历年考研英语(二)考试大纲
历年考研英语二真题及答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:R ead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Thinner isn‘t always better.A n u mber of studies have__1that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases c o mp a r ed to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely t o develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is o ften an4of good health.Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out t o be very difficult t o define.It is often defined6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the squar e of height.An adult with a BMI of18t o25is o ften consideredt o be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem9_,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in po or11.For example, many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their per centage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat bu t a13BMI.T oday we have a(an)14t o label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.S tereotypes16 with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success. T eachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown t o harbor biases against the obese.17very young children t e nd t o look d own on the overweight, and teasing abo ut body build has long been a pr oblem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a n u mbe r of anti-obesity19.My own hospital system has bannedsugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign20 childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensur ed2.[A]protective[B]danger ous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of7.[A]measur es[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A]c o mp ar e d[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Y et[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without―Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:R ead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)T ext1What would you do with590m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Florida t o collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she ho pes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than r ead Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research t o show that the most rewarding ways to s pen d money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of gr eat wealtho ften involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Y et satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to s pen d money on experiences,say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become mor e valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling mo r e connected t o others.This slim volume is pack ed with tips t o help wage slaves as well as lottery winners g e t the mos t"happiness bang for your buck."It seems mos t people would be better off if they could shorten their c o mmu t es to work,s pen d mo r e time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two mon ths a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving t o charity is often mo r e pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are co nsu me d sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.R eaders of Happy Money‖are clearly a privileged lot,anxious a bo u t fulfillment, no t hunger.Money may no t quite buy happiness,bu t people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Y et the link betw een feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people ar ound the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of mos t things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors‘policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time t o reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But mos t people will c o me away from this book believing it was money well spent.21.According t o Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22.The author‘s attitude toward Americans‘watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic.[D]ambiguous23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph3t o show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure.24.According t o the last paragraph,Happy Money_[A]has left much room for readers‘criticism[B]may prove t o be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how t o.[A]balancefeeling good and spending money[B]spend largesums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lastingsatisfaction from money spent[D]become mo r ereasonable in spending on luxuries.― ―an I IT ext 2An article in Scientific America has pointed ou t that empirical research says that,actually, you think you‘re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep -seated need to feel good abo u t ourselves and we naturally employ a nu mber of self -enhancing strategies t o research into what the call the above average effec t‖, or illusory superiority‖, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others —all obviously statistical impossibilities.W e rose tint our memories and pu t ourselves into self -affirming situations. W ebecome defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes t o others to boos t our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we‘re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studyinginto self -enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original ph o t o gr a gh of themselves‘ from a lineup including versions that had been altered t o appear mo r e and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study , is ― automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no app ar ent conscious deliberation‖. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image - which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gen der difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self- enhance the must (that is, the participants who t hou ght the most positively doctor ed picture were real) were doing so to mak e up for pr o found insecurities. In fact thosewho th ough t that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corr esponded with those who sh ow e d other mak e rs for having higher self -esteem. ― don‘t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion‖, says Epley. ―t‘s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselv es‘. If you are depressed, you won‘t be self -enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‗s study ,it makes sense that why people heat phot ographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level , they don‘t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves, Face book therefore ,is a self- enhancer‘s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it‘s not that people‘s profiles are dishonest, says Catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,‖but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26.According t o the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that.[A] our self -ratings are unrealistically high―[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural [D] self -enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed t o be people‘s.[A]rapid watching[B]conscious choice [C]intuitive r esponse [D]automatic self -defence28.Epley found that people with higher self -esteem tended to.[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness [C] cover up their depressions [D] oversimplify their illusions29.The word Viscerally ‖ (Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning t o.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally [C]particularly [D]aggressively30.It can be inferred that F acebook is self-enhancer‘s paradise because people can.[A] present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles [C]share their intellectual pursuits [D]withhold their unflattering sidesT ext3（暂缺）T ext4When the government talks a bo u t infrastructure contributing t o the economy the focus is usually on roads,railways,broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that?T o some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.W e have n ot been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute t o economic growth.Then there is t he scale of the typical housing project.It is har d to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project,so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the mos t significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless,the affordable housing situation is desperate.Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply no t building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government t o help rectify this.It n ee ds to pu t historical prejudices t o one side and take some stepst o address our ur gent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.The communities minister,Don Foster,has hinted that George Osborne,Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce mo r e flexibility t o the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.Evidence shows that60,000extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted,increasing GDPby0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers t o fund new developments from revenues.But it is no t just do wn to the government.While these measur es would be welcome in the short term,we must face up to the fact that the existing£4.5bn pr o gr amme of grants to fund new affordable housing,set to expire in2015,is unlikelyt o be extended bey ond then.The Labour party has recently a nnounc ed that it will retain a large part of the coalition‘s spending plans if returns to power.The housi sector nee ds to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants.We need to adjust t o this changing climate.36.The author believes that the housing sector[A]has attracted much attention[B]involves certain political factors[C]shoulders too much responsibility[D]has lost its real value in economy37.It can be learned that affordable housing has[A]increased its home supply[B]offered spending opportunities[C]suffered government biases[D]disappointed the government38.According t o P aragraph5,George Osborne may_.[A]allow greater government debt for housing[B]stop local authorities from building homes[C]pr epar e t o reduce housing stock debt[D]release a lifted GDP growth forecast39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities.40.The author believes that after2015,the government may[A]implement m o r e policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants pr o g r a mme[D]stop gener ous funding t o the housing sector―PartBDirections:R ead the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left columnthat corresponds to each of the mark ed details given in the right column. There are two extrachoices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)Uncommon Ground –Land Art in BritainThe term Land Art brings to mind epic interventions in the land such as R obert Smith son‘sSpiral Jetty, 6,500 tons of basalt, earth and salt projecting into Utah‘s Great Salt Lake, or RodenCrater , an extinct volcano in Arizona, which James T urrell has been transforming into an immense nak ed-eye observatory since 1979.Richard Long‘s A Li ne Made By Walking, however , involved nothing more strenuous than a20-minute train ride from W aterloo. Having got off some wher e in suburbia, the artist walkedbackwards and forwards over a piece of grass until the sq uashe d turf formed a line – a kind of drawing on the land.Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of arange of new forms, including Body Art, P erformance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, whichpushed art bey on d the traditional confines of the studio and gallery . Rather than portraying landscape, land artists u se d the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The message of this survey of British land art – the most comprehensive to date – is that theBritish variant, typified by Lon g‘s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkierth an its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long‘s photograph of his work is the work. Since his acti on‖ is in the p ast the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains alot of black -and-white p h ot og raphs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain‘s best -known Land Artist and his S tone Circle, a perfect ring of purplishrocks from P ortishead beach laid out on the gallery floor , represents the elegant, rarefied side ofthe form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urb an aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf S treet Study , a square of brick -strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterises most of our experience of thelandscape most of the time.―Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard‘s very funny Across thePark, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittinglyassaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towardslandscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the WiltshireD owns. While it probably wasn‘t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of W ordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman‘s yellow -tinted film T owards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel P almer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can‘t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply founda way of making his love of walking pay . A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a singlebeautiful black -and-white photograph tak en on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days tak en listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn‘t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape -orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of T urner and Constable.[A] originates from a long walk that the artist took41. S tone Circle42. Olaf Street Study43. Across the Park 44. T owards Avebury 45. Seven days[B] illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art[C] reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.[D] represents the elegance of the British land art [E] depicts the ordinary side of the British land art[F] embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish out doors [G] contains images from different parts of the s ame photograph.Section III T ranslation46. Directions:T ranslate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that‘sperpetually half fall. But that‘s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn‘t r ecommend. Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.‖ says T al Ben-Shahar , a Harvard professor , According t o Ben- Shalar ,realistic optimists are these who mak e the best of things that happen,bu t no t those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers.When he feels down-sag,after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission t o be human.He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner;some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction,He analyzes the weak lecture,leaning lessons,for the future abo ut what works and what doesn‘t.Finally,there is perspective,which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life,one lecture really doesn‘t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are going to study abr o ad and share an ap artment with John,a local student.Write him t o email t o1)t ell him abo u t your living habits,and2)ask for advice a bo u t living there.Y ou should write a bo u t100words on answer sheet.Do no t use your own name.Part B48.Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET.(15points)Y ou should1.interpret the chart,and2.give your comments.Y ou should write a bo u t150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)。
英语二考研大纲(一)
英语二考研大纲(一)Studying for the English section of the National English Proficiency Test is a daunting task for many graduate students. 考研英语二大纲内容繁多，考生需要掌握大量的词汇、语法和阅读技巧。
The exam covers a wide range of topics, from reading comprehension to writing essays, and requires a thorough understanding of English language. 考试对考生的英语能力要求很高，需要他们具备在不同场景下运用英语的能力。
One of the biggest challenges for students preparing for the exam is the extensive vocabulary that is required. 英语二考研大纲要求考生掌握大量的词汇，包括常见词汇和专业术语。
Remembering and understanding this many words can be overwhelming for many students. 记忆这么多词汇对许多考生来说是一个挑战，需要他们花费大量的时间和精力来学习和掌握。
Another important aspect of the exam is the ability to understand and analyze complex texts. 在考试中，阅读理解是一个重要的部分，要求考生能够理解和分析文章内容。
This requires strong reading comprehension skills and the ability to critically think about theinformation presented. 这需要考生具备较强的阅读理解能力和分析能力，以便能够理清文章的逻辑结构和观点。
考研历年英语二大、小作文真题及范文大全(2011—2014)1117
历年英语二大、小作文真题及范文（2011—2014）一、2014年英语二作文真题1. 小作文Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to1) tells him, about your living habit ,and2) ask for advice for living thereDo not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 Points)2. 大作文Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should interpret the chart, and give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)3. 范文小作文：征求建议信Dear John,I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department. Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask you for some suggestions to adapt myself there.我是李明，他将去贵校学习，和你一起住在一个系里。
现在我写这封信是想告诉你我的一些习惯，并要求你给我一些建议使我适应那里。
2015年考研英语(二)翻译大纲解析
2015年考研英语（二）翻译大纲解析在所有考研学子的殷切期待中，2015年考研大纲解析于9月13日隆重出炉。
值得庆幸的是，英语（二）翻译大纲和去年没有任何变化，广大考生尽可放心地按原计划复习。
尽管如此，为了帮助英语（二）考生把握好备考的方向，本文将从考研英语翻译的两个最重要因素——理解和表达——进行大纲解读。
英语（二）翻译部分考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力，考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺，共15分。
考研英语（二）的翻译部分与大家所熟悉的英语（一）不同，英语（二）考试的翻译部分属于段落翻译，而段落翻译对上下文理解上的依赖性更强。
翻译中最重要的就是理解与表达。
第一步是理解句子内部的逻辑关系，而这种逻辑关系首先体现为句法关系。
理解句法关系必然需要考生具备足够的语言知识，也就是必须有语法做基础。
另外，所要翻译的内容还是由学科知识构成，英语（二）和英语（一）在内容上的不同体现在英语（二）更生活化，涉及很多生活领域中的知识，也较容易理解。
因此考生平时要注意积累相关的知识。
理解的第二步是理解词义。
这一步涉及单词的意义选择。
英语中一词多义和汉语中的一字多义一样，是常见的语言现象。
越是常用的词，其释义越繁多，搭配也越丰富。
如果没有选择正确的词义，很难达到理解。
词义的选择有多方面的影响因素，如词的难度或上下文的难易程度。
考生们必须在不断的翻译练习中提高词义选择的能力。
在翻译的过程中，有了正确的理解并不等于翻译已经完成。
正确的理解是翻译中正确表达的基础；没有正确的理解，正确的表达也就无从谈起。
反之，翻译没有正确的表达，正确的理解也是枉然，翻译也就不成翻译。
在理解的基础之上，下一步需要做的就是表达，即将英语转化为汉语。
有的时候，在同一个正确理解的基础上，我们会有多种正确的表达方法，我们应选用最符合汉语习惯的表达。
这一步主要涉及选词和运用一定的翻译技巧。
2023年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语二试题真题(含答案)
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment18. [A] famous [B] responsible[C] available [D] respective19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D] unless20. [A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern above real grass supply23. In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] urge legislation to restrict its use[B] take measures to guarantee its quality[C] remind its users to obey existing rules[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .[A] is being improved continuously[B] has been a market share decline[C] is becoming affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visits to parks28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks' recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they________[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______[A] is able to cope with shortages[B] is able to meet visitors' demand[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that isnot available on the Internet." I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still, other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ________[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of "cognitive offloading"________[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our way of learning[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ________[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus decline with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ______[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of the past[D] show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study[A] explores teenagers' social resposibilities[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate[B] It is cultivated through education[C] It is subject to family influence[D] It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers ______[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, productsand systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says. However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”[A] The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry [B] Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham [C] There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford [D] The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly [E] Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor [F] The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G] The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.【参考答案】41.D42.F43.B44.A45.GSection III Translation46. Directions:Translate following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really cometo life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。
历年考研英语二真题及答案
考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantage of electronic money, you might think that we should move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically _1 , a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2_ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very 3_ of money itself”， only to 4_ itself several years later. Why has the movement to cashless society been so 5_ in coming1. A moreover B however C therefore D otherwise2. A off B back C over D around3. A power B history C concept D sole4. A reverse B resist C resume D reward5. A silent B slow C sudden D steadySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines。
考研英语二大纲及样题
D
(1)语法
我们英语二规定了总共有八个语法点，具体的语法点是要考的。只要把这八点做到了，基本上就没问题了。首先第一个就是名词、代词它的用法，数和格，就是可数不可数，这种会考。第二个是形容词。第三个是动词，动词包括时态、语态，时态就是常见的，比如一般现在、一般将来这样子的过去时，语态就是主动和被动。第四点常用连词，连词大家知道常用的就是七个，这个大家把它准备好了，估计在考察语法方面不大。第五个就是非谓语动词，就是不定式和名词。第六个虚拟语气，具体有什么样的表现形式，以及虚拟语气在语言中起到一个什么样的作用，这个应该是一个考察的重点。第七个就是从句，列了宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句。第八个同谓语从句，只要把这些语法点梳理下来了，大概有一个基本概念就没问题了。
第二部分，英语一这部分规定了三种题型，一种是七选五，给你七个选五个。第二种是搭配，第三个是排序。最近几年一直考的是七选五，是比较成熟的题型。英语二第二部分，就是新题型部分也规定了三种题型，这三种题型跟英语一非常不一样，第一种题型就是它给一篇文章，让你看，看完了以后让你做一个配队，左边有一系列小短句子，右边有一系列补全这个句子的成份，七个选五个，配比下来，有两个选不到，这个难度比较低，只要对文章有一个整体的大概的理解应该都可以做。第二种就是小标题，我们也叫搭配题，就是用标题和文章段落进行搭配，这个跟英语一是完全一致的。第三种，是让你先读文章，有五个句子，让你根据文章的意思判断正误，这个难度更低了，你猜一下也有五成的把握。所以英语二第二部分，就是Part B这个难度比较低。
第一点，英语一要求大家能够理解文章中概念性的含义，而英语二是没有的。也就是文章中不太会出现一些特别抽象的，特别复杂的费解的概念。
第二点，它只要求进行相关的判断、推理，而不需要进行相关的引申，没有引申，也就是说在英语二中如果出现我们阅读理解中的一种题型，叫做推理题的话，它推理的难度要小于英语一。
英语二考试大纲解析
英语二考试大纲解析英语二考试大纲解析(精选3篇)考研大纲是对考研科目的考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构等权威政策指导性考研用书。
下面给大家分享英语二考试大纲解析，希望能够帮助大家!英语二考试大纲解析（篇1）一、对照新旧大纲作对比并整理每年考研大纲发布后，会有一些考点的删减和新增，对于同学们来说，这些不同往往需要格外关注，是考试的重点。
比如毛中特部分，新增的考点往往还意味着党和国家在整体政策方面的调整，这对于后面的材料分析与时事政治分析题的准备也有重大影响。
二、删除的知识点记住即可，无需太多关注。
在梳理和对比时，要注意逻辑与知识脉络的搭建。
不要机械地归纳，而应该在整理中逐渐领悟考纲新变，同时结合自身的水平，对自己所需的复习进度有一个比较清晰的认知。
三、结合大纲，做好练习在知道考研大纲的变化之后，就需要结合大纲做练习了，用练习检测自己的考纲复习状况，找出忽略的、没完全弄懂的，或者理解错误的知识点，让自己的复习效果达到最优。
最后对于练习中的错误做好总结，并多加记录和回顾。
四、着重看考纲细节变化由于每年大纲总体上变化不大，但是一些细小的地方变化却是很大的，需要同学们自己注意留心一下。
列如去年的考研英语大纲中，大纲给出的词汇数量并无改变，但大纲的词表后面给出了一些词缀的加强和注释，此处变化看似普通，实质却意味着考研英语对词义深度与延伸词汇有了新的要求标准。
因此我们要了解细节变化，调整复习倾向，万万不可忽视。
英语二考试大纲解析（篇2）大纲的作用，除了给同学们一个准备方向，更重要的，还是给命题老师一个命题的标准。
想到自己竟然拿到了考研命题标准，是不是觉得自己已经胜券在握?是的，在某种程度上，你可以这样认为;但是，只是看到大纲还远远不够。
你是否真的了解大纲，是否真的知道所增加或删减的字词背后所代表的实际意义?努力固然重要，但朝着正确方向努力，才是成功的正解。
现在我们就一起来看看今年的《大纲》的变化。
都言“得阅读者得天下”，阅读部分的重要性，从其分值分布就可见一斑。
考研英语(二)考试大纲
考研英语(二)考试大纲教育部考试中心在xx年8月26日公布了《xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲》，与去年的考纲相比，今年的考纲未进展任何调整和变化。
现在基于最新大纲和历年真题命题规律，对xx年考研英语的考查要求和试卷构造进展全面分析。
从语言知识来看，与去年大纲相比，词汇局部仍然要求"考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组。
考生应能根据详细语境、句子构造或上下文理解一些常用词的词义。
"常用"两字道出了英语(二)和英语(一)的考查区别。
万学·海文通过研究历年真题发现，英语(一)常常考查词汇表中偏难一点的词汇和用法，并且对词汇进展深度挖掘。
而英语(二)那么主要考查词汇表中偏"常见"一些的词汇和用法。
所以不同的考生学习重点是不一样的。
再者，提示广阔考生，在xx年考纲中新增的59个单词，在今年的新考纲中依然出现，这59个单词一定是复习xx考研英语的重点。
(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比拟级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的构造及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的构造及其用法。
这说明，与英语(一)相比，英语(二)对语法的考查范围相对较小，更加注重根底。
明确了大纲要求，同学们复习起来会更加有的放矢。
就语言技能而言，与去年大纲相比，xx年大纲没有任何变化，继续突出阅读和写作的重要性，关于阅读，英语(二)大纲明确了考查文章的题材、体裁和阅读能力要求;关于写作，英语(二)大纲要求"根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作"，考生需要到达的标准是"思想明确，切中题意，构造清晰，条理清楚，用词恰当，无明显语言错误"，这些属于最根本的写作要求。
2021年考研《英语(二)》大纲解读
2021年考研《英语(二)》大纲解读2021年考研英语(二)大纲与前两年相比，在内容上基本没有什么变化。
我们此次对大纲的解读，不是简单的对比历年考纲的内容，而是一种体会，是一种在对2021年和2021年两年英语(二)真题进行认真研究后的一种再认识。
从对真题的认真分析中，体会大纲所列考查要求的目的，从而更有针对性的进行复习。
一、词汇2021年考研英语(二)大纲中明确规定了考生应熟练掌握的5500个左右常用英语词汇和相关常用词组。
附录部分专门列出了“常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家或地区、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词”。
这部分内容对于考生总结常用词汇和词组非常有帮助，考生应给予高度重视。
词汇是基础。
首先，考生在准备词汇时，不要机械地背单词，单词的记忆最好结合具体语境。
通过阅读练习扩大词汇量是最好的方法。
其次，对于常用词汇，考生不仅要掌握其意思，更重要的是要掌握其用法。
二、语法2021年考研英语(二)中列出了八个语法点。
考生应熟练掌握这八个语法点。
比如：虚拟语气和各类从句，在英译汉部分就是考查的重点。
熟练掌握这两个语法点，从而更好的理解译文，以及更准确的进行翻译。
三、英语知识与运用考查的重点是语篇综合理解能力和语言基本功。
语篇综合理解能力是指对语篇的逻辑关系和语义衔接方面的理解。
语言基本功方面重点练习同义、近义词语的辨析;熟练掌握一些短语或固定词组的用法;注意一些介词、连词和关系代词的用法。
四、阅读备考阶段选取：经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等题材的文章作为练习材料。
考查目标中对考生语言技能之阅读方面的能力降低了要求。
2021年考研大纲对阅读理解部分的语言技能要求如下：1. 只需“进行有关的判断和推理”，不需要进行“引申”，意味着“推理判断题”难度降低。
2. “根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义”，意味着语义理解题数量要增加。
3. “理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系”。
英语中常见的语篇结构有四种模式：问题-解决模式、概括-具体模式、主张-反主张模式、及提问-回答模式。
2023年英语(二)考研大纲
全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考试大纲（非英语专业）I．考试性质英语（二）考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II．考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1.词汇考生应掌握5500个左右的单词及相关附表中的内容（见附录1）。
附录1的词汇表仅包含单词的基本词形未包含单词的读音、词性、意义和形态变化等。
考生应在听、说、读、写等语言实践中学习和掌握这些内容。
同时考生应掌握单词的习惯用法，包括搭配、固定表达等，并掌握单词之间的语义关系，如上下文关系、同义关系、反义关系等。
此外，考生还应掌握转化、合成等英语构词法，能根据常用的前缀和后缀（见附录2）进行单词的派生，掌握常见的缩写词（见附录2）。
英语二试卷中出现超过词汇表及相关附表的单词时，不会给出中文注释，但是会严格控制此类单词的数量。
2.语法、语篇、语用语法知识指词、词组、分句、句子的语法单位的类别、构成和功能等，语篇知识指书面和口头语篇的组织结构及上下文衔接和连贯，语用知识指特定的语言运用情境中，言语功能，话语规范及语体、修辞等表达形式。
本大纲不列出语法、语篇、语用知识的具体项目考生应在听、说、读、写等语言实践中学习和掌握这些内容，提高准确性，丰富性和得体性，能熟练运用具体语境，有效把握和传递信息，实现特定的交际意图。
（二）语言技能考生应掌握理解英语话语意义的能力，包括听力理解能力和阅读理解能力；掌握运用英语表达意义的能力，包括口头表达能力和书面表达能力，英语（二）考试重点考查阅读和写作两种技能。
1．阅读考生应能读懂多种话题、多种类型的语言较复杂的文字材料话。
包括科技、经济、教育、社会、历史、文化等，类型包括新闻、评论、报告、论文、专著等。
2005-2017年历年考研英语二翻译真题(推荐文档)
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and ill ustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species”is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.”(49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语二）46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopul ar word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone sai d, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”Section Ⅲ Translation最近，“承受力”\坚持不懈”成了一个流行词，但对Ted Ning来说，他对其含义有自己亲身的体会。
2010年考研英语(二)大纲阅读理解新题型B样题
2010年考研英语（二）大纲新题型样题Sample 1（多项对应）Directions:Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years, and oil prices have more than tripled since the start of 2004. These food-price increases combing with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing wo es do exist, but we’ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. The first is the chronically low productivity of farmers in the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. The second is the misguided policy in the U.S. and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol. The third is climate change; take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. The fourth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains brought on by swelling populations and incomes. In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking the hardest blow.So, what should be done? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds. Malawi’s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all. Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and malaria is controlling those diseases.Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert corn from the food and feed-grain supply. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods-tree crops (like palm oil), grasses and wood products-but there’s no case for doling out subsidies to put the world’s dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world’s crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond-which collects rainwater to be used foremergency irrigation in a dry spell- can make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet upon the promise.Key Answer: F G E C ASample 2（小标题）Directions:Read the following text and answer questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.A: Follow on linesB: Whisper: Keep It to YourselfC: Word of Experience: Stick to ItD: Code of Success: Freed and TargetedE: Efficient Work to Promote Efficient WorkersF: Recipe: Simplicity Means EverythingG: Efficiency Comes from OrdersEvery decade has its defining self-help business book. In the 1940s it was How to Win Friends and Influence People, in the 1990s The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. These days we’re worried about something much simpler: Getting Things Done41__________________________________That’s the title of productivity guru David Allen’ pithy 2001 treatise on working efficiently, which continues to resonate in this decade’ overworked, overwhelmed, overteched workplace. Allen hasn’t just sold 500,000 copies of his book. He has preached his message of focus, discipline and creativity everywhere from Sony and Novartis to the World Bank and the U.S. Air Force. He counsels swamped chief executives on coping with information overload. He ministers to some clients with an intensive, two-day, $6,000 private session in which he and his team organize their lives from top to bottom. And he has won the devotions of acolytes who document on their blogs how his Getting Things Done (GTO) program has changed their lives.42.______________________________________Allen admits that much of his basic recipe is common sense. Free your mind, and productivity will follow. Break down projects and goals into discrete, definable actions, and you won’t be bothered by all those loose threads pulling at your attention. First make decisions about what needs to get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it. If you’ve catalogued everything you have to do and all your long-term goals, Allen says, you’re less likely to wake up at 3 a.m. worrying about whether you’ve forgotten something: “Most people haven’t realized how out of control their head is when they get 300 e-mails a day and each of them has potential meaning.”43. _____________________________________________________When e-mails, phones calls and to-to lists are truly under control, Allen says, the real change begins. You will finally be able to use your mind to dream up great ideas and enjoy your life rather than just occupy it with all the things you’ve got to do. Allen himself, despite running a $5.5 million consulting practice, traveling 200 days a year and juggling a business that’s growing 40% every years, finds time to joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpt bonsai plants. Oh, and he had earned his black belt in karate.44.__________________________________________Few companies have embraced Allen’s philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills, the Minnesota-based maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms. Allen began at the company with a couple of private coaching sessions for top executives, who raved about his guidance. Allen and his staff now hold six to eight two-day training sessions a year. The company has already put more than 2,000 employees through GTD training and plans to expand it company-wide. “Fads come and go,” says Kevin Wilde, General Mills’ CEO, “but this continuous to work.”45.___________________________________________________________The most fevered followers of Allen’s organizational methodology gather online. Websites like gtdindex, marvelz, corn parse. Allen’s every utterance. The 43 Folders blog ran an eight-part pod-cast interview with him. GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on whatsthenextaction. Com gather best practice techniques forimplementing the book’s ideas. More than 60 software tools have been built specifically to supplement Allen’s system.Key Answer: E D G C ASample 3（判断正误）Directions:Read the following text and answer questions by deciding each of the statements after the text is True or False. Choose T if the statement is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1A Tree Project Helps the Genes of Champions Live OnAs an eagle wheels overhead against a crystalline blue sky, Martin Flanagan walks toward a grove of towering cottonwood trees beside the Yellowstone River, which is the color of chocolate milk due to the spring rain.As Mr. Flanagan leaves the glaring sun of the prairie and enters the shady grove, his eyes search for specific tree. As he reaches a narrow-leaf cottonwood, a towering gian t, he cranes his neck to look at the top, “This is the one I plan to nominate for state champion,” he says, petting the bark with his hand. “It’s a beauty, isn’t?”When Europeans first came to North America, one of the largest primeval forests in the world covered much of the continent. Experts say a squirrel could have traveled from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River without touching the ground. But only about 3 percent of America’s native old-growth forest remains, and many of the trees th ey hold are those that were not big enough to attract a logger’s eye. The result is a generation of trees that barely resemble the native forests that once covered the country.That makes some scientists suspect that the surviving forests have lost much of their genetic quality, the molecular muscle that made them dominate the landscape. When the loggers swept through, these scientists say, only poor specimens were left to reproduce. Other researchers wonder whether environmental factors or just plain luck may explain a good part of the supertrees’ success.To answer those questions, the mightiest trees of their types, or genetically identical offspring, must be preserved for study, and that is what is being done by a handful of enthusiasts, including Mr. Flanagan and David Milarch, a nurseryman Copemish, Michigan. They are searching out the largest tree of each species and taking cuttings of new growth to make copies of genetic clones of the giants. With tissue culture and grafting, they have reproduced 52 of the 827 living giants and are planting the offspring in what they call “living libraries.” More than 20,000 offspring have been planted.The work is part of the Champion Tree Project, which began in 1996 with financial help from the National Tree Trust, a nonprofit group in Washington.“Those big trees are the last links to the boreal forests,” Mr. Milarch, presidents of the champion Tree Project, said.State and federal agencies and private organizations have been keeping track of the largest trees in each state for some time. The largest effort is the National Register of Big Trees, run by American Forests, a 125-year-old nonprofit group based in Washington. But the Champion Tree Project takes things a step further by making it possible for the largest trees to live on.Eventually the Champion Tree Project hopes to reproduce enough genetically superior trees for a nationwide reforestation project. The offspring of the native trees, should they prove genetically superior, could be especially valuable in urban settings, where the average tree lives just 7 to 10 years. But things like soil conditions, moisture and other environmental factors can also affect the success of the trees.41. Water in the Yellowstone River turned dark brown because of the spring rain.42. The cottonwood tree Mr. Flanagan found was an extremely tall tree with broad leaves.43. In the days when Europeans first came to America, it had one of the largest primeval forests in the world.44. Some scientists have the suspicion that the surviving forests have lost much of their genetic quality because they were the offspring of poor specimens.45. The offspring of the supertrees have proved to be genetically superior to those of the average trees.Key Answer: T F T T F。
2024考研英语二 考试大纲
2024考研英语二考试大纲
2024年考研英语二考试大纲主要包括以下内容：
1. 考试性质：英语二考试旨在考查考生的英语应用能力，特别是阅读、翻译和写作等方面的能力。
2. 考试内容与题型：英语二考试主要包括四个部分，分别是阅读理解、翻译、写作和完形填空。
具体题型和分值分配如下：
阅读理解：共25题，每题2分，共50分。
分为两个部分，Part A和Part B。
Part A包括4篇文章，每篇文章5题；Part B包括1篇文章，有5题。
翻译：共15分。
要求考生将一篇英文文章翻译成中文。
写作：共25分。
要求考生写两篇作文，一篇小作文（应用文）和一篇大作文（议论文）。
完形填空：共10分。
要求考生在一篇文章中填入适当的单词。
3. 词汇要求：英语二考试要求考生掌握约5500个英语单词和常用短语。
4. 考试形式：考试时间为180分钟，采用闭卷、笔试的形式进行。
以上是大致的考试大纲内容，具体要求和题型可能会根据不同年份有所调整，建议考生在备考时仔细阅读当年的考试大纲，了解具体的考试要求和题型。
考研英语二历年真题(2010—2015年)
2015年全国研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(10points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a1undergroundIt’s a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you.But you wouldn’t know it，3into your phone.This universal armor sends the4：“Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide5our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be6as“creep,”We fear we’II be7We fear we’II be disruptive Strangers are inherently8to us，so we are more likely to feel9when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety,we10to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket，“Wortmann says.”They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more11.”But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn’t 12so bad.In one2011experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14."When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their16would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,"the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience,after they17withthe experiment,"not a single person reported having been snubbed.”18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19human beings thrive off of social connections.It's that20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signall[D]record2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from6.[A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungreatful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring12.[A]hurt[B]resis[C]bend[D]decay13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D]design16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride17.[A]went through[B]did away[C]caught up[D]put up18.[A]In turn[B]In particular[C]In fact[D]In consequence19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]Iogical[D]rareSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Text1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys.People art actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortntlol.Which is it at stress marker.While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,”writes one of the researchers.Sarah Damaske,In fact women say they feel better at work.She notes.“it is men not women.Who report being bappicr at home than at work,”Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace inmaking adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they’re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph1，most previous su rveys found that home___________[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C]Childless wives[D]Working fathers23The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact thay___________[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line4，Para4)most probably means___________[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____________[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewardedText2For years,studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created“a paradox”in that recruiting first-generation students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen,rather than close”achievement gap based on social class,according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program)can close63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their findins are based on a study involving147students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of thefirst-generation students(59.1percent)were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for8.6percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration students”struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the‘rules of the game，’and take advantage of college resou rces,”they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students’like them can improve26.Recruiting more first-generation students has[A]reduced their d ropout rates[B]narrowed the achievement gao[C]missed its original pu rpose[D]depressed college students27The author of the research article are optimistic because[A]the problem is solvable[B]their approach is costless[q the recruiting rate has increased[D]their finding appeal to students28The study suggests that most first-gene ration students[A]study at private universities[B]are from single-pa rent families[q are in need of financial support[D]have failed their collage29.The author of the paper believe that first-generation students[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students[C]may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that——[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices，“the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was20years ago，"said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples.“If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune500companies in1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion.There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn’t talk about energy;we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very“team”-oriented-and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious;it’s the idea that I’m a coach，and you’re my team，and we’re in thistogethec.There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win".These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，”said KhuranaThis new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The“mommy wars”of the1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your“passion,”you’II be more likely to devote yourself to it，even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，but manage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said，“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”In a workplace that’s fundamentally indiffe rent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are31.According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become________[A]more e motional[B]more objective[C]less energetic[D]less energetic[E]less strategic32.“team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________[A]historical incidents[B]gender difference[C]sports culture[D]athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________[A]revive historical terms[B]promote company image[C]foster corporate cooperation[D]strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________[A]voices for working women[B]appeals to passionate workaholics[C]triggers dcbates among mommies[D]praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C]Companies find it to be fundamental[D]Regular people mock it but accept itText4Many people talked of the288,000new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure,along with the drop in the unemployment take to6J percent.at good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now830,000(4,4percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They takepart-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by640,000(7.9percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes.”they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only elassified as voluntarypart-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than35hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However,Obamacare has allowed more than12million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A.The prospect of a thriving job market.B.The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C.The possibility of full employment.D.The acceleration of job creation.37.Many people work part-time because theyA.prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB.feel that is enough to make ends meetC.cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD.haven't seen the weakness of the market38.Involuntary part-time employment in the USA.is harder to acquire than one year agoB.shows a general tendency of declineC.satisfies the real need of the joblessD.is lower than before the recession39.It can be learned that with Obamacare,.A.it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB.employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC.it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD.full-time employment is still essential for insurance40.The text mainly discusses.A.employment in the USB.part-timer classificationC.insurance through MedicaidD.Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]You are not alone[B]Experience helps you grow[C]Pave your own unique path[D]Most of your fears are unreal[E]Think about the present moment[F]Don’t fear responsibility for your life[G]There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately,life is not a bed of roses.We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover,we are grieving various kinds of loss:a friendship,romantic relationship or a house.Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over,we press forward,stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life.Furthermore,these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness.I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._______________________________Fear is both useful and harmful.This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it.Unfortunately,people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears.My favorite actor Will Smith once said,“Fear is not real.It is a product of thoughts you create.Do not misunderstand me.Danger is very real.But fear is a choice.”I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42.________________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past,try to focus on the present moment.Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future.You may feel guilt over your past,but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change.Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive.Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past,but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43.________________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times.You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44._______________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is,you should always remember that you are not alone.Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life,especially your dearest and nearest people.You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor,help and companionship.If you have no friends or relatives,try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45._______________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining ivity from external sources.This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapableof managing your own life.When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best.You live in your skin,think your own thoughts,have your own values and make your own choices.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar.It could be your commute to work,a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is,you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect:people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.When we travel down awell-known route,because we don’t have to concentrate much,time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards,when we come to think back on it,we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it.So we assume it was shorter.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Direerions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students.Write a notice to1)briefly introduce the camp activities,and2)call for volunteers.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,your should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comment.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.参考答案：完型填空题1.C signal2.D much3.C plugged4.A message5.C behind6.A misinterpreted7.B judged8.D unfamiliar9.B anxious10.D turn11.A dangerous12.A hurt13.B conversation14.D passengers15.C predict16.D ride17.A went through18.C in fact19.B since20B simple阅读题答案Text121.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.B childless husbands23.A they are both bread winners and housewives24.C earnings25.B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutText226.C miss its original purpose27.A the problem is solvable28.C are in need offinancial support29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text331.A more emotional32.C sports culture33.D strengthen employee loyalty34.A voices for working women35.C companies find it to be fundamentalText436.B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs37.C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs38.B shows a general tendency of decline39.B empolyment is no longer a precondition to get insureance40.B part-timer classification阅读新题型41.D Most of your fearsare unreal42.E Think about the[resent moment43.G There are many things to be grateful for44.A You are not alone45.C Pave your own unique path翻译题回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。
考研英语二考试大纲 (2)
考研英语二考试大纲1. 考试目标考研英语二考试是为了评估考生在英语听说读写方面的能力，以确定他们是否适合进行研究生学习。
考试主要包括听力、阅读、翻译和写作四个部分。
2. 考试时间和形式考研英语二考试时间为150分钟，采用笔试形式。
3. 考试内容3.1 听力理解考生需要听取录音材料，理解其中的信息，并回答相关问题。
3.2 阅读理解考生需要阅读一篇长文和几篇短文，并回答相关问题。
考试内容涵盖了各个领域的知识，如科学、技术、文化等。
3.3 翻译考生需要翻译一篇英文短文或汉语短文。
3.4 写作考生需要完成一个写作任务，如写一篇议论文、图表描述或观点阐述等。
写作内容应具备逻辑性和连贯性。
4. 考试要求4.1 听力理解考生需要理解录音材料中的主要信息，包括对话、讲座、广播等。
考试内容会涉及到各种场景和语境，考生需要具备较好的听力理解能力。
4.2 阅读理解考生需要读懂文章中的主旨和细节。
在阅读过程中，考生需要注意理解作者的观点、推理和逻辑关系。
阅读材料的难度逐渐增加，考生需要具备较高的阅读能力。
4.3 翻译考生需要熟悉英文和汉语之间的语言表达差异，并能准确地将英文短文或汉语短文翻译成另一种语言。
4.4 写作考生需要具备较好的写作能力，能准确、流畅地表达观点。
写作时要注意结构清晰、逻辑严密，并能够用恰当的语言表达自己的观点。
5. 考试评分考试采用客观评分和主观评分相结合的方式。
听力、阅读和翻译部分采用客观评分，根据考生的答案是否正确进行评分。
写作部分采用主观评分，主要评估考生的写作能力和语言表达能力。
6. 考试备考建议6.1 听力理解考生可以通过听英语新闻、英语电影和英语讲座来提高听力能力，并做相关的听力练习。
6.2 阅读理解考生可以通过阅读英文杂志、英文报纸和英文小说来提高阅读能力，并做相关的阅读理解练习。
6.3 翻译考生可以通过比较和分析英文和汉语之间的语言差异，提高翻译能力，并做相关的翻译练习。
6.4 写作考生可以通过写作练习来提高写作能力，可以选择一些热门话题进行写作，同时注意文章结构和语言表达的准确性。
历年考研英语二真题+答案解析
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[A] [B] [C] [D]19. [A] [B] [C] [D]20. [A] [B] [C] [D]A. A, B, C D. 1. (40 )1, “ America,” , a a : , “aa . , .”’sa , , ., , , . , , . ’t . ’t , , , . ,—. ., , . , , . ’s . , “ 10 2009, [.] 70 ; — 6 —.”’t ’ . , a “E ” : “ a . a . , , , a . ... a . ’s , , . , ‘ ’‘ .’ ’ , , . ... ? . ’ , , . . ... $100 . a a , a , 42 —.”’t a . ’s China: “ ’s , .[] . A 8,000 ’s , . a a , a a 12 . 96 , 10,000 a . ‘ ,’ . ‘’s .’ ”, , , a , . “ a , , , , .”—, , . . , . 25 :a , 13.8 ; a , 8.7 ; , 7.7 ; ’s , 4.1 .a , , . 21 .21. 1[A] [B][C] [D]22. 3, a ,[A] [B] a[C] [D]23. 4[A][B] a[C][D]24. , ,[A] . [B][C] [D] 2125. ?[A] [B][C] [D]2aA , . a , 7 2 . a , , Italy . , “,” ., . : , . , . ‟t , . . , , . . , , , , , ‟s . a , , a a ., , . a a . .. .26 “ ”[A] Atlantic. [B] .[C] a . [D] .27 2[A] . [B] .[C] . [D] .28, ’s[A] . [B] a .[C] . [D] .29[A] . [B] .[C] . [D] .30 ?[A] : . [B] : .[C] : . [D] : .3, a , , .; , , . . , , a , . a , .‟t . University Toronto a a 20 , . ‟ , a .. a ( ), a . , ., , “”“” . . a , a ; , .: a . 12 . , ‟t . .31. .[A] [B][C] [D]32. a .[A] [B][C] [D]33. .[A] [B][C] [D]34. .[A] [B]‘‘ ’’[C] [D]35. ’s .[A] [B] [C] [D]4a , —14 Europe .a 60 . , a . 40 . a :24 .?“, I ’t ,” . “ i .” : “ ,”, a France .I ’s . I ’t ; , . , , a ., US —“ ” . , ,—.’s , a .36. , .[A] [B][C] [D]37. ’s .[A] a [B] a[C] a ’s [D] a38. , .[A] [B][C] [D]39. ’s ’s .[A] [B] [C] [D]40. .[A] [B][C] [D] “ ”B:a a . (41-45) 1. (10 )[A] a[B][C][D][E][F][G] ,. , £60 a , £40 , 10 £130,000 a I 's '" a . , . " . I , a , . I'd . 's a ." 's a . 's , ' - - " a , " - a . 's .41't , 's , . I a , . : 's . 's a , , ,' .42; . 's a . , ' , , 350g , .43- 's . , , , . , ' a , " ' .44, a . , , . ' ' , , , .45't a , a a - £1.75 a £21 - " a . 's £16.95 - £12.99 a 's: I I'd .46. : . 2. (15 )I a 53 I , , I’ , I 4.I . . I a , I –. I 't 's .'t . I I . I –.47a .1)2) 100 . 't .(10 )B (15 )48,(1) ,(2)150 .2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题标准答案I （10）1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3031 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4041 42 43 44 45Ⅲ最近，“承受力”\坚持不懈”成了一个流行词，但对来说，他对其含义有自己亲身的体会。
考研英语二翻译
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲【以下称考研英语（二）】的翻译部分北京新东方国内部唐静 2009年10月27日1.考研英语（二）的基本介绍根据专业学位研究生选拔特点和培养要求，初试外国语设置“英语（二）”供19个专业学位类别中的部分专业类别使用，原统考“英语”更名为“英语（一）”，除继续供统考使用外，部分对英语水平较高的专业学位类别也使用“英语（一）”。
2.考研英语（二）的翻译部分简介和基本分析简介：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共15分。
该试题处在试卷的第三部分。
基本分析：从试题难度看来，由于选择考小短文，而不是专门的长难句，所以比英语（一）的翻译总体难度要低。
但是，对学生的基本知识和翻译能力考查可谓相当全面。
文章不再如英语（一）的翻译那么抽象，但是明显涉及生活中方方面面的知识和各种话题。
从大纲样题中的B2B这个话题中的一些特有的术语，比如lead generation（基本翻译为“引导”）, lot（指交易：一批，一宗），intermediaries（中间商）等词的翻译来看，有难度。
再加上英语（二）的分值15分要比英语（一）要多，所以，考生还得从英语的基本功和翻译的基本技巧上着手，多看多做。
可以考虑选择英语（一）的部分阅读文章中的段落作为翻译的练习。
还需要补充说明的是，我查找了一下，大纲样题来自于一篇学术论文，题目是BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS ELECTRONIC COMMERCE，作者是Leyla MURADKHANOVA，命题人截取了这篇论文的“How Business-to-Business Sites Works”这一部分中的两小段。
3.考研英语（二）翻译部分大纲样题和答案Section III Translation46. Direction:In this section there is a text in English. Translate the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)There are different types of Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce sites that work in various ways and are broken into two major groups: the verticals and horizontals. Verticals are Business-to-Business (B2B) sites designed specifically to meet the needs of a particular industry, such as retail. Vertical sites are the most likely to contain community features like industry news, articles, and discussion groups. Horizontals provide products, goods, materials, or services that are not specific to a particular industry or company. Horizontals that retailers could use might provide travel, transportation services, office equipment, or maintenance and operating supplies.Horizontals and verticals can connect buyers and sellers together directly or act as intermediaries who f acilitate transactions. There isn’t one model that appears everywhere for Business-to-Business e-commerce. Business-to-Business (B2B) sites vary from those providing simple lead generation, to complex marketplaces serving a variety of buyers and sellers, to private extranets. Auctions allow multiple buyers to bid competitively for products from individual suppliers. Auctions can be used to get rid of surplus inventory by item or lot, or excess fixed assets like display fixtures.答案：46.以各种方式工作的“企业-企业”（B2B）电子商务网站包括不同的类别，主要分为两种：纵向网站和横向网站。
专硕英语2
专硕英语2专硕英语2主要考察以下内容：- 英语知识运用：主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
- 阅读理解：主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。
该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
A节为多项选择题，共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。
要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。
每篇文章设5题，共20题。
B节有两种备选题型，每次考试从中选择一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。
本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
备选题型包括：1. 多项对应，本部分为一篇长度为450-550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。
要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息；2. 小标题对应，在一篇长度为450-550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。
要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。
- 英译汉：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
共15分。
- 写作：该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。
共2题，25分。
A 节要求考生根据所给。
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2020年考研英语(二)考试大纲
2020年英语（二）考研大纲会在2019年秋季发布，近几年英语（二）考研大纲没有太大变化，参加2020年研究生考试（非英语专业）的同学可以先参考这份大纲进行复习。
I. 考试性质
英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II .考查目标
考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：
(一)语言知识
1. 语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：
(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;
(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;
(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;
(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;
(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;
(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;
(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;
(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
2. 词汇
考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
(二)语言技能
1. 阅读
考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。
题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。
根据阅读材料，考生应能：
(1)理解主旨要义;
(2)理解文中的具体信息;
(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;
(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;
(5)进行一定的判断和推理;
(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
2. 写作
考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构
(一)考试形式
考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。
考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。
(二)考试内容
试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用
主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
第二部分阅读理解
主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。
该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
A节(20小题)
本部分为多项选择题。
共四篇文章，总长度为1 500词左右。
要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。
考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。
每篇文章设5题，共20题。
每小题2分，共40分。
B节(5小题)
本部分有两种备选题型。
每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。
本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
备选题型包括：
1)多项对应
本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。
要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。
2)小标题对应
在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。
要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。
第三部分英译汉
考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
共15分。
第四部分写作
该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。
共2题，25分。
A节
考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。
共10分。
B节
要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论文。
提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。
共15分。