医学英语课件unit 5
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Mental and Emotional Stress: Are You Your Own Worst
Enemy?
Mental and Emotional Stress: Are You Your Own Worst Enemy?
We ’ v e a l l f o u n d ourselves being impatient with people or taking out frustrations on innocent bystanders, or causing unnecessary conflicts and mental stress because stress is cl oudi ng our j u d g m e n t .
对比记忆aggressive, aggregation
Effects of Stress on the Body 7. Many diseases are related with stress. Diseases of the gastrointestinal system, the respiratory system, and the skin are often aggravated, if not caused, by stress. Hypertension is another disease greatly affected by stress.
2. The regulation of the internal functioning of the body is controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain, which governs the autonomic nervous system and the master endocrine gland, the pituitary. Not only does the hypothalamus control homeostasis, it senses when the body or a body part is under stress and directs the proper response through nerves and glands.
3. How are the maintenance of homeostasis and the response to stress related to disease? The body is frequently subjected to forces requiring greatly increased internal activity. In responding or adapting to the stress, abnormal conditions can result.
vein, artery
11. The response of the body to this stress is to increase blood pressure. Specialized neural receptors sense the low pressure, and through a neural mechanism, which will be explained, the blood pressure increases. The kidneys, sensing the reduced blood pressure due to the loss of blood, release a substance called renin that aids in restoring proper pressure. The adrenal glands are stimulated to release adrenalin, which also increases blood pressure and heart activity. renal, adrenaline, epinephrine
Introduction of Stress
1. The body is constantly striving to maintain a constant internal environment in the midst of everchanging conditions. For example, excess acidity or alkalinity that develops in the blood and body fluids is removed through the kidneys. Normal body temperature is maintained despite climate extremes, and the proper amount of water is conserved to prevent dehydration or hydration of tissues. This maintenance of a steady state is called homeostasis.
5. Closely related to the mechanism of inflammation is the allergic reaction, or hypersensitivity. In this case, the inflammatory response is against a generally harmless invader such as pollen, dust, or a particular food, and the patient suffers from the disease of hay fever, asthma, or hives. The inflammation is more harmful than helpful under these conditions. Some diseases represent inappropriate responses to a stimulus.
serious, extreme
4. Consider the phenomenon of inflammation previously described. Although it produces pain that may be severe and the typical characteristics of swelling, heat, and redness, inflammation is a positive protective body response. It prevents the spread of an infection by barricading it and attempting to overcome foreign invaders such as pathogenic organisms or toxic substances.
Emotional Stress and Crohn's Disease
And while some people find themselves creating this type of drama in their lives occasionally, others make this self sabotage a way of life, continually creating additional mental and emotional stress for themselves without being aware of their own role in this!
heroism， socialism
8. A wide range of situations in a person’s life may be stressful, including living conditions, occupation, injury, inadequate diet, and prolonged exposure to cold. Worry, fatigue, and alcoholism also cause stress. Signs of damage caused by stress are often the result of the body’s defense against or adaptation to it.
allergic reactions
hives
a baby with asthma
Patients with hay fever
6. Disease is more than being overcome by a diseaseproducer. It includes the body’s fight against it. The symptoms of respiratory tract diseases, coughing and sneezing, are reflex actions that aid in ridding the throat and nose of irritants. Vomiting, a symptom of gastrointestinal distress, is a reflex action to relieve the distress. The seriousness of any disease largely depends on the patient’s defenses against it.
10 If the injury is severe and blood loss results, the patient may go into shock. The reduced blood volume lowers the blood pressure, and venous return to the heart is poor. Cardiac output then becomes inadequate to meet the demands of the body, and the patient loses consciousness because insufficient blood reaches the brain.
9. What are some changes that occur in the body when it is subjected to stress such as an injury? The blood sugar level rises, providing an additional energy supply needed for repair of the damaged tissue. The injured site becomes inflamed due to the increased blood flow to the area. The neutrophil count increases, enabling the phagocytic cells to engulf foreign matter and c e l l u l a r d e b r i s . neutrolize phagocytosis
Make simple changes to reduce significant mental and emotional stress from your life.
UNIT SIX:
Stress 应激
CONTENቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱS
Part 1: Homeostasis and Stress Part II : Effects of Stress on the Body Part III. Function of Automatic Nervous System Part IV : Stress and the Adrenal Cortical Hormones Part V: Stress-Related Disease
Enemy?
Mental and Emotional Stress: Are You Your Own Worst Enemy?
We ’ v e a l l f o u n d ourselves being impatient with people or taking out frustrations on innocent bystanders, or causing unnecessary conflicts and mental stress because stress is cl oudi ng our j u d g m e n t .
对比记忆aggressive, aggregation
Effects of Stress on the Body 7. Many diseases are related with stress. Diseases of the gastrointestinal system, the respiratory system, and the skin are often aggravated, if not caused, by stress. Hypertension is another disease greatly affected by stress.
2. The regulation of the internal functioning of the body is controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain, which governs the autonomic nervous system and the master endocrine gland, the pituitary. Not only does the hypothalamus control homeostasis, it senses when the body or a body part is under stress and directs the proper response through nerves and glands.
3. How are the maintenance of homeostasis and the response to stress related to disease? The body is frequently subjected to forces requiring greatly increased internal activity. In responding or adapting to the stress, abnormal conditions can result.
vein, artery
11. The response of the body to this stress is to increase blood pressure. Specialized neural receptors sense the low pressure, and through a neural mechanism, which will be explained, the blood pressure increases. The kidneys, sensing the reduced blood pressure due to the loss of blood, release a substance called renin that aids in restoring proper pressure. The adrenal glands are stimulated to release adrenalin, which also increases blood pressure and heart activity. renal, adrenaline, epinephrine
Introduction of Stress
1. The body is constantly striving to maintain a constant internal environment in the midst of everchanging conditions. For example, excess acidity or alkalinity that develops in the blood and body fluids is removed through the kidneys. Normal body temperature is maintained despite climate extremes, and the proper amount of water is conserved to prevent dehydration or hydration of tissues. This maintenance of a steady state is called homeostasis.
5. Closely related to the mechanism of inflammation is the allergic reaction, or hypersensitivity. In this case, the inflammatory response is against a generally harmless invader such as pollen, dust, or a particular food, and the patient suffers from the disease of hay fever, asthma, or hives. The inflammation is more harmful than helpful under these conditions. Some diseases represent inappropriate responses to a stimulus.
serious, extreme
4. Consider the phenomenon of inflammation previously described. Although it produces pain that may be severe and the typical characteristics of swelling, heat, and redness, inflammation is a positive protective body response. It prevents the spread of an infection by barricading it and attempting to overcome foreign invaders such as pathogenic organisms or toxic substances.
Emotional Stress and Crohn's Disease
And while some people find themselves creating this type of drama in their lives occasionally, others make this self sabotage a way of life, continually creating additional mental and emotional stress for themselves without being aware of their own role in this!
heroism， socialism
8. A wide range of situations in a person’s life may be stressful, including living conditions, occupation, injury, inadequate diet, and prolonged exposure to cold. Worry, fatigue, and alcoholism also cause stress. Signs of damage caused by stress are often the result of the body’s defense against or adaptation to it.
allergic reactions
hives
a baby with asthma
Patients with hay fever
6. Disease is more than being overcome by a diseaseproducer. It includes the body’s fight against it. The symptoms of respiratory tract diseases, coughing and sneezing, are reflex actions that aid in ridding the throat and nose of irritants. Vomiting, a symptom of gastrointestinal distress, is a reflex action to relieve the distress. The seriousness of any disease largely depends on the patient’s defenses against it.
10 If the injury is severe and blood loss results, the patient may go into shock. The reduced blood volume lowers the blood pressure, and venous return to the heart is poor. Cardiac output then becomes inadequate to meet the demands of the body, and the patient loses consciousness because insufficient blood reaches the brain.
9. What are some changes that occur in the body when it is subjected to stress such as an injury? The blood sugar level rises, providing an additional energy supply needed for repair of the damaged tissue. The injured site becomes inflamed due to the increased blood flow to the area. The neutrophil count increases, enabling the phagocytic cells to engulf foreign matter and c e l l u l a r d e b r i s . neutrolize phagocytosis
Make simple changes to reduce significant mental and emotional stress from your life.
UNIT SIX:
Stress 应激
CONTENቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱS
Part 1: Homeostasis and Stress Part II : Effects of Stress on the Body Part III. Function of Automatic Nervous System Part IV : Stress and the Adrenal Cortical Hormones Part V: Stress-Related Disease