ECE R118英文原文

合集下载

IEC608111译文

IEC608111译文

IEC 60811-1-1 第2.1版200107 电缆和光缆绝缘和护套材料通用试验方法第1-1部分通用试验方法—厚度和外形尺寸测量—机械性能试验60811-1-1IEC:1993A1:2001 I c c 目次1 范围................................................................................ 1 1.1 规范性引用文件..................................................................... 1 2 试验原则............................................................................ 1 3 适用范围............................................................................ 1 4 型式试验和其它试验.................................................................. 1 5 预处理.............................................................................. 1 6 试验温度............................................................................ 1 7 定义.. (2)7.1 (2)7.2 (2)7.3 (2)7.4 (2)7.5 .................................................................................... 2 8 厚度和外形尺寸的测量................................................................ 2 8.1 绝缘厚度的测量..................................................................... 2 8.2 非金属护套厚度测量................................................................. 3 8.3 外形尺寸测量....................................................................... 3 9 绝缘和护套材料机械性能测量方法...................................................... 4 9.1 绝缘材料........................................................................... 4 9.2 护套材料........................................................................... 7 附录A 资料性附录具有代表性的制备试样用设备的操作原理............................ 13 图1 绝缘和护套厚度测量圆形内表面.................................................. 8 图2 绝缘厚度测量扇形导体.......................................................... 8 图3 绝缘厚度测量绞合导体.......................................................... 9 图4 绝缘厚度测量绞合导体.......................................................... 9 图5 绝缘厚度测量不规整外表面...................................................... 9 图6 绝缘厚度测量扁平双芯无护套软线............................................... 10 图7 护套厚度测量不规整圆形内表面................................................. 10 图8 护套厚度测量非圆形内表面..................................................... 10 图9 护套厚度测量不规整外表面..................................................... 11 图10 护套厚度测量扁平带护套双芯软线.............................................. 11 图11 护套厚度测量多芯扁平电缆.................................................... 11 图12 哑铃试件........................................................................ 12 图13 小哑铃试件...................................................................... 12 图14 带凹槽的冲头一端................................................................ 12 图15 由带凹槽冲头冲切的试件.......................................................... 12 60811-1-1 IEC:1993A1:2001 1 c c 电缆和光缆绝缘和护套材料通用试验方法第1-1部分通用试验方法—厚度和外形尺寸测量—机械性能试验1 范围本国际标准IEC 60811-1规定了配电及通信用电缆和光缆包括船舶及近海用电缆和光缆的聚合物绝缘和护套材料的试验方法。

ECE R10 第四修订版 翻译稿

ECE R10 第四修订版  翻译稿
源天线电缆。 2.12. 抗扰度相关功能:
(a) 关于车辆直接控制的功能: (i) 发动机、传动装置、制动器、悬挂、主动转向系统、限速装置等设备的 降级或改变; (ii) 影响驾驶员的位置,如座位或方向盘定位; (iii) 影响驾驶员的视野,如近光灯、风挡雨刮。
(b) 关于驾驶员、乘客和其它道路使用者保护功能: (i) 安全气囊和安全约束系统。
1.2. 在条款3.2.1中限定的车辆上打算安装的零部件和独立技术单元的电磁兼容性
本法规包括:
(a) 车辆某些功能对辐射骚扰和传导骚扰的抗扰度要求,这些功能是关于车辆的 直接控制功能;关于驾驶员、乘客和其它道路使用者的保护功能;关于驾驶 员和其它道路使用者引起混乱的功能。
(b) 控制无用的辐射和传导发射以保护自己或邻近或附近的车辆上的电气或电子 设备的正常使用的要求。控制来自用于汽车改造的附加装备的骚扰的要求。
21德国2法国3意大利4荷兰5瑞典6比利时7匈牙利8捷克共和国9西班牙10南斯拉夫11英国12奥地利13卢森堡14瑞士15空缺16挪威17芬兰18丹麦19罗马尼亚20波兰21葡萄牙22俄罗斯23希腊24爱尔兰25克罗地亚26斯洛文尼亚27斯洛伐克28白俄罗斯29爱沙尼亚30空缺31波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维亚32拉脱维亚33空缺34保加利亚35空缺36立陶宛37土耳其38空缺39阿塞拜疆40前南斯拉夫马其顿共和国41空缺42欧共体由其各成员国使用各自的ece代号批准认证43日本44空缺45澳大利亚46乌克兰47南非48新西兰49塞浦路斯50马耳他51大韩民国52马来西亚53泰国54和55空缺56门的内哥罗57空缺58突尼斯
2. 定义
对于本法规而言:
2.1. “电磁兼容”:是车辆或零部件或独立技术单元在其电磁环境中能令人满意的工作, 又不对该环境中任何事物造成不能承受的电磁骚扰的能力。

ECE-R10-R3

ECE-R10-R3

CONTENTS
REGULATION
Page
1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................5
Annex 10: Method(s) of testing for immunity to and emission of transients of electrical/electronic sub-assemblies
E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Regulation No. 10 page 5
12. Transitional provisions ......................................................................................................22
13. Names and addresses of Technical Services conducting approval tests, and of Administrative Departments ..............................................................................................22
E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Regulation No. 10 page 4
} Add.9/Rev.3
ANNEXES
Annex 1: Examples of approval marks

新标准大学英语综合教程1(Unit1-Unit6课文翻译)

新标准大学英语综合教程1(Unit1-Unit6课文翻译)

新标准大学英语综合教程1(Unit1-Unit6课文翻译)UNIT1大一新生日记星期日从家里出发后,我们开车开了很长一段时间才到达我住的宿舍楼。

我进去登记。

宿舍管理员给了我一串钥匙,并告诉了我房间号。

我的房间在6楼,可电梯坏了。

等我们终于找到8号房的时候,妈妈已经涨红了脸,上气不接下气。

我打开门锁,我们都走了进去。

但爸爸马上就从里面钻了出来。

这个房间刚刚够一个人住,一家人都进去,肯定装不下。

我躺在床上,不动弹就可以碰到三面墙。

幸亏我哥哥和我的狗没一起来。

后来,爸爸妈妈就走了,只剩下我孤零零一个人。

周围只有书和一个箱子。

接下来我该做什么?星期一早上,有一个为一年级新生举办的咖啡早茶会。

我见到了我的导师,他个子高高的,肩膀厚实,好像打定了主意要逗人开心。

“你是从很远的地方来的吗?”他问我。

他边说话边晃悠脑袋,咖啡都洒到杯托里了。

“我家离爱丁堡不太远,开车大约6个小时,”我说。

星期二我觉得有点儿饿,这才意识到我已经两天没吃东西了。

我下楼去,得知一天三餐我可以在餐厅里吃。

我下到餐厅排进了长队。

“早餐吃什么?”我问前面的男生。

“不知道。

我来得太晚了,吃不上早餐了。

这是午餐。

”午餐是自助餐,今天的菜谱是鸡肉、米饭、土豆、沙拉、蔬菜、奶酪、酸奶和水果。

前面的男生每样儿都取一些放到托盘上,付了钱,坐下来吃。

我再也不觉得饿了。

星期三早上9点钟我要去听一个讲座。

我醒时已经8:45了。

竟然没有人叫我起床。

奇怪。

我穿好衣服,急匆匆地赶到大讲堂。

我在一个睡眼惺忪的女生旁边坐下。

她看了看我,问:“刚起床?”她是怎么看出来的?讲座进行了1个小时。

结束时我看了看笔记,我根本就看不懂自己写的字。

星期四今天是新生集会(社团招新活动)。

我和苏菲跑去看看我们能加入几个俱乐部。

我们俩都认为我们应该结交很多朋友,所以我报名参加了交谊舞俱乐部、人工智能协会、手铃俱乐部和极限运动俱乐部。

苏菲则报名参加了业余剧社和莫扎特合唱团。

我不知道我和苏菲还能不能继续做好朋友。

ECE汽车技术法规规范名称中英文对照表

ECE汽车技术法规规范名称中英文对照表

关于批准机动车及其挂车回复反射装置的统一规定
Uniform Provisions Concerning The Approval Of Retro-Reflecting Devices For Power-Driven Vehicles And
Their Trailers
关于批准机动车及其挂车后牌照板照明装置的统一 规定 关于批准发射欧洲不对称近光和/或远光的机动车 封闭式前照灯(SB)的统一规定
Systems And ISOFIX Top Tether Anchorages Uniform Provisions Concerning The Approval Of Vehicles
Equipped With A Positive-ignition Engine Or With A Compression-ignition Engine With Regard To The Emission of Gaseous Pollutants By The Engine-method Of Measuring
The Power Of Positive-ignition Engines-method Of Measuring The Fuel Consumption Of Vehicles
Uniform Provisions Concerning The Approval Of: I. Safety-Belts, Restraint Systems, Child Restraint Systems
Indicators For Power-Driven Vehicles And Their Trailers
关于批准机动车(除摩托车外)及其挂车前和后(侧) 位置灯、制动灯和示廓灯的统一规定

ECE R111

ECE R111

Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958. GE.01-20890
UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF TANK VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES N AND O WITH REGARD TO ROLLOVER STABILITY
__________
UNITED NATIONS
*/
Former title of the Agreement:
E/ECE/324 Rev.2/Add.110 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Regulation No. 110 page 5
2.4.
"Maximum mass" means the technically permissible maximum mass stated by the vehicle manufacturer (this mass may be higher than the "permissible maximum mass" laid down by the national administration); "The distribution of mass among the axles" means the proportion of the maximum permissible mass borne by each axle, as declared by the vehicle manufacturer; "Suspension trim height" means the distance between the wheel centre and a fixed point on the chassis as declared by the vehicle manufacturer. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to rollover stability shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer 4/ or by his duly accredited representative. It shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and the following particulars: a detailed description of the vehicle type with regard to the items specified in paragraph 2.2. above. The numbers and/or symbols identifying the vehicle type shall be specified; photographs and/or diagrams and drawings of the vehicle showing the vehicle type in front, side, and rear elevation; particulars of the vehicle's mass as defined by paragraph 2.4. above. A vehicle, representative of the vehicle type to be approved, shall be submitted to the Technical Service conducting the approval tests. APPROVAL If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets the requirements of paragraph 5 below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (currently 00 for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same approval number to another vehicle type.

欧洲车辆法规框架

欧洲车辆法规框架

4
EU和ECE的区别
欧盟汽车法规体系
5
欧盟汽车法规体系
欧盟e-Mark认证的特点,及其与联合国欧洲经济委员会E-mark认证的区别
6
EEC、EC、EU的关系——欧盟的发展历程
1958 EEC成立
成员国(12个): 法国、联邦德国、意大利、荷兰、比 利时、卢森堡、英国、丹麦、爱尔兰 、希腊、葡萄牙、西班牙
版本 3,草稿,日内瓦 《关于对轮式车辆、安装和/或用于轮式车辆的装备和部件采用联合国协调法规并相互承认基于 上述联合国法规批准的协定书》
14
《1958协议书》
1. 执行机构: 联合国世界车辆法规协调论坛(UN/WP29) 下设6个正式工作组:
➢ GRB: 噪音工作组 ➢ GRE: 灯光和光信号工作组 ➢ GRPE: 污染和能源工作组 ➢ GRRF: 制动和行驶工作组 ➢ GRSG: 一般安全规定工作组 ➢ GRSP:被动安全工作组
1994年以后开始以EC编号制定法规
欧洲共同体,简称“欧共体” European Community
1967 更名EC
1993 更名EU
成员国(28): 法国、德国、意大利、荷兰、比利时、 卢森堡、英国、丹麦、爱尔兰、希腊、 葡萄牙、西班牙、奥地利、瑞典、芬兰 、马耳他、塞浦路斯、波兰、匈牙利、 捷克、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、爱沙尼 亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、罗马尼亚、保 加利亚、克罗地亚
我国不是《1958协议书》的缔约国。
13
《1958协议书》-已更新到第3版
原始版本, 1958年3月20日,日内瓦
《关于对轮式车辆的装备和部件采用统一的批准条件并相互承认基于上述条件批准的协定书》
版本 2, 1995年10月5日,日内瓦 《关于对轮式车辆、安装和/或用于轮式车辆的装备和部件采用统一技术条件并相互承认基于上 述条件批准的协定书》

ECE标准6

ECE标准6

E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/5052003 28FebruaryAGREEMENTCONCERNING THE ADOPTION OF UNIFORM TECHNICAL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR WHEELED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND PARTS WHICH CAN BE FITTED AND/OR BE USED ON WHEELED VEHICLES AND THE CONDITIONS FOR RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF APPROVALS GRANTED ON THE BASIS OFTHESE PRESCRIPTIONS ∗/(Revision 2, including the amendments which entered into force on 16 October 1995)_________Addendum 35: Regulation No. 36Revision 2 - Amendment 1Incorporating:Supplement 7 to the 03 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 7 December 2002 Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 7 to the 03 series of amendments subject of Depositary Notification C.N.31.2003.TREATIES-1 dated 17 January 2003UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF LARGE PASSENGER VEHICLES WITH REGARD TO THEIR GENERAL CONSTRUCTION_________UNITED NATIONS∗/ Former title of the Agreement:Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958.E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/505Regulation No. 36page 2Paragraph 2.1., amend to read:"2.1. "Vehicle", means a single deck vehicle designed and equipped for the transport of more than 22 passengers. There are three Classes of vehicles. A vehicle may beregarded as belonging in more than one class. In such a case it may be approvedfor each class to which it corresponds;"Insert a new paragraph 2.1.4., to read:"2.1.4. "Trolleybus", means a vehicle of Classes I, II, or III, electrically driven by energy from external wires."Paragraph 2.1.4. (former), renumber as paragraph 2.1.5., and amend to read:vehicle" means ....""2.1.5. "ArticulatedParagraph 2.1.5. (former), renumber as paragraph 2.1.6.Paragraph 5.2.1.4., amend to read:".... sections of an articulated vehicle to which ...."Paragraph 5.5.4.5., amend to read:"...... to the road surface, but never on any exhaust system or any high voltageelectrical equipment."Insert a new paragraph 5.5.5.3.4., to read:"5.5.5.3.4. retrieving of trolley poles.”Paragraph 5.5.6.3., amend to read:"............ does not exceed 16 A. In the case where electronics are incorporated,these circuits may be protected by protection devices integrated into the electroniccomponents or systems. In such a case, the manufacturer shall give all the relevanttechnical information at the request of the technical service responsible forconducting the tests." ∗/∗/ Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 7 to the 03 series of amendments.E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/505Regulation No. 36page 3Paragraph 5.5.9., amend to read:"....... permitted within 10 cm of any exhaust system component, any high voltageelectrical equipment or any other significant source of heat of a vehicle unless thematerial is effectively shielded. For the purpose of this paragraph, a flammablematerial is considered to be one which is not designed to withstand the temperaturelikely to be encountered in that location. Where necessary, shielding shall beprovided to prevent grease or other flammable materials coming into contact withany exhaust system, any high voltage electrical equipment or any other significantsource of heat."Paragraph 5.6.1.2., amend to read:"......... rigid section of an articulated vehicle shall be .... articulated vehicle ofClass I."Paragraph 5.6.1.6., amend to read:"......... section of an articulated vehicle shall be treated as a separate vehicle ..." Paragraph 5.6.1.9., amend to read:"...... in the case of Class I vehicles. There should not be any escape hatches fittedin the roof of any trolleybus. The minimum number of hatches shall be:" Paragraph 5.9., amend to read:"5.9. Articulated section of articulated vehicles"Paragraph 5.9.2., amend to read:"5.9.2. When the articulated vehicle at its unladen kerb mass ... "Paragraph 5.9.4., amend to read:"5.9.4. On articulated vehicles, handrails and/or ...."Paragraph 5.10.3., amend to read:"..... (see annex 4, figure B) in the case of an articulated vehicle."Paragraph 5.11., amend to read:"5.11. Direction holding of articulated vehicles"E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/505Regulation No. 36page 4Insert a new paragraph 5.16., to read:"5.16. Trolleybuses shall comply with the prescriptions of annex 8."Insert a new annex 8, to read:"Annex 8SAFETY PRESCRIPTIONS FOR TROLLEYBUSES1. DEFINITIONSFor the purpose of this annex:1.1. Contact system voltageTrolleybuses can be supplied with contact system voltage of rated value of:- 600 V (a working range of 400 to 720 V);- 750 V (a working range of 500 to 900 V).1.2. Electrical circuits of trolleybusvoltagecircuits" means circuits supplied with contact system"high(i)voltage;voltage" circuits means circuits supplied with accumulator"low(ii)battery voltage and with a charger outlet of nominal 24 V voltage.circuits" means circuits supplied with a secondphase"three(iii)converter outlet of three phase voltage not exceeding 400 V AC.1.3. Rated climatic conditionsTrolleybuses are intended to provide reliable transit service in the environmentalconditions with:(a) a temperature range of minus 40 °С to plus 40 °С;(b) an relative humidity of 98 per cent at temperature of 25 °С andlower;E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/505Regulation No. 36page 5(c) an atmospheric pressure of 866 to 1,066 kPa;(d) altitude from sea level 1,000 m maximumextinguishingmaterial" means a material which does not continue to burn 1.4. "Selfwhen the ignition source is removed.COLLECTION2. POWER2.1. Electrical power from overhead wires is leaded to trolleybus with power collectors.The power collector is comprised of a pole, a trolley electric current collector and areplaceable collector insertion. Power collectors are hinged to trolleybuses, andturning in horizontal and vertical directions.2.2. Poles shall be made of insulated material or metal covered with insulating materialresistant to mechanical shocks.2.3. Power collectors shall be designed to maintain adequate positive contact with theoverhead trolley electric supply wires when the wires are located at 4 to 6 metresabove the ground and trolleybus axis to axis deviation distance of at least4.0 meters to each side with respect to the axis of the overhead wires.2.4. In case the pole unwires, trolley electric current collector(s) shall not be raisedhigher than 7.2metres above the road, or 1 meter maximum above electricalsupplied lines at the time of de-wiring, and shall not be declined lower than0.5 metres above the roof of the trolleybus.2.5. Each power collector shall be equipped with a device pulling the poleautomatically down if the pole unwires.2.6. The trolley electric current collector, if wrenched out of the pole, shall be keptconnected to the pole and should not fall down.2.7. Insulation resistance of the electric current collector to trolley bases shall be at least10 МΩ:2.8. Power collectors may be equipped with remote control from the driver’scompartment at least for unwiring.2.9. Certain arrangements at the trolleybus shall provide an opportunity for the driver toreplace, if necessary, power collector inserts in transit service conditions.E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/505Regulation No. 36page 63. TRACTION AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT3.1. Electrical components installed on the trolleybus shall be protected against over-voltage and short-circuit current. The protection shall preferably be assured bycurrent-breaking apparatus that are reset automatically, remotely or manually.3.2. Electrical components shall be protected against commutation or atmospheric over-voltage.3.3. Current-breaking apparatus shall provide interruption of particular damagedcircuits.3.4. If any circuit includes single current-breaking apparatus, it shall be installed in thepositive wire of the circuit.3.5. All electrical circuits and circuit branches shall be of dual wiring. The trolleybusbody can be used for current return grounds only for low voltage electrical circuits.3.6. Battery cases, accumulator covers and battery compartment trays shall be made ofnon-flammable or self extinguishing materials.3.7. Electrical components energized by the trolley line voltage shall have additionalinsulation from the body and transmission.3.8. Electrical components with exemption of traction resistors shall be protectedagainst penetration of moisture and dust inside the body and on insulated andcurrent conducting parts.3.9. At rated climate conditions for dry and clean trolleybus insulation resistance ofelectrical circuits when all rotating machines and apparatus are switched on shallnot be less than:(i) body to high voltage electrical circuits 5 MΩ(ii) high voltage electrical circuits to low electrical circuits 5 MΩ(iii) body to positive pole of low voltage electrical circuits 1 MΩ3.10. Wiring, cabling and apparatus3.10.1. Only multi-line wires shall be used for high voltage circuits. All high voltage DCwiring shall have insulation rated for 3,000 V DC or AC.3.10.2. Mounted wiring and cabling should not be stressed mechanically.E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/505Regulation No. 36page 73.10.3. Wiring insulation shall not propagate burning.3.10.4. Wiring of different voltages shall be mounted separately.3.10.5. Cabling conduits shall be made of non-flammable material.3.10.6. Cabling tubes located under the floor shall exclude propagation of water and dust.3.10.7. Cabling and wiring located under the trolleybus shall be inserted into conduitprotecting against water and dust.3.10.8. Fastening and arrangement of wiring and cables shall exclude damage (fraying) ofinsulation.Grommets of elastomeric material shall be provided at points where wiringpenetrates metal structure to exclude insulation damage.Radius of bound tubes containing wiring shall be five external diameters of thetube minimum.3.10.9. Location of wiring in apparatus breaking off electrical current shall excludeskipping the electrical arch onto the wiring.3.10.10. Precautions shall be taken to avoid damage of wiring and cables from heatedresistors and other electrical components. In critical areas thermo-resistant wires orcables shall be used.3.10.11. Wiring holders, connectors and other devices for mounting shall be made of non-flammable or self-extinguishing materials. Electrical components of the hardlyflammable materials may be installed outside passenger compartment only.U test for electrical equipment, wiring and cabling for high voltage 3.10.12. Testvoltagecircuits shall be of value of:U test = 2.5 U + 2,000 V AC,where U - rated voltage of the contact systemTest voltage for low voltage equipment U test = 750 V AC.The test voltage at frequency of 50 Hz shall be approximately sinusoidal form. Thetime of application of the test voltage is fixed at 1 min.E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/505Regulation No. 36page 83.11. Electrical machines, apparatus, devices, wiring and cables shall withstandmechanical affects, applied to fixations, as follows:(i) sine-wave form vibration of 0.5 - 55 Hz frequency and 10 m/s2 maximumamplitude including resonance if produced;(ii) discrete shocks of 30 m/s2 peak shock accelerationlasting 2 - 20 ms in vertical direction.4. ELECTRICAL SAFETY OF PASSENGERS AND SERVICE PERSONEL4.1. At rated climate conditions for dry and clean trolleybus connected with both powercollectors to wire of positive polarity and negative polarity of the contact system to"the ground" leakage current from the body shall not be higher than 0.2 mA(Grounded contact system).4.2. Trolleybus must be equipped with onboard device for permanent monitoring ofleakage current or voltage between chassis and the road surface. The device shalldisconnect the high voltage circuits from the contact system in case of leakagecurrent exceeding 3 mA at a voltage of 600 V DC, or the voltage of more than40 V.4.3. Stanchions at doorway shall be made of insulated material or plated withmechanically durable insulation or insulated from the trolleybus body. Insulationresistance shall at least be 1.0 MΩ on a contact square of 100 ± 5 cm2.4.4. The first steps shall be made of insulated material or plated with mechanicallydurable insulation. Insulation resistance shall at least be 1.0 MΩ at a square ofcontact of 300 ± 5 cm2.4.5. Door panels shall be made of insulated material or insulated from the trolleybusbody. Insulation resistance shall be 1.0 MΩ at least at a contact square on the panelof 300 ± 5 cm2.4.6. Sidewall area adjacent to the door apertures shall be plated with insulation. Theinsulated area shall extend at least 50 cm wide each side of the door apertures andat least 200 cm high from the roadway. Insulation resistance in respect to thetrolleybus body shall not be less than 1.0 MΩ at a square of contact of 200 ± 5 cm2.4.7. If the trolleybus is equipped with double insulated converters, paragraphs 4.3 to 4.6need not be applied.E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.35/Rev.2/Amend.1E/ECE/TRANS/505Regulation No. 36page 95. THE DRIVER’S COMPARTMENT5.1. In the driver’s compartment there should not be high voltage equipment accessiblefor the driver.5.2. As a minimum, the instrument panel shall consist of:(a) indicator of voltage in the contact system;(b) indicator of zero voltage in the contact system;(c) indicator of main automatic switch of contact system voltage state;(d) indicator of charge/discharge of the batteries;(e) indicator of dangerous potential on the body or leakage current exceedingpermissible value.”____________。

ECE R100 第1版

ECE R100 第1版

25
6 Essential characteristics of road vehicles or systems .........................................................................
26
7 Determination of hydrogen emissions during the charge procedures of the traction battery............
of administrative departments.............................................................................................................
13
11. Transitional provisions........................................................................................................................
11
7. Conformity of production ...................................................................................................................
12
8. Penalties for non-conformity of production .......................................................................................

ECE汽车技术中文标准法规目录

ECE汽车技术中文标准法规目录

中国合格评定国家认可委员会文件
认可委(秘) (2010) 63号
关于规范汽车检测领域实验室
对ECE汽车技术法规/EC汽车技术指令中文名称
表述的通知
各有关实验室:
目前在CNAS认可汽车检测领域的实验室中,依据的部分标准涉及到欧洲经济委员会汽车技术法规(简称“ECE汽车技术法规”)和欧州联盟汽车产品技术指令(简称“EC汽车技术指令”),各实验室对其名称翻译差别较大,以致造成获得认可的相关标准的中文名称混乱。

为此,CNAS机械技术委员会组织有关专家对相关ECE汽车技术法规和EC汽车技术指令依据目前最新版本进行翻译,规范相关标准的中文名称。

为方便实验室正确使用,还将EC汽车技术指令修改单与基础指令的对应关系及相应的中文简称列入表中。

现将ECE汽车技术法规目录中英文对照(详见附件1)和EC
汽车技术指令目录中英文对照(详见附件2)予以公布实施。

对已认可相关标准的实验室应向CNAS秘书处申请标准变更、标准中文法规名称的更正申请,经CNAS确认后使用。

对申请实验室认可涉及到ECE汽车技术法规和EC汽车技术指令的,以公布的相关标准中文法规名称为准提出申请。

附件:1.ECE汽车技术法规目录中英文对照
2.EC汽车技术指令目录中英文对照
二○一○年五月十日
主题词:规范标准中文名称通知
抄送:本秘书处:存档(2)。

中国合格评定国家认可委员会2010年5月10日印发录入:田珊珊校对:吉黎明
附件1:
E C E汽车技术法规目录中英文对照
2
3
5
6
7
8
附件2:
E C汽车技术指令目录中英文对照
29。

最新汽车专业英语原文及翻译

最新汽车专业英语原文及翻译

obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. 发动机作为动力设备,常见的类型是内燃机,其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产 生能量。发动机可分为两类:汽油机(点燃式)和柴油机(压燃式),都属于热力发动机。 燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气体气压上升,从而产生能量,驱动与动力传动系相连接的轴旋转。 The way engine cylinders are arranged is called engine configuration. In-line engines have the cylinders in a line. This design creates a simply cast engine block. In vehicle applications, the number of cylinders is normally from 2 up to 6. Usually, the cylinders are vertical. As the number of the cylinders increase, the length of the block and crankshaft can become a problem. One way to avoid this is with a V configuration. This design makes the engines block and crankshaft shorter and more rigid. 发动机的布置即发动机气缸的排列方式。 发动机缸体按直线排列的即直列式,这种布置使 得发动机缸体结构简单。汽车发动机一般为 2~6 缸,通常气缸是垂直放置的,但气缸数量的 增加会导致缸体和曲轴的长度过大,解决问题的措施之一就是采用 V 型布置,这种布置方 式可以使发动机缸体和曲轴长度尺寸更短,从而大大增加刚度。 An engine located at the front can be mounted longitudinally and can drive either the front or the rear wheels. Rear engine vehicles have the engine mounted behind the rear wheels. The engine can be transverse or longitudinal and usually drives the rear wheels only. 前置发动机可以纵向布置,能够驱动前轮或后轮。后置发动机布置在后轮后侧,发动机即可 纵向布置又可横向布置,一般只能驱动后轮。 1.3 chassis 底盘 the chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle.the chassis includes the power train,steering,suspension,and braking systems. 底盘由汽车的主要操作系统组装而成。包括传动系、行驶系、转向系和制动系四部分。 1)Powertrain system conveys the drive to the wheels.传动系-将驱动力传递到车轮。 2)Steering system controls the direction of movement.转向系-控制汽车的行驶方向。 3)Suspension and wheels absorbs the road shocks.悬挂系-吸收路面震动 4)Brake slows down the vehicle.制动系-使汽车减速缓行。 1.3.1 power train system 动力传动系统 The power train transfers turning effort from the engine to the driving wheels.a power train ca n include a clutch manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmission, a dr ive shaft, final drive and differential gears and driving axles. Alternatively,a transaxle may be use d. A transaxle is a self-contained unit with a transmission, final drive gears and differential locate d in one casing. 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器(对应机械变速器)或液力变 矩器(对应液力自动变速器)、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。另外有些传 动系采用由变速器、主减速器和差速器组成的一体式的变速驱动桥。(或者采用一个独立的 变速驱动桥,即变速器……在同一个箱体内。) A vehicle with a manual transmission uses a clutch to engage and disengage the engine from the power train. Engine torque is transmitted through the clutch to the transmission or transaxle.the transmission contains sets of gears that increase or decrease the torque before it is transmitted

ecer118测试标准

ecer118测试标准

ecer118测试标准
关于您提到的“ecer118测试标准”,ECER118是欧洲汽车制造
商协会(European Automobile Manufacturers' Association)制
定的关于车辆内饰材料的阻燃性能的测试标准。

该标准旨在确保车
辆内部材料在火灾发生时具有一定的阻燃性能,以提高车辆乘员的
安全性。

ECER118测试标准涵盖了材料的燃烧性能、烟雾产生、毒
性气体排放等方面的要求,以确保车辆内部材料在火灾情况下不会
加剧火势或产生有害气体,从而保护乘员的生命安全。

该标准在欧
洲地区被广泛采纳,并且也受到其他地区汽车制造商的关注和应用。

值得注意的是,ECER118标准是针对车辆内饰材料的阻燃性能进行
测试的,而非针对整车的安全性能。

因此,在购买车辆时,除了关
注内饰材料是否符合ECER118标准外,还需要考虑整车的整体安全
性能。

ece r148标准中文译本

ece r148标准中文译本

ECE R148标准中文译本1. 简介ECE R148是联合国经济与社会理事会(ECE)颁布的一项关于电动汽车和混合动力车辆的国际标准。

该标准包括了有关电动汽车和混合动力车辆的安全性能、泄漏、电器和电磁兼容性、道路驾驶、紧急撞车解除等内容。

ECE R148标准是为了推动全球电动车发展和规范化,以确保电动汽车和混合动力车辆在各国之间具有相互认可性和相容性而制定的。

2. 标准内容ECE R148标准的中文译本包括了以下主要内容:2.1 安全性能:该部分规定了电动汽车和混合动力车辆在设计、制造和销售过程中的安全性能要求,包括车身结构、侧面撞击保护、正面碰撞保护等内容,以保障车辆在发生事故时能够最大程度地减少人员伤亡和财产损失。

2.2 泄漏:该部分涵盖了车辆在工作状态下可能产生的液态和气态泄漏情况,要求车辆在运行过程中不会对环境和人员造成危害。

2.3 电器和电磁兼容性:这一部分规定了电动汽车和混合动力车辆的电气系统和电磁兼容性应满足的要求,以确保车辆在工作过程中不会对其他设备和系统产生干扰。

2.4 道路驾驶:该部分包括了车辆的操控性能、行驶稳定性和动力系统的要求,以保证车辆在道路上的行驶安全。

2.5 紧急撞车解除:这一部分规定了车辆在发生紧急碰撞时的应对措施,包括碰撞响应系统和应急刹车系统的要求,以最大限度地减少事故带来的损失。

3. 意义和影响ECE R148标准的中文译本的发布对于我国电动汽车和混合动力车辆市场具有重要意义。

该标准的落实可以提升我国电动汽车和混合动力车辆的安全性能和质量水平,增强用户对电动汽车和混合动力车辆的信心。

该标准的发布可以推动我国电动汽车和混合动力车辆的国际化进程,使我国生产的电动汽车和混合动力车辆在国际市场上获得更多认可和市场份额。

该标准的引入可以促进我国电动汽车和混合动力车辆产业的规范化和标准化,推动整个产业的健康发展。

4. 总结ECE R148标准的中文译本的发布对于我国电动汽车和混合动力车辆产业具有重要意义,将推动产业的发展和规范化。

ECE R48 INSTALLATION OF LIGHTS

ECE R48 INSTALLATION OF LIGHTS

ECE R48 INSTALLATION OF LIGHTS (2005/12/07) 02-S11ECE 增/修內容原ECE修訂內容增/修內容對應國內法規條文5.17. Any lamp may be installed on movable components provided that the conditions specified in paragraphs 5.18., 5.19. and 5.20. are fulfilled. 5.17. Except as provided by paragraphs 5.18.,5.19. and 5.21., lamps may be installed onmovable components.任何的燈具可裝設於可動件上,其需符合5.18、5.19及5.20無5.18. Rear position lamps, reardirection-indicators and rear retro-reflectors, triangular as well as non triangular, may be installed on movable components only: 5.18. Rear position lamps, reardirection-indicators and rear retro- reflectors,triangular as well as non triangular, must notbe installed on movable components unless atall fixed positions of the movablecomponents the lamps on the movablecomponents meet all the position, geometricvisibility and photometric requirements forthose lamps. Should the above functions beobtained by an assembly of two lampsmarked "D" (see paragraph 2.16.1.) only oneof these lamps needs to meet theabove-mentioned requirements.下列情況下,後位置燈、後方向燈和後反光標誌(三角形與非三角形),可裝於可動件。

新概念英语教师用书第1册第118课:当他到达时你正在做什么?

新概念英语教师用书第1册第118课:当他到达时你正在做什么?

T: What were you doing when he arrived? I was having a bath.S: I was having a bath when he arrived.T: What was Mary doing when the telephone rang? She was washing the dishes.S: She was washing the dishes when the telephone rang.T: What was your mother doing when the postman came? She was making the beds.S: She was making the beds when the postman came.T: Now you do the same. Ready?T: What were you doing when he arrived? I was having a bath.S: I was having a bath when he arrived.T: What was Mary doing when the telephone rang? She was washing the dishes.S: She was washing the dishes when the telephone rang.T: What was your mother doing when the postman came? She was making the beds.S: She was making the beds when the postman came.T: What were you doing when it happened? I was telephoning my sister.S: I was telephoning my sister when it happened.T: What were the children doing when the milk boiled over? They were readingS: They were reading when the milk boiled over.T: What were you doing when the baby broke that cup? I was making tea.S: I was making tea when the baby broke that cup.T: What were you doing when your mother came into the room? I was listening to the stereo. S: I was listening to the stereo when my mother came into the room.T: What was your father doing when he heard the news? He was working in the garden. S: He was working in the garden when he heard the news.T: what was your sister doing when George knocked the door? She was cleaning her shoes. S: She was cleaning her shoes when George knocked at the door.T: What was your son doing when his friends arrived? He was doing his homework.S: He was doing his homework when his friends arrived.。

ES100118

ES100118

ES100118ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION – ES100118Subject: Restricted Substance Requirements Specification Number: ES100118 Revised by: Dan Fitzgerald Revision Number: 10 Author: Dan Fitzgerald Release Date: 10JAN15 Approved by: Ted Gogoll New Issued CN: CN0033546 Page: 1 of 15Superseded EC: CN0030626 Warning: Printouts are not official documents. Consult the On-Line Document for the most up-to-date information. This Document Is The Property Of Black & Decker. The Contents Of This Document Are Confidential And Constitute Trade Secrets Proprietary To Black & Decker. Neither This Document Nor Its Contents Shall Be Disclosed To Any Unauthorized Person, Copied Or Published Without Black &D ecker’s Prior Written Consent.1.0 PurposeThis specification outlines the restricted substance requirements for complying with Black & Decker’s environmental policy.2.0 ScopeThis specification applies to Black & Decker’s World Wide Power Tools and Accessories (WWPTA) division. This specification will be reviewed and amended at varying time intervals based on legislation and scientific research.3.0 DefinitionsAccessories - items providing an interface between the electrical tool or appliance and the work piece e.g. abrasive discs, drill bits, chisels.Banned Substances – substances that are not allowed for use at any concentration.Battery/Accumulator - any source of electrical energy generated by direct conversion of chemical energy and consisting of one or more primary battery cells (nonrechargeable) or consisting of one or more secondary battery cells (rechargeable).Battery Pack - means any set of batteries/accumulators that are connected together and/orencapsulated within an outer casing so as to form a complete unit that the end user is not intended to split up or open.Button Cell - any small round portable battery or accumulator whose diameter is greater than its height and is used for special purposes such as hearing aids, watches, small portable equipment and back-up power.Controlled Substances –substances that are limited for use below specific concentrationthresholds.Exception – an allowance provided by Black & Decker to use a substance that does not meet the requirements of this specification. The specific terms of the exception with respect to application and timing will vary on a case by case basis. The exception policy can be found in Section 9.0.Exemption – an allowance provided by legislation to use a substance that does not meet therequirements of this specification. Exemptions are typically application specific and subject tochange as the legislation evolves.Hardwood Plywood - means a panel composed of an assembly of (A) hardwood layers or plies of veneer or (B) veneers in combination with a platform consisting of lumber core, composite core, a special core material, or special back material,joined with an adhesive. The face veneer may be composed of a hardwood or decorative softwood species (ANSI/HPVA HP-1-2004). “Hardwoodplywoo d” includes wall paneling, industrial panels, and “hardwood plywood” panels used in making flooring. “Hardwood plywood” does not include laminated products, military specified plywood, or curved plywood.Homogeneous Material - a material that cannot be mechanically disjointed into different materials. The term ‘homogeneous’ is understood as "of uniform composition throughout", so examples of "homogeneous materials" would be individual types of plastics, ceramics, glass, metals, alloys, paper, board, resins and coatings. The term “mechanically disjointed” means that the materials can be, in principle, separated by mechanical actions such as unscrewing, cutting, crushing, grinding and abrasive processes. (excerpt from RoHS Regulations Government Guidance Notes)Material –Are items used to construct parts. Materials consists of one or more substances.Medium density fiberboard (MDF) - a panel composed of cellulosic fibers (usually wood) made by dry forming and pressing of a resinated fiber mat (ANSI A208.2-2002).Packaging – materials that provide containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of Black & Decker products. There are two types of packaging that have different requirements:Integral Packaging - forming an integral part of a product to contain, support or preserve the product throughout its lifetime and where all elements (product and packaging) are intended to be used, consumed or disposed of together by the consumer e.g.Kit box.Non-Integral Packaging – packaging that is intended to be discarded after removing the product.Part – Any item or assembly that is incorporated into Black & Decker products. A part can consist of one or more materials.Particleboard - a panel composed of cellulosic material (usually wood) in the form of discrete particles (as distinguished from fibers, flakes, or strands) that are pressed together with resin (ANSI A208.1-1999).Portable Battery/Accumulator - means any battery/accumulator, button cell, or battery pack that is sealed, can be hand carried and is not for industrial or automotive purposes.PPM –Abbreviation for Parts per Million. A dimensionless quantity used to express the concentration of substances.Reportable Substances –substances that are not currently banned or controlled for use but a ban or voluntary phase-out is likely. The quantity of the substance must be reported to Black & Decker if it exceeds the permissible threshold.Sourced Product – A finished product that is manufactured by a supplier and purchased by Black & Decker.Substance- A “Substance” is a chemical element, compound, or polymer and has a CAS number.Surface Coatings - forming materials plus pigments, solvents, and other additives, which, when applied to a surface and cured or dried, yields a thin film that is functional and often decorative. Surface coatings include paints, drying oils and varnishes, synthetic clear coatings, and other products whose primary function is to protect the surface of an object from the environment. (excerpt from Encyclopedia Britannica)Thin Medium Density Fiberboard - means medium density fiberboard that has a maximum thickness of eight millimeters.4.0 Black & Decker ResponsibilitiesIt is the responsibility of Black & Decker to:Ensure that the note “All materials must comply with ES100118” is p resent on all engineering drawings.Ensure that all materials specified for designs comply with this specification.Inform the supplier when non-compliance is discovered.Inform the supplier when the contents of this specification have changed.5.0 Supplie r’s ResponsibilitiesIt is the responsibility of the supplier to:Comply with the Restricted Substance Requirements listed in Section 6.0 on everything (existing items, future items, and all markets) sold to Black & Decker unless an exception has been granted. The exception policy can be found in Section 9.0.Assume the worst case concentration of a particular substance if more than one bill of material or production operation exists.Cascade the requirements of this specification to their sub-tier suppliers.Respond to non-compliances discovered during surveillance testing in a timely fashion. See Section 7.0.Provide raw material certification documentation when requested. See Section 8.0.Complete ES100118 – Form Rev. 0 which is a declaration to this specification. Completion and submission of the declaration to Black & Decker constitutes a testament that all the information is accurate and complete. This declaration must be signed by aperson who is authorized to sign on behalf of the supplier.Report any change to the material content of an approved part, sourced product, accessory or packaging that would affect the accuracy of the aforementioned declaration.7.0 Supplier/Sourcing Response Requirements for Surveillance TestingBlack & Decker performs internal audits to verify that materials used comply with thisspecification. If a material does not pass Black & Decker’s internal audit, it will receive one ofthe four comments below in the test report which may require supplier action.1) “Failure” - B&D requires a Corrective Action from the supplierB&D analytical testing detected restricted substance in materialSupplier responsible to explain presence of restricted substance and submit CorrectiveAction with implementation plan/datesB&D inventory needs to be audited/segregated based on compliant/non-compliantmaterials2) "Potential Failures" - primarily due to Bromine contentBromine is not restricted substance, PBB/PBDE substances are restrictedSupplier must submit specific resin material information (Manufacturer, Trade Name,Grade and Color) with ROHS compliance letter from resin manufacturer - NOT partsupplierMaterials engineering will determine if outside labs/test results via GC/MS are required3) “Exemptions”Cadmium plating on electrical connectors are exempt until there is a viable alternativePart will be listed as an “exemption” on surveillance report,no supplier action required4) “Additional Samples Required”B&D requires minimum sample size of 10g for Hexavalent Chromium testing. Supplier willneed to provide 10g of the part in question.Note: Samples will be tested using the hot water extraction method. Hexavalent Chromiumwill be reported as "Detected" or "Not Detected", where the detection limit of the UV unitusing a diphenylcarbazide reagent is 0.25 ppm in 10 ml of extraction solution. Any obviouscolor change (red/purple) will be an indication of the presence of Hexavalent Chromium andwill be reported as “Detected”. Any sample where hexavalent chromium is “Detected” isconsidered a failure.All sourced products suppliers need to provide the following Bill of Material information in orderfor Black & Decker to perform audit testing:Part numbersPart descriptionsMaterials and coatingsExploded diagrams referencing Bill of Material part numbers If a sourced product supplier declines to provide this information, they must submit their product to a third party laboratory and send the passing test results to Black & Decker.8.0 Raw Material Certification RequirementsRaw material certifications are required from all suppliers that provide Black & Decker with high risk parts.High risk parts are defined as:Painted parts – material certification for Paint onlyZinc Plated parts –material certification for Chromate Conversion coating – Hexavalent or TrivalentPlastic partsElectrical parts –material certification for solder, terminal finishes, wire sheathing, switches and relaysCordsets - material declaration for non-metallic parts only –sheathing, plugLead wires – material declaration for non-metallic parts only – sheathingRubber partsZinc castings – material declaration for Chromate Conversion coating only – Hexavalent or TrivalentExamples of high risk materials/parts are listed below:PVC (cadmium and lead as stabilizer and colorant)Plastic parts (PBDE and PBB as flame retardant)Red/orange/yellow plastics (cadmium, lead and chromium VI as lead Chromate; as colorant) ?Plated metal enclosures, fasteners, clips, and screws (Hexavalent Chromium as chromate finish)Populated printed-wiring-boards (PWBs) and their parts (lead as solder and terminal finish)Switches, relays (mercury as component of switch/relay)Lead solder used inside componentsPaint (cadmium and lead)Zinc castings (Hexavalent Chromium as chromate finish)The raw material certification should come from the raw material supplier during the first part inspection.The raw material certification does not need to be sent with every shipment, but should always beavailable. A third party testboard certification is NOT required. An example of appropriate raw material certifications can be found in Appendix C. The material certification should at least contain the following fields:The ManufacturerThe Trade NameThe GradeThe ColorThe Lot NumberDate Manufactured9.0 Exception PolicyFor any material that does not meet all of the requirements of this specification, an application for exception may be made to the Restricted Materials Committee by providing the following information to your Black & Decker sourcing representative.a) Supplier detailsb) Part number and descriptionc) Report from an independent recognized lab or Black & Decker lab identifying the level ofrestricted substanced) Details of where the substance is found and what properties or function it provides.e) Details of alternative materials available including any impacts arising from its use, differentprocesses, reduced performance, durability etc.The committee will review the request and respond by either granting the exception or denying the exception and providing recommendations for compliance.10.0 Revision HistoryRevision Date Released Changes Made0 October 6th, 2005 Initial release of specification. Included ban on Polychlorinatedbiphenyls, Asbestos and O-zone depleting substances and a restrictionon use of RoHS substances.1 January 6th, 2006 Added 600 ppm requirement for lead in surface coatings. Also requiredall engineering drawings to contain the note “All materials must complywith ES100118.”2 August 22th, 2006 Added restrictions on Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)3 October 10th, 2006 Clarified the scope to include sourced products. Updated limit values onPAHs.4 March 7th, 2007 Clarified restrictions on hexavalent chromium in chromate conversioncoatings. Updated limit values on PAHs. Included details on how asupplier needs to respond to Black & Decker audit results.5 July 31st, 2007 Added requirement that components for every market need to meetRoHS by January 1st, 2008. Added raw material certification requirements.6 January 31st, 2008 Added packaging and accessory requirements. Added Exemption policy.7 May 1st, 2008 Added Perfluorooctane Sulfonates restriction. Clarified packaging andaccessory requirements.8 August 31st, 2009 Updated scope. Added definitions, Black& Decker responsibilities andsupplier responsibilities section. Listed restricted substances in a chartrather than paragraphs. Added mercury and cadmium requirements forbatteries, Dimethlyfumarate requirements, formaldehyde requirementsand initial list of REACH Substances of Very High Concern. Addedadditional information requirements for sourced product suppliers.Clarified that the substance requirements in ES100118 apply globally.9 December 9th,200910 January 15, 2010 Added 2nd list of REACH substances of Very High Concern.Appendix A – Key Brominated Flame RetardantsPolybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) # Bromobiphenyl 2052-07-05,2113-57-7,92-66-0 Decabromobiphenyl 13654-09-06 Dibromobiphenyl 92-86-4 Heptabromobiphenyl 59080-40-9,36355-01-8(hexabromo-1,1’-biphenyl,67774-32-7 (Firemaster FF-1) Hexabromobiphenyl 59080-40-9,36355-01-8, Nonabromobiphenyl 27753-52-2 Octabromobiphenyl 61288-13-9 Pentabromobiphenyl 67888-96-18 Polybrominated Biphenyl 59536-65-1 Tetrabromobiphenyl 60044-24-8 Tribromobiphenyl Not available PolybrominatedDiphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) # Bromodiphenyl Ether 101-55-3 Decabromodiphenyl Ether 1163-19-5 Dibromodiphenyl Ether 2050-47-7 Heptabromodiphenyl Ether 68928-80-3 Hexabromodiphenyl Ether 36483-60-0 Nonabromodiphenyl Ether 63936-56-1 Octabromodiphenyl Ether 32536-52-0 Pentabromodiphenyl Ether 32534-81-9 Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether 40088-47-9 Tribromodiphenyl Ether 49690-94-0Appendix B – Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) # Acenaphthene 83-32-9 Acenaphthylene 208-96-8Anthracene 120-12-7Benzo(a)anthracene 56-55-3Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205-99-2Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 191-24-2Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207-08-9Chrysene 218-01-9Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 53-70-3 Fluoranthene 206-44-0Fluorene 86-73-7Indeno(c,d)pyrene 193-39-5 Naphthalene 91-20-3 Phenanthrene 85-1-8Pyrene 129-00-0Appendix C – Examples of MaterialCertification。

新概念英语第一册第118-192课资料

新概念英语第一册第118-192课资料
• “as + many + n. (复) + as” • “as + much +n. (不可数) + as”
• She read as many books as you did. • 她读过的书和你一样多。 • 他尽可能地多喝水。
• He drank as much water as he could.
Millionaire n.百万富翁
2019/12/26
课文讲解
• I like this television very much. How much does it cost?
• = How much is it? • How much可以用来询问不可数名词的数量,
也可以用来问价格。 • 杯里有多少牛奶? • How much milk is in the cup?
• 1) 型号,式样 • 这台洗衣机是最新型的。
• This washing machine is the latest model. • 2)模型 • 飞机模型 model plane • 3)模范,榜样
• He is a model of diligence. • 他是勤勉的榜样 • 4)模特儿 • 时装模特儿 a fashion model
• 2) n.存款
• make a deposit
存入款项
• draw out one’s deposit 提取存款
• 3)v. 付定金
• 他付了100美元的订金买那部摩托车。
• He deposited 100 dollars on the motorcycle.
• 4)v. 把(钱)存起来
• 把钱存入银行
比较级
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

10. Production definitely discontinued ..................................................................................... 13
6.1.1. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of administrative departments ............................................ 13
vertical transversal plane through the driver's R-point as defined in Regulation No. 17. - at the opposite side of the longitudinal vertical median plane of the vehicle, the front bulkhead.
ANNEXES Annex 1 - Information document for vehicle Annex 2 - Information document for component Annex 3 - Communication concerning approval of a vehicle type Annex 4 - Communication concerning approval of a component type Annex 5 - Arrangements of approval marks
approval process.
2.2.
"Passenger compartment" means the space for occupants’ accommodation
including bar, kitchen, toilet, etc.), bounded by:
- the roof, - the floor, - the side walls, - the doors, - the outside glazing, - the rear compartment bulkhead, or the plane of the rear seat, - back support, - at the driver's side of the longitudinal vertical median plane of the vehicle, the
Classes II and III 1/, carrying more than 22 passengers, not being designed for
standing passengers and urban use (ty buses).
Type approvals are granted according to:
2.3.
"Production materials" means products, in the form of bulk materials (e.g. rolls of
upholstery) or preformed components, supplied to a manufacturer for incorporation
_________
Addendum 117: Regulation No. 118
Date of entry into force: 6 April 2005
UNIFORM TECHNICAL PRESCRIPTIONS CONCERNING THE BURNING BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS USED IN THE INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION OF
CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF MOTOR VEHICLES
_________
UNITED NATIONS
批注 [ES1]: PAGE 2 IS A BLANK PAGE
∗/
Former title of the Agreement:
Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958.
6. Part II - Definitions – Specifications .................................................................................. 10
7. Modification of the type and extension of approval ........................................................... 12
} E/ECE/324
E/ECE/TRANS/505
Rev.2/Add.117
20 April 2005
AGREEMENT
CONCERNING THE ADOPTION OF UNIFORM TECHNICAL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR WHEELED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND PARTS WHICH CAN BE FITTED
AND/OR BE USED ON WHEELED VEHICLES AND THE CONDITIONS FOR RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF APPROVALS GRANTED ON THE BASIS OF
THESE PRESCRIPTIONS ∗/ (Revision 2, including the amendments which entered into force on 16 October 1995)
2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 5
3. Application for approval ....................................................................................................... 6
CONTENTS
REGULATION
Page
1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 5
E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Regulation No. 118 page 4
} Rev.2/Add.117
CONTENTS (continued)
Annex 6 - Test to determine the horizontal burning rate of materials
1.2.
Part I - Approval of a vehicle type with regard to the burning behaviour of the
interior components used in the passenger compartment.
1.3.
Part II - Approval of a component (materials, seats, curtains, separation walls, etc.)
Annex 7 - Test to determine the melting behaviour of materials
Annex 8 - Test to determine the vertical burning rate of materials
E/ECE/324 E/ECE/TRANS/505 Regulation No. 118 page 5
with regard to its burning behaviour.
2.
DEFINITIONS: General
2.1.
"Manufacturer" means the person or body who is responsible to the approval
authority for all aspects of the type approval process and for ensuring conformity
4. Approval ............................................................................................................................... 7
5. Part I - Definitions – Specifications...................................................................................... 9
相关文档
最新文档