动词现在分词的变化规则

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动词现在分词的变化规则:Ⅰ. 一般在动词末尾直接加ing
Ⅱ. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词;先去掉e; 再加ing
如: skate --- skating have --- having
ride --- riding come --- coming
make --- making dance --- dancing
write --- writing
Ⅲ. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词;中间只有一个元音字母;词尾只有一个辅音字母;
应双写末尾的辅音字母;再加ing
如:putting running beginning
stopping swimming shopping
jogging sitting getting
Ⅳ. 以ie结尾的动词;把ie变成y再加ing
如:lie --- lying
tie --- tying
die --- dying
一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则
1、一般情况下;动词后直接加s;
如:works;gets;reads等..
2、以s;x;ch;sh或o结尾的动词;在后面加es;
如:goes;teaches;washes等..
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词;把y变为i;再加es;
如:study--studies;try--tries;carry--carries等..
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时;have改为has;
如:He has an interesting book .
5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时;be改为am;遇有主语是第二人称时;be改为are;遇有主语是第三人称单数时;be改为is..
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同;请认真观察..
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s;在浊辅音及元音后发音为z..在t后读ts;在d后读dz;如:
①stop-stops s ; make-makes s
②read-reads z ; play-plays z
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的;要先将“y”变为“i”;然后在加“es”读iz 如:
fly-flies z;carry-carries z
study-studies z; worry-worries
3、以“s; x; ch; sh”结尾的;在词尾加“es”;发音为iz 如:
teach-teaches iz; watch-watches iz
4、以“o”结尾的动词;加“es”;读z 如:
go-goes z do-does z
下面几个动词变为单数时;原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化;请注意记忆.. 如:
1、do du:-does dz
2、say sei-says sez
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词;如果尾音是s;z时;加“s”后字母“e”发音; 与所加“s”
一起读做iz.. 如:
close-closes iz
二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同:变“y”为“”现象双写最后辅音字母现象
例词:
①baby-babies
②carry-carries
③study-studying
一、不规则动词过去式和过去分词
动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点;而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点;但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的..现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下..
一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词;结尾字母一般是t或d..如:
cut-cut-cut; hit-hit-hit; put-put-put; cost-cost-cost; let-let-let; shut-shut-shut; set-set-set; hurt-hurt-hurt; spread-spread-spread 特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致;read-read-read;但发音分别是ri:d-red-red..
二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的..如:
come-came-come; become-became-become; run-ran-run; overcome-overcame-overcome
三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同..如:
1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t..如:
lend-lent-lent; spend-spent-spent; send-sent-sent
2. 改变单词中间元音字母..如:
sit-sat-sat; win-won-won; shine-shone-shone; hold-held-held
3. 以eep结尾的动词;把eep改为ept..如:
keep-kept-kept; sleep-slept-slept; sweep-swept-swept
4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词..如:
buy-bought-bought; fight-fought-fought; think-thought-thought; bring-brought-brought; teach-taught-taught; catch-caught-caught
5. 有的以ay结尾的动词;在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid..如:
say-said-said; lay-laid-laid; pay-paid-paid
6. 另有一些其它形式的变化..如:
have-had-had; learn-learnt-learnt; leave-left-left; lose-lost-lost; make-made-made; meet-met-met; feel-felt-felt
四、有些动词原形中含有字母i;在过去式中变i为a;在过去分词中变i为u..如:
五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词;在变成过去式时;通常把元音字母变成e;在变成过去分词时;通常只在词尾加n..如:
blow- blew- blown; draw-drew-drawn; grow-grew-grown;
throw-threw-thrown; know-knew-known
六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en;变成以en结尾的单词..如:
rise-rose-risen; give-gave-given; take-took-taken; fall-fell-fallen; drive-drove-driven; eat-ate-eaten
特殊:write-wrote-written; speak-spoke-spoken; ride-rode-ridden; get-got-gotten
二、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种..
1 规则变化
情况例词读音与说明
动词原形过去式过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed
look -looked -looked lukt
call -called -called kC:ld
open -opened -opened 5EupEnd
need -needed-needed ni:did
①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕;在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕;在元音后发音也为d
②-ed在〔t、〔d〕后发音为id
③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写;为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-d
move -moved -moved mu:vd
phone -phoned -phoned fEund
hope -hoped -hoped hEupt
agree -agreed -agreed E5^ri:d
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词;变y为i;再加-ed
study -studied -studied 5stQdid
carry -carried-carried 5kArid
try -tried-tried traid
以原音字母加y结尾的词;直接加-ed
play -played -played pleid
enjoy -enjoyed -enjoyed in5dVCid
stay -stayed -stayed steid
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词;双写该辅音字母;再加-ed stop -stopped -stopped stCpt
plan -planned -planned plAnd
fit -fitted -fitted 5fitid
以-r音节结尾的词;双写r字母; 再加-ed
prefer -preferred -preferred prI`f:d
refer-referred -referred ri5fE:
2 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则;可分为五种情况..
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形..
cut切;hit打;cast扔;hurt伤害;put放;let让
shut关;cost花费;set放;rid清除;
2.过去式与过去分词完全同形..
例:
原形过去式过去分词
find找到
pay支付
leave离开
lend借出
meet遇见
keep保持
lose丢失
teach教
sit坐
lead引导
win赢除
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
原形过去式过去分词
come来-came -come
run跑-ran-run
become成为-became-become
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同.. 例:
原形过去式过去分词
give给-gave -given
fly飞-flew -flown
drink喝-drank -drunk
see看见-saw -seen
go去-went -gone
know知道-knew -known
wear穿-wore -worn
speak说-spoke -spoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例:
原形过去式过去分词
burn燃烧-- burned /burnt -- burned /burnt learn学习-- learned /learnt --learned /learnt smell闻-- smelled /smelt --smelled /smelt
spell 拼写-- spelled /spelt -- spelled /spelt
shine 照射-- shined /shone --shined /shone
leap 跳-- leaped /leapt --leaped /leapt
提示
a. beat的过去式与原形同形:
比:beat打击beat过去式beaten过去分词
b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种;含义不同
比:lie lied; lied说谎
lay; lain躺;位于
c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种;含义不同
比:hang hanged; hanged处绞刑
hung; hung挂;吊
d. welcome欢迎一词是规则动词;不可误用为不规则动词比:welcome welcomed; welcomed正
welcome; welcome误
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比:hit打hit; hit正
hitted; hitted误
三、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳
A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut
put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set
hit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt
read---read----read 读音/e/
lie---lied---lied 说谎lay---laid---laid 放置;下蛋lay--- lain 躺下;位于;平放
eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.
She _____ her books on the table. ____
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought; aught; 读音是:t
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought catch----caught----caught
teach ---- taught ----taught
2. 动词原形中的e为o;变成过去式和过去分词..
get----got----got sell----sold----sold
tell----told----told
3. 动词原形中i为a; …
sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat
4. 动词原形中i为o; …
win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined
5. 动词原形中an为oo; …
stand----stood---stood
understand----understood----understood
6. 动词原形中的ay为ai;…
say----said----said pay----paid----paid
7. a动词原形中的d为t;…
send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent build----built----built
b 动词原形最后一个字母改为t ; …
smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost
c 动词原形后加一个字母t; …
learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/
d 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e; 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/ feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept
sweep---swept----swept keep---- kept----- kept
其它
meet----met----met have----had----had
hold----held----held
make----made----made dig----dug----dug
hear----heard----heard
find----found----found hang----hung----hung
C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----come run----ran----run
become----became----become
D. 原形;过去式; 和过去分词完全不同
1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式;改成u变成过去分词.
begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk
ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung
2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式;在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown
know---knew---known
throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown
和以上相似
3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾;故把它们分为一类.
a 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式;在词尾加n变成过去分词.drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen
write---wrote---written 双写t
ride----rode----ridden 双写d
b 把动词原形中ea改为o; 在词尾加e变成过去式;在过去式后加n 变成过去分词.
speak----spoke----spoken
steal----stole----stolen
break----broke----broken
c 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式; 在过去式后加n变成过去分词.
wake----woke----woken
freeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosen
forget----forgot----forgotten 双写t;加en
d 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten
fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given see----saw----seen
take----took----taken
mistake---- mistook----- mistaken
hide----hid----hidden 双写d
E. 没有过去分词的动词
can ----- could -may---- might -shall---- should-will ---- would -
其它
am; is -- was-- been are--were-- been
do--did--done
draw-----drew----- drawn go-----went----- gone
show----showed----shown
wear--- wore ---- worn
不规则动词的过去式
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点;也是一个难点..同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律;总结如下:
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a;变成过去式..过去分词不变.如:become—became; come—came
begin—began;drink—drank;give—gave;ring—rang;sing—sang;sit—sat;s wim—swam ;sink—sank;
3.把重读开音节中的i改为o;变成过去式..如:
drive—drove;ride—rode;shine—shone;win—won;write—wrote
4.动词原形中的e改为o;变成过去式..如:
get—got;forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的eep改为ept;变成过去式..如:
keep—kept;sleep—slept;sweep—swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo;变成过去式..如:
stand—stood;understand—understood
7.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew;变成过去式..如:draw—drew;grow—grew;know—knew;throw—threw动词show除外;show—showed
8.动词原形中的eak改为oke;变成过去式..如:
break—broke;speak—spoke
sell—sold;tell—told
10.以ought和aught结尾;且读音是:t的过去式..如:bring—brought;buy—bought;think—thought;catch—caught;teach—taug ht
11.以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式..如:can—could;shall—should;will—would
12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式;并且发生音变..如:
hearhi —heardh :d; saysei—saidsed;
meanmi:n—meantment; dream—dreamt dremt
13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样..如:
cut—cut; hit—hit; hurt—hurt; let—let;must—must;
put—put;read—readred;set—set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式..如:
dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined
smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式..如:
am;is—was;are—were;build—built;do—did;eat—ate;fall—fell; feel—felt;find—found;fly—flew;go—went;have /has—
had;hide—hid;
hold—held;lay—laid;leave—left;lie—lay;lose—lost;make—made;may—might;run—ran;see—saw; smell—smelt;take—took;wake—woke; wear—wore
一般形容词后面加ly变成副词;例如:
rapid--rapidly
recent--recently
careful--carefully
careless--carelessly
但不是所有的形容词都可以这样变成副词;例如:
hard a.硬的; 坚固的; 问题; 工作等困难的; 艰苦的; 猛烈的; 确实的adv. 努力地; 辛苦地; 坚硬地; 牢固地; 接近地; 猛烈地
hardly adv.刚刚; 几乎不也就是说hardly不是hard 的副词形式..
英语中有很多词既是形容词也是副词
low
a.低的; 浅的; 消沉的; 微弱的; 粗俗的; 卑贱的; 体质弱的
adv.低下地; 谦卑地; 低声地; 低价地
这得需要平时注意积累
我们知道-ly 是从古英语中liclike发展而来的..一般情况下形容词直接加-ly 变为副词..如:sad悲伤的→sadly悲伤的、common普通的
→commonly通常地、immediate立即的→immediately立即地、recent 近来的→recently近来地等等..下面就笔者的教学实践;简要地介绍一下其变化规则..1.以辅音加读/i/的y 结尾的形容词变为副词时;须将
y 变为i;再加ly..例如:noisy喧闹的一noisily喧闹地a;lgry愤怒的~a;、grily愤怒地heavy重的一heavily沉重地easy容易的~ea、ily容易地busy繁忙的一busily繁忙地hap…
般情况直接在后面加ly 如careful--carefully;
如果单词是以y结尾的;要把y变成i加ly 如happy--happily
答案补充
lovely; friendly; lively虽然是以ly结尾; 但却是形容词; 要注意
形容词和副词用法
一:形容词
定义;形容词用来修饰名词或代词; 表示人或事物的性质; 状态;和特征.. 形容词在句中作定语; 表语; 宾语;补语..
1.作定语;一般放在所修饰词的前面..例如;It’s a cold and windy day.
2.作表语;放在系动词的后面..例如;He looks happy today.
4.作宾语补足语 e.g. You must keep your bedroom clean and tidy.
5.形容词修饰something;anything;nothing;everything等复合不定代词时;须放在其后..例如;Would you like something hot to drink
6.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词;应放在相应的名词之后..
例如;How long is the river It’s about two hundred metres long.
7.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的
例如;The man is ill.正The ill man is my uncle.误
8.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如;My elder brother is in Beijing.正My brother is elder. 误
9.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的
10.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的English-speaking说英语的;11.多个形容词修饰名词时;其顺序为:
限定词冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词——描绘词大小;长短;形状;新旧;长幼;颜色——出处——材料性质——类别——名词
A small round table一张小圆桌
A tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物
A dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣
A famous American medical school一个非常着名的美国医学院
二、形容词常用句型
1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人做某事怎么样”..
注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词;如good 好的;kind友善的;nice友好的;polite有礼貌的;clever聪明的;foolish愚
蠢的;lazy懒惰的;careful细心的;careless粗心的;right正确的;wrong错误的等..
例如;It’s very kind of you to help me.=You are very kind to help me.你能帮助我;真好..
It’s very rude of her to say such words.=She is very rude to say such words.她说这样的话;真粗鲁..
It’s foolish of him to go alone.=He is fo olish to go alone.他单独出去太傻了..
2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”..
注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important重要的;necessary必要的;difficult困难的;easy容易的;hard艰难的;dangerous危险的;safe 安全的;useful有益的;pleasant舒适的;interesting有趣的;impossible不可能的等..
例如;It’s not easy for them to lea rn a foreign language.=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易..
It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的..
It’s nece ssary for us to get to school on time.=To get to school on time is necessary for us.对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的..
3.表示感情或情绪的形容词;如glad高兴的;pleased高兴的;sad忧伤的;thankful感激的等常接不定式..
例如;Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴..
I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻;我非常难过..
4.表示能力和意志的形容词;如ready乐意的;有准备的;able有能力的;sure一定;certain一定等常接不定式..
例如;Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人..
He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校..
二副词
一、副词的定义
表示行为特征或性状特征的词叫副词Adverb..副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子;用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念..
二、副词的种类
常见的副词分类如下:
时间副词today;now;soon;recently;ago;before;since
地点副词here;there;up;down;about;in;out;inside;outside
程度副词very;much;enough;almost;little;quite;so;nearly
程度副词usually;sometimes;never;always;often;seldom;rarely;hardly; 方式副词well;fast;slowly;carefully;badly;hard;quickly;happily;well
疑问副词how;when;where;why
否定副词no;not;hardly;neither;nor
关系副词when;where;why
连接副词yet;so;however;then;how;when;where;whether;why
三、副词的用法
1.作状语
Tom quickly picked up his bag and then went to school.汤姆赶快捡起书包;然后上学去了..方式副词修饰动词
Li Mei speaks very good English. 李梅说一口非常漂亮的英语..程度副词修饰形容词
Luckily;the driver was not hurt badly. 很幸运;那个司机伤得不重..方式副词修饰全句
Those old people are talking and laughing there. 那些老人正在那儿谈笑..地点副词修饰动词
He sometimes visits the farm with his family. 他有时和家人一起参观农场..频度副词修饰动词
How did you go to school last term 你上学期是如何去上学的疑问副词修饰动词
2.作后置定语
The clouds above lifted later on. 天上的云很快就散去了..作后置定语修饰名词clouds
The man upstairs felt very angry with the man downstairs.楼上的人对楼下的人非常生气..作后置定语修饰名词the man
Life here is full of joy. 这儿的生活充满了欢乐..作后置定语修饰名词life
3.作表语
Is Bill in 比尔在家吗
She must be off now.她现在必须离开了..
Time is up. Let's hurry. 时间到了..咱们快点吧
4.作宾语补足语
Her mother kept her away from school.
她妈妈不让她上学了..
Do you want to ask her in 你想让她进来吗
They saw me off last week. 上周他们为我送行..
四、副词的位置:
1 在动词之前..
2 在be动词、助动词之后..
3 多个助动词时;副词一般放在第一个助动词后..
注意:
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾;但宾语过长;副词可以提前;以使句子平衡..
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词well;badly糟、坏;hard等只放在句尾..
He speaks English well.
原级、比较级与最高级用法
一、副词的比较等级和形容词的比较等级构成相似..
1.比较级与最高级的构成
比较级与最高级的构成分规则与不规则两种;规则变化如下:
1在词尾加-er或-est
e.g. tall—taller—tallest fast-faster-fastest
2以字母e结尾;在词尾加-r
e.g. nice—nicer—nicest
late—later—latest
3以重读闭音节结尾;若词尾只有一个辅音字母;先双写这个字母;再加-er; -est.
e.g. big—bigger—biggest
hot—hotter—hottest
4以辅音字母加y结尾;先变y为i;再加-er; -est
e.g. happy—happier—happiest
heavy—heavier—heaviest
2部分双音节词及多音节词在前面加more和most构成比较级和最高级..例如:
3不规则形容词和副词的比较等级变化如下表:
注意
有一些副词没有比较等级..如:
now;then;always;never;ever;here;there;how;usually等..
等级的用法
一、原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词;very;quite;so;too
例如;He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了..
My brother runs so fast that I can‘t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他..
2.原级常用的句型结构
1“甲+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
例如;Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大..
Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍..
“甲+实意动词+倍数+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
例如;Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快..
Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍..
2“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如;This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大..
“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如;He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢..
二、比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词;much;a lot;far;…的多a little;a bit;…一点儿
even甚至;still仍然
例如;Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多..
Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻..
This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快..
She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真..
2.比较级常用的句型结构
1“甲+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
例如;Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高..
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍..
“甲+实意动词+倍数+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
例如;I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早..
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍..
2“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词+介词短语”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”;含义是“甲最……”..
例如;The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长..
=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长..
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流..
注意:The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长..
“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词+介词短语”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”;含义是“甲最……”..
例如;Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早..
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早..
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早..
注意:Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早..迈克和汤姆不是同一个班3“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”..
例如;Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩;我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个..
4“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”..
例如;He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了..
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮..
He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了..
5“the+比较级;the+比较级”表示“越……;越……”..
例如;The more careful you are;the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真;犯的错误越少..
6“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级;甲or乙”
例如;Which is bigger;the earth or the moon 哪一个大;地球还是月球
“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级;甲or乙”
例如;Who draws better;Jenny or Danny 谁画得比较好;詹妮还是丹尼
3.最高级常用句型结构
1“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”..
例如;Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的..
This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的..
“主语+实意动词+the+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”..
例如;I jump the farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的..
2“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”..
例如;Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一..
3“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲;乙;or丙”用于三者以上的比较..
例如;Which country is the largest;China;Brazil or Canada 哪一个国家最大;中国;巴西还是加拿大
“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲;乙;or丙”用于三者以上的比较
例如;Which season do you like the best;spring;summer or autumn 你最喜欢哪一个季节;春天;夏天还是秋天
问请问什么是祈使句
答祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子..它的主语多是You通常不说出..
问祈使句的构成有什么特点
答祈使句可分为肯定、否定两种形式..其中肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头;分两类;
1.连系动词+ 表语如:形容词、名词等引起..例如:
Keep quiet保持安静
Be a good student 要做一名好学生
2.行为动词开头..例如:
Open the door 打开门吧
Come here到这儿来
否定形式的构成是一律在肯定形式的祈使句之前加上Don’t..例如:
Don’t go there alone不要一个人去那里..
Don’t be late for class again别再上课迟到..
问在祈使句中加上please起什么作用此时的否定句怎么变
答在祈使句中加上please可构成“Please…”或“…;please.”句式;please使句子语气显得更委婉、礼貌..此时的否定句应变为“Please don’t…”或“Don’t…;please”例如:
Please give the book to me. / Give the book to me;please.请把那本书给我..
Please don’t play with fire./ Don’t play with fire;please.请别玩火..
问如何用let构成祈使句其否定句式也是“Don’t let…”吗
答由let构成的肯定式的祈使句句型为:
Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它..例如:
Let me have a good rest.让我好好休息一下..
以let引起的祈使句的否定形式;要视其在意思上否定了什么来决定..如否定let;则用Don’t let…向式;如否定let后面的不定式;则在不定式前加not;即用“Let + 宾语+ not+ 动词原形+ 其它..”句式..例如:
Don’t let the children play football on the road.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球..
Let’s not wait outside to gate.
咱们别在门外等..
问什么时候you可以出现在祈使句中
答祈使句的主语通常不说出来;但有时为了指明向谁提出请求、命令等时;或为了加强语气;此时可说出主语you..例如:
You feed the animals today.
今天你喂动物..
You sweep the floor. 你拖地板..
问在肯定式的祈使句前加do起什么作用
答祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用..意为“务必;一定”等..例如:
Do come;please请一定来
Do tell her the thing.务必告诉她此事..
定义
祈使句是英语的基本句型之一;表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等;往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思..
祈使句一般没有主语;实际上是省略了主语“You”..句末用感叹号或句号;用降调朗读..肯定结构都以动词原形开头..例如:
Catch the ball接球句子的意思是让“你”接球
Go and ask the teacher.去问问老师..句子的意思是让“你”去问老师..
Put the books in your bag.把书放到书包里..
Come and meet my family.来看看我家人..
二、句型
1.祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式;即
1Do型以行为动词原形开头;例如:
Sit down坐下Stand up起立
2Be型以be开头;例如:
Be quiet安静
3Let型以let开头; 例如:
Let me help you. 让我来帮助你..
注意:三种句型中Do型是最常见、最简单的一种结构..表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末加上Please; 构成句式:Please...或...Please.以使语气更加缓和或客气..例如:
Please stand up.或Stand up;please.请站起来..
Please have a rest.或Have a rest;please.请休息一下..
2.祈使句的否定结构是以“Don't+动词原形”开头..例如:
Don't go there;please.请别去那儿..
Don't be late.不要迟到..
Don't let him in.不要让他进来..
Don't let the water run into the room.不要让水流进屋里.. 注意:Let's型祈使句;其否定式也可用
Let's not.....如:
Let's not have rest.咱们别休息了..。

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