2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：48

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编
押题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The terrorists kidnapped the director of the company and demanded a large sums of money for his （）.
问题1选项
A.liberty
B.relief
C.relaxation
D.release
【答案】D
【解析】上下文语义。

句意：恐怖分子绑架了这家公司的经理，要求得到一大笔钱才会释放他。

选项D符合句意。

2.
单选题
One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（）to expressed thoughts.
问题1选项
A.dilemmas
B.countenances
C.concessions
D.junctions
【答案】B
【解析】名词词义辨析。

dilemmas困境；countenances面容；concessions让步；junctions连接点。

句意：一个人可以通过注意他人的眼睛和面部即时的或短暂的反应来更好地理解别人。

选项B符合句意。

3.
单选题
Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have （） ones.
问题1选项
A.similar
B.singular
C.different
D.separate
【答案】D
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

句意：两个孩子必须睡在一张床上，而另外三个孩子睡在不同的床上。

根据语境可知，这里指分开的独立的床，选项D符合语境。

4.
单选题
The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national（）.
问题1选项
A.personality
B.temperament
C.interest
D.destiny
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。

句意：中日两国文化有许多共同的特点，但两国都根据各自的国情发挥了这些特点。

National temperament指“国情”，为常用搭配。

选项B正确。

5.
单选题
Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that he（） in the game.
问题1选项
A.did not play
B.must not play
C.not play
D.not to play
【答案】C
【解析】suggest表建议时用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，should可省略，所以选项C正确。

6.
单选题
Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress（）for the occasion.
问题1选项A.has been cleaned
B.should have been cleaned
C.is being cleaned
D.has been cleaning
【答案】A
【解析】句意：老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。

根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。

7.
单选题
It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.
Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executi ve officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss’s job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry, so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top—and on the way up—executives are exceedingly dedicated. The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.
These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor’s admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.
Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other’s m anagerial ranks.
1.We can infer from the second paragraph that（）.
2.The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of （）.
3.From the last paragraph we can gather that （）.
4.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where （） .
5.What is NOT true according to the article?
问题1选项
A.promotion depends on amiability
B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level
C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates
D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry
问题2选项
A.hallucination exercise
B.physical exercise
C.meditation exercise
D.entertainment
问题3选项
A.there are too many aggressive executives
B.individual talent is not essential for a company
C.the job of an “executive search firm” is corporate head-hunting
D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other’s managerial ranks
问题4选项A.they can conduct their business
B.they can indulge themselves
C.they can cultivate their mind
D.they can exercise as well as socialize
问题5选项
A.Executives tend to ignore doctors’ advice and warnings.
B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.
C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.
D.Executives are careful of what they eat.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节推理题。

根据第二段的内容可知，选项A, B, C均表述错误；只有选项D符合原文。

2.语义辨析题。

根据原文句意可知，这种运动能够“保持心脏健康”，由此可推测这是一种身体的锻炼，选项中只有选项B正确。

3.细节判断题。

根据最后一段首句“Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms”, is a growing industry.”可知选项C与原文相符。

4.细节判断题。

根据关键词“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.”高尔夫不仅提供了一个运动的场所，还结合了一些有用的社交活动。

选项D符合原文。

5.细节判断题。

根据第一段第一句“It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.”高管们每年通过薪酬、股票期权和奖金能获得数百万美元，这并不罕见。

原文并没说所有的主管都年入百万，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确。

8.
单选题
For anyone who has experienced an earthquake, the experience can be frightening and traumatic. In addition to the movement of the ground, people need to be concerned with collapsing
buildings and falling debris, such as flying glass. The majority of the injuries and deaths that occur from the earthquakes are due to falling objects and structures. The effect of an earthquake can also cause dangerous landslides, fires, gas line explosions and flood-waters from collapsing dam. The goal of seismologists is to understand the earthquake and other seismic activity on Earth. This information, when shared with people in earthquake-prone areas, can help decrease the number of deaths and injuries that may occur.
One of the most destructive effects of earthquake is tsunami. Tsunami, giant ocean waves, from after an earthquake has occurred on the ocean floor. If the tsunami crashes into land, it may cause destruction. The difficulty with protecting people from tsunami is that they may come without warning and at an extremely high speed. Once undersea earthquakes occur, the ocean floor rises and sinks. This is when tsunami may begin to form. Along with this shifting of the ocean floor, there is also a large mass of seawater that may drop or rise. To adjust the sudden change in sea level, the mass of water moves upward and downward. As it is moving, a series of reactions come long. Low waves begin to move from the point of the epicenter outward. These waves will increase in height as they come closer to the shore. Underwater landslides caused by earthquakes may also form tsunamis.
On land, the focus of an earthquake’s destruction is usually buildings and property. Most of the buildings today are built using strict building codes. These codes require that the building can withstand the swaying motion of the ground during an earthquake. However, there buildings, like skyscrapers, may sway so violently that they may tip over and cause damage to lower structures nearby. One factor that affects the intensity of an earthquake is the local geology. The type of land that beneath the buildings can determine the way the buildings respond to an earthquake. Buildings are constructed on loose soil and rock. Likely soil and rock vibrate as if they were jelly. When buildings are constructed on this type of land, they tend to have an exaggerated motion and to sway violently.
1.This article is concerned with（）.
2.The word “seismologists”(Line 5, Paragraph 1) refers to（）.
3.The term “earthquake-prone area” (Line 6, Paragraph 1) probably means（）.
4.According to the author, tsunamis are caused by（）.
5.From the last paragraph of the article, we can infer that the intensity of an earthquake is closely related to（）.
问题1选项
A.earthquakes only
B.tsunamis only
C.both earthquakes and tsunamis
D.various natural disasters 问题2选项
A.experts who are interested in buildings
B.people who act as rescues when earthquakes occur
C.people who have ability to predict tsunamis
D.experts who study earthquakes and related phenomena
问题3选项
A.a place where earthquakes are more likely to happen
B.a region that tsunamis are more likely to occur
C.an area that is more suitable for the construction of skyscrapers
D.a zone in which earthquakes are very likely to happen
问题4选项
A.extreme climatic change due to global warming
B.destruction of the balance of the ecology
C.earthquakes
D.rising sea level of the ocean as well as carbon dioxide emission
问题5选项
A.structures of the building
B.solidity of the building
C.the height of the building
D.the local geology
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】1.主旨思想题。

结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是地震及其影响，并着重介绍了其最具破坏性的影响之一——海啸。

所以选项C正确。

2.信息推断题。

根据第一段倒数第二句“The goal of seismologists is to understand the earthquake and other seismic activity on Earth.”可知，seismologists的目标是了解地球上的地震及其引发的其他活动。

选项D符合原文。

3.信息推断题。

结合上下文“...can he lp decrease the number of deaths and injuries that may occur.”分享这些信息能够帮助减少可能发生的死亡和受伤人数。

由此可以推断，“earthquake-prone area”指容易发生地震的地方，选项A正确。

4.事实细节题。

根据第二段的一二句可知，地震最具破坏性的影响之一是海啸。

海啸是巨大的海浪，发生在海底地震后。

由此可知，海啸是由地震导致的，选项C正确。

5.事实细节题。

根据最后一段第五句“One factor that affects the intensity of an earthquake is the local geology.”影响地震强度的一个因素是当地的地质条件。

选项D符合原文。

9.
单选题
He（） himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.
问题1选项
A.repealed
B.resented
C.replayed
D.reproached
【答案】D
【解析】reproach sb. for sth.为某事斥责某人。

句意：他为那天晚上的卑鄙行为狠狠地责备了自己。

选项D符合句意。

10.
单选题
Melissa is a computer （）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.
问题1选项
A.genius
B.virus
C.disease
D.bacteria
【答案】B
【解析】名词词义辨析和上下文语义。

根据下句“destroyed files in computers”可推测Melissa是一种计算机病毒，选项B符合语境。

11.
单选题
The increase in student numbers （） many problems for the universities.
问题1选项
A.forces
B.presses
C.provides
D.poses
【答案】D
【解析】动词词义辨析。

force强迫，迫使；press逼迫；provide提供；pose造成，形成。

句意：学生
人数的增加给大学造成了许多问题。

选项D符合句意。

12.
单选题
The novel contains some marvelously revealing （） of rural life in the 19th century.
问题1选项
A.glances
B.glimpses
C.glares
D.gleams
【答案】B
【解析】名词词义辨析。

glance扫视，强调动作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，强调快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒视，强调目不转睛地“注视”；gleam闪光，瞬息的一现，还可指情感流露。

根据句意可知，选项B更符合语境。

13.
单选题
Tom and Alice（） having a new car to replace their old one for years.
问题1选项
A.has been dreaming of
B.have been dreaming of
C.has dreamed
D.will have dreamed 【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知谓语应该用复数，首先排除选项A和C，再根据“for years”可知，应用现在完成时，所以选项B正确。

14.
单选题
Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, （）the color of his skin.
问题1选项
A.with the exception of
B.in the light of
C.by virtue of
D.regardless of
【答案】D
【解析】词组词义辨析。

with the exception of除......以外；in the light of根据，依据；by virtue of 依靠，凭借，由于；regardless of不顾，不管。

句意：这个国家的每个人都有权住在他想住的地方，不管他的肤色如何。

选项D符合句意。

15.
单选题
The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.
问题1选项
A.frightening
B.promising
C.freezing
D.revealing
【答案】A
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。

选项A与之意思相近，正确。