B篇topic:environmental protection(环保)C篇hot topic（热门话题）: Chinese Fever(汉语热)au pair [,əu'pεə][法语][英国英语](尤指外地来的)以帮做家务换取食宿的年轻女佣工；“互裨[bì]”姑娘(以授课、协助家务等只换取膳宿、学习英语、不取报酬的外国女子)D篇地铁小手册/指南考查学生快速查找提取有用信息的能力信息匹配题关于在繁忙中如何烹饪的小建议，难度适宜。
2014年全国高考理综试题及答案-新课标2卷(解析版)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）理科综合试卷第Ⅰ卷一、选择题(每小题6分，只有一个符合题意)1、关于细胞的叙述，错误的是A．植物细胞的胞间连丝具有物质运输的作用B．动物细胞间的粘着性与细胞膜上的糖蛋白有关C．ATP水解释放的能量可用于细胞内的吸能反应D．哺乳动物的细胞可以合成蔗糖，也可以合成乳糖【答案】D【解析】本题考查的是细胞结构和化学成份这两个知识点。
细胞膜的功能之一信息传递，其方式如通过胞间连丝，A项正确。
糖蛋白与细胞相互识别有关，又与细胞间的粘着性有关，癌变后的细胞由于糖蛋白减少所以易转移和扩散， B项正确。
ATP水解后有能量可用于各项生命活动，如电能、热能等其他细胞内的吸能反应，C项正确。
蔗糖是植物内的一种二糖，在哺乳动物的细胞不可以合成，故D项是错误的。
2.同一动物个体的神经细胞与肌肉细胞在功能上是不同的，造成这种差异的主要原因是A．两者所处的细胞周期不同B．两者合成的特定蛋白不同C．两者所含有的基因组不同D．两者核DNA复制的方式不同【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是细胞分化这个知识点。
同一生物个体的不同细胞，在形态结构与功能上是不同的，是基因的选择性表达的结果，其DNA分子或遗传物质并没有差异，A、C、D都不正确，基因的选择性表达之后，形成了不同的蛋白质，使各细胞中的蛋白质有所不同，故B项正确。
3.关于在正常情况下组织液的生成与回流的叙述，错误的是A．生成与回流的组织液中氧气的含量相等B．组织液不断生成与回流，并保持动态平衡C．血浆中的有些物质经毛细血管动脉端进入组织液D．组织液中的有些物质经毛细血管静脉端进入血液【答案】D【解析】本题考查的是内环境成份这一个知识点。
内环境中的各种成份是处于动态平衡之中，氧气在生成的组织液中会高于回流的组织液，因为组织细胞在不断消耗氧气，这样氧气就能以自由扩散形式从组织液进入组织细胞，故A不正确，B正确。
因为毛细血管壁有一定通透性，所以血浆中的小分子物质可以透过毛细血管动脉端进入组织液，同理，组织液中的有些物质经毛细血管静脉端进入血液，血浆与组织液可以发生物质相互渗透。
2014年高考英语真题(新课标全国卷Ⅱ)及答案详细解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国卷Ⅱ）英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第I卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.£ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15答案是C。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride..C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult..B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
[VIP专享]2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标卷Ⅱ)答案
![[VIP专享]2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标卷Ⅱ)答案](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7df526674693daef5ef73df1.png)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷Ⅱ）语文试题参考答案一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）1．【标准答案】C【解析】C项说法的错误在于无中生有。
【考点定位】此题考点为归纳内容要点，概括中心意思。
能力层级为分析综合C。
2．【图片版标准答案】B【解析版答案】C【解析】C项说法中“同时方便官府向商户、手工业者等收取费用，这也是宋代行会的重要职责”于原文无据。
【考点定位】此题考点为归纳内容要点，概括中心意思。
能力层级为分析综合C。
3．【图片版标准答案】B【解析版答案】C【解析】C项“有关食品安全的规定始于周代”的说法原文无据。
【考点定位】此题考点为归纳内容要点，概括中心意思。
能力层级为分析综合C。
二、古代诗文阅读（36分）（一）文言文阅读（19分）4．【标准答案】D【解析】D项对“著”的解释有误，在这里应是“登记、记载”之意。
【考点定位】本题考点为理解常见文言实词在文中的含义。
能力层级为理解B。
5．【标准答案】C【解析】解答此题，可先整体阅读文段，弄懂其大意是韩文对刘瑾等人的不满，文段先写刘瑾等人引导皇帝沉溺声色犬马的行为，接着写韩文对这些行为的不满。
于是据此理解断句。
【考点定位】本题考点为理解并翻译文中的句子。
能力层级为理解B。
6．【标准答案】B【解析】B项错误为：无中生有。
【考点定位】此题考点为归纳内容要点，概括中心意思。
能力层级为分析综合C。
7．【图片版标准答案】（1）淳安公主受赐田地有三百顷，又想强夺任丘民众的产业，因韩文尽力相争才停止。
【解析版答案】（1）淳安公主有三百顷皇上赏赐的田地，又想夺取任丘老百姓的产业，韩文竭力抗争才让这事停止下来。
（关键词：赐、复、民业、力争各1分，句意1分）【图片版标准答案】（2）当即与各位大臣一道拜伏宫阙上奏，皇上惊哭不食，刘瑾等人大为恐惧。
【解析版答案】（2）韩文立即偕同各位大臣匍匐在金銮宝殿给皇帝上书，奏章递入皇宫，皇帝吃惊得哭泣着吃不下饭，刘瑾等人十分恐惧。
2014年高考新课标Ⅱ卷英语试题---解析版
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷fchwrf英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．AArriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband ,Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon todiscover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.【小题1】.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A. Go shoppingB. Find a houseC. Join his familyD. Take his family【小题2】.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.A. a friend of his familyB. a Sydney policemanC. a letter in his papersD. a stranger in Sydney【小题3】.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?A. ShowedB. Sent outC. DeliveredD. Gave back【小题4】.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. From India to Australia.B. Living in a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure.D. In Search of New Friends.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】CBSince the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment ,let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,”says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .【小题1】According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___A the social movementB recycling techniquesC environmental problemsD the importance of Earth Day【小题2】Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A The grass –roots levelB The business circleC Government officialsD University professors【小题3】What have Americans achieved in environmental protection ?A They have cut car emissions to the lowestB They have settled their environmental problemsC They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D They have reduced pollution through effective measures .【小题4】.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?A EducationB PlanningC Green livingD CO reduction【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】ACOne of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.”But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”The popularity if au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.【小题1】.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?A. A mother raising her children on her ownB. A child learning a foreign language at homeC. A professor in language education of childrenD. A young foreign woman taking care of children.【小题2】. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.A. to live in China some dayB. to speak the language at homeC. to catch up wit other childrenD. to learn about the Chinese culture【小题3】. What can we infer from the text?A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,B. Educated woman do better in looking after childrenC. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】D【小题3】A【解析】试题分析: 本文属于说明文体裁。
2014年全国2卷高考英语真题及详细解析(解析版,学生版,精校版,新课标Ⅱ卷)
2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
1．（1.5分）What does the woman want to do？A．Find a place B．Buy a map C．Get an address．2．（1.5分）What will the man do for the woman？A．Repair her car．B．Give her a ride．C．Pick up her aunt．3．（1.5分）Who might Mr．Peterson be？A．A new professor．B．A department head．C．A company director．4．（1.5分）What does the man think of the book？A．Quite difficult．B．Very interesting．C．Too simple．5．（1.5分）What are the speakers talking about？A．Weather B．Clothes．C．News．6．（3分）听第6段材料，回答6、7题．6．Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman？A．He has a pain in his knee．B．He wants to watch TV．C．He is too lazy．7．What will the woman probably do next？A．Stay at home．B．Take Harry to hospital．C．Do some exercise．8．（3分）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题．8．When will the man be home from work？A．At 5：45．B．At 6：15．C．At 6：50．9．Where will the speakers go？A．The Green House Cinema．B．The New State Cinema．C．The UME Cinema．10．（4.5分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．How will the speakers go to New York？A．By air．B．By taxi．C．By bus．11．Why are the speakers making the trip？A．For business．B．For shopping．C．For hoilday．12．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Driver and passenger．B．Husband and wife．C．Fellow workers．13．（6分）听第9段材料，回答第13～16题．13．Where does this conversation probably take place？A．In a restaurant．B．In an office．C．In a classroom．14．What does John do now？A．He's a trainer．B．He's a tour guide．C．He's a college student．15．How much can a new person earn for the first year？A.10，500．B.12，000．C.15，000．16．How many people will the woman hire？A．Four．B．Three．C．Two．17．（6分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．How long has the speaker lived in a big city？A．One year B．Ten years C．Eighteen years．18．What is the speaker's opinion on public transport？A．It's comfortable B．It's time﹣saving C．It's cheap19．Whay is good about living in a small town？A．It's safer B．It's healthier C．It's more convenient20．What kind of life does the speakers seem to like most？A．Busy B．Colourful C．Quiet．第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共4小题）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．21．（8分）Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children．During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping．He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone．He was extremelyworried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport．He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one．Late in the evening，the phone rang．It was a stranger．He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions．Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath．My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents．Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers．Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents．At last they had seen a half﹣written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend．That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people．We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way．21．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney？A．Go shoppingB．Find a houseC．Join his familyD．Take his family22．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from．A．a friend of his familyB．a Sydney policemanC．a letter in his papersD．a stranger in Sydney23．What does the underlined word"restored"in the last paragraph mean？A．ShowedB．Sent outC．DeliveredD．Gave back24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？A．From India to Australia．B．Living in a a New Country．C．Turning Trash to Treasure．D．In Search of New Friends．25．（8分）Since the first Earth Day in 1970，American have gotten a lot"greener"toward the environment．"We didn't know at that time there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，"says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA．But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement．Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass﹣roots Americans are taking part in the movement．"The understanding has increased many，many times，"says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first．According to US government reports，emissions （排放）from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3million tons a year to 5.5tons．The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40to 9．Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place．A kind of"Green thinking"has become part of practices．Great improvement has been achieved．In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995there are about 6，600．Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution．Twenty﹣five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment．Today，it's hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program．"Until we do that，nothing else willchange!"say Bruce Anderson．25．According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea aboutA．the social movementB．recycling techniquesC．environmental problemsD．the importance of Earth Day26．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from？A．The grass﹣roots levelB．The business circleC．Government officialsD．University professors27．What have\Americans achieved in environmental protection？A．They have cut car emissions to the lowestB．They have settled their environmental problemsC．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities．D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures．28．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph？A．EducationB．PlanningC．Green livingD．CO reduction．29．（6分）One of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs．Au Pair in Stamford，for example，has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4，000since 2004．And that's true all across the country．"I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age"Joseph Stocke，the managing director of s company，says of his 2﹣year old son．"I would at least liketo give him the chance to use the language in the future，"After only six months of being cared by 25﹣year﹣old woman from China，the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions，his dad says．Li Drake，a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband，had another reason for looking for an au pair from China．She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots．"Because I am Chinese，my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to（接触）the language and culture．"she says．"Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，"says Suzanne Flynn，a professor in language education of Children．"But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders．Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10or 12．" The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese．It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years．29．What does that term"au pair"in the text mean？A．A mother raising her children on her ownB．A child learning a foreign language at homeC．A professor in language education of childrenD．A young foreign woman taking care of children．30．Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them．A．to live in China some dayB．to speak the language at homeC．to catch up wit other childrenD．to learn about the Chinese culture31．What can we infer from the text？A．Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America，B．Educated woman do better in looking after childrenC．Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills．D．Children can learn a foreign language well in six months．32．（8分）Metro Pocket GuideMetrorail（地铁）Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out．Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer．Farecard machine are in every station，Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to 5inchange．GetoneofunlimitedMetrorailrideswithaOneDayPass．Buyitfromafarecardmachinein Metrostations．Useitafter9：30a．m．untilclosingonweekdays，andalldayonweekendsandholidays．HoursofServiceOpen：5a．mMon﹣Fri 7a．m．Sat﹣Sun．Close midnight Sun﹣Thur．Lasttraintimevary．Toavoidmissingthelasttrain，pleasecheckthelasttraintimepostedinthestation．MetrobusWhenpayingwithexactchange，thefareis 1.35．when paying with a smatTripâ CARD the fare is $1.25Fares for the Senior/disabled customersSenior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare．On Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripâ card．For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，farecard or SmarTripR card and passes，please visit MetroOpenDoors．com or call 202﹣637﹣7000 and 202﹣637﹣8000．Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202﹣962﹣1100Travel tips．avoid riding during weekday rush periods﹣before 9：30 a．m．and between 4 and 6p．m．if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost Found at 202﹣962﹣1195．32．what should you know about farecard machine？A．Theystartsellingticketsat9：30a．m．B．Theyareconnectedtochangemachines．C．Theyofferspecialservicetotheelderly．D．Theymakechangefornomorethan5．33．At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday？A．At midnight B．at 3a．m．C．at 5am D．at 7p．m．34．What is good about a SmarTrip®card？A．It is convenient for old people B．It saves money for its usersC．it can be bought at any time D．it is sold on the Internet．35．Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro？A.202﹣962﹣1195B.202﹣962﹣1100C.202﹣673﹣7000D.202﹣673﹣8000．第二节（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．36．（10分）Tips for cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money and time，（36）Money is a topic I'll save for another day．So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen．Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：①Think ahead．The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat．So think about of the coming week．When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials ready？（37）②Make your time worth it．When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most ofit and save yourself time later on．Are you making one loaf of bread？（38）it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something．So save yourself the effort for a future meal．③（39）This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation．It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule．The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule．Hopefully that gives you a good start．（40）and don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A．Try new things．B．Ability is easily improved．C．Make three or four instead．D．Understand your food better．E．Cooking is a burden for many people．F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden．G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on．第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共1小题；每题1.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．41．（30分）Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains．They reached the top （41），but on their way back conditions were very（42）．Joe fell and broke his leg．They both knew that if Simon （43）alone，he would probably get back （44）．But Simon decided to risk his（45）and try to lower Joe down themountain on a rope（绳）．As they（46）down，the weather got worse．Then another （47）occurred．They couldn't see or hear each other and，（48），Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）．It was （49）for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up．Joe's（50）was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice．（51），after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold，Simon had to （52）．In tears，he cut the rope．Joe （53）into a large crevasse （裂缝）in the ice below．He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain．He couldn't walk，but he （54）to get out of the crevasse and started to （55）towards their camp，nearly ten kilometers （56）．Simon had（57）the camp at the foot of the mountain．He thought that Joe must be（58），but he didn't want to leave （59）．Three days later，in the middle of the night，he heard Joe's voice．He couldn't（60）it．Joe was there，a few meters from their tent，still alive．41．A．hurriedly B．carefully C．successfully D．early 42．A．difficult B．similar C．special D．normal 43．A．climbed B．worked C．rested D．continued 44．A．unwillingly B．safely C．slowly D．regretfully 45．A．fortune B．time C．health D．life 46．A．lay B．settled C．went D．looked 47．A．damage B．storm C．change D．trouble 48．A．by mistake B．by chance C．by chance D．by luck 49．A．unnecessary B．practical C．important D．impossible 50．A．height B．weight C．strength D．equipment51．A．Finally B．Patiently C．Surely D．Quickly 52．A．stand back B．take a rest C．make a decision D．hold on 53．A．jumped B．fell C．escaped D．backed 54．A．managed B．planned C．waited D．hoped 55．A．run B．skate C．move D．march 56．A．around B．away C．above D．along 57．A．headed for B．travelled C．left for D．returnedto 58．A．dead B．hurt C．weak D．late 59．A．secretly B．tiredly C．immediately D．anxiously 60．A．find B．believe C．make D．accept．第二节（共10分；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式．61．（15分）One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about （61）（be）late for school．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，（62）some of them looked very anxious and （63）（disappoint）．when the bus finally came，we all hurried on board．I got a place next （64）the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk．A boy on a bike （65）（catch ）my attention．He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms．I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused （66）（stop）until we reached the next stop．Still，the boy kept （67）（ride）．He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting．Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy ran up the door of the bus．I heard an excited conversation．Then the driver stood up and asked，"（68）anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？"A woman on the bus shouted，"Oh，dear!It‘s （69）（I ）"．She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully，Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers（70）（sudden）became friendly to one another．第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（满分10分）71．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．My dream school starts at 8：30a．m and ends at 3：30p．m．They are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon．We didn't need to do so many homework．Therefore，we have more time with after﹣school activities．For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day．My dream school look like a big garden．There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom，buildings．We can lie on the grass for a rest，sat by the lake listening music．The teachers here are kind and helpfully．They are not only our teachers but also our friends．第二节书面表达（25分）72．（25分）一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是"十年后的我"、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文：（1）家庭（2）工作（3）业余生活注意：（1）次数100左右；（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；（3）开头语已为你写好I often imagine what my life will be like in the future．．2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）参考答案与试题解析第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国2II卷(物理) 答案及详细解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国2卷）理科综合（物理）14.已知甲乙两汽车在一平直公路上同向行驶。
在t=0到t=t1的时间内,它们的v-t图像如图所示。
在这段时间内( )A.汽车甲的平均速度比乙大B.汽车乙的平均速度等于错误！未找到引用源。
C.甲乙两汽车的位移相同D.汽车甲的加速度大小逐渐减小,汽车乙的加速度大小逐渐增大15.取水平地面为重力势能零点,一物块从某一高度水平抛出,在抛出点其动能与重力势能恰好相等。
不计空气阻力。
该物块落地时的速度方向与水平方向的夹角为( ) A.错误！未找到引用源。
B.错误！未找到引用源。
C.错误！未找到引用源。
D.错误！未找到引用源。
16.一物体静止在粗糙水平地面上,现用一大小为F1的水平拉力拉动物体,经过一段时间后其速度变为v,若将水平拉力的大小改为F2,物体从静止开始经过同样的时间后速度变为2v,对于上述两个过程,用W F1、W F2分别表示拉力F1、F2所做的功,W f1、W f2分别表示前后两次克服摩擦力所做的功,则( )A.W F2>4W F1,W f2>2W f1B.W F2>4W F1,W f2=2W f1C.W F2<4W F1,W f2=2W f1D.W F2<4W F1,W f2<2W f117.如图,一质量为M的光滑大圆环,用一细轻杆固定在竖直平面内;套在大环上质量为m的小环(可视为质点),从大环的最高处由静止滑下。
重力加速度大小为g,当小环滑到大环的最低点时,大环对轻杆拉力的大小为( )A.Mg-5mgB.Mg+mgC.Mg+5mgD.Mg+10mg18.假设地球可视为质量均匀分布的球体。
已知地球表面重力加速度在两极的大小为g0;在赤道的大小为g;地球自转的周期为T,引力常量为G。
地球的密度为( )A.错误！未找到引用源。
B.错误！未找到引用源。
C.错误！未找到引用源。
D.错误！未找到引用源。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅱ卷)数学(理)试卷及解析
【答案解析】C.
解析：毛胚的之比为：
，故选C.
7.执行右图的程序框图，如果输入的x，t均为2，则输出的S=( )
A.4 B.5 C.6D.7
【答案解析】D.
解析：第1次循环M=2,S=5,k=1
第2次循环，M=2,S=7,k=2
第3次循环k=3>2,故输出S=7
【答案解析】[-1,1]
解析：设N点的坐标为
（1）当 时
∵
∴OM,MN的斜率分别为：
∵
∴
即
取正号时，化简（*）式得：
取负号化简（*）式得：
∴
∴
故 且
（2）当 时，取 ,此时满足题设.
（3）当 时，取 ，此时也满足题设.
综上所述，
三、解答题（本大题共8小题）
17.(12分)
已知数列 满足 .
(I)证明 是等比数列，并求 的通项公式；
A.0.8B.0.75 C. 0.6 D.0.45
【答案解析】A.
解析：设第i天空气优良记着事件 ，则 ,
∴第1天空气优良，第2天空气也优良这个事件的概率为
，故选A.
6.如图，网格纸上正方形小格子的边长为1(表示1cm)，图中粗线画出的是某零件的三视图，该零件由一个底面半径为3cm，高为6cm的圆柱体毛胚切削而得到，则切削掉部分的体积与原来毛胚体积的比值为（ ）
A. B. C. D.
【答案解析】 D
解析：∵
∴抛物线C的焦点的坐标为：
所以直线AB的方程为：
故
从而
∴弦长
又∵O点到直线 的距离
∴ ,故选D.
11.直三棱柱 中，∠BCA=90°，M，N分别是 ， 的中点， ，则BM与AN的夹角的余弦值为( )
2014年高考英语全国卷II试题及答案
2014年高考英语全国卷II试题及答案2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．AArriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A. Go shoppingB. Find a houseC. Join his familyD. Take his family2. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.A. a friend of his familyB. a Sydney policemanC. a letter in his papersD. a stranger in Sydney3. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?A. ShowedB. Sent outC. DeliveredD. Gave back4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. From India to Australia.B. Living in a a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure.D. In Search of New Friends.BSince the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders,university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs forenvironment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .5 According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___A. the social movementB. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day6 Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A. The grass –roots levelB. The business circleC. Government officialsD. University professors7. What have \Americans achieved in environmental protection ?A. They have cut car emissions to the lowestB. They have settled their environmental problemsC. They have lowered their CO levels in fortycities.D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures .8. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?A. EducationB. PlanningC. Green livingD. CO reductionCOne of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. “I w ould at least like to givehim the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”The popularity if au pairs from china hasbeen strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?A. A mother raising her children on her ownB. A child learning a foreign language at homeC. A professor in language education of childrenD. A young foreign woman taking care of children.10. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.A. to live in China some dayB. to speak the language at homeC. to catch up wit other childrenD. to learn about the Chinese culture11. What can we infer from the text?A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular InAmerica,B. Educated woman do better in looking after childrenC. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.DMetro Pocket GuideMetrorail(地铁)Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekendsand holidays.Hours of ServiceOpen: 5 a.m Mon-Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun .Close midnight Sun—Thur.Last train time vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.MetrobusWhen paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTrip®CARD the fare is $1.25Fares for the Senior /disabled customersSenior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip® card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripR card and passes, please visit or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can getfree guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100 Travel tips. avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.. if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at202-962-1195.12. what should you know about farecard machine?A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.B. They are connected to change machines.C. They offer special service to the elderly.D. They make change for no more than $5.13. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?A. At midnightB. at 3 a.m.C. at 5 amD. at 7 p.m.14. What is good about a SmarTrip card?A. It is convenient for old peopleB. It saves money for its usersC. it can be bought at any timeD. itis sold on the Internet.15. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?A. 202-962-1195B.202-962-1100C.202-673-7000D.202-673-8000第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2014年高考语文新课标2卷试题和答案解析
绝密★启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标2卷）语文试卷注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、主考正好填写在答题卡上。
2.作答时，将答案卸载答题卡上。
卸载本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问题，20世纪解释学兴起，一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。
过去，通常只是从艺术品的立场出发，将创作看作艺术家审美经验的结晶过程，作品完成就意味着创作完成。
而从接受美学的角度来看，这一完成并不说明创作已经终结，它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落，接下来是读者或观众、听众的再创作。
由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义，也就是说，接受者也是艺术创作的主体之一.艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢？接受美学的创始人、德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构”，因为文本有“空白”“空缺”“否定”三个要素。
所谓“空白”是说它有一些东西没有表达出来，作者有意不写或不明写，要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充；所谓“空缺”，是语言结构造成的各个图像间的空白，接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图像片断连接起来，整合成一个有机的图像系统；所谓“否定”指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能，它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判。
由此可见，文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合，完成艺术品的第二次创作。
正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁，其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象.接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的。
海德格尔提出“前理解”，即理解前的心理文化结构，这种结构影响着理解。
2014年高考全国II卷(含解析)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国II卷）理科综合化学部分7．下列过程没有发生化学反应的是A．用活性炭去除冰箱中的异味B．用热碱水清除炊具上残留的污垢C．用浸泡过高锰酸钾溶液的硅藻土保鲜水果D．用含硅胶、铁粉的透气小袋与食品一起密封包装【答案】A【解析】A、活性炭去除冰箱中的异味是利用活性炭的物理吸附作用，没有发生化学变化，A正确；B、污垢的主要成分是油脂，该过程利用了油脂在碱性条件下（热碱溶液）能发生彻底的水解反应，发生了化学变化，B错误；C、水果在成熟的过程中，会释放一种称为乙烯的物质，乙烯具有还原性，能够被酸性高锰酸钾溶液氧化，发生了氧化反应，属于化学变化，C错误；D、铁粉可吸收氧气，防止食品被氧化，属于化学变化，D错误。
8．四联苯的一氯代物有A．3种B．4种C．5种D．6种【答案】C【解析】根据四联苯的结构可知，的分子结构呈现对称性，则四联苯分子中有5种不同类型的H原子，所以一氯代物也有5种。
9．下列反应中，反应后固体物质增重的是A．氢气通过灼热的CuO粉末B．二氧化碳通过Na2O2粉末C．铝与Fe2O3发生铝热反应D．将锌粒投入Cu（NO3）2溶液【答案】B【解析】A、发生的反应是CuO+H2Cu+H2O，固体从CuO Cu，质量减小，A错误；B、发生的反应是2Na2O2+2CO2=Na2CO3+O2↑，固体从Na2O2Na2CO3，质量增加，B正确；C、发生的反应是Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+Fe，固体从Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+Fe，质量没有变化，C错误；D、发生的反应是Zn+Cu(NO3)2= Zn(NO3)2+Cu，固体从Zn Cu ，质量减小，D错误。
10．下列图示试验正确的是A ．除去粗盐溶液中的不溶物B ．碳酸氢钠受热分解C ．除去CO 气体中的CO 2气体D ．乙酸乙酯的制备【答案】D 【解析】A 、除去粗盐中的不溶物采取过滤的方法，过滤时要注意“一贴二低三靠”，“三靠”指的是玻璃棒下端要紧靠三层滤纸一侧、烧杯紧靠玻璃棒、漏斗下端紧靠烧杯内壁，A 错误；B 、加热固体，试管口要向下倾斜，B 错误；C 、除去CO 气体中的CO2气体要通过含有碱溶液的洗气瓶，要注意气流方向为长管进气、短管出气，C 错误；D 、制备乙酸乙酯的实验装置正确。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合试卷(全国卷II)及答案
绝密★启封前6月8日9:002014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试（课标卷Ⅱ）适用地区：青海、西藏、甘肃、贵州、吉林、宁夏、内蒙古、黑龙江、新疆、云南、辽宁注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答题前，考生务必在将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在试卷上无效。
3.回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在试卷上无效。
4.考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
珠江三角洲某中心城市周边的农民竞相在自家的宅基地建起了“握手楼”（图1）据此完成1～2题。
1.农民建“握手楼”的直接目的是A.吸引外来人口定居B.吸引市民周末度假C.增加自住房屋面积D.出租房屋增加收入2.“握手楼”的修建反映该中心城市A.居住人口减少B.城市房价昂贵C.人居环境恶化D.城区不再扩大总部位于江苏徐州（约34°N，117°E）的某企业承接了甲国（图2）价值7.446亿美元的工程机械订单。
据此完成3～5题。
3.甲国位于A.欧洲B.非洲C.北美洲D.南美洲4.2011年6月21日，该定单的首批产品从徐州发货。
这一日，徐州与甲国首都相比A.徐州的正午太阳高度较高B.徐州的白昼较短C.两地正午物影方向相同D.两地日出方位角相同5.该批产品运往甲国，最近的海上航线需经A.好望角B.苏伊士运河C.巴拿马运河D.麦哲伦海峡降水在生态系统中被分为蓝水和绿水。
蓝水是形成径流的部分（包括地表径流和地下径流）；绿水是被蒸发（腾）的部分，其中被植物蒸腾的部分称为生产性绿水，被蒸发的部分被称为非生产性绿水。
据此完成6～7题。
6.下列河流中，绿水比例最大的是A.塔里木河流域B.长江流域C.雅鲁藏布江流域D.黑龙江流域7.在干旱和半干旱地区，下列措施中，使绿水中生产性绿水比重提高最多的是A.水田改旱地B.植树造林C.覆膜种植农作物D.修建梯田图3示意科隆群岛（加拉帕戈斯群岛）的地理位置。
2014年高考英语试卷(新课标ⅱ)(含解析版)
2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
AArriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.21. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A. Go shoppingB. Find a houseC. Join his familyD. Take his family22. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from.A. a friend of his familyB. a Sydney policemanC. a letter in his papersD. a stranger in Sydney23. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?A. ShowedB. Sent outC. DeliveredD. Gave back24. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. From India to Australia.B. Living in a a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure.D. In Search of New Friends.BSince the first Earth Day in 1970, American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment,let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many,many times,” says Gay lord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.” Until we do that, nothing else will change!” say Bruce Anderson.25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about.A. the social movementB. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day26. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A. The grass-roots levelB. The business circleC. Government officialsD. University professors27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B. They have settled their environmental problems.C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?A. EducationB. PlanningC. Green livingD. CO reductionCOne of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year-old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots. “Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to (接触) the language and culture.” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children. “But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”The popularity if au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.29. What does that term “au pair” in the text mean?A. A mother raising her children on her own.B. A child learning a foreign language at home.C. A professor in language education of children.D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them.A. to live in China some dayB. to speak the language at homeC. to catch up wit other childrenD. to learn about the Chinese culture31. What can we infer from the text?A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.B. Educated woman do better in looking after children.C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.DMetro Pocket GuideMetrorail (地铁)Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.Get one ticket of unlimited Metrorall rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays. Hours of serviceOpen: 5a.m. Mon.---Fri. 7a.m. Sat.---Sun.Close: midnight Sun.---Thur. 3a.m. Fri.---Sat. nightsLast train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.MetrobusWhen paying with exact charge, the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTripⓇ card, the fare is $1.25.Fares for the senior/ disabled customersSenior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripⓇcard. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripⓇcards and passes, please visit or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorall services by calling 202-962-1100.Travel tips (提示)•Avoid riding during weekday rush periods---before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.•If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.32. What should you know about farecard machines?A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.B. They are connected to change machines.C. They offer special service to the elderly.D. They make change for no more than $5.33. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?A. At midnightB. at 3 a.m.C. at 5 a.m.D.at 7 p.m.34. What is good about a SmarTrip® card?A. It is convenient for old people.B. It saves money for its users.C. it can be bought at any time.D. it is sold on the Internet.35. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?A. 202-962-1195B. 202-962-1100C. 202-673-7000D. 202-673-8000第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国II卷语文真题(含答案解析)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试课标全国卷Ⅰ语文本卷满分150分,考试时间150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1—3题。
悲剧产生于社会的矛盾、两种社会力量的冲突。
冲突双方分别代表着真与假、善与恶、新与旧等对立的两极,却总是以代表真、善、新等美好的一方的失败、死亡、毁灭为结局,他们是悲剧的主人公。
因为他们的力量还比较弱小,还无法与强大的旧势力或邪恶力量抗衡,正义的要求不能实现,于是形成了悲剧。
古希腊学者亚里士多德指出,悲剧描写了比现实中更美好同时又是“与我们相似的”人物,通过他们的毁灭“引起怜悯和恐惧来使感情得到陶冶”,即产生净化的作用。
然而,悲剧不仅表现冲突与毁灭,而且表现抗争与拼搏,这是悲剧具有审美价值的最根本的原因。
鲁迅说过:“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看。
”这种毁灭是抗争、拼搏以后的毁灭,抗争与拼搏体现了人的一种精神。
古希腊神话中普罗米修斯为了人类从天上盗取火种,触怒了主神宙斯,被锁在高加索山崖上,每日遭神鹰啄食肝脏,但普罗米修斯毫不屈服,最后坠入深渊。
罗丹的大理石雕塑《马身人首》中,人臂绝望地扑向一个它所抓不到的目标,而马足则陷于尘土不能自拔,表现出人性与兽性的冲突,象征着灵与肉的斗争,具有强烈的悲剧性。
可以说,没有抗争就没有悲剧,冲突、抗争与毁灭是构成悲剧的三个主要因素。
悲剧的审美价值的载体只能是文学艺术。
因为人生有价值的东西、美好事物的毁灭是令人伤悲的,因此现实中的悲剧不能作为直接的审美对象来欣赏,否则人就是泯灭了人性的人了。
现实中的悲剧只能激起人的同情、义愤,迫使人采取严肃的伦理态度和实践行动。
民主革命时期,在演出歌剧《白毛女》的过程中,曾多次出现扮演地主黄世仁的演员被打甚至险遭枪击的事件,这是人们以实际的道德评价代替了审美活动。
现实的悲剧只在客观上具有悲剧的审美性质,它们必须以文学艺术的形式表现出来,才能成为欣赏的对象,美学上所谓的“以悲为美”才能实现。
2014高考全国新课标II卷英语试题评价与解析
河北冀州中学 姚黎明
一.整体评价 1.难易适中，突出双基。
2.突出语境，淡化语法。 3.注重运用，贴近生活。 4.语境真实，语言地道。
二.试题结构动向： 1.去掉“单项选择”，摒弃单纯的语 法测试。 2.增加“语法填空”题，能力要求提 高。 客观题比重降低 主观题比重增加 单句层次 语篇层次
• 21. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A. Go shopping B. Find a house C. Join his family D. Take his family • 22. The girl‘s parents got Rashid‘s phone number from_______. A. a friend of his family B. a Sydney policeman C. a letter in his papers D. a stranger in Sydney
D.高频词汇，重点短语 1.the latest trend最新趋势 2.say of 对…有说法，就…谈看法 3.miss out on 将…漏掉，错过 4.be /keep exposed to 接触 5.popular popularity
29.What does that term‖ au pair‖ in the text mean? A. A mother raising her children on her own B. A child learning a foreign language at home C. A professor in language education of children D. A young foreign woman taking care of children. 30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______. A. to live in China some day B. to speak the language at home C. to catch up wit other children D. to learn about the Chinese culture
2014年全国统一高考语文试卷(新课标ⅱ)(含解析版)
2014年全国统一高考语文试卷（新课标Ⅱ）一、现代文阅读（9分）1．（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1﹣3题。
周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定。
周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注。
据《礼记》记栽，周代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市。
”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录。
汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富。
为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定。
汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法。
”即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员。
唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十。
若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞。
即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果以科罚。
宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。
孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追述了北宋都城开封府的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食业的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店铺以及相关行会。
商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商贩“以物市于人，敝恶之物，饰为新奇；假伪之物，饰为真实。
如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增温润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物”（《袁氏世范》）．有的不法分子甚至采用鸡塞沙，鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩谋取利润。
为了加强对食品掺假，以次充好现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必须加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责。
“市肆谓之行者，因官府料索而得此名，不以其物小大，但合充用者，皆置为行，虽医卜亦有职。
2014年高考语文真题(word版)——新课标Ⅱ卷(试题+答案解析)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成第1～3题。
周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定。
周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注。
据《礼记》记载，周代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市。
”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录。
汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富。
为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定。
汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余。
……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法。
”即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员。
唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十。
若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞。
即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果加以科罚。
宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。
孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追述了北宋都城开封府的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食业的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店铺以及相关行会。
商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商贩“以物市于人，敝恶之物，饰为新奇；假伪之物，饰为真实。
如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增湿润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物”（《袁氏世范》）。
有的不法分子甚至采用鸡塞沙、鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩牟取利润。
为了加强对食品掺假、以次充好等现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必须加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
【本文作者】姓 名：张桂峰工作单位：内蒙古呼和浩特市清水河县中学2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科（新课标卷Ⅱ）第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．设集合M ＝{0，1，2}，N ＝{x | x 2－3x ＋2≤0}，则M ∩N ＝（ ） A ．{1} B ．{2} C ．{0，1} D ．{1，2}2．设复数z 1，z 2在复平面内的对应点关于虚轴对称，z 1＝2＋i ，则z 1z 2＝（ ） A ．－5 B ．5 C ．－4＋i D ．－4－i 3．设向量a ，b 满足│a ＋b │＝10，│a －b │＝6，则a ²b ＝（ ） A ．1 B ．2 C ．3 D ．5 4．钝角三角形ABC 的面积是21，AB ＝1，BC ＝2 ，则AC ＝（ ） A ．5 B ．5 C ．2 D ．15．某地区空气质量监测资料表明，一天的空气质量为优良的概率是0.75，连续两天为优良的概率是0.6，已知某天的空气质量为优良，则随后一天的空气质量为优良的概率是（ ）A ．0.8B ．0.75C ．0.6D ．0.456．如图，网格纸上正方形小格的边长为1（表示1cm ）零件的三视图，该零件由一个底面半径为3cm ，高为6cm 削得到，则切削掉部分的体积与原来毛坯体积的比值为（ A ．2717 B ．95 C ．2710 D ．317．执行右图程序框图，如果输入的x ，t 均为2，则输出的S ＝（ A ．4 B ．5 C ．6 D ．7 8．设曲线y ＝ax －ln （x ＋1）在点（0，0）处的切线方程为y ＝2x ， 则a ＝（ ）A ．0B ．1C ．2D ．39．设x ，y 满足约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥--≤+-≤-+05301307y x y x y x ，则z ＝2x －y 的最大值为（ ）A ．10B ．8C ．3D ．210．设F 为抛物线C ：y 2＝3x 的焦点，过F 且倾斜角为30°的直线交C 于A ，B 两点，O 为坐标原点，则△OAB的面积为（ ） A ．433 B ．839 C ．3263 D ．4911．直三棱柱ABC －A 1B 1C 1中，∠BCA ＝90°，M 、N 分别是A 1B 1、A 1C 1的中点，BC ＝CA ＝CC 1，则BM 与AN所成的角的余弦值为（ ） A ．101 B ．52 C ．1030D ．2212．设函数f （x ）＝3sinmxπ．若存在f （x ）的极值点x 0满足x 02＋［f （x 0）］2＜m 2，则m 的取值范围是（ ） A ．（－∞，－6）∪（6，＋∞） B ．（－∞，－4）∪（4，＋∞）C ．（－∞，－2）∪（2，＋∞）D ．（－∞，－1）∪（4，＋∞）第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分．第13题——第21题为必考题，每个试题考生必须做答．第22题——第24题为选考题，考生根据要求做答． 二．填空题13．（x ＋a ）10的展开式中，x 7的系数为15，则a ＝________．（用数字填写答案） 14．函数f （x ）＝sin （x ＋2ϕ）－2 sin ϕcos （x ＋ϕ）的最大值为_________．15．已知偶函数f （x ）在［0，＋∞）单调递减，f （2）＝0．若f （x －1）＞0，则x 的取值范围是__________． 16．设点M （x 0，1），若在圆O ：x 2＋y 2＝1上存在点N ，使得∠OMN ＝45°，则x 0的取值范围是________． 三．解答题：解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤． 17．（本小题满分12分）已知数列{a n }满足a 1＝1，a n ＋1＝3a n ＋1．（Ⅰ）证明{a n ＋21}是等比数列，并求{a n }的通项公式； （Ⅱ）证明：11a ＋21a ＋…＋na 1＜23．18．（本小题满分12分）如图，四棱锥P －ABCD 中，底面ABCD 为矩形， P A ⊥平面ABCD ，E 为PD 的中点． （Ⅰ）证明：PB ∥平面AEC ；（Ⅱ）设二面角D －AE －C 为60°，AP ＝1，AD ＝3，求三棱锥E －ACD 的体积．19．（本小题满分12分）某地区2007年至2013年农村居民家庭纯收入y （单位：千元）的数据如下表：PEDCBA（Ⅰ）求y 关于t 的线性回归方程；（Ⅱ）利用（Ⅰ）中的回归方程，分析2007年至2013年该地区农村居民家庭人均纯收入的变化情况，并预测该地区2015年农村居民家庭人均纯收入．附：回归直线的斜率和截距的最小二乘法估计公式分别为：bˆ＝∑∑==---ni ini i it ty y t t121)())((，aˆ＝y －t b ˆ 20．（本小题满分12分）设F 1，F 2分别是椭圆C ：22ax ＋22b y ＝1（a ＞b ＞0）的左，右焦点，M 是C 上一点且MF 2与x 轴垂直，直线MF 1与C 的另一个交点为N ． （Ⅰ）若直线MN 的斜率为43，求C 的离心率； （Ⅱ）若直线MN 在y 轴上的截距为2，且│MN │＝5│F 1N │，求a ，b ．21．（本小题满分12分）已知函数f （x ）＝e x ―e ―x ―2x（Ⅰ）讨论f （x ）的单调性；（Ⅱ）设g （x ）＝f （2x ）－4b f （x ），当x ＞0，g （x ）＞0，求b 的最大值； （Ⅲ）已知1.4142＜2＜1.4143，估计ln2的近似值（精确到0.001）请考生在第22、23、24题中任选一题做答，如果多做，同按所做的第一题计分，做答时请写清题号． 22．（本小题满分10）选修4—1：几何证明选讲如图，P 是⊙O 外一点，P A 是切线，A 为切点，割线PBC 与⊙O 相交 于点B ，C ，PC ＝2P A ，D 为PC 的中点，AD 的延长线交⊙O 于点E ． 证明：（Ⅰ）BE ＝EC ；（Ⅱ）AD ²DE ＝2PB 223．（本小题满分10）选修4－4：坐标系与参数方程在直角坐标系xoy 中，以坐标原点为极点，x 轴为极轴建立极坐标系，半圆C 的极坐标方程为ρ＝2cos θ，θ∈［0，2π］．（Ⅰ）求C 的参数方程；（Ⅱ）设点D 在C 上，C 在D 处的切线与直线l ：y ＝3x ＋2垂直，E根据（Ⅰ）中你得到的参数方程，确定D 的坐标．24．（本小题满分10）选修4－5：不等式选讲设函数f （x ）＝│x ＋a1│＋│x －a │（a ＞0），（Ⅰ）证明：f （x ）≥2；（Ⅱ）若f （3）＜5， 求a 的取值范围．2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科（新课标卷Ⅱ）第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．【解读与点评】设集合M ＝{0，1，2}，N ＝{x │x 2－3x ＋2≤0}，则M ∩N ＝（ ） A ．{1} B ．{2} C ．{0，1} D ．{1，2}解法1 把M ＝{0，1，2}中的数，代入不等式x 2－3x ＋2≤0，经检验x ＝1，2满足不等式，故选D 解法2 N ＝{x │x 2－3x ＋2≤0}＝{x │1≤x ≤2}，集合M 中1，2满足，故选D 点评：⑴ 考查一元二次不等式的解法；⑵ 考查集合的运算．2．【解读与点评】设复数z 1，z 2在复平面内的对应点关于虚轴对称，z 1＝2＋i ，则z 1z 2＝（ ） A ．－5 B ．5 C ．－4＋i D ．－4－i 解 ∵ z 1＝2＋i ，z 1与z 2关于虚轴对称， ∴ z 2＝－2＋i ， ∴ z 1z 2＝－5 故选A 点评：⑴ 考查复数的几何意义；⑵ 考查复数代数形式的四则运算．3．【解读与点评】设向量a ，b 满足│a ＋b │＝10，│a －b │＝6，则a ²b ＝（ ） A ．1 B ．2 C ．3 D ．5 解法1 ∵ │a ＋b │＝10，│a －b │＝6，∴ a 2＋b 2＋2a ²b ＝10，a 2＋b 2－2a ²b ＝6，联立方程解得a ²b ＝1，故选A解法2 设a ＝（x 1，y 1），b ＝（x 2，y 2），│a ＋b │＝221221)()(y y x x +++＝10，│a －b │＝221221)()(y y x x -+-＝6即x 12＋x 22＋2x 1x 2＋y 12＋y 22＋2y 1y 2＝10，x 12＋x 22－2x 1x 2＋y 12＋y 22－2y 1y 2＝6， 两式相减得：x 1x 2＋y 1y 2＝a ²b ＝1 点评：⑴ 考查用坐标表示平面向量的加、减法； ⑵ 考查数量积的坐标表达式；⑶ 考查向量的模的运算。
4．【解读与点评】 钝角三角形ABC 的面积是21，AB ＝1，BC ＝2 ，则AC ＝（ ） A ．5 B ．5 C ．2 D ．1 解 ∵ S △ABC ＝21ac sin B ＝21²2²1²sin B ＝21 ∴ sin B ＝22 ∴ B ＝43π或4π（舍去，此时△ABC 为等腰直角三角形） ∴ B ＝43π，应用余弦定理解得AC ＝5 故选B 点评：⑴ 考查余弦定理、三角形面积公式； ⑵ 考查已知函数值求角。
5．【解读与点评】某地区空气质量监测资料表明，一天的空气质量为优良的概率是0.75，连续两天为优良的概率是0.6，已知某天的空气质量为优良，则随后一天的空气质量为优良的概率是（ ） A ．0.8 B ．0.75 C ．0.6 D ．0.45解 已知某天的空气质量为优良，设随后一天的空气质量也优良的概率是p ， 根据题意有0.6＝0.75p ，解得p ＝0.8， 故选A 点评：考查相互独立事件同时发生的概率的乘法公式。
6．【解读与点评】如图，网格纸上正方形小格的边长为1（表示1cm ），图中粗线画出的是某 零件的三视图，该零件由一个底面半径为3cm ，高为6cm 的圆柱体毛坯切 削得到，则切削掉部分的体积与原来毛坯体积的比值为（ ） A ．2717B ．95C ．2710D ．31解 ∵ 毛坯是底面半径为3，高为6的圆柱，体积V 1＝9π²6＝54π，加工后的零件，左半部为小圆柱，底面半径为2，高4，右半部为大圆柱， 底面半径为3，高2，体积V 2＝4π²4＋9π²2＝34π， ∴ 削掉部分的体积与原体积的比值＝πππ543454-＝2710， 故选C点评：⑴ 考查识别三视图所表示的立体模型； ⑵ 考查圆柱的体积公式。