2010年考研英语二考纲解读
2010年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇由六段文字构成的说明文，简要介绍了甲型H1N1流感在墨西哥地区的首次爆发和随后在全球蔓延传播的情况。
世界卫生组织对这场疾病做出了客观的评价。
在文章最后两个段落里重点讲述了美国在这场疾病中受感染及死亡病例的具体情况和美国联邦政府对此疾病采取的应对措施等。
试题解析The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising__3__in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.【译文】猪流感疾病的爆发起初是在墨西哥发现的，在2009年6月11日，世界卫生组织宣称此次爆发的疾病是41年以来首次的全球性流行病。
随着澳大利亚的感染病例急剧增加，与此同时，英国、日本智利以及其他地区的感染数量也在增加，日内瓦的流感专家召开了紧急会议，会后，人民对此疾病提高了警惕。
1.[A]criticized批评，指责[B]appointed任命，指定[C]commented评论[D]designated指出，指明【答案】D【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years。
2010年考研英语2
2010年考研英语2摘要：一、2010年考研英语概述1.考试性质与目的2.考试大纲出版信息二、2010年考研英语一考试大纲要求1.语言知识要求2.语言技能要求三、2010年考研英语国家线预测与分析1.分数线走势2.考生反馈与评价四、2010年考研英语真题特点与应对策略1.题目难度2.考查重点3.解题技巧正文：**2010年考研英语概述**2010年考研英语，作为全国硕士研究生入学统一考试的一部分，旨在评价考生在英语语言知识和技能方面的掌握程度。
该考试的评价标准设定为我国高等学校非英语专业优秀本科毕业生能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以确保被录取者具备一定的英语水平，有利于各高等学校和科研机构在专业上择优选拔。
**2010年考研英语一考试大纲要求**根据2010年考研英语大纲，考生应掌握以下语言知识和技能：1.语言知识：包括词汇、语法、句型结构等方面，要求考生具备扎实的基础知识。
2.语言技能：包括阅读、写作、听力和翻译等能力，要求考生具备良好的语言运用能力。
**2010年考研英语国家线预测与分析**根据历年分数线走势和考生反馈，2010年考研英语国家线可能会有所波动。
考虑到竞争加大和人数增加的因素，预计分数线降幅可能在2-3分之间。
然而，这仅仅是一种预测，实际分数线还需等待官方公布。
**2010年考研英语真题特点与应对策略**1.题目难度：2010年考研英语真题在题目难度上相对适中，既考查了考生的基本语言知识，也考查了语言运用能力。
2.考查重点：阅读理解部分侧重于考查考生对文章主旨、细节和推理能力的把握；写作部分则注重考查考生的表达能力、逻辑思维和论证能力。
3.解题技巧：要在考研英语中取得好成绩，考生需要掌握一定的解题技巧。
如阅读理解部分可通过快速浏览、寻找关键词等方式提高答题效率；写作部分则需注意文章结构、论证充分、语言准确等方面。
综上所述，2010年考研英语真题在考查考生语言知识和技能方面具有较高的实用性。
2010年考研英语二大纲及样题分析
大概有一个基本概念就没问题了。
（2）词汇
第二个就是词汇，英语二的词汇表，大纲后面主要是词汇表，词汇表没有任何差别。就是说从单词量上的要求来说，英语一和英语二是一
样的。
（3）阅读理解
关于阅读理解的部分。英语二没有英语一中规定在阅读理解中会出现3%的超纲单词。所以可以阅读理解部分的单词要求可能要比英语一低
的概念。
第二点，它只要求进行相关的判断、推理，而不需要进行相关的引申，没有引申，也就是说在英语二中如果出现我们阅读理解中的一种题
型，叫做推理题的话，它推理的难度要小于英语一。
第三点，英语二中没有要求区分阅读理解文章中的论点和论据，既然不让区分论点和论据，那就说明一点，我们在阅读理解中的一种题型
2010年考研英语样题已经出炉，与去年相比，题型有了新的变化，作文题材做了较大调整。2010年的考研英语首次分成英语一和英语二两套试
卷，它们究竟有什么不同呢？考生如何备考呢？
什么是“英语二”？
从今年开始，考研英语配合中国的整个研究生入学考试的改革，以及配合中国整个研究生硕士培养方式的一个改革，由原来的一种考试，
理解的话，有时候比孤零零地理解一个句子，翻译一个句子可能难度还要容易一些，因为有上下文，大概蒙一下，这个句子也能大概同时的翻
译过来。而且这样的话，采分点就会比较分散，有些很简单的句子也是采分点，你把它翻译对了也能得分。而英语一就是给你五个孤零零的句
子，有的翻不出来，看不懂，就是没有得分。英语二我担心的是，大家能不能在这么短时间内把那些字写下来的问题，它的难度是降低的，量
简要说明：
（1）语法
英语二规定了总共有八个语法点，具体的语法点是要考的。只要把这八点做到了，基本上就没问题了。首先第一个就是名词、代词它的用
2010英语二答案及难点注解
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题标准答案section I Use of English（10points）1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.D8.C9.B 10.A11.C 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.C16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.BSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionpartA21.D 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.C26.A 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.B31.A 32.A 33.D 34.C 35.B36.D 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.DPart B41.F 42.T 43.F 44.T 45.FSection Ⅲ Translation最近，“承受力”成了一个流行词，但对Ted Ning来说，他对其含义有自己亲身的体会。
在经历了一段无法承受的痛苦生活后，他清楚的认识到，旨在提高承受力的价值观只有通过每日的行为和抉择才能得到体现。
Ning回忆起九十年代后期销售保险那困惑的一年。
在经历了网络泡沫的膨胀和破灭后，他急需找到一份工作，因此就与Boulder公司签了约。
但情况并不顺利。
“这的确是糟糕的一步，因为它激不起我的工作热情，”Ning说。
不出所料，工作上的进退维谷造成他销售业绩不佳。
“我很痛苦，愁肠百结，常常在半夜惊醒，望着天花板发愣。
我身无分文，需要这份工作。
大家都说，‘等等看，过一段时间情况会好转的。
’”Section ⅣWritingPart ADear xxx,I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA.Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American culture better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I go. I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.I feel obliged to thank you again.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei Part BMobile phone has been widely used in the world now, but the popularization in developed countries and developing countries has experienced different courses. The givenchart just shows the changes of the subscriptions within about a decade. From this chart, it can be learnt that the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increase from the year 2000 to 2007 and then remain constant in 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 2008: the biggest surge happened during the years from 2005 to 2008.What is reflected by the chart is very both interesting and instructive, and there are many implications behind it. Generally, the developed countries have smaller populations compared with those of developing countries, and many people are rich enough to enjoy the service. Therefore, the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and soon the market is saturated. But with much larger populations, the developing countries have a much larger market with a great demand for mobile service. Thus, there is no wonder that with the continuous dropping of the cost, large numbers of people in developing countries may subscribe to and enjoy this service.High-tech is changing the life of billions of people. I am sure that the trend will continue, and more and more people will share the benefits brought about by technology.阅读题注解：Text 1全文大意：艺术品市场的动荡21. [D] it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis线索：第一段最后两句It was a last hurrah欢呼. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.这是最后一次欢呼欢呼。
2010年考研英语二真题答案超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔二〕试题答案与解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other_____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart AText 1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever〞，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Do lman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.〞What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory〞because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable〞(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText 2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase“wreaking havoc〞(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,〞Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.〞The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums,skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,〞said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consu mers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.〞Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A] indifferent[B] negative[C] positive[D] biasedText 4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. WestVirginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a b ird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least theperception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,〞he adds. So he should know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.ons:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability〞has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept willalways have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。
2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解
2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解第一篇：2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解2010年考研英语二考试大纲变化详解:一、新旧大纲题型和分值对比1.旧试卷分值分布词汇题15分。
完型题10分。
阅读40分。
翻译20分。
作文15分。
2.新试卷分值分布英语知识应用（即完型题）10分。
阅读题50分，含旧阅读40分和新阅读10分。
翻译15分。
小作文10分。
大作文15分。
二、新、旧大纲变化第一，词汇题删掉了。
第二，翻译题分值由20分变为15分。
形式是一样的，仍然是短文翻译，但是短文的字数减为150词，比原来短3行。
第三，增加了新阅读10分，新阅读可能会有3个题型：7选5段落填空，段落小标题，对错判断题。
第四，增加了小作文。
形式可能会是：有信函letter，报告report，备忘memo，摘要abstract。
第五，作文是25分，分为A节和B节。
A节是新加入的作文形式，10分。
B节是沿用原来的作文形式。
第六，大的方向变化还有一点，旧大纲里词汇是5800，而现在大纲的词汇去掉了300词商务词汇，大纲的词汇只有5500。
首先，新加入的阅读题是新大纲的焦点，这对我们的考试会有什么影响？词汇换成了阅读的B节，词汇题与新阅读题到底哪个得分更容易呢？从以往的经验上看，词汇的得分一直很稳定，一般是5到6分，虽然不多，可是至少还在。
而变成了新阅读题后，得分就没有底了，这极大地增大了考生的负担。
以前备考词汇题，我们的复习没有负担。
我们的思路是，对词汇题不理不睬，你特意复习这个词汇，成效是不高的。
你的成绩只能是从你平时的积累来的。
然而这道新阅读题型，你不理不睬是不行的，到考场是得不了分的。
这个变化提高我们今年考试的难度。
其次写作，增加了新的作文，分值来源于翻译的分数。
这个就造成了我们3小时的考试时间可能会有一点紧张，毕竟你要写两篇文章。
从这个量上面来看，新的席卷要比老的试卷难度更大。
从分数线来看，你们不要在意；从难度上，这个难度提高很大。
2010年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2010考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 pointsThe outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years.The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (AH1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&01 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people. Section Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 pointsText1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby‟s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture. All but two pieces sold, fetc hing more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure fiveyears earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst‟s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world‟s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby‟s and C hristie‟s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie‟s chief executive, says: “I‟m pretty confident we‟re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christ ie‟s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3,the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in Arts(编辑Text2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focuson ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, th at remain killers only because we can‟t figure out how to change people‟s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers‟ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you‟ll find that many of the pr oducts we use every d ay —chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn‟t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teethcleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a h uge part of impr oving our consumers‟ lives, and it‟s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns(编辑:32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impac t on people‟habi ts[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people‟buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people‟s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer‟s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author‟sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people‟s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex,or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selectingso-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. Thispractice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished specialeducational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points(编辑:“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He‟d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin‟t go well. “It was a really had move because that‟s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, …Just wait,you‟ll trun the corner, give it some time.‟”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇,但对TedNing而言,这个概念一直有个人含义,经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活,使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观,必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
2010年考研英语(二)大纲权威解析
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目，它和以前的考研英语试卷（现在改称英语（一））一样，也是由教育部考试中心组织命题的。
近几年来，我国的硕士研究生教育在进行改革，国家计划把硕士分成两种：学术型研究生和专业学位研究生。
专业学位主要包括19种：法律硕士，社会工作硕士，教育硕士，体育硕士，汉语国际教育硕士，翻译硕士，艺术硕士，风景园林硕士，工程硕士，建筑学硕士，农业推广硕士，兽医硕士，临床医学硕士，口腔医学硕士，公共卫生硕士，会计硕士，工商管理硕士，公共管理硕士，军事硕士）。
在2010年考研中，英语二主要适用于部分考专业学位研究生的考生。
请您一定要通过招生院校最新公布的2010年招生简章确定您需要参加英语（一）还是英语（二）的考试。
根据考试大纲，英语（二）与英语（一）的词汇量要求相同，附录列表也完全相同，但是在阅读理解中没有了“每篇阅读理解文章中超出考试大纲单词不超过3%”这个要求，并且根据所给出的参考试题，考察的单词难度比英语（一）要低。
在语法方面，大纲列出了考生需要掌握的八种语法知识，明确了考察方向和备考的范围。
在题型上，英语（二）和英语（一）的区别是：1、新题型部分，英语（二）的备选题型是：多项对应、小标题对应和正误判断。
小标题对应这个题型跟英语（一）中最简单的小标题对应题型相同，另外两种与英语（一）的新题型相比都简单得多。
2、翻译部分：英语（二）要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
共15分。
跟英语（一）相比，翻译字数没变，并且翻译的是语义连续的段落，自然更简单，更容易得分。
3、作文部分：英语（二）也分大作文和小作文。
小作文考应用文（约100词）或摘要写作（80-100词），摘要写作也是今年英语（一）新增的题型，要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80~100词的该文摘要，需要引起大家的重视。
2010考研英语二真题及答案
2010考研英语二真题及答案2010考研英语二真题及答案考研英语是每年都备受关注的考试科目，对于考生来说，备考英语是必不可少的一项任务。
其中，历年的真题是考生备考的重要资料之一。
本文将为大家介绍2010年考研英语二真题及答案，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
2010年考研英语二的试题分为两部分，阅读理解和完形填空。
首先我们来看看阅读理解部分的试题。
阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，分别是《The Power of Positive Thinking》、《Howto Be a Good Listener》和《The Art of Effective Communication》。
这三篇文章分别涉及到积极思考、倾听和有效沟通这三个主题。
文章内容丰富，涵盖了生活中的各个方面，对于考生来说，理解文章的主旨和细节是解题的关键。
在阅读理解部分的答题过程中，考生需要注意以下几点。
首先，要仔细阅读题目，理解题目的要求。
其次，要有一定的阅读技巧，例如可以先快速浏览全文，了解文章的大意和结构，然后再逐段细读，找出与题目相关的信息。
最后，要注意选项之间的区别，避免陷入陷阱，选择正确答案。
接下来我们来看看完形填空部分的试题。
完形填空部分的文章是《The Benefits of Traveling Alone》。
这篇文章主要介绍了一个人独自旅行的好处。
通过旅行，一个人可以更好地了解自己，享受独立和自由，拓宽眼界，结交新朋友等。
文章内容生动有趣，给人以启发和思考。
在完形填空部分的答题过程中，考生需要注意以下几点。
首先，要注意文章的语境和逻辑关系，根据上下文来判断空格处应该填入的词语。
其次，要注意选项之间的搭配和语法的正确性，选择合适的词语填入空格。
最后，要注意文章的整体意义，选择与文章主旨相符的答案。
通过对2010年考研英语二真题的分析，我们可以看到，考研英语的阅读理解和完形填空部分都要求考生具备良好的阅读理解能力和语言运用能力。
备考过程中，考生可以通过做真题来提高自己的解题水平，找到自己的不足之处，并加以改进。
2010年考研英语二真题答案超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemicon June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva thatconvened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chileand elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencingonly mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed anunusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much ofMexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, thesouthwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But inlate September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every stateand that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, notseasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile andbegan_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, whichis different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than threemillion doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those_____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnantwomen, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other_____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart AText 1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a saleof 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever ”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldestbanks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm —double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond itssize because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in away matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst ’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector —for Chinese contemporary art —they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world?s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby?sand Christie?s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese s topped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the marketsince the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on theirpeak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie?s chief executive, says: “I?m pretty confident we?re at the bottom. ”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie ’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special reportsaid that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone whodoes not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory ”b ecause ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable ”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText 2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room — a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbandsdon't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keepthe conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than womenin public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed —but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent ，that amounts to millions of cases inthe United States every year — a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to hisor doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a womanglares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focuson ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in responseto a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, thatremain killers only because we can ’t figure out how to change people ’s habits,”Dr. Curtis said.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. ”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers ’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you?ll find that many of the products we use every day chewing gums, —skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants,colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn?t drink water outside of a meal .Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkinglysip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company thatsold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a hugepart of improving our consumers? lives, and it?s essential to making n ew products commercially viable. ”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As thisnew science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used tosell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people ’s habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people ’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people ’s habits?[A]Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer ’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people ’s habits is____[A] indifferent[B] negative[C] positive[D] biasedText 4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient wayaround this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on thejury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it keptjuries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section ofthe entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the statelevel. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutionaland ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 andA350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference.But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them tobuy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation — a V-shape, echelon or otherwise —expend less energy. The air flowing over a b i rd?s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of SouthernWhen applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Franciscoand Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out thatthe aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the windowmight not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfyair-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flightmore efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes ’wakes will decay more quickly andthe effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. Itmight also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast,might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America ’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin, ”he adds. S o k n h o e w s.h o u l d41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing andAirbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, America ’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability ”has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will alwayshave personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life madeitclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。
2010年考研英语二真题答案超详解析.docx
***2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemicon June11, 2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chileand elsewhere.But the epidemic is"_____4_____"in severity, according to Margaret Chan,the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencingonly mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed anunusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But inlate September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every stateand that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, notseasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, whichis different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than threemillion doses were to be made available in early October2009,though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnantwomen,people over50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other ******_____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1[A] criticized[B] appointed[C]commented[D] designated 2[A] proceeded[B] activated[C] followed[D] prompted 3[A] digits[B] numbers[C] amounts[D] sums4[A] moderate[B] normal[C] unusual[D] extreme5[A] with[B] in[C] from[D] by6[A] progress[B] absence[C] presence[D] favor7[A] reality[B] phenomenon[C] concept[D] notice8. [A]over[B] for[C] among[D] to9[A] stay up[B] crop up[C] fill up[D] cover up 10[A] as[B] if[C] unless[D] until11[A] excessive[B] enormous[C] significant[D]magnificent 12[A]categories[B] examples[C] patterns[D] samples 13[A] imparted[B] immerse[C] injected[D] infected 14[A] released[B] relayed[C] relieved[D] remained 15[A] placing[B] delivering[C] taking[D] giving16[A] feasible[B] available[C] reliable[D] applicable 17[A] prevalent[B] principal[C] innovative[D] initial18[A] presented[B] restricted[C] recommended[D] introduced 19[A] problems[B] issues[C] agonies[D] sufferings 20[A] involved in[B] caring for[C] concerned with[D] warding offSectionⅡ Reading comprehensionPart AText 1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a saleof 56 works by Damien Hirst,“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldestbanks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.******The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons ClareMcAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond itssize because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in away matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss ofthousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world thatmeant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell bytwo-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down bynearly 90% in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world?s two biggest auction houses,Sotheby?sand Christie?s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placedworks for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the marketsince the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on theirpeak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie?s chiefexecutive, says:“I?m pretty confident we?re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in t he early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand eventhough many collectors wanted to sell. Christie ’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were stillhigher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special reportsaid that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds —death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory”because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces******D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis9.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3) ， theauthor suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.11.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists12.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText 2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room— a women's group thathad invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him o n the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbandsdon't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said,"She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep******the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than womenin public situations, they often talk l ess at home. And this p attern is wreaking havoc withmarriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women sheinterviewed—but only a few of the men —gave lack of communication as the reason for theirdivorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases inthe United States every year— a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to hisor doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking,socialarrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "Hedoesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of theirwives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a womanglares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc ”(Line 3,Para.2)most probablymeans ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure******13. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse14.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.15. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in responseto a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, thatremain killers only because we can’tfigure out how to change people’shabits,”Dr. Curtis said.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you?ll find that many of the products we use every day chewing gums,—skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants,******colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. Acentury ago, few p eople regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because ofcanny advertising a nd public h ealth campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearlywhites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn?t drink water outside of a meal . Then beveragecompanies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkinglysip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is nowfeatured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skinmoisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing andputting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns, ”said CarolBerning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company thatsold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a hugepart of improving our consumers? lives, and it?s essential to making n ew products commerciallyviable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As thisnew science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used tosell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits******16. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] Unilever17. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments18. The author ’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A] indifferent[B] negative[C] positive[D] biasedText 4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy areequally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury onaccount of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of thelaw. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representativedemocracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electingrepresentatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v.W estVirginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way******around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on thejury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it keptjuries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section ofthe entire community.In the landmark1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the statelevel. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutionaland ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38.Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___******[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system19.In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference.But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlinescould take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them tobuy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation —a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a b ird?s wings curlsupwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwashexperience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves.Peter Lissaman,anaeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of SouthernWhen applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his teammodelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Franciscoand Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swapplaces so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15%less fuel(with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell byaround a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that******the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosygroupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the windowmight not even see the other planes. W hether the separation distances involved w ould satisfyair-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International CivilAviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for newoperational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flightmore efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’wakes will decay more quickly andthe effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. Itmight also be hard for airlines t o co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passengeraircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast,might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects A gency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigateformation flight, though the programme has yet t o begin. There are reports that some militaryaircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but DrLissaman says they are apocryphal.“My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of aLancaster lost over Berlin,”he adds. S oknhoews.hould41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing andAirbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability”has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made******itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action andchoice 。
2010年英语二text1
2010年英语二text1Title: Analysis of English II Text 1 from 2010Introduction:The English II Text 1 from 2010 is a significant piece of literature that requires a comprehensive analysis. This article aims to provide an accurate and in-depth understanding of the text by following a structured approach. It will consist of an introduction, the main body with five major points and their respective sub-points, and a conclusion summarizing the key findings.Main Body:1. Background Information1.1 Historical Context- Discuss the time period in which the text was written.- Explain any relevant events or societal factors that may have influenced the author's perspective.1.2 Author's Background- Provide information about the author's life and career.- Analyze how the author's background might have influenced the text's themes and style.2. Text Structure and Themes2.1 Narrative Structure- Examine the text's narrative structure, such as the use of flashbacks or multiple perspectives.- Discuss how the structure contributes to the overall meaning of the text.2.2 Central Themes- Identify and analyze the central themes explored in the text.- Provide examples from the text to support the analysis of each theme.2.3 Symbolism and Imagery- Identify any symbols or recurring imagery in the text.- Explain their significance and how they contribute to the overall message of the text.3. Language and Style3.1 Use of Figurative Language- Analyze the author's use of metaphors, similes, and other figurative language devices.- Discuss how these devices enhance the reader's understanding of the text.3.2 Tone and Mood- Examine the author's choice of tone and mood throughout the text.- Evaluate the impact of these choices on the reader's interpretation of the text.3.3 Writing Style- Analyze the author's writing style, such as the use of descriptive language or dialogue.- Discuss how the writing style contributes to the overall effectiveness of the text.4. Character Analysis4.1 Protagonist- Describe the main character and their role in the text.- Analyze their motivations, conflicts, and character development.4.2 Supporting Characters- Discuss the significant supporting characters and their relationships with the protagonist.- Analyze how these characters contribute to the overall narrative.4.3 Characterization Techniques- Identify the author's techniques for character development, such as direct and indirect characterization.- Evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques in creating well-rounded characters.5. Social and Cultural Commentary5.1 Historical and Cultural References- Identify any historical or cultural references made in the text.- Explain their significance and how they contribute to the overall meaning of the text.5.2 Social Issues- Analyze any social issues addressed in the text, such as gender roles or societal norms.- Discuss the author's stance on these issues and how they are portrayed in the text.5.3 Relevance to Contemporary Society- Evaluate the text's relevance to contemporary society.- Discuss how the themes and messages of the text resonate with modern readers.Conclusion:In conclusion, the English II Text 1 from 2010 is a rich and complex piece of literature that requires a thorough analysis. By examining the background information, text structure and themes, language and style, character analysis, and social and cultural commentary, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of the text's significance. This analysis allows readers to appreciate the nuances and depth of the text, and its relevance to both historical and contemporary contexts.。
2010英语二t2
2010英语二t2
（实用版）
目录
1.2010 年英语二 t2 试题概述
2.试题的类型和难度
3.试题所涉及的领域和知识点
4.如何准备和应对此类考试
正文
2010 年英语二 t2 试题概述
2010 年英语二 t2 试题是针对我国大学英语二级水平的考试，旨在评估考生的英语应用能力。
该试题包括听力、阅读和写作三个部分，全面考察考生的英语语言运用能力。
试题的类型和难度
英语二 t2 试题的类型多样，包括选择题、填空题、阅读理解题、写作题等。
这些题目难度适中，既考察了考生的基本语言技能，如词汇、语法、听力和阅读，又考察了他们的综合应用能力，如写作和翻译。
试题所涉及的领域和知识点
英语二 t2 试题所涉及的领域广泛，包括日常生活、文化、社会、科技等。
这些题目旨在帮助考生提高英语应用能力，更好地适应不同场景的实际需求。
如何准备和应对此类考试
要成功应对英语二 t2 考试，考生需要具备一定的英语基础，并进行充分的复习和练习。
具体来说，可以从以下几个方面进行准备：
1.加强词汇和语法学习，提高语言基本功。
2.提高听力水平，多听英语广播、新闻和影视作品。
3.加强阅读训练，多读英文书籍和文章，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
4.练习写作，学会用英语表达自己的观点和想法。
5.参加模拟考试，了解自己的弱点，有针对性地进行提高。
总之，英语二 t2 考试是对考生英语应用能力的一次全面考察。
2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。
首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。
第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。
第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。
第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。
二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。
2．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。
本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。
根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。
而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。
而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。
3．【答案】B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。
2010考研真题英语二
2010考研真题英语二In recent years, an increasing number of Chinese students have been choosing to pursue a graduate degree abroad, with many opting to take the GRE or TOEFL exams as part of their application process. The 2010 English II exam for the graduate entrance examination, known as the "2010考研英语二," provides a valuable insight into the skills and knowledge required for success in these international exams. In this article, we will analyze the exam's content and format, and offer some strategies for effective preparation.Section I: Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section is divided into three parts, each containing multiple-choice questions based on several passages. This section aims to assess the test-taker's ability to comprehend complex written texts and extract relevant information efficiently. It requires good reading skills, including skimming, scanning, and understanding the main idea, as well as the ability to identify details and infer meaning.To excel in this section, it is essential to develop effective reading strategies. One such strategy is to read the questions before reading the passage, as it helps to focus on the necessary information while reading. Additionally, underlining or highlighting key points and unfamiliar vocabulary can aid in comprehension and later reference. Practicing with various reading materials and analyzing sample questions can also enhance reading speed and accuracy.Section II: Grammar and VocabularyThe Grammar and Vocabulary section assesses the test-taker's understanding of English grammar rules, word meaning, and usage. This section typically includes multiple-choice questions, sentence completion exercises, and error identification tasks. It requires a solid foundation in English grammar and vocabulary, as well as the ability to identify correct word usage and sentence structure.To perform well in this section, it is crucial to review grammar rules and practice solving different types of grammar exercises. Familiarizing oneself with commonly tested vocabulary words and their appropriate usage is also essential. Reading extensively and regularly using English language resources can help in improving grammar and vocabulary skills.Section III: TranslationThe Translation section evaluates the test-taker's ability to translate English sentences or paragraphs into Chinese accurately. This section tests both reading and writing skills, as it requires understanding the meaning of the original text and expressing it in a coherent and idiomatic manner in the target language.To excel in translation, it is important to practice regularly. Reading a variety of texts in both English and Chinese can help improve familiarity with sentence structures and idiomatic expressions. Additionally, developing a good understanding of the cultural nuances and context of both languages is crucial for accurate translation.Section IV: WritingThe Writing section assesses the test-taker's ability to produce a coherent and well-structured essay within a given time limit. It requires strong writing skills, including the ability to generate ideas, organize thoughts logically, and express them effectively in written English.To excel in this section, it is important to practice writing essays on various topics. Developing an outline before writing can help in organizing ideas and ensuring a logical flow of thoughts. Paying attention to grammar, vocabulary usage, and sentence structure is also crucial. Seeking feedback from others and identifying areas for improvement can further enhance writing skills.ConclusionThe 2010考研英语二 exam is a comprehensive assessment of the test-taker's English language proficiency. To succeed in this exam, it is essential to develop a holistic approach to language learning, focusing on reading, grammar, vocabulary, translation, and writing skills. Regular practice, exposure to authentic English materials, and seeking guidance from experienced tutors or study partners can greatly improve one's chances of success. With dedication and perseverance, Chinese students can excel in these international exams and achieve their academic goals abroad.。
考研英语二2010真题
考研英语二2010真题考研英语二2010真题是许多考研学子备考过程中的重要参考资料。
这份真题涵盖了阅读理解、完形填空和翻译三个部分，考察了考生的英语阅读和理解能力，词汇掌握能力以及翻译能力。
通过对这份真题的分析和解读，我们可以更好地了解考研英语二的考察重点，为备考提供一定的指导。
首先，我们来看一下这份真题的阅读理解部分。
这一部分共有三篇文章，分别涉及到了科学、文化和社会等不同领域的话题。
通过对文章的阅读和理解，考生需要能够捕捉到文章的主旨和关键细节，理解作者的观点和态度，并能够进行推理和归纳。
在解答问题时，考生需要将自己对文章的理解与选项进行对比，找出最佳答案。
此外，这份真题还要求考生回答一个问题，需要考生根据对文章的理解和分析，进行自己的思考和表达。
接下来是完形填空部分。
这一部分要求考生根据给定的上下文，选择合适的词语或短语填入空白处，使得文章的意思连贯完整。
通过对文章的整体理解和对句子结构的分析，考生可以较为准确地选择出正确的答案。
此外，这份真题还要求考生回答一个问题，需要考生根据对文章的理解和分析，进行自己的思考和表达。
最后是翻译部分。
这一部分要求考生将给定的英文句子翻译成中文。
通过对句子的结构和语法的分析，考生可以较为准确地将句子翻译成中文。
此外，这份真题还要求考生将给定的中文句子翻译成英文。
通过对句子的结构和语法的分析，考生可以较为准确地将句子翻译成英文。
通过对这份真题的分析，我们可以看出，考研英语二注重考察考生的阅读和理解能力，词汇掌握能力以及翻译能力。
因此，考生在备考过程中，需要注重对英语文章的阅读和理解，扩大自己的词汇量，并进行大量的阅读和翻译练习。
此外，考生还需要注重对英语语法的学习和掌握，以提高自己的语言表达能力。
总之，考研英语二2010真题是一份重要的备考资料，通过对这份真题的分析和解读，我们可以更好地了解考研英语二的考察重点，为备考提供一定的指导。
在备考过程中，考生需要注重对英语文章的阅读和理解，扩大自己的词汇量，并进行大量的阅读和翻译练习。
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具体来说，如何确定自己考英语一还是英语二呢。考生可参照报考院校的招生简章中的报考科目，简章中会明确说明考英语一还是英语二。其中英语一编号为201，政治编号为101，而英语二编号为204。。还有一个简便的方法是，考研网上报名成功后，考生使用报名号登录网上报名网站，输入报名号，查看自己的报名信息就可以看到自己的初试考试科目。
最后说说专业硕士整体规模。由于专业硕士在我国是新兴事物，它招生规模较小，报考人数不多。今年招生规模为5万人左右，我粗略估计在全国研究生报名中，约10个人中将有1个人要考英语二，比例甚至更低。所以绝大多数考生不会受到影响，还是继续考英语一。
二、考研英语二题型及与考研英语一的区别。
考研英语二题型总体与英语一非常相近，考试时间180分钟，满分100分。试卷第一部分是英语知识运用，即我们常说的完型提空，总共10分，20题，每题0.5分。第二部分是阅读理解，这部分英语二和英语一考试方式略有不同。英语二阅读理解分两个部分，第一部分是常见的4选1选择题，共4篇文章，每篇5道题，共40分。英语二阅读理解第二部分是新题型，对应的是英语一的新题型部分，5道题共10分。这部分可能出现3种题型，由易到难分别是:判断正误题、7选5简化版题型及搭配题。
一、我要跟大家说说什么是考研英语二。
英语二是新出现的一套考研英语试卷，它与历年考研试卷有所不同，它针对的对象是一些报考特别专业学位硕士的学生，由教育部考试中心组织专家研究命题，在考研统考中使用。也就是说，英语一和英语二在研究生考试中将同时使用。
那么考研英语二主要针对哪些考生呢。弄清这个问题，大家要先弄清楚自己所考的硕士类别。近几年国家研究生教育在进行改革，改革方向是将硕士分为两种:一种是学术性研究生，偏重学术方面，还有一种称为专业学位研究生，偏重培养高级管理人才或专门人才，如职业经理人、会计师、工程师等等。这种分法在国外教育体制中体现得很明显，典型的如英国。我们国家以后研究生培养方向将和国际接轨，分为这两种类别。
历年研究生考试英语只有一套全国统一出题的卷子“201英语”，而今年在官方文件上突然出现了“204英语二”，这让很多考生摸不着头脑。最近考研英语二大纲终于出来了，针对网友热议和切实需求，新浪考研站特别邀请了北京新东方学校国内考试部主任、考研名师周雷为您一一讲解。以下为嘉宾精彩观点。
周雷:日前教育部考试中心终于公布了全国研究生入学考试考研英语二的考试大纲，大家对英语二期待了比较长的时间。八月底刚公布英语一新大纲的时候，我们第一次知道考研英语可能会分成英语一和英语二，大家就比较期待看英语二的变化。最近考研英语二大纲终于出来了，同时大纲最后附了英语二的样题。我要强调的是，现在是各位考生在进行考研网上初步报名阶段，考生在这个阶段了解自己要考试的英语科目特点非常重要。
学术性研究生要继续考英语一，而一部分考专业学位的研究生将首次遭遇考研英语二。国家教育部有详尽规定说明，目前我国专业学位研究生包括19种，如体育硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、翻译硕士等。大家要注意这19种专业学位硕士不是都要考英语二，其中一些专业学位硕士基本上是不会考英语二的，比如法律硕士。而有一些是要考英语二的，比如MBA、MPA等。