高考专题复习 定语从句导学案

定语从句复习学案
一、定语从句的概念
1.定语：修饰名词或代词的句子成分。

a beautiful flower a tall boy
2.定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句。

The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.
This is the best film that I have seen.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

如上面句子中的boy ,film
关系词：引导定语从句的词。

如上面句子中的who, that
关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句 2.代替先行词 3.在从句中担当一个成分二、关系词
1.关系代词
人物人或物主语who which that
宾语Who/whom which that
定语Whose(= of whom) Whose(= of which) / 注意：a. Who/whom/that/which在从句中作宾语时可省略。

b.当从句介词提前时不可用who/that, 应使用whom/which.
He is the man (who/whom) I saw yesterday.
They rushes over to help the man whose car had broken down.
The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist.
The book that/which I bought yesterday is really interesting.
2.关系副词
关系副词指代充当的句子成分与关系代词的转换
when 时间时间状语On/at/in.....+which
where 地点地点状语On/at/in.....+which
why 原因原因状语For which
I shall never forget the day when we moved into our new house.
Beijing is the place where I was born.
Is this the reason why he refused our offer？
3.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?
1).先行词
指
代
成分
2).关系词在从句中充当的成分。

(做主语，宾语，定语用_________ 做状语用_________)
3).根据从句谓语判断。

(及物动词，后面无宾语，用关系代词，不及物动词用关系副词)
This is the factory where he used to work.
This is the factory that/which I visited last year.
I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school.
I will never forget the day ________ we spent in Beijing.
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。

（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。

类别意义功能形式关系代词
限制性定语从句起限定作用。

若省略，
原句意义不完整
修饰先行词
无逗号隔开无限制，作宾语可
省略
非限制定语从句起补充说明作用。

若省
略，原句意义不受影响
修饰先行词
或整个句子
有逗号与主
句隔开
不可用that，且不
可省略
Eg. I prefer to buy the house _____has a big study.
I prefer to buy the house, _____has a big study.
四、主要考点
（一）指物时that 与which 的区别
（1）只用that的情况:
1. 先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词
2.先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。

3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。

4 先行词为人和物的组合
5.若主句中有疑问代词who 或者which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which，而用that。

1. This is all ____ I know about the matter.
A. that
B. what
C. who
D. whether
2. Is there anything else _____ you require?
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. what
3. He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. it
D. whom
4. Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you?
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. it
（2）只用which的情况:
1,逗号后面2,介词后面
1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
A.which B that C this D.it
2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.
A.on which B that C which D.this
（二）指人时只用who不用that的情况
1.先行词为those, one, anyone, someone,somebody,nobody 等不定代词时。

2.在分隔型定语从句中
3.there be 结构中先行词指人
Anyone _____breaks the law is punished.punishment
A new master will come tomorrow _____ will teach you German.
There is a man _____ wants to see you.
（三）先行词是抽象地点名词
先行词是抽象的表示地点的名词，在定语从句中作状语，关系副词用where.
这样的抽象名词包括：situation，point，case，stage，position，state，condition，activity，business等
1. It's helpful to put children in a situation_______ they can see themselves differently．
A．that B．when C．which D．where
2. Today, we'll discuss a number of cases_______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (07陕西)
A. Which
B. as
C. why
D. where
3.We’re just trying to reach a point_____both sides will sit down together and talk.
A.where
B. that
C. when D which
（四）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。

2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。

which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。

3.关系代词as在限制性定语从句中，常用于the same …as …和such …as …句型。

1.My friend showed me round the town, ___ was very kind of him.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it （09全国II）
2._______ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.
A. That
B. As
C. It
D. What （2003上海春考）
（五）考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
“介词+which”中介词的选择，一看先行词，二看与从句谓语动词的搭配，三要看句意。

1】Gun control is a subject ___ Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which
B. with which
C. about which
D. into which
2】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.
A. them
B. who
C. whom
D. these （2009海南）
3】We went through a period _______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A. which
B. whose
C. in which
D. with which （六）考查关系代词whose 的用法
1）关系代词whose 在定语从句中作定语，其先行词可以是人或物；
2）“whose +名词”结构可以转化为“the +名词+of whom /which ”结构，意思不变。

1】Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A. their
B. whose
C. of them
D. with whom
2】I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city___ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. （2009湖南卷）
A. which
B. of which
C. that
D. whose
（七）the way 作先行词
Way在定语从句中作状语时常用that或in which引导, 但可省略。

如果way在从句中作主语或宾语, 应该用关系代词which / that。

The way ___ he answered the questions was surprising.
I don’t like the way ___ you laugh at her.
（八）关系代词作主语时,从句中谓语动词的单复数的用法。

1 . 先行词只有one of 修饰时, 从句谓语用复数。

He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan .
2 . one of 前有the，the only ，the very ，the first时, 从句谓语用单数。

Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth .
（九）定语从句和其他从句的区别：
1 .区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。

(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词) After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre . (状语从句)
A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre .
(定语从句)
2 . 区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。

1) This is the company in which he worked three years ago .(定语从句)
2) A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago . (宾从)
3 . 区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。

The news that he won the match made us excited . ( 同位语从句)
The news ( that ) he told us made us very excited . ( 定语从句)
【注】：同位语从句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that从句仍然完整。

定语从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

五、高考试题链接
1. –What do you think of teaching, Bob?
–I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ______ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where
B. Which
C. When
D. that
2. I have reached a point in my life _______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why
3. She brought with her three friends, none of ______ I had ever met before.
A. them
B. who
C. whom
D. these
4. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. whoever
5. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers_________ consumer complaints have
resulted in changes in the law.
A. where
B. when
C. who
D. which
6. They will fly to Washington, _____ they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where
B. there
C. which
D. when
7. The road accidents there turned out to be very good; ______ was more than we could expect.
A. it
B. what
C. which
D. that
8. The man pulled out a gold watch, _________ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
9. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center; ____ is always busy at the weekend.
A. that
B. where
C. what
D. which
10. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _____ was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
11. The thought of going back home was _______ kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A. that
B. all that
C. all what
D. which
12. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
13. If a shop has chairs ___ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
14. The United States is made up of fifty states; one of __ is separated from the others by the
Pacific Ocean. A. them B. those C. which D. whose
15. A fast food restaurant is the place ___, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which
B. where
C. there
D. what
16. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ____ they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
17. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
18. ________ is often the case; we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which
B. When
C. What
D. As
19. The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which
B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
20. I can think of many cases _____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and
expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why
B. which
C. as
D. where
六．改错
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
3. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
4. Those which haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
5. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
6.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
7. We heard the news which our team won the game.
8. That was the reason because she looked old.
9. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.
10.The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.。