词类转换译法

英语中许多名词, 动词含义灵活, 翻译时需要从其基本 意义出发, 联系上下文加以灵活处理。
通常情况下, 由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义或含 有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成汉语动词; 由形容 词派生的名词和一些加不定冠词作表语用的名词往往 可以转译成形容词。有些意义抽象的名词或名词短语 与句子其他成分之间存在一定的逻辑关系时, 可以根 据其意义转译成汉语副词或相应的状语成分。
give no evidence of 不足以说明 keep watch over 密切注视 have an effect on 影响 put on an imitation 模仿
2. prep. + objective + prep. in answer to 响应
on account of 基于…的原因 in proportion to 与…成比例 He has already made mention of the matter in
那天交好运的渔夫们都已回来 。
What film will be on this evening?
今晚放映什么影片？
That book will be out pretty soon.
那本书不久就要出版了。
In those years the republicans were in.
那些年是共和党执政。
Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.
他们沿着大街走去, 经过许多商店, 穿过一 个大广场, 然后进入了一座大厦.
3 形容词转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状 态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时， 往往可转译成动词。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious，grateful, able, content, suspicious, resentful等。
change.
我们的时代是深刻政治变革的见证。
He aims to enter the university next year. 他的目标是明年进大学
（二） 有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以 译成“受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（加） 以+名词”这类结构。如：
He was treated very shabbily by the press during this period.
他演唱的歌曲将白人乡村音乐和伤感的黑人 民歌融为一体，非常激动人心。
He is a regular visitor. 他经常来.
(2) 含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体 中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。如：
As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete.
他们不信任他, 讨厌他.
4 副词转译成动词
He is not in/ out.
他出去了。
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
他跑出去时,忘了穿鞋子.
The successful fishermen of that day were already in.
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 The government called for the establishment of
more technical schools.
在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干 的坏事。
I am no drinker, nor smoker. 我既不喝酒, 也不抽烟.
He is a lover of Chinese painting. 他热爱中国画。
This pupil is a good writer. 这个小学生文章写的不错. I am an amateur actor. He is a better player
his speech. 他在讲演中曾提到过这件事。
He showed with his eyes that heissent.
他瞧了他一下，表示他听见了，但没有表 示同意或不同意。
The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students’ health.
党支书很关心学生的健康。
2 介词转译成动词
Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.
千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷.
He came to my home for help.
他来我家, 请求帮助.
政府号召建立更多的技术学校.
Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy reference.
把这本词典放在你书桌上，以备随时查阅。
His music was an exciting mixture of white country music and black blues.
由于英汉两种语言在表达方式上的不同，有些英语形 容词可译成汉语副词，这种转译法在形容词修饰的名 词转译成汉语动词时更为常用。
一 转译成动词 二 转译成名词 三 转译成形容词 四 其他词类转译
a. 形容词与副词的互相转译 b. 名词与副词的互相转译
一、 转译成动词
1. 名詞转译成动詞
（1）由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中 出现比较多。如：
To them, he personified the absolute power.
在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
2. 名词转用的动词译成名词
He objected that the plan is not practical. 他反对的理由是：这个计划不现实。 Our age is witnessing a profound political
二转译成名词一英语中很多由名词派生的动词以及由名词转用的动词在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词这时可将其转译成汉语名英语中许多名词派生的动词以及由名词转用的动词在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词这时可以将其转译成汉语动词
Chapter Four
( Part I )
Conversion in EnglishChinese Translation
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.
I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得 好。
Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings.
At noon, she came home for lunch.
中午, 她回家吃午饭.
The people are with him. 人民拥护他.
The woman, with her two daughters, arrived. 这妇女带着两个女儿到了. He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球. He was away before dawn. 他是黎明前出发的. Everyone was away on holiday. 大家都去度假了. What are you after? 你追求什么?
than I. 我是个业余演员，他演得比我好。
3. 作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词， 如： to have a rest; to have a good look at; take a walk; go for a walk
A. verb + objective + prep.
make a claim to 要求，主张
两个原因使词类转换在翻译中极为普遍:
一、英语有的词类在汉语中没有，翻译时不得 不转换；
二、英语属于印欧语系, 汉语属汉藏语系。英汉 两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面有许多不同， 因此，英译汉时在多数情况下很难将两种语言 的词汇或结构一一对应。
为了使译文符合汉语的习惯，更为地道，翻译 时不必拘泥于原文的表层结构，可以在忠实原 文意义的前提下将原文中某些词的词类或成分 转换为汉语的其他词类或成分。
的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词， 这时可以将其转译成汉语动词。例如：
The development of scientific research in China is characterized by the integration of theory with practice.
中国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。
3. 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher 教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并 不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作 意味，在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时， 往往可以译成动词。
指职业的时候只能译成名词。e.g.
She is a well-known singer.
He is the best singer of this song in our class.
He started at a walk but soon broke into a run.
他开始时慢慢走着，但一会儿就奔跑起来。
The film took my thoughts back to the days in London.
影片使我回想起在伦敦的日子。 beyond thought 想象不到 after much thought 经仔细考虑后
在这期间，他受到了新闻界极不公正的对待。
I was encouraged by our president.
我得到了校长的鼓励。
Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out.
安装双层窗御寒。
二、 转译成名词
（一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及 由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找 到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名 词。
l 1. 名词派生的动词 英语中许多名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用
一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。
International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another.
国际贸易就是一个国家生产的商品和提供的 服务与另一个国家生产的商品和服务进行交 换。
她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是 我必须小心谨慎。
It was a very informative meeting. 会上透露了许多信息。
They were not content with their present achievements.
他们不满足于现有的成就.
They were suspicious and resentful of him.