山东省新泰市第二中学高中英语语法复习省略

二、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句中的省略
在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步状语从句或比较状语从句中,如果其主语和主句中的主语一致，且从句中谓语动词包含be或从句中的主语是it，常把从句的主语和be省略。

Be careful when (you are) crossing the road. 过马路时要小心车辆。

If (it is) necessary I can give you a hand. 如果需要的话，我可以帮你。

2. 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但如果是有两个并列的宾语从句时，则第二个that不能省略.
3. 虚拟条件句中if省略。

如果在if从句中有should、had、或were这三个词时，可以省掉if，把其提到主语的前边。

三、其它省略
(一) 动词不定式的省略
1. 有些动词后跟不定式作宾语时可将其动词省略而只保留to。

—Are you going there? —I’d like to (go there).
注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。

—Are you an engineer? —No, but I want to be.
—He hasn’t finished the task yet. —Well, he ought to have.
2. 不定式符号to的省略
①并列的不定式可省去后面的to。

I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
②某些使役动词（如let, make, have）及感官动词（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at
和listen to等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。

—I saw the boy fall from the tree. —The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
③介词but前若有实义动词do时，后面的不定式省掉to。

The boy did nothing but play.
④当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式，则不定式可省略to。

What he wants to do is go home.
(二) 有时为了避免重复前面所说过的内容，常用so来代替前面肯定的说法，用not代替否定
的说法，以使句子显得简洁。

—Is he feeling better today? —I’m afraid not.
常与之搭配的动词有：believe，do，expect，dear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think等动词及I’m afraid。

另外还有常见的：How so? Why so? Is that so?等。

经典习题
1. Though _________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. (2010全国2)
A. surprising
B. was surprised
C. surprised
D. being surprised
2. —I’m sorry. That wasn’t of much help. (2010四川卷)
—Oh, . As a matter of fact, it was most helpful.
A. sure it was
B. it doesn’t matter
C. of course not
D. thanks anyway
3. —Is it all right if I keep this photo?
—_____________. (2010陕西卷)
A. No .you don’t
B. No. it shouldn’t
C. I’m afraid not
D. Don’t keep it
4. It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ ,we’d better take it to the
garage immediately. （2011江苏卷33）
A. Otherwise
B. If not
C. But for that
D. If so
5.—I’m sorry I broke the vase.
—Oh, _____. It wasn’t very expensive.（2011山东卷22）
A. you’d better not
B. I’m afraid not
C. as you wish
D. that’s all right 6．(2010湖南湘潭期末联考)—I hope he won't get ill during the examinations.
—________. He has been very well recently.
A．Certainly B．No C．Not D．Yes
7．(2010湖南雅礼中学月考) He is only too ready to help others, seldom，________，refusing them when they turn to him.
A．if never B．if ever C．if not D．if any
8．(2010湖南师大附中月考)—Mum, I am afraid I won't do well in the coming test. —Honey, ________ more careful, ________ you will make it.
A．is; so B．be; and C．be; then D．being; and
9．(2010湖南雅礼中学月考) ________ find my wallet, Tom?
A．Where did you that B．Where was it you
C．Where have you D．Where was it that you
10．(2008山东青岛模拟)I can't remember how many days ago ________ a fight broke out between the husband and the wife.
A．which B．why C．that D．where
11. (2010山东沂南一中高三) How long do you think ________ the computer company brings out
a new product?
A．it will be before B．will it be until C．will it be when D．it will be that 12．(2010苏北四市二模) Read the passage and correct the mistakes, ________.
A．if not B．if any C．if ever D．if never
13．(2010河南实验中学一模) —Have you seen Rose recently?
—No. It's five years ________ I met her.
A．since B．after C．when D．before
14．(2010广东揭阳高三上学期期末)I don't think there will be more than 40 students left in the class, ________，because the environment is not fit for studying.
A．if any B．if possible C．if ever D．if so
15．(2009大连、哈尔滨联考)—What should I do with this passage?
—________ the main idea of each paragraph.
A．Finding out B．Found out C．Find out D．To find out。