考研英语同形词

1.同形词
aboard ↔ abroad
adapt ↔adopt
addition ↔ addiction
affect ↔ effect ↔ infect allusion ↔ illusion
below ↔ bellow
pumpkin →bumpkin cannon ↔ canon教规canvas ↔ canvass拉选票compliment ↔ complement confectionary ↔confectionery convection↔conviction department ↔deportment desert ↔ dessert
diary↔ dairy
discus ↔discuss
exercise ↔ excise
extent ↔ extent
fellow ↔ fallow
genetic ↔generic
guest ↔ quest
guilt ↔ quilt
hand ↔ handy
human↔ humane
humidity ↔ humility incident ↔ incidence lightening ↔ lightning message ↔ massage
narrow ↔marrow
paddle ↔ peddle
plague ↔ plaque
pray ↔ prey
preposition ↔ proposition quiet ↔quite
sign ↔ sigh
special ↔ especial
stalactite ↔ stalagmite staple ↔stable
stationary ↔ stationery
suit ↔ suite
sward ↔ sword
towel ↔ trowel
umpire ↔ empire ↔ vampire vigorous ↔ rigorous vocation ↔ vacation
2．同源词
a. officer
office
official
b. origin
original
c. respectful
respectable
respective
irrespective (of)
d. imaginary
imaginative
imagery
e. source
resource
f. literal
literary
literature
g. distinct
distinctive
distinction
3．同义词
a. destroy
damage
b. continuously
continually
c. origin
source
d. influence
affect
impact
special
especial
4．近义词
a. harm
damage
hurt
destroy
b. method
measure
means
way
approach
5. 习语/搭配
a. His answer is otherwise than correct.
b. What with little sleep they could not move a step further.
6．动词
felled (feel, fall)
fall →fell →fallen
↓
felled →felled
lie →lay →lain
↓
laid →laid
see →saw →seen
↓
sawed →sawed
find →found →found
↓
founded →founded
wind →wound →wound
↓
wounded →wounded
7. 语法
a. He is more diligent than clever.
b. He was caught before he knew it.
c. Until recently we knew he was innocent.
1. The room is not big and comfortable.
2. The room is not big, or comfortable.
3. The room is not big, but comfortable.
e.g. He did not come because he wanted to see me.
We are not educated to be criminals.
8. 构词法
-culture (occupation)
agri-culture
farming + occupation
seri-culture
horti-culture
aqui-culture
api-culture (apiary)
-pathy- (feeling)
sym + pathy =
the same + feeling
sympathetic
sympathetical
sympathetically
pathology
pathological
pathologically
apathy
apathetic
apathetical
apathetically
antipathy (dislike)
empathy
theo- 神(theory)
theology，
theologist
theologian
a + the + ist = atheist无神论者
apolitical
atypical
amorphous
asex = ?
man
mankind vs womankind?
chairman vs chairwoman?
chair-person
freshman vs freshwoman?
cowboy vs cowgirl
human
human being
humane
humanity
humanism
manage
inhuman
humanizing
dehumanizing
woman =
womb + man
history = his + story
milkman
postman
policeman
clergyman
fireman
layman
sportsman
craftsman
footman
fisherman
9. 名词的特殊形容词形式
cat →feline
city → a new urbanite
country →rural
ear →aural
eat →edible
eye →oculist
father →paternal
foot →pedal (pedal bin, peddle, pedestal, peddler, pedestrian)
hand →manual
home →domestic
horse →equine/caballine (equestrian, equestrianism, equerry, equinox) land →terrestrial
listen →audio
marriage →marital
mind →mental
moon →lunar
mother →maternal
mouth →oral
ox →bovine
sea →marine
sight →visual
sit →sedentary
sun →solar
tooth →dental
wall →mural
water →aquatic/hydro
10. 带-S的复数词(WORDS ENDING WITH –S)
（吓得六神无主、魂飞魄散）
advance →MAKE advances(求爱，追求)
air →airs（神态）
arm →arms（武器）
art →arts（文科；相对于SCIENCE）
credits
bar →
he is behind the bars.
（监狱）
beat/knock the daylights out of sb(狠揍一顿)
bellow →bellows（风箱）
beside →besides（而且、除此之外）
board →boards（入学考试、舞台）
brain →brains（智力）
brief →briefs（内裤）
card →cards（扑克牌）
clothe →clothes（衣服）
concern →concerns（商号、商行）
corn →corns（鸡眼）
custom →customs（海关）
daylight →daylights （神志，意识）
flare ↔ flares（喇叭裤）
force →forces（武力、暴力）
fur →furs（毛皮衣服）
future →futures（期货）
glass →glasses（眼镜）
grit →grits（玉米糁）
gut →guts（内脏、勇气、核心）
hot →hots（情欲）
interest →interests（利息）
kennel →kennels（养狗场）
line →lines（台词）
manner →manners（礼貌、风俗）
minute→minute →minutes
（会议记录）
overall →overalls（工作服）
overhead →overheads（杂费）
pant →pants（西装裤）
paper →papers（报纸、论文）
pile →piles（痔疮）
pulse →pulses（豆类）
rate →rates（房产税）
rate →rates（房地产税）
representation →representations（陈述、抗议）royalty →royalties（版税）
scare/frighten the (living) daylights out of sb
security →securities（有价证券）
shallow →shallows（浅水区）
sideboard →sideboards (sideburns)（鬓角，络腮胡）
sight →sights （名胜古迹）
single →singles（单打）
talk →talks （会谈）
water →waters（海域）
wood →woods（森林）
word →words（口角）
work →works（作品）
单复数的词很重要
e.g. pull one’s leg / legs?
have a word with sb（谈话）
have words with sb（吵架）
11．复合结构
make sb do
let sb do
help sb do/help sb to do
see/hear/notice/watch/feel sb/sth do/doing/done
make sb angry
have sth done /do
12．甚至有了词汇，但没有语境，也无法理解其义(inference) Examples:
1: Wife: Where is the cake?
Husband: The dog looks happy.
2: Teacher: It is cold in here.
St. A: Yes, it is.
St. B: Shall I shut the window?
Teacher: Yes, please. Thank you.
3: Wife: John, the doorbell is ringing. Husband: I am taking a bath. 4: Tom: Married men are kinder than bachelors.
Marry: John is married and he beats his wife.
13. 形容词后置情况
accident prone
duty-free
future minded
money conscious
status conscious
user friendly weather-wise
→→→→→→→。