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固相萃取-_高效液相色谱-_串联质谱法同时测定海产品中微囊藻毒素和鱼腥藻毒素

分析检测固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定海产品中微囊藻毒素和鱼腥藻毒素吕晓静，鞠光秀，曲　欣，汪　勇，于红卫*（1.青岛市疾病预防控制中心/青岛市预防医学研究院，山东青岛 266033；2.岛津企业管理（中国）有限公司，北京 100020）摘要：目的：建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定海产品中7种微囊藻毒素和2种鱼腥藻毒素的方法。

方法：样品经80%乙腈提取，HLB小柱净化后，采用MRM模式进行分析，外标法定量。

结果：7种微囊藻毒素和2种鱼腥藻毒素在0.5～50.0 μg·L-1范围内线性关系良好，检出限为0.3 μg·kg-1，回收率为75.5%～98.8%，相对标准偏差在1.5%～5.4%。

结论：该方法重现性较好、灵敏度高、成本低，可以实现海产品中的鱼腥藻毒素和微囊藻毒素的同时检测。

关键词：微囊藻毒素；鱼腥藻毒素；固相萃取（SPE）；高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）Simultaneous Determination of Microcystins and Anatoxins in Marine Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with SolidPhase ExtractionLYU Xiaojing, JU Guangxiu, QU Xin, WANG Yong, YU Hongwei*(1.Qingdao Municipal Center For Disease Control & Prevention/Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao266033, China; 2.Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing Branch, Beijing 100020, China) Abstract: Objective: A method for simultaneous determination of 7 microcystins (MCs) and 2 Anatoxins (AnTXs) in marine products was achieved by solid phase extraction (SPE)-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Method: The sample was extracted with 80% acetonitrile, purified by HLB small column, analyzed using MRM mode, and quantified using external standard method. Result: The linear ranges for 7 MCs and 2 AnTXs were 0.5～50.0 μg·L-1. The limits of detection were 0.3 μg·kg-1. The recoveries of the 7 MCs and 2 AnTXs spiked in blank marine products ranged from 75.5% to 98.8% with the relative deviations of 1.5%～5.4%. Conclusion: The method has the advantages of good reproducibility, high sensitivity and low cost, and can achieve simultaneous detection of fishy algae toxins and microcystins in seafood.Keywords: microcystin; anatoxin; solid phase extraction (SPE); high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)微囊藻毒素（Microcystins，MCs）和鱼腥藻毒素（Anatoxins，AnTXs）是两种典型的蓝细菌毒素[1]。

MIPI_DSI_Specification_v1b_8320061508

MIPI Alliance Standard for Display Serial InterfaceV1.0MIPI Board approved 5 April 2006* Caution to Implementers *This document is a MIPI Specification formally approved by the MIPI Alliance Board of Directors per the process defined in the MIPI Alliance Bylaws. However, the Display Working Group has identified certain technical issues in this approved version of the specification that are pending further review and which may require revisions of or corrections to this document in the near future. Such revisions, if any, will be handled via the formal specification revision process as defined in the Bylaws.A Release Notes document has been prepared by the Display Working Group and is available to all members. The intent of the Release Notes is to provide a list of known technical issues under further discussion with the working group. This may not be an exhaustive list; its purpose is to simply catalog known issues as of this release date. Implementers of this specification should be aware of these facts, and take them into consideration as they work with the specification.Release Notes for the Display Serial Interface Specification can be found at the following direct, permanent link:https:///members/file.asp?id=4844MIPI Alliance Standard for Display Serial InterfaceVersion 1.00a – 19 April 2006MIPI Board Approved 5-Apr-2006Further technical changes to DSI are expected as work continues in the Display Working GroupNOTICE OF DISCLAIMER12The material contained herein is not a license, either expressly or impliedly, to any IPR owned or controlled 3by any of the authors or developers of this material or MIPI. The material contained herein is provided on 4an “AS IS” basis and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, this material is provided AS IS 5AND WITH ALL FAULTS, and the authors and developers of this material and MIPI hereby disclaim all 6other warranties and conditions, either express, implied or statutory, including, but not limited to, any (if7any) implied warranties, duties or conditions of merchantability, of fitness for a particular purpose, of8accuracy or completeness of responses, of results, of workmanlike effort, of lack of viruses, and of lack of 9negligence.10ALSO, THERE IS NO WARRANTY OF CONDITION OF TITLE, QUIET ENJOYMENT, QUIET11POSSESSION, CORRESPONDENCE TO DESCRIPTION OR NON-INFRINGEMENT WITH REGARD 12TO THIS MATERIAL OR THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT. IN NO EVENT WILL ANY13AUTHOR OR DEVELOPER OF THIS MATERIAL OR THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT OR 14MIPI BE LIABLE TO ANY OTHER PARTY FOR THE COST OF PROCURING SUBSTITUTE15GOODS OR SERVICES, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF DATA, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, 16CONSEQUENTIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES WHETHER UNDER17CONTRACT, TORT, WARRANTY, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THIS OR18ANY OTHER AGREEMENT, SPECIFICATION OR DOCUMENT RELATING TO THIS MATERIAL, WHETHER OR NOT SUCH PARTY HAD ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH1920DAMAGES.21Without limiting the generality of this Disclaimer stated above, the user of the contents of this Document is further notified that MIPI: (a) does not evaluate, test or verify the accuracy, soundness or credibility of the2223contents of this Document; (b) does not monitor or enforce compliance with the contents of this Document;24and (c) does not certify, test, or in any manner investigate products or services or any claims of compliance 25with the contents of this Document. The use or implementation of the contents of this Document may26involve or require the use of intellectual property rights ("IPR") including (but not limited to) patents,27patent applications, or copyrights owned by one or more parties, whether or not Members of MIPI. MIPI does not make any search or investigation for IPR, nor does MIPI require or request the disclosure of any2829IPR or claims of IPR as respects the contents of this Document or otherwise.30Questions pertaining to this document, or the terms or conditions of its provision, should be addressed to: 31MIPI Alliance, Inc.32c/o IEEE-ISTO33445 Hoes Lane34Piscataway, NJ 0885435Attn: Board SecretaryContents3637Version 1.00 – 13 April 2006 (i)381Overview (8)391.1Scope (8)401.2Purpose (8)412Terminology (Informational) (9)422.1Definitions (9)432.2Abbreviations (10)442.3Acronyms (10)453References (Informational) (13)463.1DBI and DBI-2 (Display Bus Interface Standards for Parallel Signaling) (13)473.2DPI and DPI-2 (Display Pixel Interface Standards for Parallel Signaling) (13)3.3DCS (Display Command Set) (14)48493.4CSI-2 (Camera Serial Interface 2) (14)503.5D-PHY (MIPI Alliance Standard for Physical Layer) (14)514DSI Introduction (15)524.1DSI Layer Definitions (16)534.2Command and Video Modes (17)4.2.1Command Mode (17)54554.2.2Video Mode Operation (17)564.2.3Virtual Channel Capability (18)5DSI Physical Layer (19)57585.1Data Flow Control (19)595.2Bidirectionality and Low Power Signaling Policy (19)605.3Command Mode Interfaces (20)615.4Video Mode Interfaces (20)625.5Bidirectional Control Mechanism (20)5.6.1Clock Requirements (21)64655.6.2Clock Power and Timing (22)666Multi-Lane Distribution and Merging (23)676.1Multi-Lane Interoperability and Lane-number Mismatch (24)686.1.1Clock Considerations with Multi-Lane (25)696.1.2Bi-directionality and Multi-Lane Capability (25)706.1.3SoT and EoT in Multi-Lane Configurations (25)717Low-Level Protocol Errors and Contention (28)727.1Low-Level Protocol Errors (28)737.1.1SoT Error (28)747.1.2SoT Sync Error (29)757.1.3EoT Sync Error (29)7.1.4Escape Mode Entry Command Error (30)76777.1.5LP Transmission Sync Error (30)787.1.6False Control Error (31)797.2Contention Detection and Recovery (31)807.2.1Contention Detection in LP Mode (32)817.2.2Contention Recovery Using Timers (32)7.3Additional Timers (34)82837.3.1Turnaround Acknowledge Timeout (TA_TO) (34)847.3.2Peripheral Reset Timeout (PR_TO) (35)7.4Acknowledge and Error Reporting Mechanism (35)85868DSI Protocol (37)878.1Multiple Packets per Transmission (37)888.2Packet Composition (37)898.3Endian Policy (38)908.4General Packet Structure (38)8.4.2Short Packet Format (40)92938.5Common Packet Elements (40)948.5.1Data Identifier Byte (40)958.5.2Error Correction Code (41)968.6Interleaved Data Streams (41)978.6.1Interleaved Data Streams and Bi-directionality (42)988.7Processor to Peripheral Direction (Processor-Sourced) Packet Data Types (42)998.8Processor-to-Peripheral Transactions – Detailed Format Description (43)1008.8.1Sync Event (H Start, H End, V Start, V End), Data Type = xx 0001 (x1h) (43)1018.8.2Color Mode On Command, Data Type = 00 0010 (02h) (44)1028.8.3Color Mode Off Command, Data Type = 01 0010 (12h) (44)1038.8.4Shutdown Peripheral Command, Data Type = 10 0010 (22h) (44)8.8.5Turn On Peripheral Command, Data Type = 11 0010 (32h) (44)1041058.8.6Generic Short WRITE Packet, 0 to 7 Parameters, Data Type = xx x011 (x3h and xBh) (44)1068.8.7Generic READ Request, 0 to 7 Parameters, Data Type = xx x100 (x4h and xCh) (44)1078.8.8DCS Commands (45)1088.8.9Set Maximum Return Packet Size, Data Type = 11 0111 (37h) (46)1098.8.10Null Packet (Long), Data Type = 00 1001 (09h) (46)8.8.11Blanking Packet (Long), Data Type = 01 1001 (19h) (46)1101118.8.12Generic Non-Image Data (Long), Data Type = 10 1001 (29h) (47)1128.8.13Packed Pixel Stream, 16-bit Format, Long packet, Data Type 00 1110 (0Eh) (47)8.8.14Packed Pixel Stream, 18-bit Format, Long packet, Data type = 01 1110 (1Eh) (48)1131148.8.15Pixel Stream, 18-bit Format in Three Bytes, Long packet, Data Type = 10 1110 (2Eh) (49)1158.8.16Packed Pixel Stream, 24-bit Format, Long packet, Data Type = 11 1110 (3Eh) (50)1168.8.17DO NOT USE and Reserved Data Types (50)1178.9Peripheral-to-Processor (Reverse Direction) LP Transmissions (51)1188.9.1Packet Structure for Peripheral-to-Processor LP Transmissions (51)1198.9.2System Requirements for ECC and Checksum and Packet Format (51)1208.9.3Appropriate Responses to Commands and ACK Requests (52)1218.9.4Format of Acknowledge with Error Report and Read Response Data Types (53)1228.9.5Error-Reporting Format (53)8.10Peripheral-to-Processor Transactions – Detailed Format Description (54)1231248.10.1Acknowledge with Error Report, Data Type 00 0010 (02h) (55)1258.10.2Generic Short Read Response with Optional ECC, Data Type 01 0xxx (10h – 17h) (55)8.10.3Generic Long Read Response with Optional ECC and Checksum, Data Type = 01 1010 126127(1Ah) 551288.10.4DCS Long Read Response with Optional ECC and Checksum, Data Type 01 1100 (1Ch)..56 1298.10.5DCS Short Read Response with Optional ECC, Data Type 10 0xxx (20h – 27h) (56)1308.10.6Multiple-packet Transmission and Error Reporting (56)1318.10.7Clearing Error Bits (56)1328.11Video Mode Interface Timing (56)1338.11.1Traffic Sequences (57)1348.11.2Non-Burst Mode with Sync Pulses (58)1358.11.3Non-Burst Mode with Sync Events (58)1368.11.4Burst Mode (59)1378.11.5Parameters (60)1388.12TE Signaling in DSI (61)1399Error-Correcting Code (ECC) and Checksum (63)1409.1Hamming Code for Packet Header Error Detection/Correction (63)1419.2Hamming-modified Code for DSI (63)9.3ECC Generation on the Transmitter and Byte-Padding (67)1421439.4Applying ECC and Byte-Padding on the Receiver (67)9.5Checksum Generation for Long Packet Payloads (68)14414510Compliance, Interoperability, and Optional Capabilities (70)14610.1Display Resolutions (70)14710.2Pixel Formats (71)14810.3Number of Lanes (71)14910.4Maximum Lane Frequency (71)15010.5Bidirectional Communication (71)15110.6ECC and Checksum Capabilities (72)15210.7Display Architecture (72)15310.8Multiple Peripheral Support (72)154Annex A (Informative) Contention Detection and Recovery Mechanisms (73)A.1PHY Detected Contention (73)155156A.1.1Protocol Response to PHY Detected Faults (73)MIPI Alliance Standard for Display Serial Interface 1571 Overview158The Display Serial Interface (DSI) specification defines protocols between a host processor and peripheral 159160devices that adhere to MIPI Alliance specifications for mobile device interfaces. The DSI specification 161builds on existing standards by adopting pixel formats and command set defined in MIPI Alliance 162standards for DBI-2 [2], DPI-2 [3], and DCS [1].1.1 Scope163Interface protocols as well as a description of signal timing relationships are within the scope of this 164165specification.166Electrical specifications and physical specifications are out of scope for this document. In addition, legacy interfaces such as DPI-2 and DBI-2 are also out of scope for this specification. Furthermore, device usage 167168of auxiliary buses such as I2C or SPI, while not precluded by this specification, are also not within its 169scope.1.2 Purpose170171The Display Serial Interface specification defines a standard high-speed serial interface between a 172peripheral, such as an active-matrix display module, and a host processor in a mobile device. By 173standardizing this interface, components may be developed that provide higher performance, lower power, 174less EMI and fewer pins than current devices, while maintaining compatibility across products from 175multiple vendors.2 Terminology (Informational)176177The MIPI Alliance has adopted Section 13.1 of the IEEE Standards Style Manual, which dictates use of the 178words “shall”, “should”, “may”, and “can” in the development of documentation, as follows:179The word shall is used to indicate mandatory requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted (shall equals is required to).180181The use of the word must is deprecated and shall not be used when stating mandatory requirements; must is 182used only to describe unavoidable situations.183The use of the word will is deprecated and shall not be used when stating mandatory requirements; will is 184only used in statements of fact.185The word should is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly 186suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not 187necessarily required; or that (in the negative form) a certain course of action is deprecated but not 188prohibited (should equals is recommended that).189The word may is used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the standard (may 190equals is permitted).191The word can is used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical, or causal (can 192equals is able to).193All sections are normative, unless they are explicitly indicated to be informative.2.1 Definitions194195Forward Direction: The signal direction is defined relative to the direction of the high-speed serial clock. 196Transmission from the side sending the clock to the side receiving the clock is the forward direction.197Half duplex: Bidirectional data transmission over a Lane allowing both transmission and reception but 198only in one direction at a time.199HS Transmission: Sending one or more packets in the forward direction in HS Mode. A HS Transmission 200is delimited before and after packet transmission by LP-11 states.201Host Processor: Hardware and software that provides the core functionality of a mobile device.Lane: Consists of two complementary Lane Modules communicating via two-line, point-to-point Lane 202203Interconnects. A Lane is used for either Data or Clock signal transmission.204Lane Interconnect: Two-line point-to-point interconnect used for both differential high-speed signaling 205and low-power single ended signaling.206Lane Module: Module at each side of the Lane for driving and/or receiving signals on the Lane.207Link: A complete connection between two devices containing one Clock Lane and at least one Data Lane. 208LP Transmission: Sending one or more packets in either direction in LP Mode or Escape Mode. A LP 209Transmission is delimited before and after packet transmission by LP-11 states.Packet: A group of two or more bytes organized in a specified way to transfer data across the interface. All 210211packets have a minimum specified set of components. The byte is the fundamental unit of data from which 212packets are made.213Payload: Application data only – with all Link synchronization, header, ECC and checksum and other 214protocol-related information removed. This is the “core” of transmissions between host processor and 215peripheral.216PHY: The set of Lane Modules on one side of a Link.217PHY Configuration: A set of Lanes that represent a possible Link. A PHY configuration consists of a 218minimum of two Lanes: one Clock Lane and one or more Data Lanes.219Reverse Direction: Reverse direction is the opposite of the forward direction. See the description for 220Forward Direction.221Transmission: Refers to either HS or LP Transmission. See the HS Transmission and LP Transmission 222definitions for descriptions of the different transmission modes.223Virtual Channel: Multiple independent data streams for up to four peripherals are supported by this 224specification. The data stream for each peripheral is a Virtual Channel. These data streams may be 225interleaved and sent as sequential packets, with each packet dedicated to a particular peripheral or channel. 226Packet protocol includes information that directs each packet to its intended peripheral.227Word Count: Number of bytes.2.2 Abbreviations228229e.g. Forexample2.3 Acronyms230231AM Active matrix (display technology)232ProtocolAIP ApplicationIndependent233ASP Application Specific Protocol234BLLP Blanking or Low Power intervalPixel235perBPP Bits236Turn-AroundBTA Bus237InterfaceCSI CameraSerial238DBI Display Bus InterfaceDI Data239Identifier240DMA Direct Memory Access241DPI Display Pixel InterfaceDSIDisplay Serial Interface242 DT Data Type243 ECC Error-Correcting Code 244 EMI Electro Magnetic interference 245 EoTEnd of Transmission246 ESD Electrostatic Discharge 247 FpsFrames per second248 HS High Speed 249 ISTOIndustry Standards and Technology Organization250 LLP Low-Level Protocol 251 LP Low Power 252 LPI Low Power Interval 253 LPS Low Power State (state of serial data line when not transferring high-speed serial data) 254 LSBLeast Significant Bit255 Mbps Megabits per second256 MIPI Mobile Industry Processor Interface 257 MSBMost Significant Bit258 PE Packet End 259 PF Packet Footer 260 PH Packet Header 261 PHY Physical Layer 262 PI Packet Identifier 263 PPI PHY-Protocol Interface 264 PS Packet Start 265 PT Packet Type 266 PWB Printed Wired Board267 QCIFQuarter-size CIF (resolution 176x144 pixels or 144x176 pixels)268 QVGA Quarter-size Video Graphics Array (resolution 320x240 pixels or 240x320 pixels)269RAM Random Access Memory270271RGB Color presentation (Red, Green, Blue)272SLVS Scalable Low Voltage Signaling273SoT Start of Transmission274SVGA Super Video Graphics Array (resolution 800x600 pixels or 600x800 pixels) 275VGA Video Graphics Array (resolution 640x480 pixels or 480x640 pixels)VSA Vertical276ActiveSync277WVGA Wide VGA (resolution 800x480 pixels or 480x800 pixels)278CountWC Word3 References (Informational)279280[1] MIPI Alliance Standard for Display Command Set, version 1.00, April 2006281[2] MIPI Alliance Standard for Display Bus Interface, version 2.00, November 2005[3] MIPI Alliance Standard for Display Parallel Interface, version 2.00, September 2005282283[4] MIPI Alliance Standard for D-PHY, version 0.65, November 2005284Design and Analysis of Fault Tolerant Digital System by Barry W. Johnson285Error Correcting Codes: Hamming Distance by Don Johnson paper286Intel 8206 error detection and correction unit datasheet287National DP8400-2 Expandable Error Checker/Corrector datasheetMuch of DSI is based on existing MIPI Alliance standards as well as several MIPI Alliance standards in 288289simultaneous development. In the Application Layer, DSI duplicates pixel formats used in MIPI Alliance 290Standard for Display Parallel Interface [3] when it is in Video Mode operation. For display modules with a 291display controller and frame buffer, DSI shares a common command set with MIPI Alliance Standard for 292Display Bus Interface [2]. The command set is documented in MIPI Alliance Standard for Display 293Command Set [1].3.1 DBI and DBI-2 (Display Bus Interface Standards for Parallel Signaling)294295DBI and DBI-2 are MIPI Alliance specifications for parallel interfaces to display modules having display 296controllers and frame buffers. For systems based on these specifications, the host processor loads images to 297the on-panel frame buffer through the display processor. Once loaded, the display controller manages all 298display refresh functions on the display module without further intervention from the host processor. Image 299updates require the host processor to write new data into the frame buffer.300DBI and DBI-2 specify a parallel interface; that is, data is sent to the peripheral over an 8-, 9- or 16-bit-301wide parallel data bus, with additional control signals.302The DSI specification supports a Command Mode of operation. Like the parallel DBI, a DSI-compliant 303interface sends commands and parameters to the display. However, all information in DSI is first serialized 304before transmission to the display module. At the display, serial information is transformed back to parallel 305data and control signals for the on-panel display controller. Similarly, the display module can return status 306information and requested memory data to the host processor, using the same serial data path.3.2 DPI and DPI-2 (Display Pixel Interface Standards for Parallel Signaling)307DPI and DPI-2 are MIPI Alliance specifications for parallel interfaces to display modules without on-panel 308309display controller or frame buffer. These display modules rely on a steady flow of pixel data from host 310processor to the display, to maintain an image without flicker or other visual artifacts. MIPI Alliance 311specifications document several pixel formats for Active Matrix (AM) display modules.312Like DBI and DBI-2, DPI and DPI-2 are specifications for parallel interfaces. The data path may be 16-, 31318-, or 24-bits wide, depending on pixel format(s) supported by the display module. This specification 314refers to DPI mode of operation as Video Mode.Some display modules that use Video Mode in normal operation also make use of a simplified form of 315316Command Mode, when in low-power state. These display modules can shut down the streaming video 317interface and continue to refresh the screen from a small local frame buffer, at reduced resolution and pixel318depth. The local frame buffer shall be loaded, prior to interface shutdown, with image content to be319displayed when in low-power operation. These display modules can switch mode in response to power-320control commands.3.3 DCS (Display Command Set)321322DCS is a specification for the command set used by DSI and DBI-2 specifications. Commands are sent 323from the host processor to the display module. On the display module, a display controller receives andinterprets commands, then takes appropriate action. Commands fall into four broad categories: read 324325register, write register, read memory and write memory. A command may be accompanied by multiple 326parameters.3.4 CSI-2 (Camera Serial Interface 2)327CSI-2 is a MIPI Alliance standard for serial interface between a camera module and host processor. It is 328329based on the same physical layer technology and low-level protocols as DSI. Some significant differencesare:330331•CSI-2 uses unidirectional high-speed Link, whereas DSI is half-duplex bidirectional Link332•CSI-2 makes use of a secondary channel, based on I2C, for control and status functions333CSI-2 data direction is from peripheral (Camera Module) to host processor, while DSI’s primary data334direction is from host processor to peripheral (Display Module).3.5 D-PHY (MIPI Alliance Standard for Physical Layer)335MIPI Alliance Standard for D-PHY [4] provides the physical layer definition for DSI. The functionality 336337specified by the D-PHY standard covers all electrical and timing aspects, as well as low-level protocols, 338signaling, and message transmissions in various operating modes.4 DSI Introduction339340DSI specifies the interface between a host processor and a peripheral such as a display module. It builds on 341existing MIPI Alliance standards by adopting pixel formats and command set specified in DPI-2, DBI-2 342and DCS standards.343Figure 1 shows a simplified DSI interface. From a conceptual viewpoint, a DSI-compliant interface 344performs the same functions as interfaces based on DBI-2 and DPI-2 standards or similar parallel display 345interfaces. It sends pixels or commands to the peripheral, and can read back status or pixel information 346from the peripheral. The main difference is that DSI serializes all pixel data, commands, and events that, in 347traditional or legacy interfaces, are normally conveyed to and from the peripheral on a parallel data bus 348with additional control signals.349From a system or software point of view, the serialization and deserialization operations should be 350transparent. The most visible, and unavoidable, consequence of transformation to serial data and back to 351parallel is increased latency for transactions that require a response from the peripheral. For example, 352reading a pixel from the frame buffer on a display module will have a higher latency using DSI than DBI. 353Another fundamental difference is the host processor’s inability during a read transaction to throttle the 354rate, or size, of returned data.355356Figure 1 DSI Transmitter and Receiver Interface4.1 DSI Layer Definitions357Application Processor Peripheral358Figure 2 DSI Layers359360A conceptual view of DSI organizes the interface into several functional layers. A description of the layers 361follows and is also shown in Figure 2.362PHY Layer: The PHY Layer specifies transmission medium (electrical conductors), the input/output 363circuitry and the clocking mechanism that captures “ones” and “zeroes” from the serial bit stream. This part 364of the specification documents the characteristics of the transmission medium, electrical parameters for 365signaling and the timing relationship between clock and Data Lanes.366The mechanism for signaling Start of Transmission (SoT) and End of Transmission (EoT) is specified, as 367well as other “out of band” information that can be conveyed between transmitting and receiving PHYs. 368Bit-level and byte-level synchronization mechanisms are included as part of the PHY. Note that the 369electrical basis for DSI (SLVS) has two distinct modes of operation, each with its own set of electrical 370parameters.371The PHY layer is described in MIPI Alliance Standard for D-PHY [4].372Lane Management Layer: DSI is Lane-scalable for increased performance. The number of data signals 373may be 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the bandwidth requirements of the application. The transmitter side of the 374interface distributes the outgoing data stream to one or more Lanes (“distributor” function). On the receiving end, the interface collects bytes from the Lanes and merges them together into a recombined data 375376stream that restores the original stream sequence (“merger” function).Protocol Layer: At the lowest level, DSI protocol specifies the sequence and value of bits and bytes 377378traversing the interface. It specifies how bytes are organized into defined groups called packets. The 379protocol defines required headers for each packet, and how header information is generated and interpreted.The transmitting side of the interface appends header and error-checking information to data being 380381transmitted. On the receiving side, the header is stripped off and interpreted by corresponding logic in the 382receiver. Error-checking information may be used to test the integrity of incoming data. DSI protocol also383documents how packets may be tagged for interleaving multiple command or data streams to separate384destinations using a single DSI.385Application Layer: This layer describes higher-level encoding and interpretation of data contained in the386data stream. Depending on the display subsystem architecture, it may consist of pixels having a prescribed387format, or of commands that are interpreted by the display controller inside a display module. The DSI 388specification describes the mapping of pixel values, commands and command parameters to bytes in the389packet assembly. See MIPI Alliance Standard for Display Command Set [1].4.2 Command and Video Modes390391DSI-compliant peripherals support either of two basic modes of operation: Command Mode and Video392Mode. Which mode is used depends on the architecture and capabilities of the peripheral. The mode393definitions reflect the primary intended use of DSI for display interconnect, but are not intended to restrict 394DSI from operating in other applications.Typically, a peripheral is capable of Command Mode operation or Video Mode operation. Some Video 395396Mode displays also include a simplified form of Command Mode operation in which the display may 397refresh its screen from a reduced-size, or partial, frame buffer, and the interface (DSI) to the host processor398may be shut down to reduce power consumption.Mode3994.2.1 Command400Command Mode refers to operation in which transactions primarily take the form of sending commands401and data to a peripheral, such as a display module, that incorporates a display controller. The display 402controller may include local registers and a frame buffer. Systems using Command Mode write to, and readfrom, the registers and frame buffer memory. The host processor indirectly controls activity at the 403404peripheral by sending commands, parameters and data to the display controller. The host processor can also 405read display module status information or the contents of the frame memory. Command Mode operationrequires a bidirectional interface.406407Operation4.2.2 VideoMode408Video Mode refers to operation in which transfers from the host processor to the peripheral take the form of409a real-time pixel stream. In normal operation, the display module relies on the host processor to provide410image data at sufficient bandwidth to avoid flicker or other visible artifacts in the displayed image. Video 411information should only be transmitted using High Speed Mode.412Some Video Mode architectures may include a simple timing controller and partial frame buffer, used to413maintain a partial-screen or lower-resolution image in standby or low-power mode. This permits the 414interface to be shut down to reduce power consumption.415To reduce complexity and cost, systems that only operate in Video Mode may use a unidirectional data416path.。

JDSU T-BERD 6000 光纤测试平台说明书

T-BERD ®6000Compact Optical Test Platform Key Features •Compact,lightweight,and highly integrated platform•More than 40 application modules already supported formultimode and single-mode•Built-in VFL,power meter,LTS,ORL,and video inspectionscope options •Choose from IL/ORL,OTDR,PMD,CD,AP and/or WDMplug-ins•Exceeds Telcordia speciﬁcations for ruggedness,droptesting,and extended battery life•Compatible with plug-in modules from the MTS-51001and T-BERD 8000The JDSU T-BERD 6000 is a highly integrated test platform designed for all phases of the ﬁber network life cycle.It provides ﬁeld service technicians with the highest levels of performance and upgradeability on the market today.The modular design of the T-BERD 6000 offers an extensive portfolio of test functionality with over 40 different ﬁber modules supporting a wide range of applications.The versatility of the T-BERD 6000 allows technicians to standardize using one type of test equipment and then introduce new testing capabilities in the ﬁeld without incurring additional training or device costs.The T-BERD 6000 is compatible with our existing ﬁber module product line,so technicians can exchange plug-in modules between the T-BERD-8000 Scalable Optical Test Platform and the T-BERD 6000,in the ﬁeld and without the need for additional tools.To ensure the highest level of return on your capital investment for test equipment,an extension allows you to upgrade existing OTDR modules from the MTS-5100 for use with the T-BERD 6000.To ensure the highest-level return on investment for your test equipment,upgradeexisting optical time domain reﬂectometer (OTDR) modules from the MTS-5100(with an extension) for use with the T-BERD 6000.Compatible with the M T S-5100 line of MM,SR,DR,HD,and VHD OTDR modulesApplications•Performs multimode andsingle-mode OTDR and optical losstest (bidirectional)•Conducts connector inspection andcontinuity testing•Finds faults and identiﬁes trafﬁc•Tests FTTx/PON and CWDMnetworks•Performs ﬁber dispersion testing(PMD/CD/AP) for 10G/10GE/40G•Allows for use of talk set/data portfor automated end-to-endcommunication and unit control•Generates proof-of-performancereports P r o vided b vided by y : com (800)40404-A -ATE TEC CAd Advanced vanced T Test est E quipment Rentals ®Microphone(4) Molded Bumpers(7) Soft Keys(Context Sensitive)(5) Direct Access Keysand Start/StopNavigation Key PadRemovable High-CapacityLi Ion Battery (8-hour battery life)T-BERD 6000 Front Panel Ideal for Field TestingThe T-BERD 6000 is a highly integrated platform with a single module slot and the option to extend internal memory up to 1 gigabyte.The platform features an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) shown on a large 8.4 inch transreﬂective color display (with an optional touchscreen) to improve viewing under any condition.The high capacity Lithium ion battery adds extended life.Other features include an optional video inspection scope (via USB port),and optional built-in optical test functions,such as a visual fault locator (VFL),power meter,optical return loss (ORL) and loss test sets (LTS).The T-BERD 6000 also has a built-in optical talk set option for communicating and controlling remote units along the ﬁber,and it can transfer data fast using the USB or Ethernet port.8.4 in Indoor/Outdoor TFT Color Display,Touchscreen ConﬁgurablePower Meter Visual Fault Locator AC InputHeadsetOptical Talk Set/Light Source/ORL High-SpeedEthernet Port (2) USB Ports (Video Inspection Scope Option)T-BERD 6000 Top SideOverview of Fiber Optic Applications Compact and Highly IntegratedThe versatility of the T-BERD 6000 allows it to address premises to long-haul network s comprising new technologies,such as various ﬁber network s (FTTx),remote optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs),and 40 G.–Built-in VFL,laser source power meter,LTS,talk set/data,and video inspection scope options (simultaneously)–Bidirectional insertion loss (IL) and ORL capabilities combined in one module –OTDR and chromatic dispersion (CD) capabilities combined in one module –Polarization mode dispersion (PMD),wave division multiplexing (WDM),and attenuation proﬁle (AP) capabilities combined in one module –PMD,CD,and AP capabilities combined in one module Wide Range of Test Applications–10 GigE local area network (LAN) qualiﬁcation Solution:T-BERD 6000 with the unique universal SRL 850/1300/1310/1550/1625 nmOTDR Module–End-to-end connectivity on point-to-point network s,including sectionalized testing on a passive optical network (PON) (without a splitter)Solution:T-BERD 6000 with the VSRe,SRe,MR OTDR module at 1310/1550 nm –End-to-end connectivity on PONs,including splitter qualiﬁcation Solution:T-BERD 6000 with the MR,LR,or VLR at 1310/1490/1550 nm OTDR moduleAdd optional VFL,power meter,and video inspection scope–In-service maintenance and troubleshooting without service disruption Solution:T-BERD 6000 with the ﬁltered LR OTDR module at 1625 nm –End-to-end connectivity and ﬁber splice qualiﬁcationSolution:T-BERD 6000 with the MR,LR,or VLR at 1310/1550/1625 nm OTDR module Add optional VFL,power meter,and video inspection scope LAN/WAN Premises Metro/Core NetworksFTTx/Access Networks4–End-to-end connectivity and ﬁber splice qualiﬁcation Solution:T-BERD 6000 with the UHD OTDR module at 1310/1550/1625 nmDynamic range of 50 dB available at 1550 nm–Characterize ﬁber in high-speed transmission systems for loss/dispersion Solution:T-BERD 6000 with the PMD/CD/AP ,ODTR,and OFI module–Characterize ﬁber and prove suitability to carry multiple channels (water peak)Solution:T-BERD 6000 with the VLR OTDR module at 1383 nmAdd the combined PMD/WDM/SA or CDWM OTDR module–New technologies developed in the futureSolution:T-BERD 6000 with the new JDSU ﬁeld-upgradeable application module 10G/40G Fiber Characterization CWDM/DWDM Modular PlatformUltralong-Haul Networks Modular designOTDR and IL/ORL TestingA Wide Range of OTDR ModulesThe JDSU OTDR plug-in module family provides a wide range of high-performance OTDRs.Over 40 ﬁeld-interchangeable modules are compatible withthe T-BERD 6000 for testing and troubleshooting any multimode or single-mode network.The OTDR family includes six lines of OTDRs featuring:–New wavelengths to cover 1383 nm (CWDM) and 1490 nm (FTTx) –Highest dynamic range up to 50 dB–Shortest dead zones down to 0.5 m in multimode and 0.8 m in singlemode–Fastest scan speed at 0.1 s in real-time modeFrom Simple Fault Locator to Expert OTDR…The fault locator boosts productivity in the ﬁeld by providing:The expert mode offers high-level trace analysis possibilities,mak ing yourT-BERD 6000 platform a powerful instrument for commissioning and trouble-shooting by offering:-Manual settings (pulse,acquisition time,resolution,distance range)-Manual addition and deletion of events-Manual slopes,splices,and reﬂectances measurementIndustry leader for dynamicrange with 50 dB Revolutionary 50 cm dead zone automationloss,and ORL measurementsFigure 2 Fault locator modeIdeal for End-to-End CommissioningOTDR bidirectional testing is required to obtain true and accurate splice loss readings.JDSU has developed an innovative automatic bidirectional analysis function that is integrated directly into the T-BERD 6000 platform,saving at least 50 percent of the time required for traditional bidirectional analysis.–Offers communication between two units via the link under test to set up the same optimized acquisition parameters–Displays and saves automatic acquisitions in both directions on both units –Eliminates operator errorUnique to the market:Fully automatic bidirectionalacquisition and analysisLocalT-BERD 6000T-BERD 6000Remote Figure 3Bidirectional OTDR measurement CWDM OTDR ModulesThe CWDM OTDR module allows in-service OTDR measurements at International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T) G.694.2 CWDM wavelengths.This solution was developed to help network operators and dark ﬁber providers characterize,maintain,and troubleshoot CWDM systems from short- to medium-haul ﬁber networks.Figure 4 Qualiﬁcation of a CWDM networkFTTx/PON In-Service ModulesTo avoid interrupting customer traffic (in-service testing) of B/G/E-PON networks the ﬁltered OTDR module performs an out-of-band test using 1625 nm wavelength.Insertion Loss and Optical Return Loss Testing–Measures bidirectional IL,ORL,and ﬁber length –Offers one-button automated testing –Choose three wavelengths from 1310,1490,1550,and 1625 nm –Compatible with the OFI-2000 Multifunction Loss Test SetCD,PMD,AP,and WDM TestingThe T-BERD 6000 enables CD and PMD measurements to identify ﬁber viability for very high-speed transmission systems.It also enables WDM and AP tests to validate the link compatibility with DWDM system implementation.Polarization Mode Dispersion Testing–Fast and accurately measures PMD delay,PMD coefﬁcient,andsecond-order values–Offers high dynamic range (up to 65 dB) dedicated for metropolitan,long haul, and very long haul ﬁber optic links–Offers shock- and vibration-proof design (with no moving parts)–Allows for measurement through multiple ampliﬁers–Provides statistics and long-term monitoringChromatic Dispersion Testing - OTDR-Based Method–Requires access to only one end of the ﬁber–Offers dynamic range (up to 120 km) dedicated for any metropolitan ﬁber optic links–Includes acquisition points around 1310,1480,1550,and 1625 nm for accurate CD from 1260 to 1650 nm–Integrates a four-wavelength OTDR and light source–Provides sectional analysis capability for troubleshooting–Offers shock- and vibration-proof design (with no moving parts)9T-BERD 6000 COMPACT OPTICAL TEST PLATFORMChromatic Dispersion Testing - Phase-Shift Method–Offers high dynamic range (up to 55 dB) dedicated for metropolitan,long haul, and very long haul ﬁber optic links–Provides full wavelength range characterization (1260 to 1640 nm)–Allows for measurement through multiple ampliﬁers–Offers shock- and vibration-proof design (with no moving parts)Attenuation Proﬁle Testing–Provides total loss and dB/km values for full band testing (1260 to 1640 nm)–Allows CDWM and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission band characterization–Provides water peak (1383 nm area) characterization–Offers shock- and vibration-proof design (with no moving parts)–Combined with WDM and PMD functions or with CD and PMD functionsDWDM Maintenance Testing–Measures channel level,power,and wavelength in the S,C,and L bands–Provides the most compact DWDM test solution that measures optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)–Tests wavelengths from 1260 to 1640 nm or 1485 to 1640 nm–Offers high wavelength accuracy–Provides statistics and long-term monitoring–Offers shock- and vibration-proof design (with no moving parts)10Generate cable acceptance reportsReport single test resultsP rofessional acceptance test reports OTDR trace report Options and AccessoriesGreater Productivity with CommunicationsWith limited telephone line and cell phone coverage during ﬁber testing,the T-BERD 6000 offers a built-in optical talk set option for permanent communication between test technicians.Near- and far-end technicians can communicate with each other,avoiding many of the testing mistakes that can prove costly if another truck roll is required to ﬁx a problem.For bidirectional testing that requires both the near- and far-end units to acquire data,the Data mode on the optional talk set synchronizes data acquisition for both units during OTDR testing and retrieves test results for pass/fail analysis.–Provides 45 dB optical talk set–Provides ﬁle transfer capability through the ﬁber–Provides remote control of the far-end unit–Provides a talk set compatible with the OFI-2000 and with the OTS-55 Optical Talk Set stand-alone unitEffective Test Report GenerationTransfer data and generate comprehensive reports using JDSU FiberTrace and FiberCable analysis software.–Generate proof-of-performance reports with a high degree of customization –Create dedicated tables for each test result (OTDR,CD,PMD,and ORL)–Provides pass/fail indicators for quick analysis of problem areas –Identiﬁes macro bends and provides fault report summary11Comprehensive Line of AccessoriesA wide range of available accessories provide technicians with everything needed to beneﬁt from the complete testing capabilities of the of the T-BERD 6000.Join the T-BERD Family of Optical Test SolutionsBased on the same graphical user interface (GUI) and ﬁle formats,the T-BERD 6000,T-BERD 6000A,and the T-BERD 8000 form a family of solutions for high-performance ﬁeld testing.In addition,the ﬁber application plug-in modules are ﬁeld interchangeable with the T-BERD 6000,T-BERD 6000A,and the T-BERD 8000,ensuring maximum ﬂexibility and investment protection.The T-BERD 6000 can house one ﬁber application plug-in module.The T-BERD 6000A with the Multi-Services Application Module (MSAM) offers Ethernet and SONET/SDH testing at line rates from 10 Mb/s up to 10 Gb/s,as well as the ability to verify and troubleshoot higher-layer IP video,Layer 4 UDP/PCP ,FTP ,and HTTP .The T-BERD 8000 can house multiple modules simultaneously,enabling the perform-ance of almost any combination of network test functions in a single unit.In addition,the T-BERD 8000 also offers:–DWDM turn-up testing–Dual-port optical spectrum analysis–DWDM channel isolation for BERT analysis –E1/T1 to 10G BERT analysis–10/100/1000/1G/10G Ethernet testingT-BERD 6000 LITE Compact OTDR T-BERD 6000Compact Optical Test Platform T-BERD 6000ACompact Network Test Platform T-BERD 8000Scalable Optical Test PlatformThe T-BERD 6000 with the optional mouse,keyboard,battery,headset,AC/DC adapter charger,and video inspection scopeT-BERD 8000 ﬁeld-scalable optical test platformView clean and dirty ﬁber end faces with the connector inspection option.Test & Measurement Regional SalesProduct speciﬁcations and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice.© 2008 JDS Uniphase Corporation November 200830162566 000 1108 TB6000.DS.FOP .TM.AESpeciﬁcations for Typical 25°CDisplayTFT color,8.4 in LCD,800 x 600,high-visibility (standard)Touchscreen,TFT color,8.4 in LCD,800 x 600,high-visibility (optional)Storage and I/O Interfaces Internal memory 1000 test results Extended memory (optional)Minimum 1 GB (optional)2x USB V1.1,1x RJ45 Ethernet Power Supply Battery type Standard removable Li-ion batteries AC/DC adapter Input 100–240 V,50–60 Hz,Output 19 V DC/3.1 AOperation time Up to 11 hrs with standard display,Telcordia GR-196-CORESize and WeightMainframe with one plug-in module and battery (L x H x W)285 x 195 x 93 mm(11.2 x 7.7 x 3.7 in)Mainframe only (without battery and module) 2.4 kg (5.3 lb)Mainframe (with one plug-in module and battery) 3.4 kg (7.5 lb)Environmental SpeciﬁcationsOperating temperature range on mains (no options)–20 to +50°C (–4 to 122°F)Operating temperature range (all options)0 to +40°C(32 to 104°F)Storage temperature range –20 to +60°C (–4 to 140°F)Humidity,non-condensing 95%Base Unit Optical Interfaces (optional)Power Meter Power level+10 to –60 dBm Calibrated wavelengths 850,1310,and 1550 nm Connector type Universal push/pull (UPP)Talkset Wavelength 1550 nm ±20 nmDynamic range 45 dBFunction With data/ﬁle transferLaser safety Class 1M laser Connector typeField interchangeableOptical Return Loss Selectable wavelength 1310 / 1550 nm Measurement range 0 dB to 45 dBMeasurement uncertainty ±1 dB Display resolution0.01 dBVisual Fault Locator Wavelength 635 nm ±15 nm Output power level <1 mW Laser safety Class 2 laser Connector type Universal push/pull (UPP)Continuous Wave Light Source Wavelengths (selection)1310,1550,and 1625 nm Output power level –3.5 dBm Stability in 15 min ±0.02 dB Stability in 8 hrs ±0.2 dB Laser safety Class 1M laser Connector type Field interchangeable Video Inspection Scope (via USB)Magniﬁcation 250X and 400X,through the USB portBase InstrumentT-BERD 6000 platform with high-visibilitycolor display and battery packTB6000T-BERD 6000 platform with high-visibility touchscreen color display and battery pack TB6000T Extended memory (1 GB)E60EXTMEM VFL with 2.5 mm UPP E80VFL Optical talk set E80TS Optical power meter with UPP connector (2.5 mm provided as standard)E80PM Optical loss test set 1550/1625 nm with talk set E8029LTSTS Optical loss test set with talk set (1310/1550/1625 nm)E8036LTSTS Combined LTS and ORL with talk set(1310/1550 nm )E8026LTSTSORL Bidirectional OTDR acquisitionoption for single-mode moduleE80bidir Quick capture video microscope,200x/400x with USB converterEFSCOPE400AccessoriesCigarette lighter power adapterE80lighter Additional Li-Ion rechargeable batteryE60LiIon Wrap around carrying case for 6000 platformESCASE5Application SoftwareOptical FiberTrace software (for post-analysis)EOFS100Optical FiberCable software(for acceptance report generation)EOFS200Optical connectors for the loss test set and talk set options (connector must be of the same type)Field replaceable connectors:EUNIPCFC,EUNIPCSC,EUNIPCST,EUNIPCDIN,EUNIPCLC,EUNIAPCFC,EUNIAPCSC,EUNIAPCST,EUNIAPCDIN,EUNIAPCLCPlease refer to the separate module datasheets for detailed speciﬁcations.。

2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers

This manuscript has been accepted for rapid publication in Optical Engineering Letters. This version has not been edited or formatted for publication; the final printed article may differ due to copyediting of the manuscript. The final version of the manuscript is scheduled to appear in the July 2004 issue of Optical Engineering (Volume 43,Number 7)Optical label switching by using DPSK and in-band sub-carrier multiplexing modulation formatI. Tafur Monroy, J. J. Vegas Olmos, A. M. J. Koonen, F. M. Huijskens, H. de Waardt, and G-D. KhoeEindhoven University of TechnologyCOBRA InstituteP.O. Box 513EH 11:08, 5600 MB EindhovenThe NetherlandsE-mail: i.tafur@tue.nl________Manuscript OEL 04002 received January 9, 2004; revised manuscript received March 5, 2004; accepted for publication March 9, 2004; appeared online March 10, 2004.© 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation EngineersOptical label switching by using DPSK and in-band sub-carrier multiplexing modulation formatI. Tafur Monroy, J. J. Vegas Olmos, A.M.J. Koonen, F.M. Huijskens,H. de Waardt, G-D. KhoeCOBRA Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology,P.O. Box 513, EH 11:08, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The NetherlandsFax: +31-40-2455197, E-mail: i.tafur@tue.nlAbstractOptical label switching based on combined DPSK modulation and sub-carrier multiplexing is experimentally demonstrated at 10 Gbit/s DPSK encoded payload and 100 Mbit/s AM-SCM labeling. This scheme is spectral efficient and robust to fiber dispersion.I.INTRODUCTIONOptical label switching (OLS) has received much attention recently as a promising technique for optical networking. OLS reconciles the mismatch between high speed data transmission over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) links and the limitations of current technology for optical memory, buffering, and optical signal processing for look-up table routing decisions. By using short fixed-length labels the core nodes of the network forward/switch packets fast and efficiently while keeping the payload data entirely in the optical domain. OLS also offers the advantage of being protocol transparent, compatible with legacy and emerging networking technologies by adopting the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) framework for a unified control plane [1]. One important issue in OLS networks is the technique used to label optical signals. Our previous published work has been focused on the combined modulation scheme [2]. However, other techniques have been proposed until now, among those, sub-carrier multiplexing (SCM) with frequencies above the base-band spectrum of the payload data, encoded in intensity modulation [3] or the use of combined angle and intensity modulation formats [4]. Our proposed labeling technique combines angle modulation and sub-carrier multiplexing. Namely, the payload data is encoded in DPSK modulation format and the label information is transported by using SCM techniques. This scheme shows several advantageous features for optical networking and data transmission. For instance, the sub-carrier frequency may be chosen to be in the same frequency band than the payload data, which is appropriate for spectral efficiency while keeping the complexity of the RF signal generation/detection low. The sub-carrier signal may be detected by simple photodetection and its is not affected by the DPSK information as the photodiode does not react to the optical signal phase. DPSKmodulation has received much attention recently as a spectrally efficient format for high bit rate transmission. It has been shown to be robust against chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and cross-phase modulation (XPM) effects during transmission along optical fibers [5]. In fact, record high capacity and link reach optical transmission has been recently reported by using DPSK modulation format [6]. Moreover, if a different value for the sub-carrier frequency in each wavelength channel is used, by tapping a small percentage of the optical power out of a fiber link, core nodes have access to the label information of all the channels transported on a fiber.II.DPSK/SCM LABELING SCHEMEThe label information is imposed into a sub-carrier frequency while DPSK modulation is used for transmitting the high bit rate payload data. The label information, commonly at a lower bit rate than the payload data, can be imposed onto the sub-carrier by using an arbitrary modulation format. The modulated SCM signal can be imposed into the optical carrier by analog, direct laser modulation, or by using an external modulator. At the receiver side, a portion of the signal power is detected and the SCM signal is recovered. The payload is DPSK encoded by using an optical phase modulator. At the receiver side, DPSK data is recovered by using a standard one-bit delay Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as demodulator followed by photodetection. The use of high bit rates favours DPSK by relaxing the tolerances for instability of the MZI demodulator and phase noise than compared to the case of operation at lower bit rates [5].III.EXPERIMENTAL SET-UPIn the experimental setup shown in Fig. 1, a distributed feed-back (DFB) laser source with an integrated EAM modulator is used for inserting a RF signal at 2 GHz with a 100 Mbit/s amplitude modulation onto the optical carrier operating at the 1555.4 nm wavelength. By using a low frequency sub-carrier we avoid the use of optical filtering for recover the SCM. Optical filtering for the SCM create constraints concerning to the alignment of the signal and the filter. The DFB section is biased at 90 mA while the Electro-Absorbtion Modulator (EAM) section is reversed biased at 50 mV. A LiNbO3 phase modulator is used to impose DPSK modulation at 10 Gbit/s using a 27–1 PRBS pattern. We employed a single photodetector receiver for DPSK detection. In Fig. 1 is shown the eye pattern of the recovered DPSK signal (without transmission over the SOA-modules shown in Fig. 1) with its corresponding Q factor. The received optical power level for this measurement was set to –18 dBm and no optical or electrical amplification was used. When no SCM is used a Q factor of 6.6 (Fig. 1a) is measured suggesting an achievable bit-error rate (BER) in the order of 10–9. As the modulation index of the SCM signal increases from m=4.0% to m=7.6% the Q value for the DPSK signal decreases from 6.6 to 5.9 for a 2 GHz RF with 100 Mbit/s AM label data. Although, a degradation of the measured Q is observed at a received optical power of –18 dBm, the receiver performance can be improved by properly selecting the modulation index of the RF signal, modulation format for the label data such as BPSK or FSK instead of AM, and by improving the DPSK receiver design including balanced detection and electrical filtering.In OLS networks, core nodes perform the function of label reading, erasure of old label and insertion of a new label to deliver the burst/packet to the next hop. Label erasure of the SCM signal may be performed by using the gain saturation effect in a SOA with a speed in the order of the sub-carrier frequency. However, during the label erasure process, the phase information should be preserved for proper DPSK detection. For the label insertion operation, an EAM may be used, similarly to the one used in our experiment for label generation. Wavelength conversion is often required in core nodes and it may be performed by phase-maintaining wavelength conversion techniques based on four-wave mixing effects. In this way the integrity of the DPSK encoded data is preserved. We have performed label erasure of a100 Mbit/s AM-SCM signal at 2 GHz by using three-SOA integrated circuit as shown in Fig. 1. The use of an SOA as eraser was predicted and mathematically developed in [7]. The net fiber-to-fiber gain of the SOA integrated chip is 6 dB. The DPSK/SCM signal after transmission over the SOA-chip is filtered for remove the SOA noise by an optical band-pass filter with a 0.73 nm 3-dB bandwidth and subsequently detected to study the label erasure capability of the SOAs and to assess the effect of the SOA introduced phase noise on the DPSK payload data. The results presented in Fig. 2 are all measured at an average received optical power of –6.2 dBm and without electrical filtering. In Fig 2a is shown the measured DPSK eye diagram with no superimposed RF signal. Fig 2.b shows the DPSK eye diagram when the 2 GHz RF is present and Fig. 2.c the case for a 100 Mbit/s AM-SCM signal with a value m=7.6%.Although the eye diagram presented in Fig. 2b, and 2c are well open, we can observe that the amplitude variations introduced by AM-SCM result in a slight closure of the eye diagram. This is attributed to the AM-SCM imposed intensity envelope on the DPSK signalas well as to added phase transitions by the SOA in response to changes in its input signal amplitude. A more detailed study should be done to quantify this effect on the performance of the proposed labeling scheme. In Fig. 2e is presented the pattern of the original 100 Mb/s AM-SCM signal. In Fig. 2f is shown the effect of transmission through the three-SOA module. As it can be seen, the AM-SCM signal is effectively suppressed. In Fig. 2d is shown the RF spectrum of the original AM-SCM and its 'erased' version after SOA transmission.IV.CONCLUSIONSWe have presented an optical label switching technique based on the use of DPSK modulation for the high-rate payload data and SCM for the label information. We have experimentally demonstrated its feasibility for 10 Gbit/s DPSK and 100 Mbit/s AM-SCM at 2 GHz label data, including label erasure by transmission through a three-SOA integrated circuit. The SOA effectively suppresses the AM-SCM signal while introducing no substantial degradation to the DPSK receiver performance. The proposed DPSK/SCM labeling scheme presents advantageous key features such as spectral efficiency, robustness against chromatic dispersion and PMD, XPM impairments.REFERENCES[1] C. Qiao, and Y.Chen, "The potentials of optical burst switching", In proceedings ofOFC, paper TuJ5, Vol. 1, 219-220, 2003.[2] Sulur, Ton Koonen, Jean Jennen, Huug de Waardt, Idelfonso Tafur Monroy, GeertMorthier, “Optical label coding by using combined ASK, DPSK and FSK modulation formats”, In proceedings of ONDM 2002.[3] D. J. Blumenthal, et al."All-optical label swapping networks and technologies",Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 18, No. 12 , 2058–2075. 2000[4] N. Chi, L. Xu, L. J. Christiansen, K. Yvind, J. Zhang, P. V. Holm-Nielsen, C.Peucheret, C. Zhang and P. Jeppesen, "Optical label swapping and packet transmission based on ASK/DPSK orthogonal modulation format in IP-over-WDM networks", In proceedings of OFC, paper FS2, Vol. 2, 792-793, 2003.[5] M. Rohde,et al., “Robustness of DPSK direct detection transmission format instandard fibre WDM systems”, Electronics Letters,Vol. 36 Issue: 17 ,1483–1484, 2000.[6] H. Bissessur, et al., ”1.6 Tbit/s (40x40 Gbit/s) DPSK transmission over 3x100 km ofTeraLight fibre with direct detection”,IEEE Electronics Lett., Vol. 39, Issue 2, 192-193, 2003.[7] M. T. Hill, et al., “Carrier recovery time in semiconductor optical amplifiers thatemploy holding beams”, Opt. Letters, nr.18, pp 1625-1627, 2002.Figure captions :Figure 1: Block diagram of the experimental set-up for DPSK/SCM labeling a) measured DPSK eye diagram for 10 Gbit/s payload data with no RF b) with 100 Mbit/s AM-SCM and m=4.0%; and c) m =7.6%.Figure 2: DPSK eye pattern after transmission through a 3 SOAs. a) without superimposed RF signal; b) with a 2 GHz RF; c) with a 2 GHz RF with 100 Mbit/s AM modulation and m=7.6%. d) Original 2 GHz RF signal with 100 Mbit/s AM. e) AM-SCM suppression after propagation through 3-SOAs and its RF signal spectrum shown in f)Figure 1Figure 2a)b)c) d)e)f)。

车载以太网测试之实锤-物理层PMA测试实践

【车载以太网案例】物理层PMA测试实践下图1为“PMA测试”的测试结果汇总图。

其中，为了验证以太网通信对线缆的敏感度，特选取两组不同特性线缆进行测试对比，果然如意料中那般，确实有“中招”的。

图1 PMA测试结果汇总设备环境组成CANoe+VN接口卡+ VT板卡+程控电源•实物如下图2•CANoe+VN接口卡的作用：DUT测试相关的状态设置和读取•VT板卡的作用：DUT供电控制及提供唤醒源•程控电源的作用：DUT供电示波器+信号发生器+测试软件R&S ScopeSuite•型号：RTO2014，实物如下图3•作用：Transmitter outpout droop、Transmitter timing jitter in MASTER mode、Transmit clock frequency、Transmitter Power Spectral Density、Peak Differential Output、Transmitter Distortion测试图3 以太网示波器RTO2014网络分析仪+软件•型号：ZND，实物如下图4•作用：MDI Return loss、MDI Mode Conversion Loss测试图4 网络分析仪ZND 测试夹具•型号：ZF2，实物如下图5•作用：接口转换、环境配置图5 测试夹具RT-ZF2 秘密武器型号：定制作用：与网络分析仪配合使用，满足对应测试被测对象组成DUT：多通道以太网节点实物如下图6：图6 被测以太网节点专用线束配置调试接口测试过程类别一：基于示波器测试内容•Check the Transmitter outpout droop•Check the Transmitter timing jitter in MASTER mode •Check the Transmit clock frequency•Check the Transmitter Power Spectral Density (PSD)•Check the Peak Differential Output•Check the Transmitter Distortion测试基本流程•测试准备：连接DUT、夹具、示波器探头、信号发生器探头•测试执行：控制器上电➔唤醒DUT➔PHY配置➔操作示波器软件（如下图7）➔获得测试数据和报告图7 测试软件类别二：基于网络分析仪测试内容•Check MDI Return Loss•Check MDI Mode Conversion Loss测试基本流程•测试准备：连接DUT、夹具、网分探头及定制模块•测试执行：校准➔控制器上电➔唤醒DUT➔PHY配置➔操作网络分析软件➔获得测试报告测试结果上述测试内容的结果参考如下图8~13：图8 Transmitter outpout droop图9 Transmitter Timing Jitter in MASTER Mode And Transmit Clock Frequency图10 Transmitter Power Spectral Density And Peak Differential Output Voltage图11 Transmitter Distortion图12：两种线束的MDI Return Loss图13：两种线束的MDI Mode Conversion Loss。

PAC8000 8851-LC-MT SafetyNet Logic Controller 说明书

PAC80008851-LC-MT GFK-2569B SafetyNet Logic Controller December 2010The 8851-LC-MT PAC8000 SafetyNet Logic Controller is used for logic control applications in an SIL2 environment. It provides:▪Subset of IEC 61131-3 languages▪Redundancy with bumpless transfer for higher availability▪Dual-redundant high-speed Ethernet connections▪Peer to peer communications between controllers▪On-line configurationProduct DocumentationPAC8000 Safety Manual 3.38000 System Specification Data SheetPAC8000 SafetyNet Data Sheet8000 I/O – 2/2 I/O Modules, General Purpose and 2/2 Applications Including SafetyNet,Instruction Manual - INM81008000 I/O – 2x I/O Modules (2/1 applications) Instruction Manual – INM8200System Specifier’s Guide – SSG8002Product documentation can be downloaded from /supportRelease InformationPAC8000 8851 firmware release 1.26 for PAC8000 8851-LC-MT SafetyNet Controller adds the following features:Update for Modbus read load balancingUpdate for the Register Protection TableFor details, see “Problems Resolved by Release 1.26” on page 2.UpdatesExisting versions of the 8851-LC-MT Controller can be upgraded to version 1.26 using upgrade kit82A1744-MS10-000-A0.Upgrade kits can be downloaded from the Support website, /support.The upgrade kit is published as a SIM for the PAC8000 Workbench programming package. After installing the SIM, firmware upgrades can be done through the Firmware Downloader utility launched from PAC8000 Workbench from PAC8000 SafetyNet controllers.GFK-2569BCompatibilityThis release replaces all previous versions of the 8851-LC-MT Controller firmware.Subject Description PAC8000 WorkbenchVersion RequirementsTo support all features of 01.26, Workbench 8.3.0 SP1 or later is required.Upgrading From PreviousFirmware VersionsVersion 1.x PAC8000 SafetyNet controllers can be upgraded to release 1.26.Downgrade To Previous Firmware Versions Downgrading from release 1.26 to previous releases of 1.x is supported for PAC8000 SafetyNet controllers.Problems Resolved by Release 1.26Subject Configuration DescriptionA Clean Flash command cleared only the Master Duplex A Clean Flash command was processed only by the master controller. This had no impact on operation.Modbus read load balancing on Duplex SafetyNet Duplex In previous releases, large numbers of Modbus reads couldcause the master to abort or the standby to refresh in duplexsystems. This could exhibit in multiple ways:The master would abort and record an “Abort by otherprocessor” log event. The standby would record an “Abortmaster, rendezvous timeout xx ms at <xxxxxx>” event.The master would record multiple Inter AXE Link Eventssuch as “IAL incomplete Rx standby diag [3] size 2 bytes”and “Inter AXE Link failed: retries Tx 0, Rx 1”. Finally a“Force standby, Inter AXE Link failed” event would berecorded and the standby would refresh.The master would record a “Forced other, railbus mismatch”event and the standby would refresh.This issue is corrected in this release.Handling of differences between RTC and CPU date/time Simplex,DuplexIn previous releases under heavy communication load or, rarelyunder normal load, a controller could abort with a log eventindicating “TmrPIT FIT Interrupt rate.” This was due to anincorrect diagnostic check in the controller and has now beencorrected.RTOS did not manage the rollover of time-sliceup-counter correctly Simplex,DuplexIn previous releases a rollover of an internal clock could result ina controller aborting. The event log would indicate, “Abort due toSpvTaskTimeout” for either a UDP or TCP task.The clock rollover occurs at approximately 13 months from thelast reset or power cycle.Strategy download caused Task Timeout Projects containing Safe ISaGRAF strategies and with several thousand tags mapped into the Discrete Control Interface were failing during the Strategy download due to task timeouts. The building of the Register Protection Table (RPT) was changed to better handle these projects.The following error message appeared in the controller event log: “Abort due to SpvTaskTimeout”ISaGRAF debugger sometimes failed to start correctly Simplex,DuplexThe ISaGRAF debugger did not reliably connect to the controller.In these cases, no log message was generated in the controllerlog, and the ISaGRAF debugger indicated a failure or aconnection was not obtained.GFK-2569B Restrictions and Open IssuesSubject Configuration Description8811 Module driver Simplex, Duplex For channels configured to output single pulses, multiple outputpulses can be seen if the pulse length is set below the time ofthe execution cycle of the controller.RECOVERY: None.The pulse duration should normally be substantially longer thanthe execution cycle. A technical note that recommendsappropriate values is available on the Support website,/support.SpvTaskTimeout during sporadic Peer to Peer communications Duplex The SpvTask Timeout may occur on a duplex controller withpeer-to-peer communications starting and stopping, and whilecreating ISaGRAF TCP socket after firmware download andclean flash.The controller event log may contain errors such as thefollowing:00349 0000464.329 00 B ! !Abort due to SpvTaskTimeouttask !EXEC 0x27RECOVERY: Controller returns to healthy master after thereset due to the abort.Debugger locking up Simplex, Duplex The ISaGRAF debugger locks up under certain conditions. Toavoid this problem, only use the ISaGRAF debugger in Configmode. Stop the ISaGRAF debugger when going to Safe modeand do not attempt a connection while the controller is in safemode.RECOVERY: Power cycle the controller(s).Controller aborts during Register Mapping Table download Simplex, Duplex While downloading the Register Mapping Table or the Reg Init Values, the controller aborts with message:"Abort due to RtosAlloc NU_Allocate_MemoryNU_INVALID_MEMORY"RECOVERY: Controller successfully resets after the abort andreturns to healthy master or request standby depending on itspartner controller's state.Downloaded rejected with a CSC_CORRUPT error on peer to peer table Simplex, Duplex Strategy download may be abandoned while downloading the Peer-to-Peer Table with both master and standby offline.PAC8000 Workbench logs the following error in the MicrosoftEvent Log: "Download Failure: Request to AXE timed out -Download failed for the following reason: Load RIT: CRC doesnot match". The controller log also contains the message"Download Peer to Peer Table CSC_CORRUPT."RECOVERY: Re-download the strategyGFK-2569BSubject Configuration DescriptionInvalid data when using packed discrete points in Modbus master Simplex, Duplex When the PAC8000 controller is used as a Modbus Master and an option other than “No Packing” is selected from theWorkBench, the controller could return erroneous Modbusvalues to the slave. The issue occurs only for discrete Modbusregisters.This issue occurs on the standard controller withfirmware v2.x, RTU with firmware v2.11, and safety controllerwith firmware 1.1x and above.RECOVERY: To avoid this issue select the “No Packing”option on the “Map Remote Device Points” dialog in theWorkBench. This would ensure that the issue is notencountered.For complete information on this issue refer to Field ServiceBulletin 100929.Insertion of standby controller causes master abort Duplex On rare occasions, inserting an unpowered standby controllerinto a carrier with an operating master may cause the master toabort and go into failsafe. If this occurs, the master will recordan "Abort due to SpvTaskTimeout task" in the event log.RECOVERY: If this occurs, power cycle the controller to causethe master to exit failsafe and resume normal operation. Themaster can also be commanded to exit failsafe via softwaretools such as the IO or Network Configurator. After the masteris healthy, power can be applied to the standby controller.Removing power to one controller may cause the second controller to abort Duplex On rare occasions, in duplex systems removing power to either the master or standby controller may cause the master to abortand go into failsafe. If this occurs, the controller in failsafe willrecord an “Abort due to PiReadStateFlags Unstable” in theevent log.This issue occurs on units with a date code of 11/3/10 orlater.RECOVERY: If this occurs, power cycle the controller to causethe master to exit failsafe and resume normal operation. Themaster can also be commanded to exit failsafe via softwaretools such as the IO or Network Configurator. .GFK-2569BOperational NotesSubject Configuration DescriptionAbort after strategy download Simplex, Duplex Abort due to SpvTaskTimeout task may occur after strategydownload of a project with a long execution cycle time.The controller event log may contain errors such as thefollowing:01835 0000507.070 00 B !08:14:53~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~01836 0000507.070 00 B ! !Abort due to SpvTaskTimeouttask !EXEC 0x2701837 0000507.070 00 B !08:14:53~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~01838 0000507.070 00 B ! Exec: 1st control package HISRSYSTEM H01839 0000507.070 00 B ! Active Task !EXECRECOVERY: Download a new strategy with shorter executioncycle time.GFK-2569BCompliance InformationFor detailed installation and operating procedures, refer to the user manual for the module.Hazardous Locations• Factory Mutual, Class 1, Div 2, Groups A, B, C, D hazardous locations with Temperature Code T4 Refer to Control Drawings SCI-701 and SCI-1004 for the PAC8000 8811-IO-DC module.Refer to Control Drawings SCI-701 and SCI-956 for the PAC8000 8851 Controller • ATEX II 3 G, Ex nA nL IIC T4 for the PAC8000 8811-IO-DC moduleATEX II 3 G, Ex nL IIC T4 for the PAC8000 8851 Controller• CSA, Class 1, Div 2, Groups A, B, C, D hazardous locations with Temperature Code T4 Refer to Control Drawings SCI-702 and SCI-1005 for the PAC8000 8811-IO-DC module.Refer to Control Drawings SCI-702 and SCI-957 for the PAC8000 8851 ControllerFunctional Safety• TUV Rheinland Safety Related Programmable Electronic System – suitable for safety related applications up to SIL 2.Applicable Standards• FM Approvals: FM 3600, FM 3611, FM 3810• ATEX Approvals: EN 60079-15:2005• CSA Approvals: C22.2 No. 0-M91, C22.2 No. 142-M1987, C22.2 No. 213-M1987• TUV Rheinland: IEC 61508, IEC 61511, EN 50156-1, NFPA 85, EN 61131-2, EN 61010-1,IEC 61326-1, EN 54-2, NFPA 72。

Agilent Technologies 1690系列逻辑分析仪快速安装指南说明书

19811690-Series Logic AnalyzersQuick Start/InstallationInstallation2Making a measurement4Snap to Edge Markers6Left-Click Menus7Tree Structure Labels7Offline Analysis8Marker Overview8Tool Tips8Trigger History9Probing10Proper Cooling10Self-Test11Software Installation and Upgrades12Specifications and Characteristics13Safety Notices15Agilent TechnologiesInstallationYou will need to install an Agilent E5851A IEEE 1394 card and the AgilentLogic Analyzer application software on your PC.PC System Requirements:• 1.0 GHz minimum, Intel Pentium® 3, AMD Athlon K7 or better.•512M RAM.•Windows® 2000 Professional or Windows XP Professional installed.•100M minimum available hard disk space.Windows XP will not prompt you if the IEEE 1394 card is not properlyinstalled. Follow the instructions that came with the Agilent E5851A IEEE1394 Connection Kit and your PC’s documentation to:•Install the IEEE 1394 card in any available slot in your PC.•Load logic analyzer application software.•Connect the logic analyzer to your PC.•Install ferrite to ensure radio frequency interference compliance.Refer to the online help in the logic analyzer for information on using theanalyzer.21690-Series Quick Start/InstallationSnap the accessories pouch to the top of the 1690-series logic analyzer. Use itto store probe leads, accessories, or manuals. Use the tie-down straps underthe flap to conveniently hold pod cables not in use or during transport.Accessories Pouch (top flap)Pod CablesTie-down StrapsSnaps (4)1690-Series Quick Start/Installation341690-Series Quick Start/InstallationMaking a measurement1Start up the logic analyzer, connect to your target system, and select Setup>Bus/Signal .2Assign buses and signals and click OK.1690-Series Quick Start/Installation 53Enter a trigger value.4Acquire and view data.Snap to Edge MarkersYou can set the markers to jump to the nearest edge of a waveform. A yellowtarget will show which edge the marker will jump to.61690-Series Quick Start/InstallationLeft-Click MenusDrag a box around parts of the data. When you release the mouse button, amenu appears.Tree Structure LabelsShow individual signals in buses by clicking on the + to expand.1690-Series Quick Start/Installation7Offline AnalysisInstall the Agilent Logic Analyzer application on another Windows XP orWindows 2000 computer and you can analyze data without the 1690-serieslogic analyzer.1Follow the instructions in “Software Installation and Upgrades"on page12 to load the 1690-series logic analyzer software on your PC.2Acquire a trace with the logic analyzer.3Save a configuration file with data.4Copy the file to the PC being used for offline analysis.5From the Agilent Logic Analyzer application software on your PC, open the configuration file.Marker OverviewThe marker overview display shows marker locations within the data and thepart of data currently being displayed.Tool TipsPause the cursor over a tool Icon and a ‘Tool Tip Window” will appear.81690-Series Quick Start/Installation1690-Series Quick Start/Installation 9Trigger HistorySave and recall trigger settings.ProbingProbing is the key to effective and efficient use of logic analyzers. AgilentTechnologies offers a wide variety of probing accessories that supportgeneral-purpose and application-specific measurement needs. We providereliable, electrically and mechanically unobtrusive probes that make it easy toconnect your Agilent logic analyzer to your system under test. For moreinformation on Agilent probes:•See the quick reference card that came with your logic analysis system for an overview of probing solutions.•Go to /find/logic_analyzer_probes for the most up-to-date information on probe compatibility with a given logic analyzer andpurchasing information.•Go to and search for Probing Solutions for LogicAnalyzers (publication 5968-4632E) for a catalog of detailed probinginformation.To connect and set up a probe, follow the instructions in the User’s Guide thatcame with the probe.Proper CoolingAllow at least 5 cm (2 inches) of space between instruments for propercooling.5 cm (2 inches)5 cm (2 inches)101690-Series Quick Start/InstallationSelf-TestTo run self-tests go to Help>Self Testand then select the desired test.1690-Series Quick Start/Installation11121690-Series Quick Start/InstallationSoftware Installation and UpgradesTo install the Agilent Logic Analyzer application, insert the applicationsoftware CD into the PC’s CD drive. Follow the steps in the Install Wizard.Installing the logic analyzer application on another Windows XP or Windows2000 computer allows you to analyze data without the logic analyzer.Logic analyzer product CDs can be ordered from this web-site:/LogicAnalyzerSWTo be notified when software upgrades are available for downloading from theweb, please sign up for e-mail notifications at:/find/emailupdatesSpecifications and CharacteristicsThe following electrical and operating characteristics are not specifications,but are typical operating characteristics for the Agilent1690-series logicanalyzers.Electrical CharacteristicsPower Requirements Frame: 115/230 Vac +/- 20%, 48-66Hz, 610W Max CAT II (Line voltage in appliance and to wall outlet) Pollution degree 2Ferrites In order to ensure compliance of the Agilent 1680-series logicanalyzers to the CISPR 11 Class A radio frequency interference (RFI)limits, you must install the ferrite to absorb radio frequency energy.Adding or removing ferrites will not affect the normal operation of theanalyzer.Environmental Characteristics (Operating)Temperature Instrument: 0° to + 50° C (+32° to +122° F)Disk Media: 10° to + 40° C (+50° to +104° F)Probes/cables: 0° to + 65° C (+32° to +149° F)Altitude3,000 m (10,000 ft)Humidity Relative humidity 8 to 80% at 40° C (104° F). Avoid sudden, extremetemperature changes which could cause condensation on the circuitboard.For indoor use only.1690-Series Quick Start/Installation13141690-Series Quick Start/InstallationMore specifications and characteristics for your instrument and measurement modules are in the on-line help. To find them go to:1Click Help>Help Topics .2Click Reference>Specifications and Characteristics.Safety NoticesThis apparatus has been designed and tested in accordance with IECPublication 1010, Safety Requirements for Measuring Apparatus, and has beensupplied in a safe condition. This is a Safety Class I instrument (provided withterminal for protective earthing). Before applying power, verify that thecorrect safety precautions are taken (see the following warnings). In addition,note the external markings on the instrument that are described under "SafetySymbols."Warnings•Before turning on the instrument, you must connect the protective earth terminal of the instrument to the protective conductor of the (mains) powercord. The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided witha protective earth contact. You must not negate the protective action byusing an extension cord (power cable) without a protective conductor(grounding). Grounding one conductor of a two-conductor outlet is notsufficient protection.•Only fuses with the required rated current, voltage, and specified type(normal blow, time delay, etc.) should be used. Do not use repaired fuses orshort-circuited fuse holders. To do so could cause a shock or fire hazard.•If you energize this instrument by an auto transformer (for voltagereduction or mains isolation), the common terminal must be connected tothe earth terminal of the power source.•Whenever it is likely that the ground protection is impaired, you must make the instrument inoperative and secure it against any unintended operation.•Service instructions are for trained service personnel. To avoid dangerous electric shock, do not perform any service unless qualified to do so. Do notattempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable ofrendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.•Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the instrument.•Capacitors inside the instrument may retain a charge even if theinstrument is disconnected from its source of supply.1690-Series Quick Start/Installation15•Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gasses or fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environmentconstitutes a definite safety hazard.•Do not use the instrument in a manner not specified by the manufacturer.•To optimize your comfort and productivity, it is important that you set up your work area correctly and use your equipment properly. Refer to/quality/Working_In_Comfort.pdf for set-up anduse recommendations•Position equipment so that it is not difficult to disconnect the power cord.To clean the instrumentIf the instrument requires cleaning:1Remove power from the instrument.2Clean the external surfaces of the instrument with a soft cloth dampened with a mixture of mild detergent and water.3Make sure that the instrument is completely dry before reconnecting it to a power source.Safety SymbolsInstruction manual symbol: the product is marked with this symbol when it is !necessary for you to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect against damage to the product.Hazardous voltage symbol.Earth terminal symbol: Used to indicate a circuit common connected togrounded chassis.© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2004Printed in Malaysia March 2004*01690-97005*Manual part number 01690-97005Agilent Technologies。

PMA测试工具的使用介绍

PMA测试工具的使用说明文档文件名称PMA测试工具的使用说明文档文件说明无版本记录PMA测试工具的使用目录一、模拟串口通讯设备（CDT主子站的模拟、Modbus规约等，本文仅以CDT主站做说明）1、打开PMA程序，选择文件→协议配置→CDT循环规约（根据实际规约选择），根据实际地址设置源地址，目的地址。

如图1-1,1-2图1-1图1-22、选择好规约后，配置与之通讯时用到的串口。

端口配置→串口设定，如图2-1图2-13、配置模拟的模式，选择运行模式→（主站、子站），如图3-1图3-14、配置完以上设置后，就可以连接设备。

查看和分析报文。

如图4-1图4-1出现以下报文表示连接成功，如图4-2所示：图4-2其他串口规约配置基本与此相同。

二、模拟网络通讯设备（本文仅IEC870-5-104规约模拟主站做说明）1、打开PMA程序，选择文件→协议配置→IEC870-104规约（根据实际规约选择）出现下图所示配置窗口，按实际主、从站地址填写。

如图1-1、1-2图1-1图1-22、配置模拟的模式，选择运行模式→（主站、子站），如图2-1图2-13、配置完以上设置后，就可以连接设备。

查看和分析报文。

如图3-1图3-1配置完成后，选择模拟主站还是从站，在选择连接。

出现主站发送及子站发送的报文，表示连接成功，可以根据报文分析查看上送的数据是否正确。

三、IEC870-5-104规约模拟主站1、打开PMA程序，选择文件→协议配置→IEC870-103规约（根据实际规约选择）出现下图所示配置窗口，按实际主、从站地址填写。

如图1-1、1-2101用于串口通调度，属于远动规约104是101的网络版103有串口的有以太网的，不是通调度的，是通保护装置的，属于继电保护规约图1-1图1-2链路地址（LA）就是用来区分链路的地址，不是IP地址公共地址(COA)是用来区分此链路上不同的子站2、配置模拟的模式，选择运行模式→（主站、子站），如图2-1图2-13、配置完以上设置后，就可以连接设备。

Cheng Hao,2009,Lithos

Transitional time of oceanic to continental subduction in the Dabie orogen:Constraints from U –Pb,Lu –Hf,Sm –Nd and Ar –Ar multichronometric datingHao Cheng a ,b ,⁎,Robert L.King c ,Eizo Nakamura b ,Jeffrey D.Vervoort c ,Yong-Fei Zheng d ,Tsutomu Ota b ,Yuan-Bao Wu e ,Katsura Kobayashi b ,Zu-Yi Zhou aaState Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,ChinabInstitute for Study of the Earth's Interior,Okayama University at Misasa,Tottori 682-0193,Japan cSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Washington State University,Pullman,Washington 99164,USA dCAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments,School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China eState Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,Faculty of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Chinaa b s t r a c ta r t i c l e i n f o Article history:Received 22August 2008Accepted 9January 2009Available online 8February 2009Keywords:Continental subduction Dabie EclogiteGeochronologyOceanic subduction Tectonic transitionWe investigated the oceanic-type Xiongdian high-pressure eclogites in the western part of the Dabie orogen with combined U –Pb,Lu –Hf,Sm –Nd and Ar –Ar geochronology.Three groups of weighted-mean 206Pb/238U ages at 315±5,373±4and 422±7Ma are largely consistent with previous dates.In contrast,Lu –Hf and Sm –Nd isochron dates yield identical ages of 268.9±6.9and 271.3±5.3Ma.Phengite and amphibole Ar –Ar total fusion analyses give Neoproterozoic apparent ages,which are geologically meaningless due to the presence of excess 40Ar.Plagioclase inclusions in zircon cores suggest that the Silurian ages likely represent protolith ages,whereas the Carboniferous ages correspond to prograde metamorphism,based on the compositions of garnet inclusions.Despite weakly-preserved prograde major-and trace element zoning in garnet,a combined textural and compositional study reveals that the consistent Lu –Hf and Sm –Nd ages of ca.270Ma record a later event of garnet growth and thus mark the termination of high-pressure eclogite –facies metamorphism.The new U –Pb,Lu –Hf and Sm –Nd ages suggest a model of continuous processes from oceanic to continental subduction,pointing to the onset of prograde metamorphism prior to ca.315Ma for the subduction of oceanic crust,while the peak eclogite –facies metamorphic episode is constrained to between ca.315and 270Ma.Thus,the initiation of continental subduction is not earlier than ca.270Ma.©2009Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionSubduction zones are essential to the dynamic evolution of the earth's surface due to plate tectonics.Subduction of oceanic and continental crust eventually leads to closure of backarc basins and arc-continent and continent-continent collisions (O'Brien,2001;Ernst,2005;Zheng et al.,2008),forming various types of high-pressure (HP)and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP)metamorphic rocks.Subduction of oceanic lithosphere causes a complex continuum of diagenetic and metamorphic reactions;many kilometres of oceanic lithosphere are ultimately consumed prior to the subsequent continental slab subduction and collision.Subducted continental slabs that detach from the oceanic lithosphere that was dragging them into the mantle are expected to rapidly rise to Moho depths because of their positive buoyancy.Thus,studying subducted oceanic crust in subduction zones can provide clues to the incorporation rate of supercrustal materialinto the mantle and can shed light on the initiation of successive continental subduction.Determining a geochronological framework for determining the sequence and duration of oceanic to continental subduction and HP and UHP metamorphism plays an essential role in this respect.Zircon has long been recognized as a promising geochronometer of the U –Pb decay system because of its refractory nature,commonly preserved growth zones and mineral inclusions within a single grain.Recent developments in analytical techniques allow us to unravel a wealth of information contained in zircons with respect to their growth history and thus the prograde and retrograde metamorphic evolution of the host rock (Gebauer,1996;Wu et al.,2006;Zheng et al.,2007).The Lu –Hf garnet technique has been applied to constrain the prograde and high-temperature histories of metamorphic belts (e.g.,Duchêne et al.,1997;Blichert-Toft and Frei,2001;Anczkiewicz et al.,2004,2007;Lagos et al.,2007;Kylander-Clark et al.,2007;Cheng et al.,2008a )because of its high closure temperature (Dodson,1973;Scherer et al.,2000)and the fact that garnet strongly partitions Lu over Hf,resulting in a high parent/daughter ratio (Otamendi et al.,2002).Combined with Sm –Nd age determination,the Lu –Hf garnet geochronometer can potentially be used to estimate the duration ofLithos 110(2009)327–342⁎Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China.Tel.:+862165982358;fax:+862165984906.E-mail address:chenghao@ (H.Cheng).0024-4937/$–see front matter ©2009Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.01.013Contents lists available at ScienceDirectLithosj ou r n a l h o m e pa g e :ww w.e l s ev i e r.c o m/l o c a t e /l i t h o sFig.1.Simpli ﬁed geologic map of the Huwan mélange area (b)in southern Dabie orogen (a),modi ﬁed after Ye et al.(1993)and Liu et al.(2004b),showing the sample localities for the Xiongdian eclogite.References:asterisk,this study;[1],Ratschbacher et al.(2006);[2],Jahn et al.(2005);[3],Liu et al.(2004a);[4],Eide et al.(1994);[5],Webb et al.(1999);[6],Xu et al.(2000);[7],Ye et al.(1993);[8],Sun et al.(2002);[9],Jian et al.(1997);[10],Jian et al.(2000);[11],Gao et al.(2002);[12],Li et al.(2001);[13],Wu et al.(2008).amp —amphibole;brs —barroisite;phen —phengite;zrn —zircon.328H.Cheng et al./Lithos 110(2009)327–342garnet growth,which either reﬂects early prograde metamorphism (Lapen et al.,2003),exhumation(Cheng et al.,2009)or a particular garnet growth stage(Skora et al.,2006).Dating the exhumation of high-pressure(HP)and ultra-high-pressure(UHP)metamorphic rocks by conventional step-heating Ar–Ar technique was largely hampered and discredited due to the presence of excess/inherited argon(Li et al.,1994;Kelley,2002).However,the Ar–Ar geochron-ometer remains irreplaceable in constraining the exhumation of HP/ UHP metamorphic rocks because of its intermediate closure tempera-ture.Nevertheless,timing must be integrated with textures and petrology in order to quantify the dynamics of geological processes, whichever geochronological method is used.During the past two decades,considerable progress has been made in constraining the prograde metamorphism and exhumation of HP/ UHP metamorphism of the Dabie–Sulu orogen by a variety of geochronological methods,indicating a Triassic collision between the South China and North China Blocks(e.g.,Eide et al.,1994;Ames et al., 1996;Rowley et al.,1997;Hacker et al.,1998;Li et al.,2000,2004; Zheng et al.,2004).The initiation of continental subduction is pinned to ca.245Ma(Hacker et al.,2006;Liu et al.,2006a;Wu et al.,2006; Cheng et al.,2008a),but the exact time is poorly constrained.On the other hand,theﬁngerprints of early continental subduction may not be preserved in continental-type metamorphic rocks due to the succes-sive high-temperature prograde and retrograde overprints.Alterna-tively,the timing of initiation of continental subduction subsequent to the termination of oceanic subduction may be registered in the HP/ UHP eclogites,whose protoliths are of oceanic origin.Currently,the only outcropping candidate is the Xiongdian HP eclogite in the western part of the Dabie orogen(Li et al.,2001;Fu et al.,2002).However,U–Pb zircon ages ranging from216±4to449±14Ma have been obtained for the Xiongdian eclogite(Jian et al.,1997;Sun et al.,2002;Gao et al., 2002);the geological signiﬁcance of this age spread is controversial. Efforts to clarify the geochronological evolution of the Xiongdian eclogite were hampered by a much older Sm–Nd garnet-whole-rock isochron of533±13Ma(Ye et al.,1993)and the fact that further Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr analyses failed to produce mineral isochrons(Li et al., 2001;Jahn et al.,2005),although oxygen isotopic equilibrium was largely attained(Jahn et al.,2005).Here,we present a combined U–Pb,Lu–Hf,Sm–Nd,Ar–Ar and oxygen multi-isotopic and mineral chemical study of the Xiongdian eclogite.The differences in these systems,in conjunction with chemical proﬁles in garnet porphyroblasts and zircons,provide a window into the time-scales of the oceanic subduction and sub-sequent exhumation.2.Geochronological background and sample descriptionsThe Qinling–Dabie–Sulu orogen in east-central China marks the junction between the North and South China Blocks(Cong,1996; Zheng et al.,2005).The western part of the Dabie orogen,usually termed the West Dabie and sometimes the Hong'an terrane,is separated from the Tongbaishan in the west by the Dawu Fault and from the East Dabie by the Shangma fault in the east(Fig.1a).It contains a progressive sequence of metamorphic zones characterized by increasing metamorphic grade,from transitional blueschist–greenschist in the south,through epidote–amphibolite and quartz eclogite,to coesite eclogite in the north(e.g.,Zhou et al.,1993;Hacker et al.,1998;Liu et al.,2004b,2006b).The Xiongdian eclogites crop out in the northwestern corner of the West Dabie,in the Xiongdian mélange within the Huwan mélange after the deﬁnition of Ratschba-cher et al.(2006),in analogy to the terms of the Sujiahe mélange(Jian et al.,1997)and Huwan shear zone(Sun et al.,2002).The Huwan mélange consists of eclogite,gabbro,amphibolite,marble,and quartzite.The eclogitic metamorphic peak for the Xiongdian eclogite is estimated at600–730°C,1.4–1.9GPa(Fu et al.,2002),550–570°C,∼2.1GPa(Liu et al.,2004b)and540–600°C,∼2.0GPa(Ratschbacher et al.,2006),followed by retrogression at530–685°C and∼0.6GPa (Fu et al.,2002).Except for the Xiongdian eclogite,consistent Triassic metamorphic ages have been obtained for other eclogites across the West Dabie (Webb et al.,1999;Sun et al.,2002;Liu et al.,2004a;Wu et al.,2008). This indicates that West Dabie is largely a coherent part of an HP–UHP belt elsewhere in the Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt.Geochronological debate is limited to the Xiongdian eclogite(Fig.1b).U–Pb zircon ages ranging from ca.216to ca.449Ma have been obtained for the Xiongdian eclogite.Jian et al.(1997)reported ca.400,ca.373and 301±0.6Ma ages by ID–TIMS method.Weighted-mean SHRIMP ages range from335±2to424±5Ma(Jian et al.,2000).The Silurian U–Pb zircon ages were interpreted as the age of the protolith,while the Carboniferous ages mark high-pressure metamorphism(Jian et al., 1997,2000).Weighted-mean206Pb/238U SHRIMP U–Pb zircons ages of 433±9,367±10and398±5Ma were interpreted as the protolith age,while323±7and312±5Ma likely date the high-pressure metamorphism(Sun et al.,2002).A Triassic age of216±4Ma together with449±14and307±14Ma weighted-mean206Pb/238U SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages appear to argue for the involvement of the Triassic subduction in the Xiongdian eclogite(Gao et al.,2002).A garnet-whole-rock Sm–Nd isochron of533±13Ma(Ye et al.,1993)was interpreted to reﬂect the high-pressure metamorphism age.Several Table1Chemical compositions of the Xiongdian eclogite from the western Dabie.Sample number DB17DB18(Major oxides in%)SiO254.5452.45 TiO20.370.43 Al2O314.6212.35 Fe2O38.7710.15 MnO0.150.16 MgO 6.669.91 CaO10.3510.26 Na2O 2.88 2.65 K2O0.600.28 P2O50.060.05 Cr2O3⁎6601118 NiO⁎137247 L.O.I0.87 1.28 Total99.95100.11 (Trace elements in ppm)Li27.627.0 Be0.560.47 Rb9.7813.8 Sr178130Y12.612.7 Cs0.89 3.67 Ba86552.4 La 2.21 1.77 Ce 5.97 5.12 Pr0.880.80 Nd 4.35 4.10 Sm 1.25 1.26 Eu0.470.39 Gd 1.53 1.52 Tb0.280.29 Dy 1.83 1.91 Ho0.410.42 Er 1.14 1.19 Tm0.190.19 Yb 1.31 1.34 Lu0.200.20 Pb 6.44 1.85 Th0.050.07 U0.110.06 Zr28.828.2 Nb 1.19 1.77 Hf0.870.88 Ta0.050.08⁎In ppm.329H.Cheng et al./Lithos110(2009)327–342Sm –Nd and Rb –Sr analyses failed to produces isochrons (Li et al.,2001;Jahn et al.,2005),which was believed to be due to unequilibrated isotopic systems despite the fact that oxygen isotopic equilibrium was largely attained (Jahn et al.,2005).Phengite 40Ar/39Ar ages of ca.430–350Ma have been explained as the retrograde metamorphic age (Xu et al.,2000).The 310±3Ma phengite 40Ar/39Ar age (Webb et al.,1999)is likely geologically meaningless due to the concave-upward age spectrum,indicating the presence of excess argon.Collectively,existing geochronology provides an apparently con ﬂicting picture for the Xiongdian eclogites.The timing of the oceanic crust subduction and exhumation essentially remains to be resolved.The two eclogites examined in this study were selected based on their mineral assemblages,inclusion types and geological context (Fig.1).The one (DB17)from the east bank of the river to the east of Xiongdian village is a coarse-grained and strongly foliated banded eclogite,composed mainly of garnet,omphacite and phengite.A second (DB18)eclogite was sampled about 50m to the north of DB17and is strongly foliated with a similar mineralogy assemblage but smaller garnet grains.3.MethodsSample preparation,mineral separation and chemical procedures for isotope analysis,instrumentation and standard reference materials used to determine whole rock and bulk mineral compositions,in situ major and trace element analyses (Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior,Okayama University at Misasa,Japan),zircon U –Pb isotope and trace element analyses (China University of Geosciences in Wuhan),Lu –Hf and Sm –Nd isotope analyses (Washington State University),Ar –Ar isotope analyses (Guangzhou Institute of Geo-chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences)and oxygen isotope analyses (University of Science and Technology of China)are described in the Appendix .4.Results4.1.Bulk chemical compositionThe Xiongdian eclogites are mainly of basaltic composition,but they show a wide range of major and trace element abundances.Despite the high SiO 2(52–58%)and low TiO 2(0.32–0.43%)contents,Fig.2.Whole rock chemical analysis data.(a)Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of the Xiongdian eclogites.(b)Primitive-mantle-normalized spidergrams of the Xiongdianeclogites.Fig.3.Backscattered-electron images and rim-to-rim major-element compositional zoning pro ﬁles of representative garnets in the matrix and as inclusions in zircon.Amp —amphibole;Ap —apatite;Cal —calcite;Cpx —clinopyroxene;Zo —zoisite;Phen —phengite;Omp —omphacite;Qtz —quartz;Zrn —zircon.330H.Cheng et al./Lithos 110(2009)327–342they have MgO=5.1–9.9%,Cr=430–1118ppm,Ni=88–247ppm (Table 1;Li et al.,2001;Fu et al.,2002;Jahn et al.,2005).In contrast to existing LREE-enriched chondritic REE patterns,our samples have rather ﬂat REE patterns around ten times more chondritic abundances with small,both negative and positive Eu anomalies (Fig.2a).Rubidium is depleted and Sr displays enrichment with respect to Ce.Both negative and no Nb anomalies relative to La were observed (Fig.2b).The N-MORB-normalized value of Th is around 0.5,lower than previous reported values of up to 25(Li et al.,2001).4.2.Petrography and mineral compositionThe Xiongdian eclogites occur as thin layers intercalated with dolomite –plagioclase gneiss and phengite –quartz schist (Fu et al.,2002),mainly consisting of garnet,omphacite,epidote (clinozoisite),phengite and minor amphibole,quartz and kyanite (Fig.3).Zircons were observed both as inclusions in garnet porphyroblasts and in the matrix.The samples have similar mineral assemblages,but differ in modal compositions.Omphacite (X Jd =0.46–0.48)is unzoned.Phengite has 3.30–3.32Si apfu and ∼0.4wt.%TiO 2.Garnets range in size from 0.5to 5mm in diameter,either as porphyroblasts or as coalesced polycrystals,mostly with idioblastic shapes with inclusions of quartz,calcite,apatite and omphacite (Fig.3).Garnet is largely homogeneous (Prp 24–25Alm 49–50Grs 24–25Sps 1.5–1.9),but shows a slightly Mn-enriched core (Fig.3d;Table 2).HREEs in large garnet porphyroblasts,such as Yb and Lu,display weak but continuous decreases in concentration from core to rim (Fig.4a),mimicking the MnO zoning pattern,which could be explained by their high af ﬁnity for garnet and likely arises from an overall Rayleigh distillation process during early garnet growth (Hollister,1966;Otamendi et al.,2002).However,the limited variation in MREE concentrations,such as Sm and Nd,in garnet with respect to the weak zoning in HREE (Fig.4a)might be explained by growth in an environment where MREEs are not limited and continuously supplied by the breakdown of other phases.Hafnium has a fairly ﬂat pro ﬁle (Table 3),re ﬂecting its incompatible character in garnet and absence of Hf-competing reactions involved in garnet growth.Two distinct domains can be de ﬁned in the large garnet porphyroblasts based on the chemical zoning and the abundance of inclusions.These zones are an inclusion-rich core with richer Mn and HREE and an inclusion-free rim with poorer Mn and HREE (Fig.3d).The inclusion-free rim for individual garnet has a rather similar width of 200–250μm (Fig.3).Although concentrations of Nd (0.22–0.41ppm)and Sm (0.33–0.48ppm)vary within single garnet grains,the Sm/Nd ratios (0.8–2.2)are consistentTable 2Representative major-element data of the garnets,omphacites,phengites,amphiboles and zoisites.(wt.%)Grt Omp RimCore Inclusions-in-zircon Rim Core SiO 238.6838.6438.6638.5338.6538.6637.8637.7555.9356.1256.1356.20TiO 20.050.060.050.050.050.050.050.080.120.110.110.11Al 2O 321.9221.9422.0721.9921.9921.8421.6821.8611.2611.2211.3311.26FeO ⁎22.9823.0523.0623.1623.0523.1124.4224.33 4.25 4.23 4.32 4.27MnO 0.680.720.790.880.750.680.990.930.030.020.030.02MgO 6.37 6.38 6.28 6.31 6.36 6.35 4.23 4.748.158.027.968.13CaO 9.108.949.028.929.038.9910.579.5013.2213.3613.3213.34Na 2O 0.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.01 6.65 6.41 6.39 6.42K 2O 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Total 99.8099.7799.9699.8799.9199.7199.8299.2199.6099.6099.7099.87O.N.12121212121212126666Si 2.986 2.984 2.981 2.975 2.980 2.988 2.958 2.962 1.996 2.010 2.010 2.007Al 1.994 1.997 2.006 2.001 1.999 1.990 1.997 2.0210.4740.4730.4780.474Ti 0.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0050.0030.0030.0030.003Fe 2+ 1.486 1.491 1.489 1.499 1.489 1.496 1.596 1.5990.1270.1270.1290.128Mn 0.0440.0470.0520.0580.0490.0440.0660.0620.0010.0010.0010.001Mg 0.7330.7350.7220.7260.7310.7320.4930.5540.4340.4280.4250.433Ca 0.7530.7400.7450.7380.7460.7440.8850.7980.5060.5130.5110.511Na 0.0040.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0030.0020.4600.4450.4430.445K0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000Phn Amp Zo RimCore Rim Core Mantle Core SiO 248.8649.0949.3349.0147.0847.0746.7246.7539.0538.9239.0239.02TiO 20.400.410.410.400.220.220.220.220.130.130.130.12Al 2O 329.0328.6829.0129.1912.6612.8112.5812.6228.5528.2128.7328.62FeO ⁎ 1.99 1.99 2.00 1.9711.6011.4811.4611.36 6.01 6.01 6.03 6.07MnO 0.000.000.000.010.100.090.090.090.050.050.060.05MgO 2.79 2.77 2.78 2.8012.2012.4712.4412.300.070.060.070.07CaO 0.010.010.010.019.9710.0910.0710.1024.1023.8624.1324.14Na 2O 0.930.920.920.91 2.79 2.77 2.82 2.830.000.000.000.00K 2O 10.009.919.819.780.480.470.470.470.000.000.000.00Total 94.0293.7894.2894.0997.0997.4996.8896.7697.9697.2498.1698.09O.N.111111112323232312.512.512.512.5Si 3.302 3.323 3.318 3.304 6.831 6.800 6.799 6.809 3.008 3.019 3.000 3.003Al 2.313 2.288 2.300 2.319 2.164 2.182 2.158 2.167 2.592 2.579 2.603 2.596Ti 0.0200.0210.0210.0200.0240.0240.0240.0240.0070.0070.0070.007Fe 2+0.1120.1130.1130.111 1.407 1.387 1.394 1.3830.3870.3900.3880.390Mn 0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0120.0120.0120.0120.0040.0040.0040.004Mg 0.2820.2800.2790.282 2.639 2.686 2.699 2.6700.0070.0070.0070.008Ca 0.0010.0010.0010.001 1.550 1.562 1.570 1.577 1.989 1.983 1.988 1.990Na 0.1220.1210.1200.1190.7840.7770.7950.7980.0000.0000.0000.000K0.8620.8550.8420.8410.0890.0870.0880.0880.0000.0000.0000.000⁎Total iron;concentrations reported as wt.%.331H.Cheng et al./Lithos 110(2009)327–342with those obtained by ID-MC-ICPMS (1.9–2.4)within error (Fig.5a),indicating that the Nd isotopic analyses in this study are essentially unaffected by MREE-rich inclusions,likely due to ef ﬁcient mineral picking and/or concentrated H 2SO 4pre-leaching.The consistent Hf concentrations of 0.10–0.13ppm within single grains with those (0.11–0.13ppm)by ID-MC-ICPMS indicates the Hf-rich phases were essentially removed during digestion (Fig.5b).The overall Lu concentration slightly skews towards the garnet rim because of the weak zoning pattern and the spherical geometry effect,i.e.,the outershells dominate the volume of Lu (Cheng et al.,2008a ).The 0.90–0.93ppm Lu contents by ID-MC-ICPMS apparently resemble those of the garnet rim,which could be readily explained by the spherical geometry effect.However,we interpret this with caution because individual garnet porphyroblasts could have different zoning patterns and the individual Lu pro ﬁle might not be representative of the population of garnet grains,although the chemical zoning center (nucleation site)coincides with the geometric center (Fig.3d),suggesting asymmetric garnet growth.In addition,biased mineral hand-picking should be considered (Cheng et al.,2008a,b ).Moreover,since the thin-section preparation method for this study cannot ensure that the real center of the garnet was exposed,the observed zoning here likely only represents a minimum zoning of particular garnet porphyroblasts.4.3.Estimation of P –T conditionsMetamorphic peak P –T conditions of 2.2GPa and 620°C for the DB17Xiongdian eclogite (Fig.6)are evaluated on the basis of recent cali-brations of the assemblage garnet+omphacite+phengite+kyanite+quartz,according to the dataset of Holland and Powell (1998).Higher P –T values of 2.4GPa and 650°C are calculated with the calibrations of Krogh Ravna and Terry (2004).While a temperature of 620±29°C is estimated by quartz –garnet O isotope thermometer (Zheng,1993),Ti-in-zircon thermometer (Watson et al.,2006;Ferry and Watson,2007)gives similar value of 695±22°C.Zr-in-rutile thermometer (Watson et al.,2006;Ferry and Watson,2007)yields a lower value of 634–652°C and a similar temperature of 683–701°C (Fig.6)when using the pressure-dependent calibration of Tomkins et al.(2007)at 2.2GPa.Calibration 1uses updated versions of the thermodynamic dataset and activity models in the programs THERMOCALC3.26and AX (Holland,Powell,1998;latest updated dataset;Powell et al.,1998)by using an avPT calculation in the simpli ﬁed model system NCKFMASH with excess SiO 2and H 2O.Calibration 2uses thermobarometry based on the database of Holland and Powell (1998)and activity models for garnet (Ganguly et al.,1996),clinopyroxene (Holland and Powell,1990)and phengite (Holland and Powell,1998).Analyses of garnet,omphacite and phengite (Table 2)were processed according to the two calibrations.Calibration 3uses mineral O isotope compositions (Table 4)to estimate temperature based on the quartz –garnet O isotope thermometer (Zheng,1993).Calibrations 4and 5use Ti contents in zircon by LA-ICPMS and Zr concentration of rutile by SIMS (Table 5)to temperature estimations based on the Ti-in-zircon and Zr-in-rutile thermometers,respectively (Watson et al.,2006;Ferry and Watson,2007;Tomkins et al.,2007).The assemblage of garnet –omphacite –kyanite –phengite –quartz is representative of metamorphic peak conditions of theXiongdianFig.4.Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (Sun and McDonough,1989)of zircons,garnets and omphacite from Xiongdian eclogite (a)and REE distribution patterns between zircon and garnet (b).The equilibrium D REE(Zrn/Grt)values of Rubatto (2002),Whitehouse and Platt (2003)and Rubatto and Hermann (2007)are presented for comparison.Table 3SIMS Sm,Nd,Hf and Lu concentration pro ﬁles of the garnets in Figs.4and 5.(ppm)RimCore Cpx Li 0.93 1.140.880.840.890.980.750.520.990.580.690.870.670.7522.1Sr 0.100.130.120.120.100.100.100.120.110.120.130.100.110.1033.5Y 45.646.846.647.346.447.148.350.052.053.553.155.354.657.80.92Hf 0.110.130.120.120.110.110.120.120.120.100.110.100.100.100.41La 0.010.020.020.010.000.000.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.010.02Ce 0.040.050.050.060.050.040.040.040.050.030.040.040.050.030.12Pr 0.010.020.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.020.020.020.03Nd 0.390.330.280.380.350.270.220.280.340.310.270.410.280.260.36Sm 0.450.360.380.440.470.410.480.450.450.410.340.330.420.410.31Eu 0.270.270.270.280.300.240.280.280.250.300.290.240.250.220.22Gd 1.85 1.96 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.78 1.85 1.84 1.93 1.82 1.57 1.92 1.69 1.530.65Dy 5.68 5.86 5.58 6.18 5.87 5.84 5.79 6.19 6.46 6.40 5.50 6.91 6.09 6.400.26Er 3.74 4.13 4.04 4.25 4.23 4.16 3.76 4.15 4.65 4.99 4.53 4.98 4.63 5.200.06Yb 4.10 4.18 4.01 3.86 4.23 4.11 4.49 4.34 4.97 5.19 5.19 5.65 5.10 5.690.12Lu0.900.910.880.840.840.891.131.151.281.261.261.331.321.420.01332H.Cheng et al./Lithos 110(2009)327–342eclogite.A partly-calibrated thermobarometer is de ﬁned by the three reactions of 3Celadonite +1Pyrope +2Grossular =3Muscovite +6Diopside,2Kyanite+3Diopside =1Pyrope +1Grossular +2Quartz,and 3Celadonite +4Kyanite=3Muscovite +1Pyrope +4Quartz.An intersection point of 2.2GPa and 620°C is de ﬁned and therefore independent of commonly-used Fe –Mg exchange thermometers.This offers an advantage with regards to garnet –clinopyroxene,which is prone to retrograde reactions and problems stemming from ferric iron estimation of omphacite (Li et al.,2005).Results are plotted according to the calibrations mentioned above.The three reactions and intersection points are shown according to programs of calibrations 1–5in Fig.6.4.4.Oxygen isotopic dataThe O isotope compositions of minerals for the two eclogites are presented in Table 4.When paired with quartz for isotope geothermo-metry,garnet,omphacite,phengite,kyanite,zoisite and amphibole yield temperatures of 620±29,563±35,567±43,508±31,404±28and 685±39°C for eclogite DB17,respectively.Because these temperatures are concordant with rates of O diffusion and thus closure temperatures in the mineral assemblage garnet +omphacite +kyanite+phengite+quartz (Zheng and Fu,1998),representative of metamorphic peak conditions,a continuous resetting of O isotopes in the different mineral-pair systems is evident during cooling (Giletti,1986;Eiler et al.,1993;Chen et al.,2007).Quartz –garnet pairs from eclogite DB17give temperatures of 620±29°C,which are consistent with those calibrated by the THERMOCALCmethod,indicating that O isotope equilibrium was achieved and preserved during eclogite –facies recrystallization (Fig.7a).This is also evidenced by the apparent equilibrium fractionation between garnet and omphacite (Fig.7b).In contrast,equilibrium fractionation was not attained between garnets and omphacites in eclogite DB18.The calculated quartz –amphibole pair temperature of 685±39°C is distinctly higher than the 508±31°C from the quartz –zoisite pair.Because oxygen diffusion in amphibole is faster than in zoisite and kyanite (Zheng and Fu,1998),amphibole exchanges oxygen isotopes with water faster than zoisite during retrogression.Consequently,the O isotope temperature increases for the quartz –amphibole pair,whereas the quartz –zoisite temperature decreases relative to the formation temperature.In this regard,the retrograde metamorphism of amphibolite –facies should take place at a temperature between ∼685and ∼508°C.On the other hand,the low quartz –kyanite pair temperature (404±28°C)could be interpreted as a result of in ﬂuence by retrogressive metamorphism without a clear geologicalmeaning.Fig.5.Sm/Nd versus Nd and Lu/Hf versus Hf plots for garnet and whole rock.ID:data obtained by the isotope dilution method using MC-ICPMS.IMS:data obtained by ion microprobe.bombWR —whole rock by bomb-digestion,savWR —whole rock by Savillex-digestion.Error bars for both IMS and ID methods are signi ﬁcantly smaller than thesymbols.Fig.6.Peak P –T estimates of the Xiongdian eclogite.Reactions of py +2gr +3cel =6di +3mu;3di+2ky =py+gr +2q;and 3cel +4ky =py +3mu +4q and intersection points are plotted according to the calibrations of Holland and Powell (1998,latest updated dataset)in solid lines and Krogh Ravna and Terry (2004)in dashed lines.Coesite quartz equilibrium is also shown (Holland and Powell,1998).Abbreviations:alm —almandine,gr —grossular,py —pyrope,cel —celadonite,mu —muscovite,di —diopside,jd —jadeite,coe —coesite.Temperatures estimated by quartz –garnet oxygen isotope thermometry (Zheng,1993),Ti-in-zircon and Zr-in-rutile thermometries (Watson et al.,2006;Tomkins et al.,2007)are also shown.Table 4Oxygen isotope data of minerals for the Xiongdian eclogite.Sample number Mineral δ18O (‰)Pair Δ18O (‰)T 1(°C)T 2(°C)DB17Quartz 12.86,12.66Phengite 10.26,10.14Qtz –Phn 2.57567±43Garnet 8.83,8.85Qtz –Grt 3.93620±29605±22Omphacite 9.64,9.56Qtz –Omp 3.17563±35574±28Zoisite 9.31,9.43Qtz –Zo 3.40508±31494±21Amphibole 9.83,9.60Qtz –Amp 3.06685±39Kyanite 9.36,–Qtz –Ky3.41404±28WR 9.85,9.91DB18Garnet 9.74,9.59Omphacite 8.58,8.48Omp –Grt −1.14WR10.15,9.99T 1and T 2were calculated based on the theoretical calibrations of Zheng (1993)and Matthews (1994),respectively,with omphacite (Jd 45Di 55).Uncertainty on the temperature is derived from error propagation of the average reproducibility of ±15‰for δ18O (‰)values in the fractionation equations.333H.Cheng et al./Lithos 110(2009)327–342。

MOOG_D636_D638_operatinG_instructions

D636 / D638 SeriesDirect Drive Servo-Proportional Valves with Integrated Digital Electronics and CAN Bus InterfaceOperatingInstructions© 2002 Moog Industrial Controls DivisionMoog Inc., East Aurora, NY 14052-0018Telephone: 716/655-3000, Fax: 716/655-1803, Toll Free: 1-800-272-MOOGAll rights reserved. No part of these operating instructions may be reproduced in any form (print, photocop-ies, microfilm, or by any other means) or edited, duplicated, or distributed with electronic systems without the prior written consent of Moog.Exclusion of LiabilityThese operating instructions were prepared with the greatest possible care and the contents generated ac-cording to the best of the authors' knowledge. However, the possibility of error cannot be prevented and im-provements may be possible. We would be pleased to receive your comments about possible errors or in-complete information.Nevertheless, Moog does not offer any guarantee that the contents conform with applicable legal regula-tions, nor does Moog accept any liability for possible remaining incorrect or incomplete information and the consequences thereof.Changes are possible at any time without prior notice.Part number of the D636 / D638 operating instructionsPlease contact us at the above address and indicate the following part number when ordering these operat-ing instructions:CDS6818TrademarksNote:All product designations mentioned in these operating instructions are trademarks of the respective manufacturers. The absence of the trademark symbols ® or ™ does not indicate that the name is free from trademark protection.Table of Contents1General Information (1)1.1Using the Operating Instructions (1)1.2Proper Use (1)1.3Selection and Qualification of Personnel (1)1.4Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) (2)1.5Guarantee and Liability (2)1.6Explanation of Symbols (2)1.7Abbreviations (3)2Safety Instructions (5)3Function and Operational Characteristics of the Servo-Proportional Valves (7)3.1General Information (7)3.1.1Representative Depiction of a Direct Drive Valve (8)3.1.2Permanent Magnet Linear Force Motor (8)3.2Servo-proportional Valve Operational Modes (9)3.2.1Flow Control (Q-Control) (9)3.2.2Pressure Control (p-Control) (9)3.2.3Flow Control and Pressure Control (pQ-Control) (optional for D638) (9)3.2.4Notes on Controller Behavior (10)3.3CAN Bus and CANopen (10)3.4Analog Command Inputs (11)3.4.1Flow Command Input ±10 V Floating (12)3.4.2Flow Command Input ±10 mA Floating (12)3.4.3Flow Command Input ±10 mA Single-Ended (13)3.4.4Flow Command Input 4–20 mA Floating (13)3.4.5Flow Command Input 4–20 mA Single-Ended (14)3.4.6Pressure Command Input 0–10 V Floating (D638) (14)3.4.7Pressure Command Input 0–10 mA Floating (D638) (15)3.4.8Pressure Command Input 0–10 mA Single-Ended (D638) (15)3.4.9Pressure Command Input 4–20 mA Floating (D638) (16)3.4.10Pressure Command Input 4–20 mA Single-Ended (D638) (16)3.5Analog Actual Value Outputs (17)3.5.1Actual Flow Value Output 4–20 mA (17)3.5.2Actual Pressure Output 4–20 mA (D638) (17)3.5.3Evaluation of the 4–20 mA Actual Value Output (17)3.6Digital Inputs/Outputs (18)3.6.1Enable Input (optional) (18)3.6.2Digital Outputs (18)3.7Status Display (18)3.7.1Module Status LED (MS) (18)3.7.2Network Status LED (NS) (19)4Technical Data and Scope of Delivery (21)4.1General Technical Data (21)4.2Hydraulic Data (22)4.2.1Servo-Proportional Valve Configurations (23)4.2.2Leakage Port Y (24)4.3Electrical Data (24)4.4Characteristic Curves (25)4.4.1Step Response, Frequency Response, and Flow Diagram (25)4.4.2Flow Characteristic Curve (26)4.4.3Pressure Characteristic Curves (26)4.5Dimensions (Installation Drawing) (27)4.6Mounting Pattern and Mounting Surface (27)4.7Scope of Delivery (28)5Transport and Storage (29)5.1Packaging/Transport (29)5.2Storage (29)6Mounting/Removing and Connection to the Hydraulic System (31)6.1Mounting the Servo-Proportional Valve (32)6.2Removing the Servo-Proportional Valve (33)7Electrical Connection (35)7.1Pin Assignment (36)7.1.1Valve Connector (36)7.1.2CAN Connector (37)7.2Wiring CAN Networks (38)7.2.1Cable Lengths and Cable Cross Sections in CAN Networks (39)7.2.2Suitable Cable Types (40)8Starting-Up the Servo-Proportional Valve (41)8.1Filling and Flushing the Hydraulic System (42)8.2Venting (D638) and Starting-Up the Hydraulic System (43)8.3Connection to the CAN Bus (43)9Maintenance and Repair (45)10Trouble Shooting (47)11Tools, Replacement Parts, and Accessories (49)11.1Tools for 6+PE Pin Connectors (49)11.2Replacement Parts and Accessories D636 / D638 (49)12Appendix (51)12.1Additional Literature (51)12.2Quoted Standards (51)12.3Addresses (52)13Index (53)For your notes.1 General Information Using the Operating Instructions 1 GeneralInformation1.1 Using the Operating InstructionsThese operating instructions apply only to Direct Drive Valve series D636 (flow control valves) and D638 (pressure control valves) with integrated digital electronics and CAN bus interface. The instructions contain the most important information for ensuring safe operation of servo-proportional valves.The operating instructions must be stored near the servo-proportional valve or the upper level machine so that they are readily accessible at all times.All persons responsible for mechanical planning, assembly, and operation must read, understand, and follow all points contained in these operating in-structions. This requirement applies especially to the safety instructions. Complying with the safety instructions helps to avoid accidents, problems, and errors.It is absolutely essential for the user to know the safety instructions as well as nationally and internationally applicable safety regulations in order to handle the servo-proportional valve safely and operate it trouble-free.1.2 Proper UseD636 and D638 Direct Drive Valves are always operated as a component of a complete upper level system, for example in a machine.They must be used only as control elements to control flow and/or pressure in hydraulic circuits that regulate position, speed, pressure, and power. The valves are intended for use with mineral oil-based hydraulic oils. The use of other media must be approved by Moog.Use for other purposes or for purposes that extend beyond this description is not allowable.Operation is allowable only in industrial environments in accordance with the DIN EN 50081-2 standard.Operation in potentially explosive areas is not allowable.Proper use also includes observation of the operating instructions and com-pliance with the inspection and maintenance regulations.1.3 Selection and Qualification of PersonnelOnly properly trained and instructed personnel with the necessary knowl-edge and experience must work with and on servo-proportional ing the operating instructionsProper useSelection and qualifica-tion of personnel1 General Information Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 1.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)The D636 and D638 servo-proportional valves comply with the following standards:DIN EN 50081-2Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Generic emis-sion standard - Part 2: Industrial environment DIN EN 61000-6-2Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Ge-neric standards - Immunity for industrial environ-mentsDIN EN 55011Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-fre-quency equipment - Radio disturbance characteris-tics - Limits and methods of measurementsThe D636 and D638 servo-proportional valves must not be used in residen-tial, commercial and light industry as defined by the DIN EN 50081-1 and DIN EN 50082-1 standards.1.5 Guarantee and LiabilityIn general, our "General Terms and Conditions for Sales" apply. These con-ditions are given to the operator upon contract closure.Among other things, guarantee and liability claims for personal and property damages will not be considered if they are caused by one or more of the following:•Improper use of the servo-proportional valve•Improper mounting, start-up, and maintenance of the servo-propor-tional valve•Improper handling of the servo-proportional valve, such as the use in a potentially explosive, excessively hot, or excessively cold envi-ronment•Failure to follow the operating instructions regarding transport, stor-age, mounting, start-up, and maintenance of the servo-proportionalvalve•Unauthorized structural changes to the servo-proportional valve •Improperly performed repairs•Disasters caused by foreign objects or force majeure1.6 Explanation of SymbolsThe following symbols are used in these operating instructionsImportant informationDanger of damage to machine or materialGeneral danger of injury and deathSpecific danger of injury and deathRegulatory symbols Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Guarantee and liabilitySymbols used1.7 AbbreviationsAbbreviations used The following abbreviations are used in these operating instructions:Symbol for filter finenessXSymbol for viscosityµP MicroprocessorCAN C ontroller A rea N etworkCiA C AN i n A utomation user's associationDDV D irect D rive V alveDIN D eutsches I nstitut für N ormung e. V.(German Institute for Standardization)DS D raft S tandard (published by CiA)DSP D raft S tandard P roposal (published by CiA)DSP D igital S ignal P rocessorEMC E lectro m agnetic C ompatibilityEMI E lectro m agnetic I nterferenceEN E uropa-N orm (European standard)FPM Fluorocarbon rubberF.S.F ull S cale output of transducerGND G rou nd (signal ground)ID Id entifierID I nner D iameter (of O-rings for example)ISO I nternational S tandardizing O rganizationLED L ight E mitting D iodeLSS L ayer S etting S ervicesLVDT L inear V ariable D ifferential T ransformer(senses the position of the spool in the valve [position transducer])MS M odule S tatus LEDNAS N ational A merican S tandardNBR N itril B utadiene R ubber (Perbunan, Buna)NS N etwork S tatus LEDp Symbol for p ressurePC P ersonal C omputerPE P rotective E arthPWM P ulse W idth M odulationQ Symbol for volumetric flowVDMA V erband D eutscher M aschinen- und A nlagenbau e. V.(German Machinery and Plant Manufacturers' Association)For your notes.2 SafetyInstructionsSafety instructions The D636 and D638 servo-proportional valves must only be put intooperation and used as described in these operating instructions.They must be operated only as a component of a complete upperlevel system, for example a machine, and only in industrial environ-ments as defined by the DIN EN 50081-2 standard.The D636 and D638 servo-proportional valves must not be used inresidential, commercial and light industry as defined by the DIN EN50081-1 and DIN EN 50082-1 standards.Operation in potentially explosive areas is not allowable.During equipment planning and the use of servo-proportional valves,the safety and accident prevention regulations specific to the type ofusage must be followed. These include, for example:DIN EN 292Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, generalprinciples for designDIN EN 982Safety of machinery - Safety requirements forfluid power systems and their components -HydraulicsDIN EN 60204Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment ofmachinesThe manufacturer and the operator of the complete upper levelsystem (mechanical equipment, for example) are responsible forcompliance with the national and international safety and accidentprevention regulations that apply to each particular case.Modifying, changing, and interfering in the internal area of the servo-proportional valve may cause serious injuries and as such is forbid-den.Only properly trained and instructed personnel with the necessaryknowledge and experience must work with and on servo-proportion-al valves.The servo-proportional valves must only be mounted and removed,and electrical and hydraulic connections made by suitably trainedtechnical personnel with the necessary authorization. They mustperform such tasks in accordance with the applicable regulationsand the valve must be in an idle and depressurized state and themachine switched off.While this work is in progress, the machine must be securedagainst restarting, for example by:•Locking the main command device and removing the keyand/or•attaching a warning sign to the main switchOperating machines with leaking servo-proportional valves or aleaking hydraulic system is dangerous and not allowed.When starting-up a servo-proportional valve on a field bus for the first time, we recommend operating the valve in a depressurized state.The servo-proportional valve must only be operated via the configu-ration software if doing so does not endanger the machine and its immediate surroundings.The configuration software must not be operated on a CAN bus if CAN communication is still running.If the valve cannot be operated safely via the configuration software even when the CAN communication is switched off, it must only communicate via a direct (i.e. point-to-point) connection with the configuration software. The valve must be depressurized for this purpose.(To create a direct connection between the configuration software and the valve, unplug the CAN bus cable from the valve and con-nect the valve directly to the PC's CAN bus interface card.) Hydraulic oil can cause serious injuries, burns, and fires if it squirts out under high pressure.Before mounting or removing servo-proportional valves, all pressure lines and reservoirs in the hydraulic circuit must therefore be de-pressurized.Servo-proportional valves and hydraulic connection lines may be-come very hot while in operation.When mounting, removing, or servicing servo-proportional valves,always wear suitable protective equipment such as work gloves.When handling hydraulic fluids, always follow the safety guidelinesapplicable to the product.The instructions in these operating instructions, especially chapter 2(starting on page 5) and chapter 9 (starting on page 45) must beadded to the operating instructions of the complete upper level sys-tem.The allowable environmental conditions (see chapter 4, page 21)must be maintained at all times.Do not transport or store the servo-proportional valves without firstproperly installing the shipping plate.To avoid overheating the servo-proportional valve, mount it in a waythat ensures good ventilation.Do not mount valves directly onto mechanical parts that are subjectto strong vibrations or sudden movement.When mounted on units subject to sudden movement, the spool di-rection should not be the same as the unit's direction of movement.The servo-proportional valves must not be immersed in liquid.Safety instructions3 Function and Operational Characteris-tics of the Servo-Proportional Valves 3.1 General InformationThe D636 valves (flow control valves) and the D638 valves (pressure control valves) are Direct Drive Valves (DDV). The valves are throttle valves for 3-, 2-, 4-, 2x2-way applications and are suitable for electro-hydraulic control of po-sition, speed, pressure, and power - even under high dynamic requirements.A permanent magnet linear force motor is used to drive the spool. In contrast to proportional magnet drives, the linear force motor adjusts the spool in both working directions from the spring-loaded middle position. This gives the servo-proportional valve strong actuating power for the spool as well as good static and dynamic characteristics.The following operational modes are possible:•Flow control (Q-control) (D636)(see chapter 3.2.1, page 9)•Pressure control (p-control) (D638)(see chapter 3.2.2, page 9)•Flow control and pressure control (pQ-control) (optional for D638) (see chapter 3.2.3, page 9)The digital driver and control electronics are integrated into the valve. The valve electronics contain a microprocessor system which performs all im-portant functions via the valve software it contains. The digital electronics enable the valve to be controlled across the entire working range without drift and almost regardless of the temperature.The valves are parameterized, activated, and monitored via the built-in CAN bus interface in accordance with the CiA standard DSP 408 (device profile fluid power technology).In addition, up to two analog command inputs and up to two analog actual value outputs with programmable functions are available as options. Benefits of using D636 / D638 Direct Drive Valves:•Direct drive with permanent magnet linear force motor that provides high actuating power•Pilot oil not required•Pressure independent dynamics•Minimal hysteresis and high response characteristics•Minimal current requirement at and close to hydraulic null(hydraulic null is the position of the spool at which the pressures of asymmetrical spool are equally high in both blocked working ports)•Standardized spool position signal•Electrical null point adjustment is parameterizable•If the electrical supply fails, a line breaks, or emergency stop is activated, the spool returns to the predefined spring-loadedposition without overshooting a working position (fail-safe).•Flow control and optional pressure control (on D638) with only one valve•CAN bus interface•optional analog inputs and outputs Function of the servo-proportional valves: throttle valves Operational modes:Q-, p-, pQ-control Digital valve electronics CAN bus interface Benefits of the D636/D638 series3.1.1 Representative Depiction of a Direct Drive ValveFigure 1: Representative depiction of the servo-proportional valve3.1.2 Permanent Magnet Linear Force MotorFigure 2: Representative depiction of the permanent magnet linear force motorThe permanent magnet linear force motor is a permanently magnetically ex-cited differential motor. A portion of the magnetic force is already integrated with the permanent magnet. This makes the linear force motor's power re-quirement considerably lower than that of comparable proportional magnets. The linear force motor drives the spool of the servo-proportional valve. In the zero current condition, the centering springs determine the starting position of the spool. The linear force motor enables the spool to be guided in both directions from the starting position, the linear force motor's actuating power being proportional to the coil current. The strong forces from the linear force motor and the centering springs enable precise movement of the spool, even when working against flow and frictional forces.3.2 Servo-proportional Valve Operational Modes3.2.1 Flow Control (Q-Control)During this operating mode the spool position is controlled. The predefined command signal corresponds to a particular spool position. The spool posi-tion is proportional to the electrical signal.The command signal (spool position command) is fed to the valve electron-ics. A position transducer (LVDT) measures the spool's actual position and forwards this information to the valve electronics. The electronics compares the actual spool position and command signal and generates a current to drive the linear force motor, which then brings the spool into the correct po-sition.The position command can be influenced with parameters in the valve soft-ware (for example: linearization, ramping, dead band, sectionally defined amplification, etc.).3.2.2 Pressure Control (p-Control)During this operating mode of the D638 valve the pressure in port A is con-trolled. The predefined command signal corresponds to a particular pressure in port A.The command signal (pressure command in port A) is transmitted to the valve electronics. A pressure transducer measures the pressure in port A and feeds this to the valve electronics. The electronics compares the actual pressure signal and command signal and generates a current to drive the linear force motor, which then brings the spool into the correct position.The pressure control function can be influenced with parameters in the valve software (for example: linearization, ramping, dead band, sectionally defined amplification, etc.). The pressure regulator is carried out as an extended PID controller. In the valve software, you can set the parameters of the PID con-troller.3.2.3 Flow Control and Pressure Control (pQ-Control)(optional for D638)This is a combination of flow and pressure control for which both command signals (external flow and pressure limit command) must be present.The following are examples of possible combinations:•Flow control with pressure limiting control•forced changeover from one operating mode to the other Permanent magnet linear force motorQ-Control: Controlling the spool positionp-control: Controlling the pressure in port A pQ-control3.2.4 Notes on Controller BehaviorThe resulting flow depends not only on the position of the spool, but also onthe pressure drop ∆p on the individual control edges.At 100 % flow command signal with a rated pressure drop ∆p N of 35 bar(500 psi) per control edge, the result is the rated flow Q N . By altering thepressure drop, the flow Q also changes assuming a constant command sig-nal, as shown by the following formula:N Np p Q Q ∆∆=Q [l/min]=actual flowQ N [l/min]=rated flow ∆p [bar]=actual pressure drop per control edge∆p N [bar]=rated pressure drop per control edge The following exert significant influence on the controlled system:• Rated flow Q N• Actual pressure drop ∆p per control edge• Load stiffness• Control volume being regulated by port A (D638 only)Depending on differences in mechanical construction (such as volume,pipework, branching, reservoirs, etc.), different types of controller optimiza-tions may be required in pressure control. These controller optimizations canbe carried out with the configuration software via the CAN bus interface.3.3 CAN Bus and CANopenThe servo-proportional valve is equipped with a CAN bus interface and canbe operated within a CAN network.The CAN bus is a differential 2-wire bus and was initially developed to facili-tate rapid and interference-free networking of components in automobiles.But thanks to its many advantages and high level of reliability, the CAN busis also suitable for applications within machines and has proven its useful-ness as a widely accepted standard.CANopen is a standardized communication profile for simple networking ofCANopen-compatible devices from many different manufacturers.The communication profile complies with the DS 301 standard, version 4.0,and is provided by CiA.The CANopen standard defines various device profiles to enable connectionof different types of devices, including for example: drives, controllers, angletransmitters, etc.The function of the D636 and D638 series valves corresponds to the deviceprofile for proportional servo valves in accordance with the CiA standardDSP 408. This device profile is based on a profile established by a workinggroup within the VDMA entitled "Device Profile Fluid Power Technology".Formula for calculating the flow QCAN bus interface CANopen communica-tion profile (CiA stand-ard DS 301, version 4.0)Device profile for pro-portional servo valves (CiA standard DSP 408)The machine controller or other CAN bus nodes can use the CAN bus to ex-change data with the servo-proportional valve in real time. This data includes command signals and actual values as well as control and status reports. In addition to this real time transmission, configuration and parametric data can be exchanged between the controller and the valve at any time.The controller or other CAN bus nodes transmit command signals, device control commands, and configuration data via the CAN bus to the servo-pro-portional valve.The controller or other CAN bus nodes can read actual values, status infor-mation, and the current configuration from the servo-proportional valve.The integrated valve electronics can take over device-specific and drive-specific functions like command signal ramping or dead band compensation. This can relieve the external controller and the CAN communication because external controllers previously had to perform these functions themselves and the interpolated intermediate values had to be transmitted via the CAN bus.Monitoring, error recognition, and diagnostic functions enable recognition of device malfunctions via the CAN bus.3.4 Analog Command InputsDepending on the valve model, various analog command inputs for flow control and/or pressure control are available. (Pin assignment of the valve connector: see Table 6, page 36)Command input Benefits±10 V or 0-10 V Simple measurement of the signal with an oscillo-scope, for example±10 mA or 0-10 mA In contrast to the 4–20 mA command input, less power is required at low command signals; large transmissionlengths are possible4–20 mA Line break monitoring and large transmission lengthspossibleTable 1: Available Analog command inputsAll current inputs are available as floating or single-ended versions.All voltage inputs are floating, but can be connected externally assingle-ended inputs.Integrated valveelectronicsMonitoring, errorrecognition, anddiagnostic functionsAnalog commandinputs3.4.1Flow Command Input ±10 V FloatingFigure 3: Flow command input ±10 V floating (circuit and characteristic curve)The spool stroke is proportional to the input voltage U in .U in = +10 V100 % valve opening P ð A and B ð T U in = 0 VSpool in hydraulic null position U in = -10 V 100 % valve opening P ð B and A ð TThis command input is a floating, differential input. (The potential differ-ence of each input to GND must be between -15 V and +32 V.) If differ-ential voltage is not available, one input pin has to be connected to sig-nal ground according to the required operating direction.3.4.2Flow Command Input ±10 mA FloatingFigure 4: Flow command input ±10 mA floating (circuit and characteristic curve)The spool stroke is proportional to the input current I in .I in = +10 mA100 % valve opening P ð A and B ð T I in = 0 mASpool in hydraulic null position I in = -10 mA 100 % valve opening P ð B and A ð TThe input current I in must be between -25 mA and +25 mA!This command input is a floating input. (The potential difference of eachinput to GND must be between -15 V and +32 V.) If a floating currentsource is not available, one input pin has to be connected to signalground according to the required operating direction.Flow command input±10 V floatingFlow command input±10 mA floatingFigure 5: Flow command input ±10 mA single-ended (circuit and characteristic curve)The spool stroke is proportional to the input current I in .I in = +10 mA100 % valve opening P ð A and B ð T I in = 0 mASpool in hydraulic null position I in = -10 mA 100 % valve opening P ð B and A ð T The point of reference for this command input is GND.The input current I inmust be between -25 mA and +25 mA!Depending on the required operating direction, one of the two input pinsmust not be connected.3.4.4Flow Command Input 4–20 mA FloatingFigure 6: Flow command input 4–20 mA floating (circuit and characteristic curve)The spool stroke is proportional to the input current I in .I in = 20 mA100 % valve opening P ð A and B ð T I in = 12 mASpool in hydraulic null position I in = 4 mA 100 % valve opening P ð B and A ð TThe input current I in must be between -25 mA and +25 mA!This command input is a floating input. (The potential difference of eachinput to GND must be between -15 V and +32 V.) If a floating currentsource is not available, one input pin has to be connected to signalground according to the required operating direction.Command signals I in < 3 mA (due to line break, for example) indicate anerror during flow control. The valve is switched off for safety reasonsand goes into fail-safe position.Flow command input4–20 mA floating。

Operational Manual

006 09-25-2006
P. Oostenrijk P. Oostenrijk
3.28 3.29
01-10-2007 05-22-2007
P. Oostenrijk P. Oostenrijk
4.00
02-19-2008
P. Oostenrijk
4.01 4.02 4.03
ECHOTRAC MKIII
USER MANUAL Version: 4.03
Odom Hydrographic Systems, Inc. 1450 Seaboard Avenue Baton Rouge, Louisiana USA 70810-6261 Telephone: (225) 769-3051 Fax: (225) 766-5122
1.4
02-16-2005
S.F. Apsey
3.20 3.22
01-16-2006 02-28-2006
P. Oostenrijk P. Oostenrijk
3.23
05-22-2006
P. Oostenrijk
3.25
08-03-2006
P. Oostenrijk
Echotrac MKIII
User Manual
Email@

Number of pages: 50 Date: May 23, 2008
Echotrac MKIII
User Manual
Revision History
Version 0.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 Date 09-19-2002 01-28-2003 03-27-2003 09-09-2003 Author P. Oostenrijk S.F. Apsey S.F. Apsey S.F. Apsey Remarks Initial version – draft Updated manual for firmware version 2.07;Changed default of Tracking Gate. Added Skip Alarms. Added Grey shades. Updated manual for firmware version 2.14: Added Subottom TVG, SB TVG Range, Pre Amp Gain, Dual Light Shade parameters. Changes from Echotrac MKIII 3.05 to 3.06 1-When the Echotrac MKIII is set to read in heave through com4 it will check to see if the first character in the string is an ‘R’ (remote heave). If the first character is an ‘R’ the Echotrac will use the remote heave value for corrections otherwise the Echotrac will use the local heave. 2-Added a parameter called HEAVECORR. This parameter will heave correct the chart when turned on or not heave correct the chart if turned off. The selection of the ‘Heave Out’ serial string will now no longer affect the heave correction on the chart. 3-The parameter DIGILINE will now have a range of 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 instead of on or off. When set to 0 the digitizer line will not be printed. If set to any other number, the digitizer line will be printed that many units above the raw bottom. 4-The parameter LIGHTSHADE will now have the selections Chnl2 Dark, Chnl1 Dark, Chnl2 Only and Chnl1 Only. This will reflect how the data and what data will be printed when both channels are turned on. If Chnl2 Dark is selected, Channel 2 will be printed darker than Channel 1. If Chnl2 only is selected then only Channel 2 will be printed. 3.08 04-14-2005 P. Oostenrijk Updated manual for firmware version 3.08 Added section on how to request parameter settings through the serial port. Added UDP port, Hours of operation, Packet size 8/16 bits, outputstring DESO DDV, print German Help. New optimized Deso command handling routines. Re-enabled TVGgainref and Trackinggate in Echotrac Control program. Improved annotation handling. Improved Echotrac Control program network detection interface. Low Frequency pulse width increased to 256. Corrected auto-scaling when draft and index are used. Added support for Echotrac CVM. Fixed: Stopping the synchronization process disabled communication with Echotrac. Added compatibility check and warning for Echotrac Control Program version and Echotrac firmware version. If during synchronization a parameter is missing, the parameter name is now displayed. Improved version control in firmware and diagnostic window. Page 2 of 2 Odom Hydrographic Systems, Inc. May 23, 2008

千尺用量

修订
更改性质及项号
制订人
生效日期
-
第六版
1 修改 page5、 page6电镀铜角/铜波用李帮超
2量
王优林
修订部分物料千尺用量的内容
汪金顺肖尊民
3
黄怀光
06 Aug 2006 30 Nov 2006 25 Jan 2007
增加沉镍金保护胶纸千尺消耗 4
郑剑
5 增加Page9、Page10个别物料千尺用量黄怀光
5000补充剂B 每100g金盐添加69ml 529补充剂每100g金盐添加350ml
PCM Plus 光剂
电镀 Cu/Sn 镀铜
铜角/铜波
HCL 125TA/B
30 min 2.5L 60 min 5.2L 90 min 5.2L 120 min 7.7L 30min 13.5kg 60min27.5kg 90min 27.5kg 120min 32.0kg
Naps 5Kg
Naps 6.25Kg
H2SO4 1L
H2SO4 1.25L
更改理由
完善物料千尺用量需审批/确认部门
申请人：_黄怀光
‫ٱ‬ADM
‫ ٱ‬EM
日期：14 Jul 2007__
‫ ٱ‬MATL
‫ ٱ‬ME
‫ٱ‬QA
‫ ٱ‬PE
‫ ٱ‬PROD
‫ ٱ‬PPC
‫ ٱ‬TQM ‫ ٱ‬IPQC 批
千尺用量
4000颗上模及下模
四层盲孔板或四层以多层板
每生产15-20万ft2更
P片 (每卷P片长
125码, 宽
49.5″)
压板排板
1.4卷 2.8卷 4.2卷 5.6卷 2.1卷 4.2卷 6.3卷 2.8卷 5.6卷 8.4卷 2.9卷 4.8卷 8.7卷 4.2卷 8.4卷 12.6卷 4.9卷

ISO TS 16189-2013

4.2 Stock solutions......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
6.2 Extraction..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
8.1 Calibration curve.................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Not for Resale
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
ISO/TS 16189:2013(E)
Contents
Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv

千尺用量

版本 06
修订号共 14 页第 2 页 2 正本印章副本印章
收件识别印章
工
序
流程除油微蚀酸洗贴膜
物料名称（或代号）千 AC-22 NPS H2SO4 H2SO4 干膜 PCD-202
尺
用
量
备注
4-5L 9.6Kg 2L 3.6L 2300ft2 6-7Kg 1.25L 0.5m 3张 3张 1.4KG 20 ft2 曝光时间7K-10K 次换灯 4Kg 60ml 126L 35L 21L 2.4L 7片 300张/月 0.5m 25张 0.6支 0.7支 4.5Kg CCD机打铆钉孔用 CCD机打铆钉孔用保养用膨松缸及退膜缸内层二台曝光机
更改理由
完善物料千尺用量需审批/确认部门
申请人：_黄怀光 ‫ٱ‬ADM ‫ ٱ‬QA ‫ ٱ‬TQM ‫ ٱ‬IPQC 是否直接影响品质 ‫ٱ‬ ‫ٱ‬ ‫ٱ‬ ‫ٱ‬ EM PE MKT R&D
日期：14 Jul 2007__ ‫ ٱ‬MATL ‫ ٱ‬PROD ‫ ٱ‬PIE ■ TRAINING 是□ 如是在说明： ‫ ٱ‬ME ‫ ٱ‬PPC ■APQP ‫ٱ‬总经理审批
收件识别印章
工
序
P片 (每卷P片长125码, 宽49.5″)
压板
排板
铜
箔
大压机牛皮纸两台小压机牛皮纸界刀片圆形裁切刀洗刀粘尘布￠2.0mm锣刀￠3.175mm钻嘴打磨机介刀片 # # 60 120 砂带无尘纸 # # 400 或600 水砂纸
备注四层盲孔板或四层以上多层板每生产15-20万ft2更换层间排布1张P片层间排布2张P片四层板层间排布3张P片层间排布4张P片层间排布1张P片层间排布2张P片六层板层间排布3张P片层间排布1张P片层间排布2张P片八层板层间排布3张P片层间排布1张P片层间排布2张P片十层板层间排布3张P片层间排布1张P片层间排布2张P片十二层板层间排布3张P片层间排布1张P片十四层板层间排布2张P片使用HOZ铜箔排板结构使用1OZ铜箔排板结构使用2OZ铜箔排板结构使用3OZ铜箔排板结构（33″×44″）（25″×30″） P片裁切机用铜箔裁切机用 8mm×6.5mm 锣边用 X-ray机用打磨钢板用削铜箔边用拉纹机使用清洁钢板用打磨钢板用

拜耳化学-Borchers Additives For Paint

♦低价位通用型分散剂
相容性好，适用于：醇酸体系丙烯酸烤漆体系聚酯烤漆体系环氧体系硝基漆
颜料分散性能用于分散以下颜填料：钛白粉氧化铁，安巴色粉滑石粉，重钙、轻钙等填料低色素碳黑（U，MA100）
12
2.Borchers有机硅流平剂产品
概述
♦ Borchers流平剂产品以聚醚改性有机硅为主
Borchers公司发展历程
♦ 1807年成立 ♦ 1986年与Bayer AG合作，成为Bayer旗下专门
从事涂料助剂开发、生产、销售的子公司 ♦ 1995年完全自主负责助剂业务 ♦ 2000年与广东合诚化工合作拓展中国市场 ♦ 2004年归于LANXESS旗下 ♦ 2004年6月，加强与广东合诚化工的合作，全
用量
无机颜料 TiO2 有机颜料
碳黑
FW200 SB6
GEN0451 5-10
4-5
30-60 80-100 30-50
BYK163 15-20 4-5
20-40 100-140 40-50
EFKA4050 15 24000 32500
25-50
100-200
96
60
96
60
9
Gen0451实际应用经验介绍
权委托广东合诚化工负责中国市场
1
BORCHERS助剂产品体系介绍
干燥剂油性金属干燥剂：Co,Mn,Ca,Zn,Cu，Zr等水性金属干燥剂：
防结皮剂酮肟类M2,C3, 酚类 Ascinin P 环保型（不含酮肟和酚）
触变剂增稠剂缔合型水性PU类：L75N,L76 丙烯酸类:A LA
防沉剂 Set134 消泡剂(下半年有新产品推出） E2(流平：消泡＝70：30） 3468，Gol0011 Antifoam T（高颜料含量体系）

SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING AND SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESS

专利名称：SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING ANDSEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING DEVICE 发明人：TAKADO NOBUKAZU申请号：JP19170189申请日：19890724公开号：JPH0354824A公开日：19910308专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：PURPOSE:To enable the etching level to be controlled with high precision by a method wherein the processing and electron beams are controlled on the basis of the cathode luminescence spectrum emitted by focused electorn beam irradiation. CONSTITUTION:A specimen 107 is processed by irradiating it with focused electron beams 103 using chlorine gas as a reaction gas. The cathode luminescence 111 emitted from the specimen 107 enters a spectrophotometer 113 through an optical microscope 109, a quartz glass window 110 in a specimen chamber 108 and via a lens system 112. The luminescence spectrum obtained by the spectrophotometer 113 is analyzed by a computer 114 to control an electron beam controller 115 on the basis of the analysis data. Through these procedures, the elements comprising respective layers of specimen 7 can be detected by the characteristics lines of the luminescence spectrum so that the etching level may be controlled with high precision by detecting the local composition and the damage degree of the processed part.申请人：NEC CORP更多信息请下载全文后查看。

REDUNDANCY AND LOAD BALANCING IN A TELECOMMUNICATI

申请人：NOKIA CORP 地址：FI 国籍：FI 代理机构：Äkräs, Tapio Juhani 更多信息请下载全文后查看
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
专利名称：REDUNDANCY AND LOAD BALANCING IN A TELECOMMUNICATION UNIT AND SYSTEM
发明人：AUTERINEN, Otso 申请号：EP03732615.4 申请日ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ20030619 公开号：EP1518352B1 公开日：20070801
摘要：The invention relates to a method, system and network element for backing up the network element (NE) in a telecommunications system. The network element (NE) comprises at least two cluster nodes (A, B, C) that are redundancy units of each other. Each cluster node (A, B, C) contains virtual nodes (a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2). Pairs are formed of the virtual nodes (a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2) in such a manner that the first virtual node of the pair resides in the first cluster node and the second virtual node in the second cluster node (A, B, C). One of the virtual nodes in the pair is active and the other on standby. When a cluster node (A, B, C) malfunctions, the virtual nodes (a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2) of the pairs whose active virtual nodes reside in the faulty cluster node are interchanged by changing the standby virtual nodes to active and the active virtual nodes to standby.

PMA简易使用说明

PMA简易使用说明PMA作为模拟主站常用的工具，平时接电话的过程中发现有些工程同事还不太会用，所以写了这个简单说明。

介绍一下使用的步骤和一些常用的设置。

1.选择规约：2.规约参数设置：（1）104规约中需要设置主站和从站IP地址，端口号默认十进制2404.两个地址要是同一网段，不能经过路由。

公共地址要跟远动配置中一致，不然初始化后发送总召唤报文远动装置不回复。

（2）101规约中要设置链路地址和公共地址，与远动配置中一致，传输原因、公共地址和信息体地址长度要与远动一致，一般默认即可。

3：选择模拟主站4:连接示选择100，即ASDU100，其它默认即可。

6．常用报文发送菜单介绍：（1）单点遥控，对应ASDU45，发送时设置信息体地址（点号、10进制）和选择分合即可下发预置，回复成功后会弹出执行菜单。

（2）双点遥控，对应ASDU46，设置与单点遥控相同。

（3）设置归一化值，遥调下发归一化值（整数）功能，对应ASDU48，也叫设点命令，发送时设置信息体地址（点号、10进制）和设点值即可。

（4）遥调下发浮点数没有设置专门的菜单，可在更多报文发送中选择类型标示为50，即ASDU50，设置信息体地址（点号，10进制）和STD（设点值、16进制、四字节）。

QOS为预置和执行的选择，80是预置，00是执行，直接发执行远动是可以处理的，所以默认00即可。

对于16进制的设点值，可以在watchbug中转换。

注意：watchbug 中字节间有空格，PMA中没有。

（5）对于菜单中的遥调，那个实际上是ASDU47的档位升降命令，不要使用。

对于PMA 的模拟子站功能，因为还没有详细的用过，目前能确认模拟子站的功能可以使用，具体的使用方法后续再补充。

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Products
KNH metal thread KAH metal thread KBH metal thread
For Conduit Size Thread PMAFIX Pro straight
PMAFIX Pro 45° elbow
PMAFIX Pro 90° curved elbow
metric NW type
-
-
BVNV-M12M -
BVNV-M120 BVAD-M120GT
BVNV-M160 BVAD-M160GT
BVNV-M162 BVAD-M162GT
BVNV-M202 BVAD-M202GT
BVNV-M207 BVAD-M207GT
BVNV-M257 -
BVNV-M253 BVAD-M253GT
PCST-07B -
PCST-10B -
PCST-12B -
PCST-17B PCSG-17B
-
PCSG-23B
-
PCSG-29B
-
PCSG-36B
-
PCSG-48B
VCS PA6
Flexible, heavy-duty conduits Flexible, schwere Wellrohre
VCST-07B -
VCST-10B -
VCST-12B -
-
VCSG-17B
-
VCSG-23B
-
VCSG-29B
-
VCSG-36B
-
VCSG-48B
VAM PA6
Flexible, heavy-duty conduits Flexible, schwere Wellrohre
-
-
VAMT-10B -
CABLE PROTECTION KABELSCHUTZTECHNIK
April 2010
PMA Selection
From a range of over 6500 products, the most frequently specified
PMA Selektion
Eine Auswahl aus über 6500 Produkten
Funktionelles und modernes Design bei hoher Qualität zu einem ausgezeichnetem Preis.
PCS PA12
Highly flexible, heavy-duty conduits Höchstflexible, schwere Wellrohre
LLPO PO
Very flexible, light-duty conduits Sehr flexible leichte Wellrohre LLPO-07A LLPO-10A LLPO-12A LLPO-17A LLPO-23A LLPO-29A LLPO-36A LLPO-48A -
Alle hier aufgeführten Artikelnummern entsprechen schwarzen Produkten. Bitte kontaktieren Sie uns für graue Produkte.
Catalogue Overview Katalogübersicht
Company Profile
Overview of the structure and services of PMA.
Überblick über die Firmenstruktur und Dienstleistungen von PMA AG.
IP69K
NKNZ-M120/PX NKNZ-M160/PX NKNZ-M202/PX NKNZ-M207/PX NKNZ-M257/PX NKNZ-M323/PX NKNZ-M409/PX NKNZ-M506/PX NKNZ-M508/PX NKNZ-M638/PX
KIS metal thread
NKBH-M120-10 NKBH-M160-10 NKBH-M162-10 NKBH-M202-10 NKBH-M207-10 NKBH-M257-11 NKBH-M253-11 NKBH-M323-13 NKBH-M329-13 NKBH-M409-13 NKBH-M406-13 NKBH-M506-14
40 36 M40x1,5 NKNH-M406-13 M50x1,5 NKNH-M506-14
NKAH-M120-10 NKAH-M160-10 NKAH-M162-10 NKAH-M202-10 NKAH-M207-10 NKAH-M257-11 NKAH-M253-11 NKAH-M323-13 NKAH-M329-13 NKAH-M409-13 NKAH-M406-13 NKAH-M506-14
PMAFIX Pro gerade
PMAFIX Pro 45° Winkel
PMAFIX Pro 90° Bogenwinkel
Für Rohrgrösse Gewinde metrisch NW Typ
IP69K
IP69K
IP69K
10 07 M12x1,5 -
-
-
M12x1,5 -
-
-
12 10 M12x1,5 NKNH-M120-10 M16x1,5 NKNH-M160-10
16 12 M16x1,5 NKNH-M162-10 M20x1,5 NKNH-M202-10
20 17 M20x1,5 NKNH-M207-10 M25x1,5 NKNH-M257-11
25 23 M25x1,5 NKNH-M253-11 M32x1,5 NKNH-M323-13
32 29 M32x1,5 NKNH-M329-13 M40x1,5 NKNH-M409-13
metrisch Nennweite
Very flexible, medium-duty conduits Sehr flexible, mittelschwere Wellrohre
Very flexible, medium-duty conduits Sehr flexible, mittelschwere Wellrohre
Other conduits on request / Weitere Wellrohre auf Anfrage
Feinprofil T / Enge Biegeradien
Grobprofil G / Hohe Ausreisskräfte
METRIC THREADS
Connectors Anschlüsse
10
07
PCLT-07B
-
CYLT-O7B -
-
VOHD-07B -
PIST-07B
-
12
10
PCLT-10B
-
CYLT-10B
-
-
-
VOHD-10B -
PIST-10B
-
16
12
XPCLT-12BB -
XCYLT-12BB -
XSOLT-12BG -
VOHD-12B -
PIST-12B
-
20
17
XPCLT-17BB XPCLG-17BB XCYLT-17BB XCYLG-17BB -
VAMLT-07B -
VAMLT-10B -
VAMLT-12B -
-
VAMLG-17B
-
VAMLG-23B
-
VAMLG-29B
-
VAMLG-36B
-
VAMLG-48B
LLPA PA6
Very flexible, medium-duty conduits Sehr flexible, mittelschwere Wellrohre LLPA-07A LLPA-10A LLPA-12A LLPA-17A LLPAG-17A LLPA-23A LLPAG-23A LLPA-29A LLPAG-29A LLPA-36A LLPAG-36A LLPA-48A LLPAG-48A
VN
PMAFIX straight PMAFIX gerade
VA
PMAFIX 45° elbow PMAFIX 45° Winkel
IP66
IP68
IP66
IP68
BVND-M12MGT
BVND-M120GT BVND-M160GT BVND-M162GT BVND-M202GT BVND-M207GT BVND-M257GT BVND-M253GT BVND-M323GT BVND-M329GT BVND-M409GT BVND-M406GT BVND-M506GT BVND-M508GT BVND-M638GT
VAMT-12B -
VAMG-17B
-
VAMG-23B
-
VAMG-29B
-
VAMG-36B
-
VAMG-48B
All product numbers are for black components. Please enquire for grey or other colours.
VAML PA6
Very flexible, medium-duty conduits Sehr flexible, mittelschwere Wellrohre
பைடு நூலகம்PMAFIX / PMAFLEX
The PMA main catalogue with 6’500 excellent products.
PMA Hauptkatalog mit über 6’500 Qualitätsprodukten.
PMA SMART LINE
Functional and modern design with high quality at an excellent price.