考博英语分类模拟题2019年(76)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

考博英语分类模拟题2019年(76)
(总分42.5, 做题时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (学会) of each new skill—the first spoken words, the
first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for him-self.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards
their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of **munity as much as the child's own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their
parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
1.
Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills ______.
•** be avoided
•** universal among parents
•** up dangerous states of worry in the child
** make him lose interest in learning new things
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:B
依据文章第一段，这种做法在父母中是普遍的。

C和D两项具有一定的干扰。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
2.
In the process of children's learning new skills parents ______.
•** encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
•** not expect too much of them
•** achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
** create as many learning opportunities as possible
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:C
文章第一段说明父母逼得太过分，应避免。

文章第一段说明对小孩太放任自由同样不利。

根据这两方面，父母对孩子的“严”和“松”之间应有一个恰当的度(平衡)。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
3.
The second paragraph mainly tells us that ______.
•** should be strict with their children
•** controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of **munity
** restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone
** vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:C
依据文章第二段。

A、D两项本段并无涉及；B项不全面，均应排除。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
4.
The word "precept" (Para. 3) probably means "______".
•**
•**
•**
**
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:D
本题四个选项的意思分别是：A项“观点”；B项“惩罚”；C项“行为”；D
项“说教”。

依据文章第三段可以猜测，“precept”应是和“example”相对的词语。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
5.
In moral matters, parents should ______.
•** the rules themselves
•** aware of the marked difference between adults and children •** things which have no foundation in morality
** ensure the security of their children
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:A
依据文章第三段。

再依据文章最后一段可以得出结论：关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循。

Passage Two
Every night she listened to her father going around the house, locking the doors and windows. She listened: the back door closed; she could hear the fastener of the kitchen window's click, and the restless pad of his feet going back to try the front door. It wasn't only the outside doors he locked; he locked the empty kitchen too. He was looking something out, but obviously it was something capable of entering into his first defenses. He raised his second line all the way up to bed.
In fourteen years, she thought unhappily, the house will be his; he had paid twenty-five pounds down and the rest he was paying month by month as rent. "Of course," he was in the habit of saying, "I've improved the property." "Yes," he repeated, "I've improved the property," looking around for a nail to drive in, a weed to uproot. It was more than a sense of property; it was a sense of honesty. Some people who bought their homes through the society let them go to rack and ruin and then cleared out.
She stood with her ear against the wall, a small, dark, angry, immature figure. There was no more to be heard from the other room;
but in her inner ear she still heard the footsteps of a property owner, the tap-tap of a hammer, the scrape of a spade, the whistle of radiator steam, a key turning, a bolt pushed home, the little busy sounds of men building barriers. She stood planning.
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
6.
Which of the following is TRUE of the father in the passage?
•** thought a lot about his daughter's future.
•** saved a lot of money for his daughter.
•** thought that he was secure.
** avoided his neighbors on purpose.
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:D
推理题。

本题的解题点在第一段。

根据第一段可知：她父亲会锁上的外面所有的门，包括空置厨房的门。

他在寻找着什么，但显然没有任何东西能穿过他的第一道防线。

他设置的第二道防线一直延伸到床边。

由此可以推出，她父亲是一个防御心理十分强的人。

D选项说“他有意防着他的邻居”符合基于原文的
推断，所以正确答案是D选项。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
7.
From the passage we can see that the father is ______.
•** to his daughter and neighbors
•** to his daughter and neighbors
•** in his actions
** about his appearance
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:B
推理题。

根据第一段可推出，他有意防着他邻居。

根据第二段可知，他女儿一想到是她父亲的房子就很不开心，而且他总是习惯说是他改善了全家人的生活条件。

由此可以推出，他对邻居和女儿都不友善，比较无情。

所以正确答案是
A选项。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
8.
According to the passage, the daughter's attitude toward her
father is of ______.
•** dislike
•** disapproval
•** love
** acceptance
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:A
推理题。

从本文的描述可知，女儿每晚不睡觉，趴在墙上听自己父亲在屋子里走来走去锁门关窗的声响。

14年以来，一想起这是她父亲的房子就很不开心。

由此可以推出，女儿并不是很喜欢父亲，甚至有点害怕父亲。

所以正确答案是A选项。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
9.
Which of the following feelings is conveyed in the passage?
•**.
•**.
•**.
**.
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:C
推理题。

根据作者全文的描述可知，父亲对女儿比较无情，女儿也不是很喜欢父亲。

虽然父亲的脚步声听不见了，但女儿内心深处却一直有各种响声。

她静静地趴在墙上，听着外面传来的动静。

表现的是女儿胆小焦躁的心情。

所以正确答案是C选项。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
10.
All of the following are true EXCEPT that ______.
•** father built his defenses carefully
•** property owners let their homes go worse
•** daughter was thin and very young
** father punished the girl when she was young
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:D
细节题。

根据第二段最后一句话“Some people who bought their homes through the society let them go to rack and ruin and then cleared out.”可知，有些房主会毁坏房子。

根据最后一段第一句话“She stood with her ear against the wall, a small, dark, angry, immature figure.”可推出，女儿很瘦小，年纪也比较小。

根据最后一段倒数第二句话“the little busy sounds of men bu ilding barriers”可知，他修建栅栏很用心。

由此可推出，A、B和C选项均为文章细节内容。

本题选不正确选项，因此正确答案是D选项。

Passage Three
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to
attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who
scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the **munity and the people who populated it. That population has in recent **e to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias,
we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
11.
According to the passage, "scientific subculture" means ______.
•** groups that are formed by scientists
•** whose knowledge of science is very limited
** **munity
** who make good contribution to science
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:C
本题的四个选项中，只有C项为正确答案。

这可从文中第一段的第二句和第三段的第一句推知，即受教育也应该熟悉科学家所处的亚文化群体(subculture)以及他们是什么样的人；该书的作者力图在书中准确描述科学界(**munity)及生活在科学界的人。

由此可见，亚文化群体即科学界。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
12.
We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ______.
•** is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science
•** affects almost every aspect of our life
•** live in a specific substructure
** is easier to understand general characteristics of science
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
本题的四个选项中，只有B项为正确答案。

这可从文中第一段中的“Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least
some acquaintance with its structure and operation”推知，即“科学几乎影响我们生活的所有方面”正确。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
13.
The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who
______.
•** for deeper understanding of science
•** good at producing various gadgets
•** in a storehouse of dried facts
** interested in popular science
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
本题的四个选项中，只有A项为正确答案。

这可从文中第二段的内容推知，即这本书为很聪明但其科学知识很肤浅的学生或科学门外汉而写；为一直把科学视为堆积干巴巴事实的、发霉味的仓库的人而写；为把科学当作是科学小装置的人而写；为把那些科学家视为某种魔术师的人而写。

据此可判断出文中提到的书籍是为渴望更深入地了解科学的读者编写的。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
14.
According to this passage, ______.
•** is a sexist language
•** in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly
•** are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language
** nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
本题的四个选项中，只有D项为正确答案。

这可从文中第三段的内容推知，即近来越来越多的妇女进入科学界。

在谈论妇女对科学界的贡献时，我们使用的是隐含性别歧视的语言——用阳性名词或代词来指性别不明的人物。

为了消除这种固有的偏见，我们在可能和必要时用复数名词或代词来代替他或她。

这是整个第三段想要阐明的。

所以“阳性名词或代词不应当用来指科学家”正确。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
15.
This passage most probably is ______.
•** book review
•** preface of a book
•** post script of a book
** concluding part of a book
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
本题的四个选项中，只有B项为正确答案。

这可从文中第二段段首的“This book is written for...”推知，即指明该书的读者对象；第三段首句和第四段首句说明了该书要达到的两个目的。

因此“一本书的前言”正确。

Passage Four
Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the United States outward. While the large Cincinnati-based corporation was no stranger to foreign markets, it usually sold them products that were already familiar to most Americans. Many Japanese families, for instance, swaddle their babies in Pampers diapers, and lots of Venezuelans brush their teeth with Crest. And of course (company executives assumed) Americans at home wanted these same familiar, red-white and blue brands. We might buy foreign-made cars, or chocolates, or cameras but household cleaners and detergents?
Recently, however, P&G broke with this long-standing tradition. Ariel, a P&G laundry detergent, was born overseas, and is a familiar sight on store shelves in Europe and Latin America. Now bilingual packages of Ariel Ultra, a super-concentrated cleaner, are appearing on supermarket shelves in Los Angeles.
Ariel's appearance in the United States reflects demographic changes making Hispanics the nation's fastest-growing ethnic group. Ariel is a hit with this population. In fact, many Mexican immigrants living in Southern California have been "importing" Ariel from Tijuana, Mexico. "Hispanics knew this product and wanted it," says
P&G spokeswoman Marie Salvado. "We realized that we couldn't convince them to buy (our) other laundry detergents." P&G hopes that non-Hispanic consumers will give Ariel a try too.
Ariel's already strong presence in Europe may provide a springboard for **pany to expand into other markets as well. Recently P&G bought Rakona, Czechoslovakia's top detergent maker. Ariel, currently a top seller in Germany, is likely to be one of the first new brands to appear in Czech supermarkets. And Ariel is not the only foreign idea that **pany hopes to transplant back to its home territory. Cinch, an all-purpose spray cleaner similar to popular European products, is currently being test-marketed in California and Arizona. Traditionally Americans have used separate cleaners for
different types of surfaces, but market research shows that American preferences are becoming more like those in other countries.
Insiders note that this new reverse flow of innovation reflects more sweeping changes at Procter & Gamble. The firm has hired many new Japanese, German, and Mexican man- agers who view P&G's business not as a one-way flow of American ideas, but a two-way exchange with other markets. Says Bonita Austin of the investment firm Wertheim-Schroeder, "When you met with P&G's top managers years ago, you wouldn't have seen a single foreign face." Today, "they could even be in the majority."
As Procter & Gamble has found, the United States is no longer an isolated market. Americans are more open than ever before to buying foreign-made products and to selling U.S.-made products overseas.
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
16.
According to the passage, which of the following is true?
•** brands of Pampers, Crest, Ariel, and Cinch reflect the one-way flow tradition of Procter & Gamble.
•** spite of market changes, Procter & Gamble still sticks to its long-standing tradition of one-way flow innovation.
•** & Gamble has to change its one-way flow tradition because of the increased number of its foreign managers.
** one may meet more foreign faces in Procter & Gamble than years ago.
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:D
第五段最后两句表明，几年前在Procter & Gamble公司的高层管理人员中没有外国人，但现在外国人在公司的高层管理人员中甚至占多数。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
17.
According to the passage, all of the following are true about
Ariel except ______.
•** is the best seller in Czechoslovakia
•** is a laundry detergent product of Procter & Gamble
•** was born outside the United States
** already enjoys popularity in Europe
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:A
文章第四段表明：Ariel在德国是最畅销的洗涤剂，但在捷克斯洛伐克仅仅是
很可能将要上市的新品牌之一。

题目问的是四个选项中哪一项不符合文章的意思，所以应该选A项。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
18.
The "insider" (Para. 5) is most probably ______.
•** who buys both Ariel and Cinch
•** who works within Procter & Gamble or knows it fairly well •** who is a loyal customer of Ariel
** who once worked within Rakona
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:B
“insider”一词的意思是“内部的人、知道内情的人、权威人士”，因此文章中的“insider”很可能是公司的雇员或是了解情况的人，所以只有B项最符合题意。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
19.
According to the passage, Procter & Gamble hopes to transplant foreign idea back to its home territory because ______.
•** are more likely to buy foreign-made products than before •** most Americans foreign products are much more attractive than homemade ones
•** company has found that foreign-made products are superior to home-made ones in terms of quality
** company has hired more foreigners in its top management than before
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:A
文章最后一段最后一句表明：对于购买外国制造的产品以及在海外销售美国产品，美国人比以前任何时候都持一种更开放的态度。

在这题的几个选项中，只有A项最能说明问题。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
20.
The author may most probably agree that ______.
•** is a trend that businesses today go global
•** today are very reluctant to go global
•** businesses can make more money if they only sell home-made products
** market of the United States should not be that open
A B C D
分值: 1.5
答案:A
作者在文章中讲述的是Procter & Gamble公司新的销售理念，主要谈到的是该公司比以前更加注意美国市场与其他国家市场之间的双向交流。

因此，在四个选项中，只有A项是最符合作者在文章中所蕴含的意思的，即当代企业越来越重视向全球化发展。

Part Ⅱ Writing
1.
Directions:
You are asked to write an essay on the following topic:
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
You should write at least 250 words.
You should give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI
分值: 15
参考范文
Nowadays, children begin to learn a second language even in kindergarten. Some professionals believe that it is better for children to start learning a foreign language from primary school. In the following passage. I will discuss the mass advantages of it and also list some disadvantages.
To some extents, it is truly beneficial that schools may offer optional L2 courses. To start with, a primary school student has more leisure time than the one in secondary school. Scientifically speaking, as several physiological experiments published on Proceedings of the National Academy of Science have revealed, the
left hemisphere of the brain, which monitors the function of language
capacity, will gradually pass hand over this job to the right hemisphere when one gets older. Besides, scientists have found out that learning languages with more participation of the left hemisphere has higher efficiency and is of great help to one's memorization. These two findings clearly unveiled why toddlers are more adept in learning a new language than adults. Thus, it is not uncommon to see many children with outstanding linguistic gifts grasp a secondary language as proficiently as their mother language.
However, it may be hard to acquire a foreign language if a child does not understand what he/she is learning, because the recognition level is still not high enough in childhood to accomplish such a laborious task. That will not be a significant problem if the second language is taught in middle school, as teenagers are considerably more mature and have more chances being exchange students to other nations. The immersive learning atmosphere plus the clear self-image of teenagers will contribute a lot in learning a foreign language.
In conclusion, it is a good news for our society that most primary schools have L2 courses. Familiarity with a foreign language in early ages is beneficial both socially and physiologically. However, to let a pupil has better understanding in second language, Schools and parents should provide more opportunities to let him/her use it, thus make the learning curve increases smoothly to secondary school phase.
1。