《推荐》2017最新高考英语(核心语法)之名词与主谓一致2017高考英语二轮复习语法专项之「名词与主谓一致」

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【名师点拨】名词和主谓一致虽说总体不难,但还是存在一些易混淆、易出错的难点,只要找出并把握其内在规律,这些难点也就迎刃而解了。

就名词而言,表示数量的词组五花八门,有的修饰可数名词,有的修饰不可数名词,有的二者都可以修饰,不同的词组在表示多少的程度上也有所差异,鉴于这种情况,分层分类的复习方法就显得尤为重要。

就主谓一致来说,应重视复习那些需要视具体情况确定谓语动词单复数的知识点,结合典型例句,理解主语的单复数含义。

一、高考名词的两大难点
难点1 表示数量的词组
1. 既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词:
Some, any, a lot of, lots of, enough, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of
(1) a lot of为口语,后面可跟可数名词复数形式,也可跟抽象的或表示物质的名词,在否定句中习惯用not many或not much。

lots of与 a lot of 同义。

例句:What will you do if you win a lot of money? 如果你赢了许多钱,你将做些什么呢?
(2)plenty of后面可跟复数形式的名词或不可数名词,其含义是“需要多少有多少”或“比实际需要的还要多”,有时,有些象汉语“还多着呢”。

例句:There's plenty of coffee in the kitchen. 厨房里咖啡还多着呢。

(3)a large quantity of与large quantities of的区别:在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时,前者的谓语动词单复数通常与of后的名词保持一致,若是接不可数名词,则用单数,若是接复数可数名词,则用复数;而后者的谓语动词通常都用复数形式。

例句:A large quantity of beer was sold out. 售出了大量的啤酒。

A large quantity of books were sent to the library. 大量的图书被送往图书馆。

2. 只可修饰可数名词:
A few, few, several, many, many a, a great many, a number of, hundreds/dozens
of
(1)few 和 a few的区别:虽然都是修饰可数名词,但是 few 意为“几乎没有”,表否定;a few 意为“一点,有些”,表肯定。

例句:A few books have been lost from the library. 图书馆丢失了几本书。

Successful women politicians are few and far between. 成功的女政治家凤毛麟角。

(2)many a后面是跟上可数名词的单数形式来表示数量多,其余的是跟上可数名词的复数形式。

例句:I don't think many people would argue with that. 我认为多数人不会对此有异议。

New babies often mean many a sleepless night for parents.
家里添了新生的宝宝,往往意味着父母们要度过许多个无眠之夜。

(3)a number of 与the number of的区别,前者表示许多、大量,后者跟名词复数,表示...的数量。

例句:A number of cables are needed in this project. 这项工程需要大量电缆。

He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes. 他必须限制他抽烟的数目。

(4)hundreds/dozens of表示很多,有数百、数十的意思。

例句:I've had hundreds of calls from other victims. 我已经接到了其他受害人打来的上百个电话。

There are dozens of birds in the sky. 天空中有几十只鸟。

3. 只可修饰不可数名词:
A little, little, much, a large deal, a large amount of, large amounts of
(1)little和a little的区别与few和a few 相同,只不过little 和a little均修饰不可数名词。

例句:I have little compunction in doing it. 做这件事我没有什么不安。

The tension between us has eased off a little. 我们之间的紧张状况已经缓和一些。

(2)a great deal of 后面只能跟抽象名词或物质名词,a great deal也可用作状语。

例句:The race gave every one a great deal of pleasure. 这次比赛给了大家许多乐趣。

The traditional role of women in china has changed a great deal in recent years.
中国妇女在的传统角色在最近几年已经发生了很大的变化。

(3)a large amount of与large amounts of的区别:在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时,前者的谓语动词用单数;而后者的用复数形式。

例句:A large amount of capital is invested in all these branches.
一大笔资金投入了各分公司。

Large amounts of money were spent on the magnificent building. 这幢气派的大楼花了大量的钱。

难点2 易混名词辨析
1. affair, matter, business
(1)affair 含义最广,指“事件、事务”,复数指“公共事务”。

例如:I have been very interested in foreign affairs.
我一直对外交事务很感兴趣。

(2)matter 指需考虑的“事件”,在the matter with…结构中,the matter 指“麻烦、困难”。

例如:We all wonder what the matter with the new machine is.
我们都不知道新机器出了什么故障。

(3)business 指“任务、职务”,有时指所从事的工作或商业活动。

例如:Sorry, the manager is away on business. 对不起,经理出差了。

2. power, strength, force, energy
(1)power力、力气,(动物或人)做事或行动的能力,(复数)体力,能力。

也指人
的“权利、势力、能力”和事物的“动力”。

例如:Barack Hussein Obama came into power in 2009. 巴拉克.
侯赛因.奥巴马于2009年当权。

(2)strength 强壮、力量、如人的力气、智力、精力,也指物质的强度或潜力。

例如:By doing so, you can test the strength of steel.
这样做,你可以测试一下钢的强度。

(3)force着重指力量、暴力、强制力、效力、物质或精神力量等。

复数形式指“兵力、武力”。

例如:He robbed me of the memory by force. 他用暴力把我的钱夺走了。

(4)energy 只要指精力、活力、身体内部的能量、能源之意。

例如:The man is old but he is full of energy. 尽管他老了,但他充满了活力。

3. cause, reason, excuse
(1)cause是造成一种事实或现象的“原因、起因”,后接介词of。

例如:Carelessness is the usual cause of fire. 火灾往往是由粗心引起的。

(2)reason是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”。

例如:
You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his offer.
你必须告诉他你不愿意接受他的提议的原因。

(3)excuse意为“借口、辩解”。

例如:Late again! What’s your excuse of this time? 又迟到了!这次你又是什么借口。

4. custom, habit, tradition
(1)custom指某个国家、集体或社会内长期的、固定的“风俗,习俗”,富含民间色彩。

例如:
It is a custom in China to eat moon cakes at the Mid-autumn Festiva l.
在中国,中秋节吃月饼是一种习俗。

(2)habit指个人由于不断的重复而习以为常的行为,即“习惯”。


如:It is a good habit to wash one’s hands before a meal.
饭前洗手是个好习惯。

(3)tradition意思是“传统”,指世代相传的有约束力的惯例、规范、原则。

例如:
It is a tradition for the young to support the old.
年轻人要赡养老人是一个传统。

5. some time, sometime, sometimes
(1)some time是个名词短语,表示“一段时间”。

例如:自从他去国外以来,我有一段时间没收到他的来信了。

I haven’t heard from him for some
time since he went abroad.
(2)sometime的意思是“某个时候、日后、有朝一日”,可指过去,也可指将来。

例如: I met her sometime last year. 我去年某个时候见过她。

I will call you up sometime tomorrow. 我明天某个时候会给你打电话。

(3)sometimes用来表示“有时候”,但决不可用sometimes表示一段时间。

例如: Sometimes I can receive more than 20 emails a day. 有时我一天能收到20多封电子邮件。

6. alive, live, living, lively
(1)alive“活着的,还出气的”,作表语或后置定语。

例如:When he reached the hospital, his grandpa was still alive. 当他到达医院时,他的爷爷还活着。

(2)live “活的,有生命的”,作前置定语,主要用来指动物,或表现场直播的节目(表转播时用:recorded)。

例如:The cat is playing with a _____mouse. 猫在戏弄那只活老鼠。

(3)living 指人或动物活着、健在。

还指事物现在还被使用。

与the连用表活着的一类。

例如:My grandma is still living at the age of 93. 我的奶奶93岁时仍然健在。

(4)lively指活泼的,生机勃勃的,作形式表语、定语,指人或物。

例如:She had a sweet, lively personality. 她的性格可爱活泼。

二、主谓一致需要视具体情况而定的情形
1. 单复数同形的名词作主语,其谓语动词应根据具体内容决定单复数。

例如:Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。

2. 某些集体名词(如family,team等)作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。

例如:The whole family are watching tv.一家人都在看电视。

His family was very poor when he was a child. 他小时候家里很穷。

3. each做同位语的情况,位置不同,谓语单复数不同,注意体会。

例如:The students each are getting excited. 学生们都越来越兴奋了。

Each of the students is getting excited. 每一个学生都越来越兴奋了。

4. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。

例如:None of us has/have been to America. 我们中没有人去过美国。

None of that money on the desk is mine. 桌子上的钱没有一个是我的。

5. quantity 和amount 做主语时,谓语与该名词的单复数一致。

例如:Large quantities of water are wasted. 大量的水被浪费掉了。

A large quantity of books is sent to the remote area. 大量的书被发送到偏远地区。

6. one or two + 复数名词做主语,谓语用复数;a + 单数名词 or two做主语时,谓语用单数。

例如:One or two soldiers were missing in the battle. 有一两个士兵在战斗中失踪。

A student or two was punished. 有一两个学生被惩罚了。

7. 主语由and连接时,指同一个人或物或同一概念时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式;不同时用复数。


题: A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something abou t volunteer workers.
A. are telling
B. is telling
C. are given
D. were given
【答案与解析】B. 本句主语是同一个人,谓语用第三人称单数形式。

8. 基数词单纯表示数字作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数,但当基数词表示的不是数字而是数量时,谓语动词可用复数。

由此可推断出,分数或百分数作主语时,其谓语动词的形式
取决于分数或百分数所指的具体含义。

例题:The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are;is
B. are;are
C. is;are
D. is;is
9. half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词,作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。

例题:As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ______.
A. need repairing
B. needs to repair
C. needs
repairing D. need to repair
【答案与解析】A 本题考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。

分数、百分数修饰名词, 谓语动词的单复数取决于名词, 此处two-thirds修饰buildings, 故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings , 排除B、C两项, need doing=need to be done意为“需要被做”。

10. 若主语是由“a kind/type of +名词”构成时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;但在“these/those kind/type of+复数名词”之后,谓语动词则常用复数形式。

例如: There is a kind of rough wall surface, which is said to be sound-absorbing.
有一种墙面是麻的,据说可以吸音。

I told him you work with me, that these kind of situations are your specialty.
我告诉他你是我同事,这种情况是你的专长。

注意:a series of 表示“一系列”,后面跟复数名词。

但其动词谓语用单数还是用复数,
取决于本短语表示的是一系列“同一种类”的事物还是“不同种类”的事物。

前者用单数谓
语;后者用复数谓语。


题: A series of pre-recorded tapes ____ prepared for language laborat
ory use.
A. has been
B. have been
C. are
D. must have
11. what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,反
之则用复数。

例如:What they want to get are a number of good books. 他们
想得到的是大量的好书。

What they want to get is the number of good books. 他们想要得到
的是好书的数量。

12. one of+复数名词+ 定语从句的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而
在the only one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。

例如:He is one of the students who get there on time. 他是准时到达
那里的学生之一.
Tom is the only one of the students who was late this morning.
在这些学生中汤姆是今天早上唯一迟到的人。

【小试牛刀】
1.At the end of the historic area, Wilmington displayed its____ as a working
port city: large ware-houses and a few other dated office buildings.
A. achievement
B. reputation
C. character
D. standard
2.In spite of his ________ to be a scholar in that field, he is not well equipped
with that talent.
A. potential
B. competence
C. ambition
D. character
3.He is never satisfied with what he has got. The grass is always greener on the other side of the ____.
A. road
B. fence
C. wall
D. garden
4.The silence in the dark building was scaring. No sound and voice____ heard at that moment.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. are
5.--- How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day?
--- A gift, together with many flowers ______ sent to me by my students.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【答案与解析】
1.C 【解析】试题分析:考查名词辨析。

名词achievement成就,功绩,完成,达到;reputation名声,名誉,名气;character性格,角色,人物,字符;standard标准,规范,规格;句意:在这片老师地域的尽头,威明顿市曾经扮演了一个港口城市的角色,到处都是大的仓库和一些老旧的办公楼。

根据句意可知C正确。

3.B 【解析】试题分析:考查谚语。

英语谚语The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. 这山望着那山高。

句意:他对于自己已经得到从来都不满足。

这山望着那山高。

故B正确。

4.B 【解析】考察时态和主谓一致。

No/every/each 单数and +no/every/each单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

本题又是一般过去时,故B正确。

5.C 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。

本题的主语是a gift,不要管together with many flowers,故谓语动词用单数,根据上下文可知是过去时。

故C正确。

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