八年级下Unit--3-4专题讲解和练习题

八年级Unit 3-4专题讲解和练习题
重点句型
1. few 几乎没有修饰可数名词否认He has few friends.
a few 少数的修饰可数名词肯定He has a few friends.
little几乎没有修饰不可数名词否认There is little sugar in the bottle.
a little 少数的修饰不可数名词肯定There is a little sugar in the bottle
2. at least 至少----- at most 至多at first 最初----- at last 最后
3. problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词solve或settle〔解决〕搭配。

question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。

4. Could you please do sth ?请你〔做〕......好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比拟客气委婉。

Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。

回答用can.
【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.
否认回答： Sorry , I can’t
①( )— Could you please clean the room?— _____ I have to do my homework.
A. Yes, sure.
B. Why not?
C. Sorry, you can’t.
D. Sorry, I can’t.
②( )— Could I please ______? — Sorry, you can’t. Your mother has to use it.
A. do chores
B. go to the movies
C. use the car
D. go to school
③( )— Mum, Could I go to Beijing with you?
—Yes, ________. But you have to finish your homework first.
A. you can
B. you could
C. you can’t
D. you couldn’t
④( )—Would you like to come to my birthday party? —I’d love to, __I’m too busy.
A. and
B. if
C. so
D. but
5. take out 取出〔v+ adv〕
如代词做宾语，代词放中间；如名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边
【短语】
take out the trash 倒垃take a walk 散步 take away 拿走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下；起飞 take care of 照顾take up 占据take one’s temperature 量体温
6. finish doing sth 做完某事— Can you finish reading these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.
7. as...as ... 和......一样......
eg. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！as soon as 一.....就.....,引导时间状语从句。

(与if,when ,not until,主将从现原那么) eg: I’ll write to you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你来信。

8.neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语“某人〔主语〕也不〞
⑴ neither两者都不 neither …nor…既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定eg. Neither Tom nor Jim is a student ⑵表达“…也不……〞那么用“Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V 情 + 主〞 eg.—The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the second.
9. or 表并列〔否、疑〕and 〔肯〕or 表转折否那么，要不然
10.【拓展】 come 短语：
come over 过来 come across〔偶然〕发现come back 回来
come up with想出 come true实现come down下来
come from=be from come in/into进入,进来come on赶快,加油
come and go来来去去 come out出来，书出版come up上来
11. in front of 指在物体外部的前面 in the front of 指在物体部的前面
12. lend “借出〞“把某物借给某人〞lend sth to sb/ lend sb. sth.borrow“借入〞“向某人借某物〞borrow sth from sb keep “保管〞是延续性动词，通常表示借了某物多长时间
( ) 1 Could you ___ me your dictionary? I want to find the meaning of this new word. A. keep
B. lent
C. borrow
D. lend
( ) 2 I can ___ you my dictionary, but you can ____ it for only a week.
A. borrow; borrow
B.' lend; borrow
C. borrow; keep
D. lend; keep
( ) 3 -May I____ your bike?-Certainly, but you mustn't____ it to others.
A. lend; lend
B. borrow; lend
C. borrow; borrow
D. lend; borrow
13. invite v → invitation n 邀请 (1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2) invite sb. to +地点邀请某人去某地
14. waste 浪费1) n. a waste of 浪费 eg. a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱 2) v. waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth在做某事上花费时间/金钱
15 (1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人 spend +时间/钱+on sthspend +时间/钱+〔in〕doing sth (2) pay →paid→paid v 支付，主语是人sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth (3) cost→cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱(4)take→took→ taken v 花费. 主语是it
It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
16. in order to “目的是；为了〞后接动词原形。

in order to do sth 为了做某事
17. get up 起床 get back 返回get over 克制 get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失
get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb. get out of从…出来get warm 变暧get ready for 为…做准备18 提供provide 为应急等做好准备而“提供；供给〞 provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物offer 侧重表示“愿意给予〞 offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事 supply 定期“供给〞 supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
19. depend on 1〕依靠；eg. Children these days depend on their parents too much2〕取决于
20. keep “保持〞
1) keep + adj . We must keep healthy.
2) keep + n.+adj . We must keep the room clean.
3) keep ( on ) doing sth He was in great pain but he kept on working
4) keep sb. doing sth I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
21. as a result 结果〔插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开〕
eg. Don’t ask him too late into the night, As a result, he is only a small child
22. the + 比拟级， the + 比拟级“越...... 越...... 〞 eg.The more you smile, the happier you will feel.
23. since conj. 既然 (表示对方的事实或理由，常放在句首〕
eg. Since you are here,let’s have dinner together.24. hate to do sth.eg. I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。

〔 )l. --Could I borrow your dictionary? Of course, you .
A. can
B. must
C.. should
D. have to
〔 )2. Do you agree me, Nick? A. at B. about C. on D. with 〔 )3.——Could you finish the task in two days? ____.l have something else to do these days.
A. 1'm afraid so
B. I'm afraid not
C. Yes, I think so
D. I hope it
〔 )4. Her father likes dinner but hates the dishes.
A. making; making
B. doing; doing
C. making; doing
D. doing; making
〔 )5. —Could I a dictionary from you. David? — Sorry , I it to my cousin yesterday.
A. lend; borrowed
B. borrow; lend
C. borrow: lent
D. borrowed; lend
〔 )6. It is polite a gift when you visit somebody for the first time.
A. take
B. raking
C. to take
D. gets
〔 ) 7. — I'm not going ' swimming tomorrow afternoon. — . I have to clean up my bedroom.
A. So am I
B. Neither am I
C. Neither I am
D. So I am
〔 )8. Mary, could you please help me ___ my baby? I will do some shopping.
A. look for
B. look at
C. look over
D. look after
〔 )9. He is tired now. He stay at home and have a rest. A. has to B. had to C need D. can't
〔 )10. Mom, where is David? He is working that difficult math problem.
A. for
B. with
C. on
D. in
( ) 11. —Could you help me take it to the classroom? — _______________.
A. Yes, I could
B. No, I couldn’t
C. Yes, sure
D. No, I don’t
( )12. —Who will send you to the school, your mom or your dad? —_____. I’ll go there alone.
A. Both
B. Either
C. Neither
D. None
( )13. Young people hate _________ chores because it’s boring.
A. to do
B. to doing
C. did
D. to be doing
( )14. Can I _______ your textbook? I left mine at home.
A. borrow
B. lend
C. keep
D. kept
( )15. _____ they live one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
A. Since
B. For
C. In order to
D. So that
1. 你能扫地吗？________ you please ________ the floor?
2. 如果她看到这么乱，她会不高兴的。

She __________ be happy if she sees this __________.
3. 我扔下我的包去了起居室。

I _________ _________ my bag and went to the living room.
4. 她没做任何家务，我也没有。

She did not do any housework and _________ __________ I.
5. 做家务可帮助培养孩子独立。

Doing ________ helps to __________ children’s independence.
Unit 4
重点句型
1.should的用法
should为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该〞，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否认形式为shouldn’teg. Maybe she should say sorry to you.
could的用法情态动词could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示慎重、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否认形式为couldn’t。

eg. My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.
( ) The girl_____ read before she went to school. A. Could B. Couldn’t C. Should D. May
2、状语从句
1) .until引导的时间状语从句 until意为“直到；在........之前〞。

eg.The young man read till the light went out. eg. I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.
2).so that引导的目的状语从句意为“为的是，以便〞，引导目的状语从句
eg. Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.
3). although引导的状语从句 ,意为though“尽管，虽然〞，引导让步状语从句。

引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。

eg. Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.
3. 用于提建议的句型：
(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样？
(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？
(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。

(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗？
(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事 (6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗？
(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？ (8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？
(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用：
◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了
◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法
◆ No problem 没问题◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以◆Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想
(2).表示委婉绝时，一般用：◆ I don’t think so 我认为不是这样
4. too many + 复数名词许多 too many people too much +不可数名词许多 too much homework much too +形容词太… much too cold
5. allow v 允许 allow doing sth 允许做某事 eg. They don’t allow smoking.
allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事eg. Our teacher allows us to go out for a walk.
6. 系动词：后跟adj. 作表语一是：〔be〕 am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静
二保持：stay/keep 〔表示持续状态〕 stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康
三变化：become/get/turn 〔表示状态变化〕五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel 〔表示感觉〕
7.find /hear/watch/see/feel sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
eg. Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.
8. look for 寻找 look after 照顾 look like 长得像
look the same 看起来一样 look through 浏览 look out 小心
look around 环顾四周look up 查字典 look forward to 期望
8.be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气
be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气
be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气
9. hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin.
hope + that 从句〔表示希望〕 I hope that you’ll be better soon
wish to do sth I wish to visit Guilin.
wish sb.to do sth I wish you to go.
wish +that 从句表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you.
10. have an argument with sb.与某人辩论
argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵
argue about sth 争论某事 argue against 争辩；反对
11. hang over 挂在......之上；悬浮在......之上 hang out 闲逛；常去某处 hang up 挂；悬挂
12. refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事
13. instead
(1) instead 代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。

eg. Lee was ill so I went instead.病了，所以我去了。

(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中 instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。

eg. She wrote to him instead of calling him .=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.
14. offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物
15 municate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通
communicate with sb. 和某人交流 eg. They communicate with each other by QQ.
16. explain 解释；说明→ explanation n 解释；说明
explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。

explain to sb sth给某人解释某事
17.worry v 担心→ worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为……担心
①Don’t ____ about things so much. It will make you stressed out.
A. afraid
B. worry
C. worried
D. Terrified
18. return 1) v 归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给......
2) v 回来；返回 = come back 19 compete v竞争；对抗→ competition n 竞争
compete with sb. 和某人竞争 compete against/ with 与……竞争 compete for 为……参加比赛
20.in one’s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来 give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。

21 some time 一段时间，做时间状语 sometime adv 在某个时候some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍〞 sometimes=at times 有时〔一般现在时的标志词〕
eg. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
eg. Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.
22.在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人〞，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。

eg. The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.
23 continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)
continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事〔前后不是同一件事〕
24 send→ sent → sent v 发送 send sb. sth = send sth to sb.
send away 赶走 send for 派人去请 send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射送给某人某物
25 kind 1) n 种类 all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…?那种 2) adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
3) adv. 有点kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷
( ) ①This kind of skirt looks _ and sells __. A. nice well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good nice ( ) ②—What ____ animals do you like? — Monkeys. I think they’re _____ clever.
A. kind of; kind of B . a kind of a kind of C. kind of; a kind D. a kind of kind of
26. have time to do sth 有时间做某事
27 compare…with…把……与…..做比拟compare…to…把…..比做……
eg. People often compare a teacher a candle. A. to B. into C. as D. with
28 be good for 对….有益处〔反〕be bad for对…有害处
be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事 be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好
29.cause 1) v. 造成，使发生 cause sb. to do sth 使某人做某事cause sb. for sb. 给某人添麻烦
2) n.原因，指引起某种结果的“原因〞，后接介词of.
eg.The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.
30.perhaps意为“也许，可能〞，一般指比拟小的可能性。

eg. Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure.
proba bly“很可能，大概〞，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。

eg. He will probably refuse the offer.possibly意为“可能，或许，也许〞，可能性较大。

eg. I’ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow maybe“或许，大概〞，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中eg. Maybe you put the letter in your basket.
31. It’s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth
It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.
①It’s important for us _______(learn) English well. ②It’s hard for us ____________(finish) this task in two days.③It’s very nice ____ you to help me a lot. A. for B. of C. in D. on
32.keep on doing 继续做某事keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事
keep up with 跟上keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事
keep away from避开 Mr. Li kept _________(work) here for nearly 30 years.
( )1.—You _______ write him a letter to say you are sorry for it.
—I ’m not good at writing letters.I want to talk about it _______ the phone.
A.could；on
B.should；in
C.can；over
D.must；by
( )2. It ________ her four hours_________ the work yesterday.
A. takes, finish
B. take, finishing
C. took, finished
D. took, to finish
( )3. —I’m sorry I broke my neighbor’s window. What should I do ?
—I’m afraid you have to ________ it.
A. look for
B. pay for
C. cut up
D. get back
( )4. Don’t ________ it. Let’s have a try again.
A. argue with
B. cut out
C. get on
D. be angry with
( )5. — _______________? — My car doesn’t work.
A. Why are you here ?
B. How do you do
C. What’s wrong?
D. Wh at’s this ?
( ) 6. — We can use QQ to talk with each other on the Internet.
— Really? Will you please show me _________?
A. what to use
B. how to use it
C. how can I use it
D. what can I use
( )7.The boy is because he argued with his best friend just now.
A. happy
B. upset
C. tired
D. excited
( ) 8. — I had a fight with my brother this morning. — _________
A. That’s nothing.
B. Great!You are right.
C. You should say sorry to him.
D.You shouldn’t talk to him first.
( )9. She looked _________ when she heard the _________ news.
A. surprised; surprised
B. surprising; surprised
C. surprising; surprising
D. surprised; surprising
( )10. Little Tom is an orphan. He now feels______ without his only friend the dog,
A. even more lonely
B. very more lonely
C. still more alone
D. far more alone
( )11.If you don’t go, I won’t go _______.
A.too
B.also
C.either
D.neither
( )12.After the death of their parents, the sisters _______ well and never argued.
A.got up
B.got on
C.got down
D.got to ( )13. Could you please help me_________ when the planes arrives?
A. ask
B. look for
C. finds out
D. find out
( )14. He used to ________very late, but now he is used to __________ early.
A. get up; getting up
B. get up; get up
C. getting up; get up
D. getting up; getting up
( )15.—What’s the matter with you, Peter? —_________________.
A. I am a student in Grade 9.
B.He has got a headache.
C. I had a fight with my best friend..
D. She’ll take some medicine.
一、根据句意与首字母或所用词的适当形式填空
1.Sometimes I s___________ the floor and clean the kitchen.
2.When you see a lot of r___________ in your school, how do you feel?
3.Your room is in a m__________. You should clean it up.
4.We t___________ away a lot of rubbish every day.
5.There is much water on the f__________. Be careful when you walk on it.
6.Please f__________ your clothes and put them away.
7.This book isn’t interesting and n_________ is that one.
8.I bought a beautiful s__________ for my son.
9.Could I b__________ a bike from you? Mine is broken.
10.We h__________ to study all day. We should have our own free time.
11.You’d better not make any noise w___________ your baby is sleeping.
12.P_______ me a storybook, please. I need to relax.
13.The rich man wouldn’t l__________ money to others.
14.Don’t w__________ your money buying somet hing useless.
15.The hotel will p___________ free breakfast for guests.
16.S_____________ you are here. Let’s have lunch together.
17.She lives next to my house. We are n__________.
18.You have to be 18 years old before you are a____________ to drive a car.
19.Can you g__________ the price?
20.Don’t worry. It’s not a big d__________.
21.The r_________ between my parents are difficult.
22.Look at the sky. There are so many c____________.
23.The e_________ brother should take care of the younger one.
24.Don’t be n____________ about your g rades if you try your best.
25.Could you e__________ why you are late again?
26.The telephone is a popular way of ___________ (communicate).
27.Firstly, I don’t have enough money. _____________ (second), I don’t have free time.
28.My mother doesn’t a____________ me to go out on weekdays.
29.My mother says she will r__________ home in 2 hours.
30.I didn’t agree with him. So I a__________ with him last night.
31.Mr Green was ill. He didn’t go to the meeting. I went，_________.
32.My mother always c__________ me with other children.
33.In my o___________, we can stay at home and watch TV.
34.She is c___________ about his favorite singer. She sings his songs all day.
35.Parents shouldn’t p_________ their children so hard.
36.Don’t give me too much _____________(press). I’m stressed out.
37.A lot of children entered the English ______________ (compete).
38.Too much stress is bad for the ______________ (develop) of children.
39.She is a m__________ of the football club.
40.If you c___________ doing sports every day, you will close your weight.
41.This is a t___________ example and everyone knows it.
42.P__________ they will come here today.
43.Don’t c__________ others’ homework. Just do it by yourself.
44.Who c__________ the traffic accident? I don’t know.
45.Can you e__________ to me the meaning of the word?
二、单项选择
1. Could you please move the chair to the room? -_________.
A.No, I couldn’t
B. Yes, I could
C. Of course
D. I could
2. Ted is going to make __________ bed after he eats __________ breakfast.
A.the, /
B./,the
C.a, an
D.an, a
3. - Mike, could I use your computer? - Sorry, I’m going to _________ it.
A.hand on
B.go on
C.live on
D.work on
4. I will call you up ___________I know the news.
A.the minute
B.the hour
C.the second
D.the day
5. “Why did you do that? 〞I asked him __________ surprise.
A.in
B.for
C.to
D.on
6. Could I __________ ten yuan from you? I will return it to you next week.
A.give
B.send
C.borrow
D.help
7. Your brother should take ___________ of that black dog.
A.part
B.care
C.out
D.after
8. __________ the girl is, _________she looks.A. The older, more beautiful B. Older, the more beautifulC. The older, more beautiful D. The older, the more beautiful
9. The activity can help children understand the idea of __________.
A.fair
B.unfair
C.fairness
D.unfairness
10. It’s late. You __________ go back home, or your pa rents will worry about you.
A.can’t
B.could
C.may
D.should
11. Doing housework helps to develop our __________.
A.independence
B.independent
C.dependence
D.dependent
12. The new kind of car is __________ de ar; I don’t have ________ money.
A.too much, much too
B.much too, too much
C.too much, too much
D.much too, much too
13.The children get up early in the morning ___________ get to school on time.
A.in order
B.in order to
C.in order that
D.so that
14.What’s ___________?
A.the wrong
B.trouble
C.problem
D.the trouble
15. They are _________ again. Do you know what __________ is about this time?
A.argued, they are arguing
B.arguing, they argument
C.argument, their argument
D.arguing, their argument
16. Why don’t you _________ a flower for your girl friend?
A.to buy
B.buy
C.buying
D.buys
17. I won’t mind __________ you do if you like.
A.however
B.whenever
C.whatever
D.whoever
18. How are you getting ___________ with your brother? Not bad.
A.up
B.down
C.off
D.on
19. The weather today isn’t cool. __________it is hot.
A. Because of
B. Instead
C. Instead of
D. However
20. I give up a map ________ you won’t get lost.
A.because
B.until
C.so that
D.if
21. I don’t have any free time __________ housework. Could you help me?
A.done
B.to do
C.do doing
D.doing
22. Jim didn’t go to school. I didn’t go, __________.
A.too
B.neither
C.also
D.either
23. There are some useless words in your article. You should _________ some.
A.cut down
B.cut up
C.cut out
D.cut in
24. The teenagers may find __________ hard to be independent.
A.it
B.them
C.very
D.too
25. __________ you are right, but I’m not sure.
A. Almost
B. May be
C. Perhaps
D. Also
26. I saw a boy __________ when I walked along the river.
A.swim
B.to swim
C.swimming
D.swims
27. We can’t work out the problem. Can you tell us __________?
A.how to do
B.what to do it
C.how to do it
D.what should to do
28. What makes Jim’s mother __________ so angry?
Jim forgot _________ the room.
A.to feel, to clean
B.feel,cleaning
C.feel, to clean
D.to feel, cleaning
29.I _________ my dictionary at home. Can I __________ yours?
A.left, lend
B.forgot, lend
C.left, borrow
D.forget, keep
30. Could you please _________ on the road?
A.not to play
B.to not play
C.play not
D.not play。