2019版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题10主谓一致和特殊句式教师用书北师大版201804

专题十主谓一致和特殊句式
一、主谓一致
[全国卷考情分析]
题型分类典题试做命题解读
语法填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) When fat and salt are
removed(remove) from food，the food
tastes as if it is missing something.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I was allowed(allow)
to get up close to these cute animals at
the 600­acre cent re.
近几年高考对主谓一致的
考查主要在语法一致和意
义一致，就近一致相对来说
考查较少，并且高考常常将
主谓一致与动词的时态语
态结合起来进行综合考查。

短文改错
1.(2016·浙江高考)He would ask who we
was→were and pretend not to know us.
2．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)My dream school
look→looks like a big garden.
3．(陕西高考)Finally，there were→was a
sudden pull at the pole and a fish was
caught.
1.名词或代词作主语时主
谓一致错误；
2．非谓语动词或从句作主
语时主谓一致错误；
3．倒装句的主谓一致错误；
4．“就近”与“就远”原
则的错用。

(对应学生用书第224页)
语法一致
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·湖南高考)It is important to remember that success is(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.
2．What they need most is(be) money while what we need most are(be) textbooks. Ⅱ.单句改错
(2017·福建冲刺卷)Newspapers，as well as magazines，plays an important role in daily communication.plays→play
【导学号：33220123】[再解读要点]
1．不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。

what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。

Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport，but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.
夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。

What he has said leaves much for us to think about.他说的话发人深省。

2．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。

3．如果主语后面带有as well as，with，along with，together with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，in common with等加其他名词时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

(2017·辽宁沈阳模拟)Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers was sent to the village school last week.
上周现代化的教学设备和几百台电脑被送到了那所乡村学校。

意义一致
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations，which was(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. 2．The majority of visitors were(be) in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was(be) simply surprising.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(2017·陕西西安二模)The earth looks like a big blue ball，which is because two thirds of the earth's surface are made up of vast oceans.are→is
[再解读要点]
1．“分数/百分数/a lot of/plenty of/ the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some
of ...＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词由短语中的名词来确定。

The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。

Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。

易错警示
quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。

The young，on the one hand，often think of the old conservative.On the other hand，the old always consider the young inexperienced.
一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。

3．people，police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；family，team，class，audience等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指组成集体的成员，则用复数形式。

The family as well as their dog were trapped on the roof by the flood yesterday. 昨天那家人还有他们的狗都被洪水困在屋顶。

4．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。

(2017·吉林模拟)The number of people invited was fifty，but a few of them were absent for different reasons.受到邀请的总共有50人，但其中有一些人因为各种原因而缺席。

就近一致
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is(be) a dog and three ducks in the yard，in the middle of which are(be) two tall trees with great shade.
【导学号：33220124】2．Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary are(be) planning to go，because they have never been there before.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(2017·聊城二模)Between the two rows of trees stand the teaching building.stand→stands
[再解读要点]
1．由or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

(2017·贵州遵义二模)Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes great interest in the piano lessons.
不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹——玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。

2．在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。

In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。

3．there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词时，be的形式与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in my new office.在我的新办公室里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。

[技法点拨]
主谓一致与语法填空主谓一致与短文改错
1.根据句中的主语，判断谓语动词形式；
2．根据主谓一致的三个原则确定谓语动词的形式。

近年来高考对主谓一致在语法填空中的考查主要集中在与动词时态语态结合起来考查。

1.看主语为第一、二人称还是第三人称，确定谓语动词形式是否正确；
2．看到主语为动名词短语、不定式或从句，确定谓语动词应为第三人称单数的形式是否正确；3．看到either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接并列主语时，确定谓语动词是不是采取了就近原则。

二、特殊句式
[全国卷考情分析]
题型分类典题试做命题解读
语法填空1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything－
gardening，cooking，music，sports－but
whatever it is，make(make) sure it's a
relief from daily stress rather than
another thing to worry about.
在语法填空中强调句是高考
的难点，倒装句是高考的热
点，在语法填空中出现的概
率较大。

此外，状语从句中
的省略、祈使句和there be
2．(2015·湖南高考)It was when we were
returning home that I realized what a good
feeling it was to have helped someone in
trouble.
句型的各种时态的应用也是
高考考查的重点项目。

短文改错
1.(2017·山东青岛一中模拟)I had trouble
overcoming my addiction to alcohol，and so
was→did my friend Mike.
2．(2017·湖南师大附中检测)It is the stable
and comfortable life where→that has
destroyed the young man's ambition to be a
great explorer.
1.倒装句中助动词或系动词
的缺失或误用；
2．强调句型中it或that
的误用；
3．感叹句中what和how 的
误用；
4．祈使句中动词原形的误
用；
5．there be句型中be动词
单复数的误用。

(对应学生用书第226页)
倒装句
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·天津高考)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
【导学号：33220125】2．(2017·渭南一模)On the top of the hill stands(stand) a temple where the old man once lived.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.在hardship后加did
[再解读要点]
1．完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。

(重庆高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。

2．部分倒装
(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。

(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。

(3)so/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语意为“……也是如此/也不……”。

(4)在not only...but (also)...句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。

(5)not until...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。

(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。

(2016·江苏高考)Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist­related activities in the rural areas.
直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。

(湖南高考)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。

强调句
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·天津高考)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
2．(2015·重庆高考)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(四川高考)Was it because Jack came late for school which Mr.Smith got angry?
which→that
[再解读要点]
1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that) 一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?
(2017·天津高考) It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。

(四川高考)Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)
(湖南高考)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。

易错警示
强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。

该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。

其他常考特殊句式
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·北京高考)If accepted(accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon. 2．(2017·山西太原调研)There seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2017·福建质检)Failing for the first time has made him come to know what important
a second chance is.what→how
【导学号：33220126】2．Standing on the top of the tower and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.Standing→Stand
[再解读要点]
一、省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。

(湖南高考)Children，when accompanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。

2．不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。

常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。

(2016·江苏高考)Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。

(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。

(陕西高考)If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。

3．特殊的省略结构：if省略结构
if so如果这样的话
if not如果不是这样的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
if any如果有的话
二、感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋主语＋谓语！
(辽宁高考)What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。

The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。

三、祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。

(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。

祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。

祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。

(2017·北京东城期末)Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。

(2)祈使句表示假设的情况。

①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句
(全国大纲卷)Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。

Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.
立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。

四、there be句型
(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。

并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。

There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。

Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。

(2)there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性
[技法点拨]
特殊句式与语法填空特殊句式与短文改错
1.注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句
式；
2．根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当
的词。

遇到特殊句式，要注意倒装句、强调句、省
略句、祈使句、感叹句等的构成特点，从而
确定错因。

(对应学生用书第228页)
[核心考点针对练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·哈尔滨六校联考)Such good use does he make of his spare time that his English has improved a lot.
2．(2015·湖南高考)Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
3．(天津高考)Give me a chance，and I'll give you a wonderful surprise. 4．(2017·广东三校联考)It was not until dark that he found what he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
【导学号：33220127】5．(2017·湖南四校期中)When we arrived，we were surprised to find that the air as well as large quantities of water was(be) polluted.
6．The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.What
a dangerous scene it was!
7．One­third of the country is(be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are(be) black people.
8．When exposed(expose) to danger and conflict，men tend to increase blood pressure，feeling nervous or anxious.
9．As far as I can see，there is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
10．(2017·安徽屯溪一中月考)Don't be discouraged.Take(take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The driver wanted to park his car by the roadside but was asked by the police not to do.
去掉do
2．It was nobody else at hand，and I had to carry the heavy box to the eighth floor by myself.
It→There
3．Only at this moment the parents realize that what great effect their behavior had on their children.
在the前加did
4．(2017·山东省实验中学诊断)Knock at the door before you enter the office，and you'll be considered impolite.and→or
5．(2017·山东青岛质检)On the one hand，reading paper books do bring us benefits.do →does
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．我们班除了李磊和李华，还没有人出过国。

Nobody but Li Lei and Li Hua in our class has been abroad before．
2．只有通过每天花费至少两个小时学英语，你才能快速提高它。

(倒装句)
Only by spending at least two hours learning English every day can you improve it quickly．
3．当我们遇到麻烦时，我们总可以依靠的是我们的父母。

(强调句)
It is our parents that we can always depend on when we're in trouble. 4．尽管面临着很多问题，但他们没有失去信心。

(省略句)
Although faced with many problems，they didn't lose heart.
5．雾霾天气让我们意识到了我们现在面临的问题是多么严重。

(感叹句)
The smoggy weather has made us realize what terrible problems we are faced with．
[高考题型综合练]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·山东省部分重点中学调研) The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing 1 (popular) in the international worl d of high fashion.The name “cheongsam” 2 (mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China's Guangdong Province.In
other parts of the country including Beijing，however，it 3 (know) as “qipao”，which has a history behind it.
After the early Manchu (满族的) rulers came to China，the Manchu women wore 4 (normal)a one­piece dress which came to be called “qipao”． 5 the 1911 Revolution ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty，the female dress survived the political change and，with later improvements，has become the traditional dress for Chinese women.
The cheongsam， 6 neck is high，collar closed，fits well the Chinese female figure，and its sleeves may be either short，medium or full 7 (long)，depending on seasons or tastes.In addition，it is not too complicated 8 (make)．Nor 9 it need too much material.Another beauty of the cheongsam is that it can be worn either 10 casual or formal occasions.In either case，it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm，elegance and neatness.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要对中国的特色服装——旗袍做了简要说明。

1．popularity[考查名词。

分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词作enjoys的宾语，故填popularity，且popularity为不可数名词。

]
2．meaning[考查非谓语动词。

空处和句子谓语entered之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且空处和句子主语The name构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。

]
3．is known[考查时态和语态。

此处是对客观情况的一般性描述，应用一般现在时；it 与know存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。

]
4．normally[考查副词。

修饰动词应用副词，故用副词normally修饰动词wore，在句子中作状语。

]
5．Although/Though/While[考查连词。

根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的让步关系，故用连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句。

]
6．whose[考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，应用whose引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作定语。

]
7．length[考查词性转换。

由空前的形容词full可知，空处应用名词length。

]
8．to make[考查固定用法。

分析句子结构可知，此处为固定用法：too...to do sth.意为“太……而不能……”。

]
9．does[考查倒装句。

否定副词放句首，句子要倒装，即：助动词放在主语之前；由本段的时态可知，应用一般现在时，故填does。

]
10．on[考查介词。

on...occasion意为“在……场合下”为固定搭配，符合语境，故用
介词on。

]
【导学号：33220128】Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I walk into my new high school.After registered in the classroom，the volunteer took me to my dormitory.Altogether I had five roommates，two of which arrived later.I got to know my new roommate immediately.Although I was quite un willing to say “Goodbye” to my father，but he had to leave to home.I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently.Not until then I know my senior high school life had real begun.
【答案】
It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I
walk
walked
into my new high
school.After
registered
registering
in the classroom，
the
a
volunteer took me to my
dormitory.Altogether I had five roommates，two of which
whom
arrived later.I got to know
my new roommate
roommates
immediately.Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to
my father，but
yet/but he had to leave
to
for
home.I suddenly realized I had grown up and
that I had to look after
me
myself
and live independently.Not until then
∧
did I know
my senior high school life had real
really
begun.
【导学号：33220129】。