Top_50_European_grocery_retailers_presentation
英文版市场营销学期末试卷11
SECTION 1: True and False <TOTAL20 marks>For each of the following, place a “T〞if the statement is “true〞, “F〞if the statement is false. (20 marks, 2 marks/ Question)___T__ 1. Competitive advantage is a unique strength relative to competitors, often based on quality, time, cost or, innovation.___F__2. Market share can be defined in both currency as well as in units sold. Because both ratios calculate market share, market share will be the same for a firm regardless which measurement is used.___F_3. A “high-involvement purchase〞usually involves a considerable amount of time researching the product and the product is a routine purchase.___T_ 4.A company engaged in environmental scanning is continually acquiring information on events occurring outside the organization to identify and interpret potential trends .__F__5.At the information search stage of the purchase decision process, a consumer compares the product with his or her expectations and is either satisfied or dissatisfied.____F__6. A cohesive marketing mix consists of the product, promotion, price, and personnel.____F__7.Publicity is any paid form of nonpersonal communication about an organization, good, service or idea by an identified sponsor.____T__8. Direct mail and catalog retailing are examples ofnonstore retailing.___F___9. Market segment would have a collection of prospective buyers that are ready to buy。
Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services
580 articles found for: pub-date > 2008 and tak(((Collaborative Environment) or (Research Center) or communications or telecommunications or network or equipment) and (information or technology or research or government or agencies) and ("e-Science" or Collaborative or research or development or application) and (service or platform or provide or comprehensive or integrated or efficient) and (use or environmental or tools or actively or promote or appropriate or support) and (services or based or (new way) or (use of) or collaborative or development) and (science or technology or activities or R&D or application or "e-Science") and (building or support or units or coordinated or key or technology or partners or contact or prospective))Edit this search | Save this search | Save as search alert | RSS Feedresults 526 - 550Font Size:Journal (580)Journal/Book TitleExpert Systems with Applications (26)Computers & Education (23)Computer Networks (20)Automation in Construction (14)Acta Astronautica (10)Topicsensor network (9)decision support (6)earth observation (6)co2 emission (5)computer science (5)view moreYear2011 (143)2010 (254) 2009 (183)Open all previewsSort by: Relevance - selected | Date526Nurses' perceptions of the barriers to and the facilitators of research utilization inTurkeyOriginal Research ArticleApplied Nursing Research , Volume 22, Issue 3, August 2009, Pages 166-175Ayla Yava, Nuran Tosun, Hatice Çiçek, Tülay Yavan, Gülşen Terakye, Sevgi HatipoğluShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 31.50 527Mammographic surveillance in women younger than 50 years who have a family history of breast cancer:tumour characteristics and projected effect on mortality in the prospective, single-arm, FH01 study Original Research ArticleThe Lancet Oncology , Volume 11, Issue 12, December 2010, Pages 1127-1134FH01 collaborative teamsShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 31.50528The zebrafish embryo model in toxicology andteratology, September 2–3, 2010, Karlsruhe, GermanyReproductive Toxicology , In Press, Uncorrected Proof ,Available online 12 March 2011Wibke Busch, Karen Duis, Martina Fenske, Gerd Maack, Juliette Legler, Stephanie Padilla, Uwe Strähle, Hilda Witters, Stefan ScholzShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50529In situ stress variations at the Variscan deformation front —Results from the deep Aachen geothermalwell Original Research ArticleTectonophysics , Volume 493, Issues 1-2, 8 October 2010, Pages 196-211Ute Trautwein-Bruns, Katja C. Schulze, Stephan Becker, Peter A. Kukla, Janos L. UraiShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 31.50 Research Highlights►In situ stress study in an area of changing stress pattern. ►Borehole failure analysis using high quality image logs from a deep geothermal well. ►Strike -slip regime at the Variscan Thrust Front.530A survey of demographics, motivations, andbackgrounds among applicants to the integrated 0 + 5vascular surgery residency Original Research ArticleJournal of Vascular Surgery , Volume 51, Issue 2, February2010, Pages 496-503Jason T. Lee, Mediget Teshome, Christian de Virgilio, Brandon Ishaque, Mary Qiu, Ronald L. DalmanShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50 531A Conceptual Model of the Experience of Dyspnea and Functional Limitations in Chronic Obstructive PulmonaryDisease Original Research ArticleValue in Health , Volume 12, Issue 6, September 2009, Pages 1018-1025David E. Victorson, Susan Anton, Alan Hamilton, Susan Yount,David CellaShow preview| PDF (128 K) | Related articles | Related reference workarticles532Introducing graph theory to track for neuroplasticalterations in the resting human brain: A transcranialdirect current stimulation study Original Research ArticleNeuroImage , Volume 54, Issue 3, 1 February 2011, Pages2287-2296Rafael Polanía, Walter Paulus, Andrea Antal, Michael A. NitscheShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50 Research Highlights► The use of voxel-based graph theory to track for neuroplastic alterations; ► tracking neuronal signal-to-nois e ratio alterations in the resting brain; ► tDCS induces cortico -cortical functionalreorganization.533Comprehensive genetic analysis of transcriptionfactor pathways using a dual reporter gene system inbudding yeast Original Research ArticleMethods , Volume 48, Issue 3, July 2009, Pages 258-264 Pinay Kainth, Holly Elizabeth Sassi, LourdesPeña-Castillo, Gordon Chua, Timothy R. Hughes, Brenda AndrewsShow preview | Supplementary content | Related articles | Relatedreference work articlesPurchase$ 41.95 534From genes to shape: Understanding the control of morphogenesis at the shoot meristem in higher plantsusing systems biologyComptes Rendus Biologies , Volume 332, Issue 11,November 2009, Pages 974-985Jan Traas, Olivier Hamant Show preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50535Admission control scheme based on priority access for wireless LANs Original Research ArticleComputer Networks , Volume 54, Issue 1, 15 January2010, Pages 3-12Sunmyeng Kim, Young-Jong Cho, Yong K. KimShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50 536A surface display yeast two-hybrid screening system for high-throughput protein interactomemapping Original Research ArticleAnalytical Biochemistry , Volume 390, Issue 1, 1 July 2009,Pages 29-37Jun Chen, Jianhong Zhou, Claire K. Sanders, John P. Nolan, Hong CaiShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50 537Burn Hazards of the Deployed Environment inWartime: Epidemiology of Noncombat Burns fromOngoing United States Military Operations OriginalResearch ArticleJournal of the American College of Surgeons , Volume 209,Issue 4, October 2009, Pages 453-460 David S. Kauvar, Charles E. Wade, David G. BaerShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50538Worm control in sheep in the futureOriginal Research ArticleSmall Ruminant Research , Volume 86, Issues 1-3,October 2009, Pages 40-45F. Jackson, D. Bartley, Y. Bartley, F. KenyonShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articles Purchase $ 31.50 539Young people living with parental bereavement:Insights from an ethnographic study of a UKchildhood bereavement serviceOriginal Research ArticleSocial Science & Medicine , Volume 72, Issue 2, January 2011, Pages 283-290Joanne D. Brewer, Andrew C. Sparkes Show preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 35.95Research highlights► Gives voice to bereaved young people who describe the factors that have helped them to live with parental death. ► Describes an ethnographic study exploring the role of one specific UK childhood bereavement organization. ► Provides insights into the expe riences of both recently bereaved children and those bereaved over ten years ago. ► Outlines practice implications for working with bereaved young people.540 Characterisation of clayey raw materials for ceramic manufacture in ancient Sicily Original Research ArticleApplied Clay Science, In Press, Corrected Proof,Available online 17 September 2010Giuseppe Montana, Miguel Ángel Cau Ontiveros, AnnaMaria Polito, Ettore AzzaroShow preview| Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 31.50Research Highlights►The main Sicilian clays used in the past for pottery production were characterised. ►Chemistry, mineralogy and technological properties were investigated. ►Chemical analysis revealed markers for the discrimination of production centres. ►Provenance of loc al/regional ceramic products has been successfully identified.541 Long-term avian research at the San Joaquin Experimental Range: Recommendations for monitoring and managing oak woodlands OriginalResearch ArticleForest Ecology and Management, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 30 August 2010Kathryn L. PurcellShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 31.50Research highlightsThe San Joaquin Experimental Range (SJER) has a long history of avian research dating back to 1935.Early work focused on California quail and formed the basis for quail management in California. Research has led to important recommendations for implementing avian monitoring programs.Long-term data provide unique opportunities to explore biotic responses to changing environments. These datasets have facilitated studies of the impacts of invasive species and climate change.542Integration of experimental facilities: A joint effort for establishing a common knowledge base inexperimental work on hydrogen safety OriginalResearch ArticleInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy , Volume 36,Issue 3, February 2011, Pages 2700-2710 Ernst-Arndt Reinecke, Thomas Huebert, IsabelleTkatschenko, Armin Kessler, Mike Kuznetsov, M. Wilkins, David Hedley, Inaki Azkarate, Christophe Proust, Beatriz Acosta-Iborra, B. Gavrikov, Peter C.J. De Bruijn, Alessia Marangon, Andrzej Teodorczyk, A. GrafwallnerShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50 543The archaeology of climate change in the Caribbean Original Research ArticleJournal of Archaeological Science , Volume 37, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 1226-1232 Jago Cooper, Matthew PerosShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 31.50544Changing primary education programmes’ reflection in teacher training: thinking, interrogant, searcher teacher candidates Original Research ArticleProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , Volume 1, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 2732-2733Hatice Mertoglu, Esra Macaroglu AkgulShow preview |PDF (92 K) | Related articles | Related reference work articles545Lessons from smallpox eradication campaign in Bihar State and in IndiaVaccine , Volume 29, Issue 11, 3 March 2011, Pages2005-2007Mahendra Dutta, R.N. BasuShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articles Purchase $ 31.50 546Performance comparison of some shared memoryorganizations for 2D mesh-like NOCs Original ResearchArticleMicroprocessors and Microsystems , Volume 35, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 274-284Martti Forsell Show preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 35.95547Standardized marketing strategies in retailing? IKEA’s marketing strategies in Sweden, the UK andChina Original Research ArticleJournal of Retailing and Consumer Services , In Press, Corrected Proof , Available online 29 September 2010 Steve Burt, Ulf Johansson, Åsa Thelander Show preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50548Energy and economic assessment of soda andorganosolv biorefinery processes Original Research ArticleBiomass and Bioenergy , Volume 35, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 516-525 Araceli García, María González Alriols, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel LabidiShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 35.95549New discoveries in the Piramide Naranjada inCahuachi (Peru) using satellite, Ground Probing Radarand magnetic investigations Original Research ArticleJournal of Archaeological Science , In Press, Corrected Proof , Available online 4 January 2011Rosa Lasaponara, Nicola Masini, Enzo Rizzo, R. Coluzzi, Giuseppe OreficiShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase$ 31.50 Research highlights► The investigation of earthen archaeology is a challenge. ► We propose an approach for detecting buried earthen remains in Cahuachi Nasca, Peru. ► Geostatistical analyses of satellite data, georadar and geomagnetic have been used. ► Archaeological excavat ion confirm the reliability of the proposed method. ► Archaeological findings were adobe walls and a rich ceremonial offering.550The need for a General Comment for Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: Towardenlightenment and progress for childprotection Original Research ArticleChild Abuse & Neglect , Volume 33, Issue 11, November 2009, Pages 783-790 Susan Bennett, Stuart N. Hart, Kimberly Ann Svevo-CianciShow preview | Related articles | Related reference work articlesPurchase $ 31.50。
2010 美国零售商百强名单
2010 美国零售商百强名单对于美国零售商家来说，2010年是一个跌宕起伏的年份。
因为本年度美国经济的恢复一度起起伏伏且伴随着高失业率。
年初，折扣店和杂货店的营销业绩好于一般商品和服装类的专业连锁店。
对于每日都实行低价销售的沃尔玛来说，经营获利颇丰。
但2009年的情形则大不相同，该年度大多数零售商包括那些大型零售集团都度过了艰难的一年。
非实体店零售商，特别是纯粹的电子商务运营商的经营还算差强人意，但实体店运营商经营获得成功的例子却屈指可数。
Kantar零售是一家提供美国零售百强和其它零售业巨头相关数据和图表的零售研究公司。
该公司的高级副总裁玛丽·布雷特·怀特菲尔德（Mary Brett Whitfield）表示：“消费者们忧心忡忡且在消费时异常谨慎”，且他们的购买行为倾向于“有必要时才购买”而不是“想买什么就买什么”。
Kantar公司的经济学家认为，我们“显然很早就明白了这些经济学家所预测的经济恢复将是一个缓慢的过程”。
怀特菲尔德表示，此次为期两年多的经济衰退是“大多数消费者一生中所经历过的”最严重的经济危机。
经济衰退所带来的后果是“创造出了价值消费者”，他们节俭的消费习惯很可能持续一段时间，这就像历史上的大萧条时期的情形，经济危机曾经深深地影响了一整代消费者的购物方式。
正是在这种经济环境的背景之下STORE媒体推出了2010年度的美国零售百强名单。
本年度的零售百强名单尽可能地将各家零售企业在美国50个州之外的产品销售额计算在外。
即使将各个零售商家的国际业务销售额排除在外，沃尔玛公司还是稳坐本年度美国零售百强的头把交椅。
最重要的变化是在大多数情况下去除了各零售企业年度总销售额中的石油销售额。
如此一来，除Alimentation Couche-Tard 和7-Eleven两家公司之外所有便利店运营商几乎都被排除在了名单之外。
下面的例子展示了燃料销售额是怎样影响企业经营业绩的评估的。
人人都爱Trader Joes
人人都爱Trader Joes2011-07-19 09:56:18 作者：刘铮铮来源：《中欧商业评论》评论：0 点击：23内容导读：人们常说，在美国，除了苹果专卖店之外，另一个需要排队的地方就是Trader Joe's了。
美国是一个大腹便便的国家,拥有全球最多的肥胖人群。
不过，以充裕和实用为主要消费诉求的美国人，并未放弃对健康饮食的追求。
20世纪60年代以来，有机食品零售业的崛起就是一个有力的证明。
这一细分领域不但生长出有机食品业巨头全食公司（Whole Foods），还成就了一家别具一格的公司Trader Joe's。
2010年，该公司营业收入超过80亿美元，与全食公司相当，每平方英尺的营业收入却高达1750美元，为后者的两倍。
截至2011年5月，Trader Joe's在美国的28个州开设了356家分店。
每到一地均引起风潮，社区居民欢迎Trader Joe's进驻，因为它不但带来了新的工作机会，还让社区变得更有品位。
人们常说，在美国，除了苹果专卖店需要排队，另一个需要排队的地方就是Trader Joe's了。
平价的有机食品一句话概括Trader Joe's差异化竞争策略的核心，就是“以合理的价位提供新奇的、别处难以找到的、异常美味的食品”。
一般来说，有机食品的生产条件更加苛刻（如不能添加防腐剂和动物激素、不能采用转基因原料、重视原产地保护、对动物必须施以人道待遇），其售价往往较普通食品昂贵。
全食公司出售的水果或蔬菜价格通常是一般超市的两到三倍。
当然，全食公司让购买食品成为了人们新生活方式的一部分。
Trader Joe's也让购买食品从家常杂务变成了一种文化体验，不过是以更加亲民、更能够为普通人承受的价位来实现的。
与一般食品超市大面积平铺、乱糟糟摆放商品不同，Trader Joe's以存放葡萄酒的方法摆放商品，一架架食品在柔和的灯光下宛若珍宝。
2023年12月四级真题 (3)
2023年12月四级真题第一部分阅读理解（共两篇，每篇5小题，共计10小题，每小题2分，共计20分）Passage 1Questions 1-5Read the following passage and answer the questions below.In recent years, urbanization has become a global trend. More and more people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of better job opportunities and living conditions. While urbanization brings many benefits, it also poses environmental challenges that need to be addressed.One major challenge is air pollution. As cities grow, so dothe number of vehicles and industrial facilities. This leads to an increase in the emission of pollutants such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, which have harmful effects on human health and the environment. Governments and city planners need to take immediate actions to reduce air pollution in urban areas. This can be done by improving public transportation to encourage people to use cars less frequently. Additionally, stricter regulations should be implemented to control emissions from factories and power plants.Another challenge is the strain on natural resources. The rapid expansion of cities leads to a higher demand forresources such as water and energy. Cities need to find sustainable ways to access and manage these resources. For example, implementing rainwater harvesting systems can help reduce water consumption. Moreover, switching to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power can reduce the reliance on non-renewable resources.In conclusion, while urbanization offers economic opportunities and improved living standards, it also brings environmental challenges. Governments and city planners need to prioritize sustainable development strategies to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization.1.What is one major challenge posed by urbanization?2.What are the harmful effects of the emission ofcarbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides?3.What measures can be taken to reduce air pollutionin urban areas?4.How does the rapid expansion of cities affect thedemand for natural resources?5.What strategies can governments and city plannersprioritize to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization?Passage 2Questions 6-10Read the following passage and answer the questions below.In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has soared. With the convenience and variety it offers, online shopping has become the preferred method for many consumers. However, it also has its downsides.One major downside is the impact on traditional brick-and-mortar stores. As more people turn to online shopping, physical retail stores face declining sales and foot traffic. This has led to the closure of many stores and the loss of jobs. To adapt to this changing landscape, traditional retailers need to embrace digital technologies and create omnichannel experiences that integrate both online and offline shopping.Another downside is the issue of product returns. Online shoppers often face challenges when it comes to returning items they are not satisfied with. The process can be time-consuming and costly, leading to frustration for consumers. Online retailers need to improve their return policies and make the process more user-friendly to enhance customer satisfaction.Furthermore, online shopping raises concerns about privacy and data security. Consumers are required to provide personal and financial information when making purchases online. It is essential for online retailers to invest in robust security measures to protect customer data from unauthorized access and potential cyber threats.In conclusion, while online shopping offers convenience and variety, it also has negative implications for traditional retail stores and poses challenges in terms of product returns and data security. It is crucial for retailers to adapt and addressthese issues to ensure a positive online shopping experience for consumers.6.What is one major downside of online shopping?7.How can traditional retail stores adapt to thechanging landscape?8.What challenges do online shoppers face when itcomes to product returns?9.Why is data security important in online shopping?10.What actions should online retailers take to enhancecustomer satisfaction?第二部分写作（共两题，第一题10分，第二题15分，共计25分）题目1：The Benefits of Bilingual EducationBilingual education refers to the education of students in two languages, usually their native language and a target language. Bilingual education has numerous benefits that contribute to the overall development and success of students.Firstly, bilingual education enhances cognitive abilities. Research has shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills, improved memory, and increased attention span. The constant switching between languages stimulates the brain and helps develop higher thinking abilities.Secondly, bilingual education promotes cultural awareness and appreciation. When students learn another language, they also learn about the customs, traditions, and history associated with that language. This fosters cross-cultural understanding and encourages students to embrace diversity.Furthermore, bilingual education improves communication skills. Bilingual students have the advantage of being able to communicate effectively and understand different perspectives. This skill is highly valued in a globalized world where international communication is becoming increasingly important.In addition, bilingual education opens up more career opportunities. Many multinational companies and organizations actively seek bilingual employees who can communicate with clients and partners from different countries. Being bilingual enhances employability and offers a competitive edge in the job market.In conclusion, bilingual education provides cognitive, cultural, and career benefits. It enhances cognitive abilities, promotes cultural awareness, improves communication skills, and opens up more career opportunities. It is clear that bilingual education is a valuable asset for students in today’s globalized society.题目2：The Impact of Social Media on SocietySocial media has become an integral part of modern life, transforming the way people communicate, share information, and interact. While social media offers numerous benefits, it also has a significant impact on society.Firstly, social media has revolutionized communication. It allows people to connect and communicate with others across the globe within seconds. This has led to the formation of online communities, facilitating the exchange of ideas and creating opportunities for collaboration on a global scale.Secondly, social media has transformed the way information is disseminated. Traditional media outlets are no longer the sole source of news and information. Social media platforms enable anyone to share news and opinions, giving voice to a diverse range of perspectives. However, this also raises concerns about the spread of misinformation and the lack of fact-checking.Furthermore, social media has influenced social and political movements. Movements such as the Arab Spring and #MeToo have gained momentum through the power of social media, enabling activists to organize and raise awareness on a large scale. However, social media can also be a platform for cyberbullying and harassment, highlighting the negative aspects of its influence.In addition, social media has impacted mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison to others’ highlight reels can contribute to low self-esteem and a distorted self-image.In conclusion, social media has revolutionized communication, transformed the spread of information, influenced social and political movements, and impacted mental health. It is essential for users to be mindful of their social media consumption and for society as a whole to addressthe challenges associated with its use to ensure a positive and healthy digital environment.第三部分翻译（共10句，每句2分，共计20分）1.关注可持续发展是当今社会的重要课题。
2021年考研英语阅读新题型题目来源及出处
2021年考研英语阅读新题型题目来源及出处A wholesale shift in European groceriesEuropean grocers could satisfy their appetite for growth —if they knew where to look。
FEBRUARY 2003 • Javier Castrillo, Jose Manuel Martinez, and Dieter MessnerRetail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad, often with more. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。
Wholesale food and drink sales in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (together representing about three-quarters of the European market) came to ?166 billion ($167.9 billion) in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector isgrowing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate. All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence。
2025年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试卷及答案指导
2025年研究生考试考研英语(一201)自测试卷及答案指导一、完型填空（10分）Section I: Cloze TestDirections: Read the following text carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D for each blank.Passage:In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, the role of social media has become increasingly significant. Social media platforms are not just tools for personal interaction; they also serve as powerful channels for business promotion and customer engagement. Companies are now leveraging these platforms to reach out to their target audience more effectively than ever before. However, the effectiveness of social media marketing (1)_on how well the company understands its audience and the specific platform being used. For instance, while Facebook may be suitable for reaching older demographics, Instagram is more popular among younger users. Therefore, it is crucial for businesses to tailor their content to fit the preferences and behaviors of the (2)_demographic they wish to target.Moreover, the rise of mobile devices has further transformed the way peopleconsume content online. The majority of social media users now access these platforms via smartphones, which means that companies must ensure that their content is optimized for mobile viewing. In addition, the speed at which information spreads on social media can be both a boon and a bane. On one hand, positive news about a brand can quickly go viral, leading to increased visibility and potentially higher sales. On the other hand, negative publicity can spread just as fast, potentially causing serious damage to a brand’s reputation. As such, it is imperative for companies to have a well-thought-out strategy for managing their online presence and responding to feedback in a timely and professional manner.In conclusion, social media offers unparalleled opportunities for businesses to connect with customers, but it requires careful planning and execution to (3)___the maximum benefits. By staying attuned to trends and continuously adapting their strategies, companies can harness the power of social media to foster growth and build strong relationships with their audiences.1.[A] relies [B] bases [C] stands [D] depends2.[A] particular [B] peculiar [C] special [D] unique3.[A] obtain [B] gain [C] achieve [D] accomplishAnswers:1.D - depends2.A - particular3.C - achieveThis cloze test is designed to assess comprehension and vocabulary skills, as well as the ability to infer the correct usage of words within the context of the passage. Each question is crafted to require understanding of the sentence structure and meaning to select the best option.二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）第一题Passage:In the 1950s, the United States experienced a significant shift in the way people viewed education. This shift was largely due to the Cold War, which created a demand for a highly educated workforce. As a result, the number of students pursuing higher education in the U.S. began to grow rapidly.One of the most important developments during this period was the creation of the Master’s degree program. The Master’s degree was designed to provide students with advanced knowledge and skills in a specific field. This program became increasingly popular as more and more people realized the value of a higher education.The growth of the Master’s degree program had a profound impact on American society. It helped to create a more educated and skilled workforce, which in turn contributed to the nation’s economic growth. It also helped to improve the quality of life for many Americans by providing them with opportunities for career advancement and personal development.Today, the Master’s degree is still an important part of the American educational system. However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed. One of the biggest challenges is the rising cost of education. As the cost of tuition continues to rise, many students are unable to afford the cost of a Master’s degree. This is a problem that needs to be addressed if we are to continue to provide high-quality education to all Americans.1、What was the main reason for the shift in the way people viewed education in the 1950s?A. The demand for a highly educated workforce due to the Cold War.B. The desire to improve the quality of life for all Americans.C. The increasing cost of education.D. The creation of the Master’s degree program.2、What is the purpose of the Master’s degree program?A. To provide students with basic knowledge and skills in a specific field.B. To provide students with advanced knowledge and skills in a specific field.C. To provide students with job training.D. To provide students with a general education.3、How did the growth of the Master’s degree program impact American society?A. It helped to create a more educated and skilled workforce.B. It helped to improve the quality of life for many Americans.C. It caused the economy to decline.D. It increased the cost of education.4、What is one of the biggest challenges facing the Master’s deg ree program today?A. The demand for a highly educated workforce.B. The rising cost of education.C. The desire to improve the quality of life for all Americans.D. The creation of new educational programs.5、What is the author’s main point in the last pa ragraph?A. The Master’s degree program is still an important part of the American educational system.B. The cost of education needs to be addressed.C. The Master’s degree program is no longer relevant.D. The author is unsure about the future of the Master’s degree program.第二题Reading Comprehension (Traditional)Passage:The digital revolution has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. With the advent of the internet and the proliferation of smart devices, information is more accessible than ever before. This transformation has had a profound impact on education, with online learning platforms providing unprecedented access to knowledge. However, this shift towards digital learningalso poses challenges, particularly in terms of ensuring equitable access and maintaining educational quality.While the benefits of digital learning are numerous, including flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to reach a wider audience, there are concerns about the potential for increased social isolation and the difficulty in replicating the dynamic, interactive environment of a traditional classroom. Moreover, not all students have equal access to the technology required for online learning, which can exacerbate existing inequalities. It’s crucial that as we embrace the opportunities presented by digital technologies, we also address these challenges to ensure that no student is left behind.Educators must adapt their teaching methods to take advantage of new tools while also being mindful of the need to foster a sense of community and support among students. By integrating both digital and traditional approaches, it’s possible to create a learning environment that leverages the strengths of each, ultimately enhancing the educational experience for all students.Questions:1、What is one of the main impacts of the digital revolution mentioned in the passage?•A) The reduction of social interactions•B) The increase in physical book sales•C) The transformation of communication methods•D) The decline of online learning platformsAnswer: C) The transformation of communication methods2、According to the passage, what is a challenge associated with digital learning?•A) The inability to provide any form of interaction•B) The potential to widen the gap between different socioeconomic groups •C) The lack of available content for online courses•D) The complete replacement of traditional classroomsAnswer: B) The potential to widen the gap between different socioeconomic groups3、Which of the following is NOT listed as a benefit of digital learning in the passage?•A) Cost-effectiveness•B) Flexibility•C) Increased social isolation•D) Wider reachAnswer: C) Increased social isolation4、The passage suggests that educators should do which of the following in response to the digital revolution?•A) Abandon all traditional teaching methods•B) Focus solely on improving students’ technical skills•C) Integrate digital and traditional teaching methods•D) Avoid using any digital tools in the classroomAnswer: C) Integrate digital and traditional teaching methods5、What is the author’s stance on the role of digital technologies ineducation?•A) They are unnecessary and should be avoided•B) They offer opportunities that should be embraced, but with caution •C) They are the only solution to current educational challenges•D) They have no real impact on the quality of educationAnswer: B) They offer opportunities that should be embraced, but with cautionThis reading comprehension exercise is designed to test your understanding of the text and your ability to identify key points and arguments within the passage.第三题Reading PassageWhen the French sociologist and philosopher Henri Lefebvre died in 1991, he left behind a body of work that has had a profound influence on the fields of sociology, philosophy, and cultural studies. Lefebvre’s theories focused on the relationship between space and society, particularly how space is produced, represented, and experienced. His work has been widely discussed and debated, with scholars and critics alike finding value in his insights.Lefebvre’s most famous work, “The Production of Space,” published in 1974, laid the foundation for his theoretical framework. In this book, he argues that space is not simply a container for human activities but rather an active agent in shaping social relationships and structures. Lefebvre introduces the concept of “three spaces” to describe the production of space: the perceived space,the lived space, and the representative space.1、According to Lefebvre, what is the primary focus of his theories?A. The development of urban planningB. The relationship between space and societyC. The history of architectural designD. The evolution of cultural practices2、What is the main argument presented in “The Production of Space”?A. Space is a passive entity that reflects social structures.B. Space is a fundamental building block of society.C. Space is an object that can be easily manipulated by humans.D. Space is irrelevant to the functioning of society.3、Lefebvre identifies three distinct spaces. Which of the following is NOT one of these spaces?A. Perceived spaceB. Lived spaceC. Representative spaceD. Economic space4、How does Lefebvre define the concept of “three spaces”?A. They are different types of architectural designs.B. They represent different stages of the production of space.C. They are different ways of perceiving and experiencing space.D. They are different social classes that occupy space.5、What is the significance of Lefebvre’s work in the fields of sociology and philosophy?A. It provides a new perspective on the role of space in social relationships.B. It offers a comprehensive guide to urban planning and development.C. It promotes the idea that space is an unimportant aspect of society.D. It focuses solely on the history of architectural movements.Answers:1、B2、B3、D4、C5、A第四题Reading Comprehension (Traditional)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the options provided.Passage:In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of “smart cities,” which are urban areas that u se different types of electronic data collection sensors to supply information which is used to manage assets and resources efficiently. This includes data collected from citizens, devices, andassets that is processed and analyzed to monitor and manage traffic and transportation systems, power plants, water supply networks, waste management, law enforcement, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services. The goal of building a smart city is to improve quality of life by using technology to enhance the performance and interactivity of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to increase contact between citizens and government. Smart city applications are developed to address urban challenges such as environmental sustainability, mobility, and economic development.Critics argue, however, that while the idea of a smart city is appealing, it raises significant concerns about privacy and security. As more and more aspects of daily life become digitized, the amount of personal data being collected also increases, leading to potential misuse or unauthorized access. Moreover, the reliance on technology for critical infrastructure can create vulnerabilities if not properly secured against cyber-attacks. There is also a risk of widening the digital divide, as those without access to the necessary technologies may be left behind, further exacerbating social inequalities.Despite these concerns, many governments around the world are moving forward with plans to develop smart cities, seeing them as a key component of their future strategies. They believe that the benefits of improved efficiency and service delivery will outweigh the potential risks, provided that adequate safeguards are put in place to protect citizen s’ data and ensure the resilience of thecity’s technological framework.Questions:1、What is the primary purpose of developing a smart city?•A) To collect as much data as possible•B) To improve the quality of life through efficient use of technology •C) To replace all traditional forms of communication•D) To eliminate the need for human interaction in urban services2、According to the passage, what is one of the main concerns raised by critics regarding smart cities?•A) The lack of available technology•B) The high cost of implementing smart city solutions•C) Privacy and security issues related to data collection•D) The inability to provide essential services3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an area where smart city technology could be applied?•A) Traffic and transportation systems•B) Waste management•C) Educational institutions•D) Agricultural production4、How do some governments view the development of smart cities despite the criticisms?•A) As a risky endeavor that should be avoided•B) As a temporary trend that will soon pass•C) As a strategic move with long-term benefits•D) As an unnecessary investment in technology5、What does the term “digital divide” refer to in the context of smart cities?•A) The gap between the amount of data collected and the amount of data analyzed•B) The difference in technological advancement between urban and rural areas•C) The disparity in access to technology and its impact on social inequality•D) The separation of digital and non-digital methods of service delivery Answers:1、B) To improve the quality of life through efficient use of technology2、C) Privacy and security issues related to data collection3、D) Agricultural production4、C) As a strategic move with long-term benefits5、C) The disparity in access to technology and its impact on social inequality三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Reading Comprehension (New Type)Passage:The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way people shop and has had aprofound impact on traditional brick-and-mortar retailers. Online shopping offers convenience, a wide range of products, and competitive prices. However, it has also raised concerns about the future of physical stores. This passage examines the challenges and opportunities facing traditional retailers in the age of e-commerce.In recent years, the popularity of e-commerce has soared, thanks to advancements in technology and changing consumer behavior. According to a report by Statista, global e-commerce sales reached nearly$4.2 trillion in 2020. This upward trend is expected to continue, with projections showing that online sales will account for 25% of total retail sales by 2025. As a result, traditional retailers are facing fierce competition and must adapt to the digital landscape.One of the main challenges for brick-and-mortar retailers is the shift in consumer preferences. Many shoppers now prefer the convenience of online shopping, which allows them to compare prices, read reviews, and purchase products from the comfort of their homes. This has led to a decrease in foot traffic in physical stores, causing many retailers to struggle to attract customers. Additionally, the ability to offer a wide range of products at competitive prices has become a hallmark of e-commerce, making it difficult for traditional retailers to compete.Despite these challenges, there are opportunities for traditional retailers to thrive in the age of e-commerce. One approach is to leverage the unique strengths of physical stores, such as the ability to provide an immersiveshopping experience and personalized customer service. Retailers can also use technology to enhance the in-store experience, such as implementing augmented reality (AR) to allow customers to visualize products in their own homes before purchasing.Another strategy is to embrace the digital world and create a seamless shopping experience that integrates online and offline channels. For example, retailers can offer online returns to brick-and-mortar stores, allowing customers to shop online and return items in person. This not only provides convenience but also encourages customers to make additional purchases while they are in the store.Furthermore, traditional retailers can leverage their established brand loyalty and customer base to create a competitive advantage. By focusing on niche markets and offering unique products or services, retailers can differentiate themselves from e-commerce giants. Additionally, retailers can invest in marketing and promotions to drive traffic to their physical stores, even as more consumers turn to online shopping.In conclusion, the rise of e-commerce has presented traditional retailers with significant challenges. However, by embracing the digital landscape, leveraging their unique strengths, and focusing on customer satisfaction, traditional retailers can adapt and thrive in the age of e-commerce.Questions:1.What is the main concern raised about traditional retailers in the age of e-commerce?2.According to the passage, what is one of the main reasons for the decline in foot traffic in physical stores?3.How can traditional retailers leverage technology to enhance the in-store experience?4.What strategy is mentioned in the passage that involves integrating online and offline channels?5.How can traditional retailers create a competitive advantage in the age of e-commerce?Answers:1.The main concern is the fierce competition from e-commerce and the shift in consumer preferences towards online shopping.2.The main reason is the convenience and competitive prices offered by e-commerce, which make it difficult for traditional retailers to compete.3.Traditional retailers can leverage technology by implementing augmented reality (AR) and offering online returns to brick-and-mortar stores.4.The strategy mentioned is to create a seamless shopping experience that integrates online and offline channels, such as offering online returns to brick-and-mortar stores.5.Traditional retailers can create a competitive advantage by focusing on niche markets, offering unique products or services, and investing in marketing and promotions to drive traffic to their physical stores.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）First QuestionTranslate the following sentence into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Original Sentence:“Although technology has brought about nume rous conveniences in our daily lives, it is also true that it has led to significant privacy concerns, especially with the rapid development of digital communication tools.”Answer:尽管技术在我们的日常生活中带来了诸多便利，但也不可否认它导致了重大的隐私问题，尤其是在数字通信工具快速发展的情况下。
高二英语经济规律单选题50题
高二英语经济规律单选题50题1. In a small town, there are only a few large companies that control most of the market. This is an example of _.A. perfect competitionB. monopolistic competitionC. oligopolyD. monopoly答案：C。
解析：本题考查市场结构相关知识。
寡头垄断（oligopoly）是指少数几家厂商控制整个市场的产品的生产和销售的这样一种市场组织。
在这个小镇上只有少数几家大公司控制大部分市场，符合寡头垄断的特点。
选项A完全竞争（perfect competition）是指有许多企业生产和销售同质产品，市场参与者都是价格接受者的市场结构，与题意不符。
选项B垄断竞争 monopolistic competition）是许多厂商生产和销售有差别的同种产品的市场组织，这里强调的是少数大公司控制市场，不是垄断竞争。
选项D垄断（monopoly）是指一个企业完全控制一个行业的全部供给的市场结构，这里是少数几家公司而非一家公司控制市场，所以也不正确。
2. When the demand for a product is greater than the supply, what usually happens to the price?A. It stays the sameB. It decreasesC. It fluctuates randomlyD. It increases答案：D。
解析：根据供求关系原理，当需求（demand）大于供给 supply）时，通常会出现供不应求的情况，在这种情况下价格会上升（increase）。
选项A价格保持不变不符合供求关系对价格的影响规律。
选项B价格下降是在供大于求的情况下才会发生的。
美国十大零售巨头
美国十大零售巨头来源：尹洁的日志10 Retail Power PlayersNRF ranked retailers based on their U.S. sales in 2009. To arrive at U.S. sales figures, the research firm utilized a variety of estimation techniques based on publicly disclosed information. For this reason, the figures do not always match the companies' official public filing reports. Revenue from non-retailing operating segments is also removed unless otherwise noted, and system-wide sales are provided when the operation is a franchise.This year's study also eliminated gasoline sales from total retail sales in most instances. This knocked virtually all convenience store operators off the chart. While fuel-sales volume didn't vary much year-to-year, prices were volatile.Overall discounters and grocers reigned supreme over general merchandise and apparel specialty chains. In fact, none of the apparel retailers even placed within the top 20, with TJX (TJX - News) faring best of the bunch at No. 23.Here are the retailers that ranked in the top 10 according to NRF's measurement…10. Best Buy(百思买);Best Buy (BBY - News), coming in at No. 10, is one of only two traditional electronic retailers to appear on NRF's top 100 chart. In 2009, the company generated $37.3 billion in sales at its 1,192 U.S. stores.High-definition televisions, netbook computers and smartphones were big drivers of sales, helping to push Best Buy's sales up 1.7%. This offset a 3% decline from entertainment software like video games, CDs and DVDs. Best Buy is looking to ramp up this business with the recent launch of a video download service to compete with similar programs from Amazon (AMZN - News), Blockbuster (BBI - News), Apple (AAPL - News) and Netflix (NFLX - News).Domestically, 39% of Best Buy's sales came from consumer electronics, with home office products accounting for another 34%.Even as other retailers looked to cut costs, Best Buy still opened 100 new stores during the year. The electronic retailer is currently focused on expanding its Best Buy Mobile business, with plans to operate up to1,000 of these stores.9. Sears(西尔斯);Sears (SHLD - News) retains its No. 9 ranking, even as its sales continue to remain sluggish. In 2009, Sears sales dropped nearly 6% to $44 billion, as the company shuttered some underperforming stores.This trend has continued into 2010, as one of the few retailers that still saw a decline in profit in its first quarter. Sears reported a 39% drop for the period, earning $16 million, or 14 cents a share, on revenue of $10.05 billion. Sears said its profit margin was squeezed due to deep discounts on major appliances.Still, some of Sears' new initiatives should give investors some encouragement. The department store recently launched a marketplace on its Web site, an appliance layaway program, and streaming movie and TV downloads partnership.8. Lowe's(劳氏);The housing slump pushed Lowe's (LOW - News) 2009 sales down 2.1% to $47.2 billion, but improving trends in bellwether markets like Florida and California are promising.Already in the first three months of 2010, Lowe's posted a 2.4% increase in same-store sales, its first positive quarterly comparable sales figure in nearly four years. While some of this gain can be attributed to government stimulus programs, the home improvement retailer did raise its sales and earnings forecast for 2010.Still, analysts are cautious on the sector, as several cut their estimates for both Lowe's and rival Home Depot (HD - News). "Management commentary on recent webcasts reflected a slight downshift in tone, in our view, and this is what recent investor sentiment has been concerned about," FBR analyst Stephen Chick wrote in a note last week.7. CVS Caremark(美国CVS药店连锁);CVS Caremark (CVS - News) ranks at No. 7, with $55.4 billion in sales in 2009, a 13% increase from the year prior. NRF's total does not include non-retail sales. CVS' purchase of Long's Drug Stores back in 2008, is one of the primary factors of the double-digit sales growth.CVS made headlines along with rival Walgreen due to a dispute over its pharmacy benefits management business. The disagreement ended in a resolution where Walgreen will continue to participate in CVS' PBM for existing, new and renewed plans.In June, CVS approved a new plan to repurchase up to $2 billion in shares before the end of 2011. It recently completed a $2 billion share buyback in November.6. Costco (好市多);Costco Wholesale (COST - News) fell three places to No. 6, generating $56.5 billion in sales at its 406 stores in the United States and Puerto Rico.The biggest reason for Costco's drop on NRF's chart is due to the exclusion of fuel, as it derives a significant portion of its overall revenue from the gas pump.Regardless, Costco credits its food products with boosting its volume even as consumers tightened their purse strings. The wholesaler has said that last year's trends have continued into the first half of the year, as traffic within its stores pichas picked up, but spending remains below normal. The bulk of purchases continue to come from food and other necessities, rather than non-essentials.5. Home Depot (家得宝);As with Lowe's, the success of Home Depot (HD - News) is closely tied to the performance of the housing market.While there is skepticism in the market after last week's disappointing new homes data, Janney Capital Markets analyst David Strasser said he is confident in the company's turnaround. He cited Home Depot's increased visibility in its supply chain, which could mean robust margin opportunities, as well as its investment in information technology."The ability to accurately forecast inventory, manage pricing and control labor hours, all result in better sales and margins," Strasser wrote in a note.Home Depot also plans to continue to increase its dividend payout and buy back shares.4. Walgreen (沃尔格林);Walgreen (WAG - News) moved up two places to the No. 4 slot, as it continued to open stores and make acquisitions.In 2009, Walgreen opened its 7,000 location and its first store in Alaska, giving the drugstore a presence in all 50 states. It also purchased 25 Snyder's Drug Stores in Minnesota, a dozen Eaton's Apothecary locations in Boston and 257 Duane Reade units in New York. These acquisitions helped boost Walgreen's sales 7.3%The $618 million acquisition of Duane Reade will help Walgreen in its move to provide a bigger fresh- and prepared-food selection in stores. Prior to the buyout, Duane Reade was well on its way to launching its DR Delish -- a broader selection of food offerings that includes fresh salads and frozen desserts.Walgreen is also making strides in its pharmacy business, going directly to companies and government agencies to provide prescription medications for employees.3. Target (塔吉特);Target (TGT - News) moved up two notches in NRF's ranking to claim the No. 3 spot.The discounter has been making headway with its PFresh grocery segment, which generated 16% of its $63.4 billion in sales in 2009. The company plans to have more than 450 of its stores with the PFresh assortment and presentation by the end of the third quarter.Target has also seen strength in sales of discretionary merchandise like apparel and home goods.2. Kroger (克罗格);Kroger (KR - News) holds on to its No. 2 ranking, and is expected to hold up better against pressure from discounters than other traditional grocers.The grocery sector has been facing increasing competition from discounters like Target and Wal-Mart, which have been steadily growing their food selection. At its shareholder meeting last week, Kroger's CEO Dave Dillon said the company is strengthening its customer loyalty.Looking ahead, Kroger expects full-year earnings in the range of $1.60 to $1.80 per share, and foresees same-store sales growing between 2% and 3%.The board of directors also approved the repurchase of $500 million of common stock, replacing the $225 million remaining under a $1 billion authorization announced in January 2008. It also declared a quarterly dividend of 9.5 cents to be paid on Sept. 1 to shareholders of record on Aug. 6.1. Wal-Mart (沃尔玛);Wal-Mart (WMT - News), unsurprisingly, once again ranks as the No. 1 retailer in terms of sales, according to NRF.While Wal-Mart's biggest growth opportunities have been overseas, the discount giant still says it can generate another $100 billion annually in domestic sales. One way it may do this is through the roll-out of smaller-sized stores. By reducing its footprints, Wal-Mart hopes to win approval from zoning officials in cities like New York, Chicago and Los Angeles.Wal-Mart's grocery business is also dominating, accounting for more than half of its $304.9 billion in sales in 2009.But the retail behemoth isn't without its worries. U.S. comparable sales have declined in the last four consecutive quarters, and management is forecasting another dip for the second quarter. Wal-Mart has seen weakness in its discretionary categories, most prominently in apparel.。
羽绒制品品牌价值评估考核试卷
B.北面
C.彪马
D.盖世威
11.羽绒服品牌在进行市场推广时，以下哪些策略可能有效？（）
A.社交媒体营销
B.线下体验店
C.限时折扣
D.会员积分制度
12.以下哪些品牌的羽绒服在产品多样化方面表现突出？（）
A.安踏
B.李宁
C. ZARA
D.波司登
13.羽绒服品牌价值评估中，以下哪些因素与品牌创新能力相关？（）
2. ×
3. √
4. ×
5. ×
6. ×
7. √
8. ×
9. ×
10. ×
五、主观题（参考）
1.品牌在提升价值时应注重产品质量为基础，同时通过市场营销策略扩大品牌影响力。平衡两者关系，需结合品牌定位，确保产品品质与创新，同时运用多样化的市场手段提升品牌知名度。
2.国际化挑战包括文化差异、法律法规、市场竞争等。应对策略：加强本地化研究，适应市场需求；建立国际团队，提升跨文化沟通能力；与当地企业合作，共同开拓市场。
A. ONLY
B. VERO MODA
C.伊芙丽
D.美特斯邦威
17.羽绒服品牌价值评估中，以下哪些因素与品牌可持续发展能力相关？（）
A.环保意识
B.社会责任
C.企业治理
D.供应链管理
18.以下哪些品牌的羽绒服在快时尚领域具有竞争优势？（）
A. ZARA
B. H&M
C. GAP
D. C&A
19.羽绒服品牌在进行产品定位时，以下哪些策略可以考虑？（）
5.以下哪些品牌的羽绒服在可持续发展方面做出了努力？（）
A.阿迪达斯
B. H&M
C. ONLY
D. ALLbirds
英语阅读辅导：英国连锁超市Tesco协顶新国际进入中国市场
英国连锁超市Tesco正进⼊中国快速增长并极具竞争性的零售市场，以1.4亿英镑(2.6亿美元)价格收购台湾商⼈拥有超级市场50%的股权。
台湾顶新国际集团(Ting Hsin International Group) 是中国⾷品企业之⼀，出让股权后能使Tesco参与有沃尔玛(Wal-Mart)、家乐福(Carrefour)及其他⼀些已在中国获得⽴⾜点的其他亚洲超市集团的国际竞争。
从顶新国际收购50%股权举动，是Tesco从英国向亚洲和东欧新兴市场扩张战略的⼀部分。
Tesco⾸席执⾏官Terry Leahy爵⼠周三称，公司向中国扩张是成为真正意义上的国际零售商战略的重要⼀步。
Tesco is to enter China's fast-growing but increasingly competitive retail market with the £140m ($260m) purchase of a 50 per cent stake in a Taiwanese-owned hypermarket chain. The deal with Ting Hsin, one of the region's largest food groups, will enable the UK group to join international rivals such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour and a number of Asian companies in gaining a foothold in China. The move to buy half of the Hymall chain from Ting Hsin is part of Tesco's expansion away from the UK and into the emerging markets of Asia and eastern Europe. Sir Terry Leahy, chief executive, said on Wednesday that expanding into China was an important strategic step to becoming a "truly international retailer". About £2.8bn of the group's £34bn turnover comes from its 179 stores in Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan and Malaysia but China was becoming "the economic driver" of the region. The price offered by Tesco, which values the 25-superstore group at more than 50 time last year's earnings, underlines the high valuations foreign investors are prepared to pay to buy into China. "It is a market we have researched extensively over the last three years," said Sir Terry. It was key to find the right partner that had already shown it could grow fast in what can be a difficult market," he said. Ting Hsin, which opened its first Hymall store six years ago, "is already profitable and has shown that it can grow from scratch". The two companies will have equal represenation on the board, with Tesco poised to name the venture's president and Ting Hsin to retain the chairman and chief executive post. Hymall's superstores had sales of £330m and an after tax profit of £5.5m in 2003. The group plans to open 10 more outlets this year, which should help to increase sales to an estimated £450m this year, according to Tesco. The stores, which are mainly in the east, north and north-east of China, serve some 2m customers a week. Ting Hsin, which was established in Taiwan in 1958 and in China in 1988, has large businesses making and selling cup noodles, a staple of Asian fast-food and operates a fried chicken restaurant chain on the mainland. Wal-Mart expects to open seven stores in China this year, bringing its total to 41 and Carrefour has plans to add to its existing 43 outlets. Metro, the German retailer, plans to build 40 more stores, taking its total to 58. Tesco's purchase will give it immediate scale to compete with its rivals without having to go through the often difficult and complex government approval process.。
商务英语阅读试题Part 3
Part III Reading comprehensionPassage 1Richard Brasher, commercial director of Tesco‟s non-food operations, is in the frame for the top job at Boots, where chief executive Steve Russell is to step down. Brasher is understood to be on a shortlist that includes Stuart Rose, the former boss of retailing group Arcadia, the Terry Duddy, chief executive of catalogue retailer Argos. Brasher is viewed as a high-flier within Tesco and is highly rated by the group‟s chief executive, Terry Leahy.Boots has been looking for a chief executive and a new chairman since the middle of December, when its current chairman, John McGrath, admitted that the group had not acted fast enough to address strategic issues that were facing it. McGrath is due to step down at the end of his contract in the summer, after overseeing the search for a new chief executive. Boots has been trying to find a way to distinguish itself and its products from the increasing range carried by supermarkets.Last week Sainsbury, the food retailer, said it would be extending its own health and beauty offering after it axed a joint venture trial with Boots. Sainsbury and Boots have been working together since 2001, but Sainsbury now wants to roll out its own programme in about 50 stores. Under the original trial, Boots supplied the products, including exclusive lines, to a specific area within Sainsbury stores at nine out-of-town supermarkets. Although both sides agreed initial targets had been met, they could not agree terms to take the scheme forward. Observers suggested that the two had disagreed over sharing revenues.Boots has confirmed the departure of another senior member of management. Michael Bunting, head of treasury, will leave the company in April. Other senior staff who have left recently include Barry Clare, marketing director, and Ken Piggott, who was managing director of Boots‟ core business.Questions 31-35 are based on passage 131. Boots, according to the passage, is _______.A. a personB. a supermarketC. a hotelD. a factory32. Richard Brasher is to ________.A. become chief executiveB. be on a shortlistC. be a high-flierD. work within Tesco33. Brasher is _______.A. scolded badly by Terry LeahyB. highly assessed by Tesco‟s chief executiveC. valued greatly by TescoD. understood by Tesco34. Sainsbury is a ________.A. person who worked with BootsB. business that wants to work with BootsC. supermarket that has developed its own program all the timeD. supermarket that stopped cooperation with Boots35. It seems that ________.A. a lot of people left BootsB. Boots is thriving quicklyC. Boots has decided to reformD. Some senior staff have left or will leave BootsPassage 2Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem , on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange. There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.Questions 36-40 are based on passage 236. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must .A. rely on their own financial resourcesB. persuade the banks to provide long-term financeC. depend on the population as a whole for financeD. borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know37. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is .A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possibleB. raised by the selling of shares in the companiesC. exchanged for part ownership in the Stock ExchangeD. invested in different companies on the Stock Exchange38. When the savers want their money back they .A. ask another company to obtain their money for themB. look for other people to borrow money fromC. put their shares in the company back on the marketD. transfer their money to a more successful company39. All the essential services on which we depend are .A. run by the Government or our local authoritiesB. financed wholly by the rates and taxesC. in constant need of financial supportD. unable to provide for the needs of the population40. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries .A. to borrow as much as they wishB. to make certain everybody saves moneyC. to raise money to finance new developmentsD. to make certain everybody lends money to themPassage 3They are among the 250,000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Netherlands, a group that accounts for 40 percent of the nation‟s unemployed. A storm of anger boils up at the government sponsored youth center, even among those who are continuing their studies.“We study for jobs that don‟t exist,” Nicollete Steggerda, 23, said.After three decades of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the European community has exceeded 11 percent, affecting a total of 12.3 million people, and the number is climbing.The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the continent. The title of a rock song “No Future” can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France.Recent surveys have found that the increasing argument in the last few years over the deployment in Europe of North Atlantic Treaty Organization missiles and the possibility of nuclear war has clouded European youths‟ confidence in the fu ture.One form of protest tends to put the responsibility for a country‟s economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations, people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity.Young Europeans, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability, seem to resemble Americans more than they do their own parents. Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation, event the right to a standard of living that they see around them.“And so we pass the days at the discos, or meet people at the cafe, and sit and stare.” said Isabella Gaulat. “There is usually not much conversation. You look for happiness. Sometimes you even find it.”Questions 41-45 are based on passage 341. What Nicollete Stegerda said in paragraph 2 means that _______.A. school education is not sufficientB. what the students learn more than necessaryC. the students cannot get work after graduationD. the students‟ aim in study is not clear42. Which of the following is definitely true, according to the passage?A. The young people are studying too hard.B. The courses in the youth center are too difficult.C. The government financed the establishment of job-oriented schoolD. The tests given to the youngsters are too difficult43. Which of the following statements is not true?A. The rock song “No Future” expresses the European youths‟ disappointmentB. European youths did not expect such a widespread unemploymentC. European youths worry that a new world war might break out in the future.D. Almost half of the guest workers in Western Europe are unemployed now.44. British youths ______.A. are trying to find work on the continentB. are sympathetic with the unemployed on the continentC. show their concern for unemployment in France and BelgiumD. have been the first to show their disappointment over joblessness45. It seems that young Europeans ________.A. look upon life as their elders doB. are more like American that their elders in their way of thinkingC. look more like Americans than their eldersD. expect more from Americans than from their eldersPassage 4There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who want to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agence over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person‟s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.Questions 46-50 are based on passage 446. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline contrasting types of economic system.B. To explain the science of economics.C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.47. In the second paragraph, the word …real‟ in …real goods‟ could best be replaced by which of the following?A. high qualityB. concreteC. utterD. authentic48. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to_________.A. rapid speed of transactionsB. misunderstandingsC. inflationD. difficulties for the traders49. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?A. Individual householdsB. Small businessesC. Major corporationsD. The government50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person‟s place in a traditional society?A. Family backgroundB. AgeC. Religious beliefsD. Custom。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
45
46
Kesko
Dagrofa
6,407
5,499
7
Edeka Group
45,642
17
Migros Group
20,267
27
12,127
37
Dia
7,877
47
Palmer & Harvey 4,625 McLane Booker Axfood Dunnes Stores 4,388 4,326 3,921
Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn
1 2 3 4
Carrefour Group 87,541 Metro Group Schwarz Group Tesco plc 63,675 62,864 61,873
NorgesGruppen 13,244
5
6
Rewe Group
Auchan Group
48,222
45,827
15
16
21,013
20,303
25
26
Coop Italia
Marks & Spencer Ahold
13,104
12,381
35
36
Magnit (Tander)
Eroski
8,213
Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn
1 2 3 4
Carrefour Group 87,541 Schwarz Group Tesco plc Auchan Group 62,864 59,952 44,511
21 22 23 24
Ahold Real (Metro Group) Conad Louis Delhaize Group
11,518 11,228 10,056 9,892
31 32 33 34
Reitangruppen Musgrave Group NorgesGruppen Eroski Dansk Supermarked Marks & Spencer Esselunga
39,147
17
Migros Group
14,855
27
8,446
37
6,630
47
Coop Sverige
3,487
8 9 10
Leclerc Intermarché Sainsbury's
35,481 28,726 25,625
18 19 20
ICA X5 Retail Group Coop Italia
11,527 10,376 10,186
38 39 40
Reitangruppen Globus Holding Colruyt
7,820 7,600 7,525
48 49 50
Europe = Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. 1) Sales from all formats and operations in the above markets, including sales through wholesale outlets to franchised retailers and the retail sales of the fascias they support. Excludes H&B operators.
Europe = Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. 1) Sales from grocery formats only. Excludes cash & carry, wholesaling, foodservice, health and beauty formats and non-food activities
39,569 35,481 28,726
18 19 20
Système U Migros Group ICA
16,026 14,855 14,119
28 29 30
8,192 8,101 7,894
38 39 40
Kesko Delhaize Group Colruyt
6,407 6,274 6,233
Coop Danmark Waitrose Dagrofa Globus Holding
6,126 5,830 5,300 5,277
5
6
Edeka Group
Aldi
42,042
40,626
15
16
Morrisons
Coop Schweiz
20,087
16,485
25
26
9,993
9,808
35
36
7,692 7,470 7,409 6,794
41 42 43 44
Waitrose Kesko Globus Holding El Corte Inglés
5,830 5,667 5,277 4,690
5
6
Aldi
Edeka Group
40,626
40,142
15
16
Mercadona
Système U
Top 50 European Grocery1) Retailers (ex. wholesaling)
Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 € mn Retailer 2011 €36 8,505
41 42 43 44
Dansk Supermarked Esselunga Delhaize Group Coop Danmark
7,339 6,630 6,561 6,475
The Co14,262 operative Group X5 Retail Group 13,989
Carrefour Group Schwarz Group Tesco plc Auchan Group
76,571 62,864 59,952 44,511
11 12 13 14
Asda SPAR International Casino Group Morrisons
24,077 21,013 20,993 20,087
13,989 13,104 11,518 10,186
31 32 33 34
Dia Reitangruppen NorgesGruppen Eroski Dansk Supermarked Marks & Spencer Esselunga
7,877 7,692 7,409 6,849
41 42 43 44
6,790
6,676
45
46
El Corte Inglés
Palmer & Harvey McLane C1000
4,690
4,625
7
Rewe Group
39,851
17
Mercadona
16,448
27
8,446
37
6,630
47
3,710
8 9 10
Metro Group Leclerc Intermarché
48 49 50
Booker BIM Coop Sverige
3,662 3,533 3,487
Europe = Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. 1) Sales from all grocery formats incl. cash & carry and wholesaling as well as sales through wholesale outlets to franchised retailers and the retail sales of the fascias they support. Excluding foodservice, health and beauty formats and non-food activities