(完整版)高中英语被动语态总结,文档

高中英语被动语态总结
一、需要使用被动语态的情况
在以下情况常需要使用被动语态：
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不用说出动作的执行者(这时可省 by 短语 )。

My bike was stolen last night.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。

The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）
二、被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态平时为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成， be 随
时态的变化而变化。

以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1)am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时
2)has /have been done现在完成时
3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时
4)was/were done 一般过去时
5)had been done 过去完成时
6)was/were being done 过去进行时
7)shall/will be done 一般将来时
8)should/would be done 过去将来时
9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）
10)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）
2.被动语态的特别结构形式
1)带神情动词的被动结构：神情动词＋ be＋过去分词。

The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2)有些动词能够有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，能够把主动结构中的一个宾
语变为主语，另一宾语依旧保留在谓语后边。

平时变为主语的是间接宾语。

His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3)当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构
中的主语，其他不动。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette可.改为 The boy was caught smoking
a cigarette.
4) 在使役动词 have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后边不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构
时，要加 to。

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为 A stranger was seen to
walk into the building.
5)有些相当于及物的，如“ ＋介”，“ ＋副”等，也能够用于被构，但要把
它看作一个整体，不能够分开。

其中的介或副也不能够省略。

The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3.非的被的构成
1). 不定式一般式的被。

由“ to be+去分”构成。

如：
She asked to be given some work to do.她要求她一些工作做。

He was the last person to be asked to speak他.是最后被邀言的人。

2). 不定式完成式的被。

由“ to have been+去分”构成。

如：
I should like to have been told the result earlier.我本想人把果早点告我
的。

3). 在分一般式的被。

由“ being+去分”构成。

如：
I saw him being taken away. 我看有人把他走了。

Being protected by a wall， he felt quite safe. 有作保，他感觉很安全。

4). 在分完成式的被。

由“ having been+去分”构成。

如： Having been
invited to spea,I ’ll start making preparations tomorrow.
因邀我去，我明天就得做准。

The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it.
已开始了，他不得不下去。

5). 名一般式的被。

由“ being+去分”构成。

如：
He hates being made a fool of. 他被人愚弄。

This question is far from being settled. 个没解决。

6). 名完成式的被。

由“ having been+去分”构成。

如：
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret.
杰妮没受舞蹈的是她感觉憾的事。

After having been instructed to drive out of town， I began to acquire confidence.
在接到把开出城的指令后，我开始信心实足了。

注：去分没有被式，因它自己能够表示被意。

如：
The door remained locked. 依旧着
三、 It is said that+ 从句及其他近似句型
一些表示“ ”或“相信”等的如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等能够用于句型“ It ＋be＋去分＋ that 从句”或“ 主＋ be＋去分＋ to do sth. ”。

It is said that 据⋯， It is reported that 据⋯道， It is believed that 大家⋯相信，It is hoped that 大家⋯希望，It is well known that 众所⋯周知，It is thought that ⋯大家， It is suggested that 据建⋯。

It is said that the boy has passed the national exam（.＝ The boy is said to
have passed the national exam.） .
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英中有很多如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write， wash 等，当它被用作不及物来描述主特点，常用其主形式表达被
意，主平时是物。

This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主表被的是主的特点，而被外界作用造成的影响。

比： The door won't lock．（指自己有弊端）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来 , 指“ 没有”是人的原因） 2. 表示“ 生、行” 的不及物和短，如： happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主形式表示
被意。

How do the newspapers come out?些是如何印出来的呢？
3. 系没有被形式 , 但有些表示感觉、感官的系 feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等
在主系表构中常以主形式表示被意。

Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用名和不定式的主形式表被意。

1.在 need，want， require, bear等的后边，名用主形式表示被意，其含相当
于不定式的被形式。

The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．房子需要维修。

2.形容 worth 后边跟名的主形式表示被含，但不能够跟不定式；而 worthy 后
边跟不定式的被形式。

The picture-book is well worth reading．(＝ The picture-book is very worthy to be read．)
3.不定式在名后边作定，不定式和名之有关系，又和句中另一名或代构
成主关系 , 不定式的主形式表示被含。

I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do 与 things 是关系，与 I
是主关系。

)
比： I ’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?此( 用不定式
的被作定表示 you 不是 post 作的行者。

)
4.在某些“形容＋不定式”做表或足的构中，句子的主或
又是不定式的，常用不定式的主形式表达被意。

些形容有 nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting
等。

This problem is difficult to work out . （可看作 to work out 省略了 for me） .
5.在 too ⋯ to ⋯构中，不定式前面可加主，所以用主形式表示被意。

This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6.在 there be 句⋯型中，当不定式修名作定，不定式用主式作定，重点在人，
用被形式作定，重点在物。

There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose 可看作 for us to lose；用 to be
lost， lost time 不明确。

）
7. 在 be to do构中的一些不定式平时用主表主, 被表被。

可是 ,由于
古英的影响 ,以下 rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主形式表示被意。

Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词 in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方向的介与含作意的名合用，含被之，其意相当于名相的被形式，
名前一般不用冠。

1.“ under名+ ” 构，表示“某事在行中”如：
under control（受控制） , under treatment（在治中） , under repair（在维修中） , under discussion（在中） , under construction（在施工中）。

The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2.“ beyond+名” 构，“出乎⋯⋯⋯⋯ 范、限度”：
beyond belief (令人以置信 )， beyond one ’ s reach（鞭莫及），beyond one ’s control （无法控制）， beyond one’s hope （比期的要好）。

The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.“ above+名” 构 , 表示“ (品、行、能力等 ) 超⋯⋯、高于⋯⋯”
His honest character is above all praise． =His honest character cannot be praised enough．
4.“ for+名” 构，表示“适于⋯⋯ , 着⋯⋯”。

如： for sale(销
售 ), for rent（出租）等。

That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5.“ in+名” 构，表示“在⋯⋯程中或范内”如： in print （在
印刷中）， in sight(在野范内 )，等。

6.“ on+名” 构 , 表示“在从事⋯⋯中””。

常的有： on sale(销
售 )， on show（展出） , on trial（受）。

Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7.“ out of+名” 构；表示“超出⋯⋯之外“，常的有：
out of control (控制不了 )， out of sight （超出之外），out of one’ s reach(不
着 ), out of fashion(不流行 )等。

The plane was out of control (can’ t be．controlled)。

8.“ within+名” 构，“在⋯⋯内、不超⋯⋯”。

He took two days off within the teacher's permission．
七、被动语态与系表结构的差异
当“be+去分”作被表示主承受的作；作系表构表示主的特点或所的
状， be 后边的去分是表，相当于形容。

其区分法以下：
1．若是作或句中有介 by 引出作的行者，句一般被，否系表构。

The glass is broken．（系表构）
The glass was broken by the boy．（被动语态）
2．若是句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。

The door is locked．（系表结构）
The door has already/just been locked．（被动语态）
3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以够用于其他各种时态，而
系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态。

The machine is being repaired．
八、被动语态与高考试题赏析
1．高考对谓语动词语态的观察例析
1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
2). This is Ted’ s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___while trying to save a child in
the earthquake.
A. killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing
3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?
---- Not yet, the rooms _____.
A. are being painted
B. are painting
C. are painted
D. are being painting
4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet.
A. are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the
tickets ___.
A. was booked
B. had been booked
C. were booked
D. have been booked
2．高考对非谓语动词语态的观察
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时 , 须用被动式。

弄清非谓语动词与
其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的重点。

1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___
whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
2). While shopping, people sometimes can’ t help ___ into buying something they don’ t really need.
A. to persuaded
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
3). I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame
B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed
D. should blame
答案与剖析：
1.高考对谓语动词语态的观察例析
1). B 由于 serve是及物动词，其动作承受者 tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

2)C Ted 是 kill 的承受者，用被动语态，且 Ted 救人发生在过去，所以用一般过
去时的被动语态。

3)A “house和”“paint应”该是被动的关系，消除B，D。

后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。

不能够用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，消除 C。

4)D decide 是及物动词，动作的发出者平时是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，
所以 decide 要用被动语态。

从题干的语境和重点词 yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

5)B 句中 tickets 是 book(订票 )的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应
发生在 entered the office这个过去动作从前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

2．高考对非谓语动词语态的观察
1)B 依照题意，那对老夫妇可否到外国旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故
消除掉C、D 两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it 是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到外国旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

2)C can ’ t help doing不由得“做某事”，消除 A 和 D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。

3)A feel 的宾语从句为重申句型，在 be to do 结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的
主动语态表示被动语态，如 be to blame .
九、被动语态牢固练习
（一）、选择正确的选项，使句意畅达完满。

1. If city noises ____ from increasing, people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A. are not kept； will have to
B. are not kept；have
C. do not keep； will have to
D. do not keep；have to
2.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
3.--- ____the sports meet might be put off.
--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I've been told
B. I've told
C. I'm told
D. I told
4.I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed
B. completes
C. has been completed
D. is completed
5.Rainforests ___and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut
B. are cut
C. are being cut
D. had been cut
6.The new suspension bridge ___by the end of last month.
A. has been designed
B. had been designed
C. was designed
D. would be designed
7.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. was broken
D. had been broken
8.Great changes ___in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up
D. were taken place; were set up
9.That suit __over 60 dollars.
A. had costed
B. costed
C. is cost
D. cost
10.--- Look! Everything here is under construction.
---What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built
B. has been built
C. is built
D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material?
--- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt
12.It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A. write
B. to write
C. to be written
D. written
13.I have no more letters ____, thank you．
A. to type
B. typing
C. to be typed
D. typed
14. Take care! Don ’ t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __easily.
A. won ’t wash out
B. won ’t be washed out
C. isn ’t washed out
D. isn’t washing out
15.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A. be put up
B. give in
C. be turned on
D. go out
16.The computers on the table ___Professor Smith.
A. belongs
B. are belonged to
C. belongs to
D. belong to
17.--- What do you think of the book?
---Oh, excellent. It ’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read
B. to be read
C. reading
D. being read
18.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching
B. to be caught
C. being caught
D. to catch
19.This page needed ___again.
A. being checked
B. checked
C. to check
D. to be checked
20.___many times, the boy still didn’ t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught
B. Having been taught
C. taught
D. Teaching
(二 )、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1.It's said(听闻 ) that the long bridge______________(build) in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting ______________ (discuss) now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______(speak) in the world？
4.The lost boy_____________(not find) so far．
st year a large number of trees______________(cut) down．
6.The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
8.Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9.What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?
They_______________(make) of metal(金属 ) and wood.
10. Can the magazine _______(take) out of the library?
11.The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
12.The stars can’ t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
13.Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
14.This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
15.How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?
16.The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
17.Look! Someone __________(dance).
（三）、语篇填空。

Ted Robinson ______(worry)all the week. Last Tuesday he______ (receive)
a letter from the local police. In the letter he ______(ask) to call at the station.
Ted______(wonder) why he______(want) by the police, but he ______(go) to the station yesterday and now he______( not worry) any more. At the station, he
______(tell) by a smiling policeman that his bicycle______(find). Five days ago, the policeman ______(tell) him, the bicycle ______(pick) up in a small village four hundred miles away. Now,it______(sent) to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he ____(hear) the news. He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle____(find). It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !
参照答案：
（一）
1--5 ACADC6--10 BCBDA 11--15 CBCAD16--20 DCCDB
（二）
1.will be built
2. is being discussed
3. is spoken
4. hasn ’ t been found
5. were cut
6.are told
7. must be sent
8. are sold
9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen13. have been watered14. sells 15. has been16. smells17 is dancing
（三）
has been worried; received; was asked; wondered; was wanted; went; is not worried; was told; had been found; told; was picked; is being sent; heard;to be found。