JIS B2004-1994 General rules for marking on valves

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JASO D001-94 英文版

General rules of environmental testing methods for automotive electronic equipment1.ScopeThis standard specifies a uniform test method in order to evaluate the performance of automotive electronic equipment (hereinafter referred to as “equipment”) under va rious environmental conditions, which use a power supply of nominal voltage 12V to 24V system.Applicable standards:JIS C 0023-Basic environmental testing procedures pare 2:test-test ka: salt mistJIS C 0044-Basic environmental testing procedures pare 2:test-test ed: free failJIS C 0912 -Shock testing procedure for electric machines and equipmentJIS C 1102-Electric indicating instrumentsJIS D 0203-Method of moisture, rain and spray test for automobile partsJIS D 0207-General rules of dust test for automobile partsJIS D 1601-Vibration testing method for automobile partsJIS K 6301-physical testing methods for vulcanized rubberJIS Z 8703-Standard atmospheric conditions for testingJIS Z 8901-Dusts and aerosols for industrial testing2.DefinitionsDefinitions of major terms used in this standard are as follows:(1)Automotive electronic equipmentThe general term for electronic device and system including electric/electronic sensors , control units (or computers),displays ,audio-visual devices,etc.having structures and shapes that can be installed on the automobile.(2)Normal power supply voltagePower supply voltages within a voltage range in which an equipment should maintain its performance normally.(3)Abnormal power supply voltageAny power supply voltage outside of the normal power supply voltage range, which is impressed temporarily on the equipment, due to the reversed connection of battery, failure of voltage regulator, jumper-start under the cold weather, etc. However, voltages that are induced and impressed by transient voltages and electro-magnetic disturbances are not included.(4)Transient voltageAny transient voltage that generates in the power supply circuit of the equipment when some change occurs I the electric circuit including the equipment and reaches to steady-state condition, or a voltage that generates in the effect of high voltage cable, etc.(5)Electromagnetic disturbanceA disturbance that causes the deterioration of performance, malfunction , destruction, etc. by direct orindirect interference to the equipment due to the conduction, radiation, etc. under strong electromagnetic environmental conditions.3.Classification requirementsThe classification of tests shall be in accordance with Table.14.General requirements4.1 Atmospheric conditions of testing roomIn respect of conditions of the testing room, unless otherwise specified, it shall be at the normal temperature 〔(65±20)%〕specified in JIS Z 8703.4.2 Test apparatusUnless otherwise specified, any apparatus specified as follows.(1)AmmeterThe accuracy shall be in class equal to or higher than 0.5 in accordance with the 4.1(Allowable Accuracy ) of JIS C 1102.(2)VoltmeterThe accuracy shall be in class equal to or higher than 0.5 in accordance with the 4.1(Allowable Accuracy ) of JISC 1102.(3)Power supply devicePower source supply device from which required DC power is stably available (battery and any other similar equipment , the internal impedance of which is so low as same as the battery), the supplied voltage is variable within a range from 8 to 38V, the voltage fluctuation of the power supplied is within a range of ±0.3V during operation of external equipment.(4)Input deviceDevice , its performance is equivalent to the signal generating equipment such as sensors employed on the actual vehicle in connection with the test specimen , but not limited to such sensors.(5)Loading deviceDevice , its performance is equivalent to the passive equipment such as actuators employed on the actual vehicle in connection with the test specimen but not limited to such actuators.where any imitated load may be employed over such specimen , should any effect be directly given to the result of testing .4.3 Test specimenTest specimen shall have been adjusted as required in accordance with the specification in advance before testing as required in accordance with 5.1 of this standard.4.4 Test voltage and maintenanceUnless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out at 14V(12V system)and at 28V(24V system), where the voltage shall be monitored after having been set , by means with the voltmeter specified in the (2) of 4.2 above, which shall also correctly be maintained during testing.5.Test methods5.1 Normal power supply voltage test5.1.1 Purposea test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment within the range of normal power supply voltage.5.1.2 Test apparatusa power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.1.3 OperationAfter connecting the power supply device, input device and loading devices to the test specimen, and voltage within a range from 10V to 16V(12V system) and 20 to 32V(24V system )shall be applied respectively to the test specimen , the specimen shall be tested for its characteristics respectively at the lowest voltage, highest voltage and any voltage between such highest and lowest voltages within the range, the results obtained from which shall be recorded.5.2 Test for power supply voltage upon engine starting5.2.1 Purposea test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment being required to activate at a low supply voltage upon engine starting.5.2.2 Test apparatusThe power supply system to generate the test voltages specified in Table 2, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.2.3 OperationAfter connecting the power supply device, input device and loading devices to the specimen (as shown on Fig.1.2 and Fig.1.2 ), and voltage designated on Table 2 shall be tested at the voltage in Table w, the results obtained from which shall be recorded.5.3 Power source micro interruption test5.3.1 PurposeThe test to evaluate the special behavior of the equipment against any micro interruption of power supply from the source equipment due to any reason attributable to chattering at the contact point(s) on the electric circuit.5.3.2 Test apparatusPower source equipment for micro interruption test, the power output of which shall be interrupted for 1 ms. Input device(s).5.3.3 OperationAfter the power source micro interruption equipment, input device and loading devices having been connected therewith (as shown on Fig.3).The test specimen shall be operated under the test voltage having been applied thereto, after the operation of test specimen is stabilized, output of power source micro interruption equipment shall be micro interrupted and whether any abnormity exist or not of specimen shall be confirmed and recorded.5.4 Power supply inverse polarity connection test5.4.1 Purposea test to evaluate voltage resistance characteristics of the equipment when the battery was connected with areverse polarity.5.4.2 Test apparatusa power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.4.3 OperationAfter the input device and loading devices have been connected with the test specimen , and the power supply device shall reversely be connected with the specimen for 1 minute so as for the voltage thus applied to be kept respectively at 13V for the specimen of 12V system and 26V for it of 24V system, then after the power supply device has been disconnected therewith, the test specimen shall be tested for characteristics in accordance with5.1 of this standard, where the results in respect of this standard, where the results in respect of the specificperformance shall be recorded.5.5 Over voltage test (A method)5.5.1 Purposea test to evaluate the voltage resistance of the equipment when the voltage regulator has failed and an overvoltage is applied to the equipment.5.5.2 Test apparatusa power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.5.3 OperationAfter connecting the power supply device, input device and loading devices to the test specimen, and test specimen shall be so operated respectively at a test voltage of 18V for the 12V system and at 36V for the 24V system that whether any abnormality is available or not be verified. Should any abnormality be detected, the duration of time when the voltage has been kept applied and the conditions thereat shall be recorded. In case where no abnormality is found after applying the test may be stopped.5.6 Over voltage test(B method)5.6.1 Purposea test to evaluate the voltage resistance of the equipment when two batteries of nominal voltage 12V (for 12Vsystem) or three batteries (for 24V system) or three batteries (for 24V system) are connected in series.5.6.2 Test apparatusa power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.6.3 Operationafter connecting the input and loading devices to the test specimen, apply a test voltage 24V(for 12V system) or 36V(for 24V system) for one minute. Removing the power supply device, carry out the test specified in 5.1 of this standard and record the characteristics of the test specimen.5.7 Transient voltage characteristics test5.7.1 Purposea test to evaluate characteristics of the equipment when transient voltage is applied.5.7.2 Test apparatusan apparatus to generate test voltage prescribed in Table 3(refer to Fig .4 through Fig.10), a power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.7.3 OperationConnect the input and loading device(s) to the test speciment so that the equipment may operate during the test; connect the assembly to the test apparatus specified in 5.7.2 and activate the test voltage specified in table 3; examine whether there are any abnormalities or not , and record the characteristics of the equipment.5.8 Electrostatic test5.8.1 Purposea test to evaluate on the bench the influence of electrical discharge of electro-static charged within human body against the function and operation of an equipment.5.8.2 Test apparatusa system as shown on Fig.11, comprising of a high tension DC power source from which the testing voltage specified on Table 6 is to be generated and operation of an equipment.5.8.2 Test apparatusa system as shown on Fig.11, comprising of a high tension DC power source from which the testing voltage specifiec on Table 6 is to be generated and the electro-static discharging probe, and the power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.8.3 Operationat test in Type A, the electro-static discharging probe which has already been charged so as that the test voltage specified in Table 6 is available shall gradually be accessed to the designated portion of the individual test specimen as shown on Fig.12 so that electro-static discharge be created. Test in type B and C, test arrangement shall be so that specimen is connected to power supply device, input device and loading devices shown ad in Dig.13, test procedure is same as in case of type A, it shall be confirmed and recorded whether any abnormity is available or not . Further, should any discharge not be available in air , the discharging probe shall be contacted with the such designated portion.5.9 Conducted electromagnetic test5.9.1 PurposeA test to evaluate the effect of interference to the equipment when it has been exposed to the strong electromagnetic field emitted from the systems utilizing low or high frequency electricity, wireless systems, etc. which are outside the vehicle or are installed on the vehicle itself, caused by the interference of the conducted current or wave which are induced through the input or power line terminals.5.9.2 Test apparatusA power supply device, input device(s), loading device(s) and conduced electro-magnetic test devices as shown in Fig.14 and Fig.15.5.9.3 Operationconnect the power supply device, input and loading devices to the test specimen , and confirm the operation of the equipment; then connect the equipment to the test apparatus specified in 5.9.2 , apply the interfering electromagnetic voltage specified between 0.1 to 10V as agreed between the persons concerned under itsoperating condition, and record the characteristic of the equipment accordingly.5.10 Radiated electromagnetic test5.10.1 PurposeA test to evaluate the effect of interference to the equipment when it has been exposed to the strong electromagnetic field emitted from the strong electromagnetic field emitted from the systems utilizing low or high frequency electricity, wireless systems , etc. which are outside the vehicle or are installed on the vehicle itself, caused by the interference of the radiated electromagnetic wave which exposed directly into the equipment.5.10.2 Test apparatusThe electro-magnetic radiation test system as shown on Fig.17 and Fig.18.A power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.10.3 OperationConnect the power supply device, input and loading devices to the test specimen, input and loading devices to the test specimen, and confirm the operation of the equipment; connect the equipment to the test apparatus specified in 5.10.2, apply the interfering electromagnetic field specified between 5 to 100V/m as agreed between the persons concerned to the equipment under its operating condition, and record the characteristics of the equipment accordingly.5.11 Temperature characteristic test5.11.1 Purposea test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment under various temperature conditions ranging from low to high from low to high temperatures.Test apparatusa power supply device, input device(s), loading device(s) and a constant temperature chamber capable to maintain the temperature within the allowable range shown in Table 8 regarding each setting temperature specified in Table 7 shall be used.Further, the constant temperature chamber shall be so constructed that the test specimen does not receive the heat radiation directly from the heat source. This test, however, shall not be applied to the case of a chamber of 200℃or more.5.11.3 OperationPlace the test specimen in the constant temperature chamber specified in 5.11.2 under room temperature, and connect the power supply device, input and loading devices to the outside of the chamber so that the test specimen may be operated. Make the temperature in the chamber gradually approached to a setting temperature specified in Table 7; and when the temperature ahs reached to the setting temperature, keep the specimen under the temperature during 1±0.5h;afterwardas,operate the specimen and record its characteristic .Then make the temperature gradually approached to other temperature and record in likemanner. The test order of setting temperature is not particularly specified.5.12 Low temperature maintain test512.1 PurposeA test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment after the equipment has been exposed to a low temperature atmosphere.5.12.2 test apparatusA constant temperature chamber capable of maintaining the temperature at ﹣40±2℃.5.12.3 OperationPlace the test specimen in the constant temperature chamber specified in 5.12.2 under room temperature, lower the temperature gradually, when the temperature has reached to ﹣40℃,keep the equipment for ﹣70±2 hours under the temperature.Take the test specimen out of the chamber, remove water drops from it’s surface, if any, then keep it for 2 hours or more under room temperature, test it according to 5.1 of this standard, and record the characteristic of the equipment.5.13 Low temperature operation test5.13.1 PurposeA test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment after operating it in a low temperature atmosphere.5.13.2 Test apparatusA constant temperature chamber capable to maintain at a temperature within﹣30±2℃, a power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.13.3 OperationPlace the test specimen in the constant temperature chamber specified in 5.13.2. under room temperature, and connect the power supply device, input and loading devices to the outside of the chamber so that the test specimen may be operated.Lower the temperature gradually, when the temperature has reached to ﹣30℃, keep the equipment for1±0.5℃hours.Further, operate the test specimen for 70±2 hours under the temperature. Take the specimen out of the chamber, remove water drops from its surface, if any, then keep it for 2 hours or more under room temperature, test it according to 5.1 of this standard, and record the characteristics of the equipment.5.14 High temperature maintain test5.14.1 PurposeA test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment after the equipment has been exposed to a high temperature atmosphere.5.14.2 Test apparatusA constant temperature chamber capable to maintain the temperature within the allowable range shown in Table 8 regarding each setting temperature specified in Table 9.Further, the constant temperature chamber shall be so constructed that the chamber does not receive the heat radiation directly from the heat source of the test specimen, however, shall not be applied to the case of a chamber of 200℃or more.5.14.3 OperationPlace the test specimen in the constant temperature chamber specified in 5.14.2 under room temperature, raise the temperature gradually, when the temperature has reached to the temperature specified in Table 9, keep the test specimen for 94±2 hours under the temperature. Then take the test specimen out of the chamber, keep it for 2 hours or more under room temperature. Keep it for 2 hour or more under room temperature, test it according to 5.1 of his standard, and record the characteristics of the equipment.5.15 high temperature operation test5.15.1 Purposea test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment after operating it in a high temperature ambient atmosphere.5.15.2 Test apparatusa constant temperature chamber capable to maintain the temperature with in the allowable range shown in Table 8 regarding each setting temperature specified in Table 10, a power supply device, input advice(s) and loading advice(s).Further, the constant temperature chamber shall be so constructed that the chamber does not receive the heat radiation directly from the heat source of the test specimen.5.15.3 OperationPlace the test specimen in the constant temperature chamber specified in 5.15.2 under room temperature, andconnect the power supply device, inputs and loading devices to the outside of the chamber so that the test specimen may be operated.Raise the temperature inside the chamber gradually, when it has reached to the temperature specified in Table 10, keep the equipment for 1±0.5 hours under the temperature. Further, operate the test specimen for 118±2 hours under the specified temperature. Take the test specimen out of the chamber, then keep it for 2 hours or more under room temperature, test it according to 5.1 of this standard, and record the characteristics of the equipment.5.16 Heat cycle test5.16.1 Purposea test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment after operating it in an ambient atmosphere of which the temperature changes repeatedly.5.16.2 Test apparatusConstant temperature chamber shall have the function possible to raise and lower the temperature as specified in Fig.19, a power supply device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.16.3 OperationPlace the test specimen in the constant temperature chamber specified in 5.16.2 under room temperature, and connect the power supply device, input and loading devices to the outside of the chamber so that the test specimen may be operated.Lower the temperature inside the chamber gradually, when it has reached to ﹣30℃, keep the equipment for 1±0.5hours.Further, carry out the test pattern specified in Fig.19 and Table 11 by 30 cycles, and operate the test specimen for the specified time. Take the test specimen out of the chamber and keep it for 2 hours or more under room temperature, test it according to 5.1 of this standard, and record the characteristics of the equipment.5.17 Thermal shock test5.17.1 Purposea test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment after applying rapid temperature changes.5.17.2 Test apparatusConstant temperature chambers capable of resuming the setting temperature specified in Table 12 within 5 minutes from placing the test specimen therein, and following two kinds of them sholl be used.(1)Low constant temperature chamber As specified in 5.12.2High constant temperature chamber As specified in 5.14.2.5.17.3 OperationPlace the test specimen in the low constant temperature chamber of preset to –40℃,and keep it for 2±0.5 hours .Then take the test specimen out of the chamber ,place it immediately in the constant temperature chamber adjusted to the high temperature specified in Table 12 keep it in the chamber for the time specified in Table 13. Regarding above operations as one cycle (refer to Fig.20), repeat it 6 times continuously, take the test specimen out of the chamber and keep it for 2 hours or more under room temperature, Then carry out the test according to 5.1 and record the characteristics of the equipment.5.18 Temperature and humidity cycle test5.18.1 Purposea test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment after operating it in an ambient atmosphere of which the high humidity and the temperature changes repeatedly.5.18.2 Test apparatusa constant temperature and humidity chamber which is capable of maintaining the temperatures and humidities specified in Fig.21, and is so constructed that the test specimen does not receive the heat radiation directly from the heat source . A power supply device, input device(s) and loading devices(s).5.18.3 OperationPlace the test specimen in the constant temperature and humidity chamber, and connect the power supply device, input(s) and loading devices(s) at the outside of the chamber in such a manner that the test specimen may be operated. Adjusted the chamber inside temperature to 23±5℃and the humidity to (60±15)%. Keep the test specimen under the conditions for 2.5±0.5 hours . Carry out the test pattern shown in Fig.21 by 10 cycles, and operate the test specimen for the specified time.Subsequent operations shall be as follows:(1)After keeping the test specimen for 1.5±0.5 hours under the condition of temperature 25±5℃and humidity(65±15)%, carry out the test immediately according to 5.1, and record the characteristics of the equipment.Appearance and other conditions of the test equipment at that time shall. Also be confirmed.(2)Further, if necessary, carry out the test according to 5.1 immediately after keeping the test specimen underthe condition of temperature 25±5℃and humidity (65±20)% for 22±2 hours. Record the characteristics of the equipment accordingly. Confirm the appearance, etc. of the equipment at that time.(3)Furthermore, if the characteristics immediately after the temperature and humidity cycle test are particularlyrequired, carry out the test immediately according to 5.1 under the same condition (without removing water drops from the surface), and record the characteristics of the equipment. Thereafter, successively record the characteristics of the equipment, according to above mentioned (1) or (2). Confirm also the appearance, etc. of the equipment at that time.5.19 Constant high humidity test5.19.1 Purposea test to evaluate the characteristics of the equipment after operating it in a high humidity atmosphere.5.19.2 Test apparatusa constant temperature and humidity chamber which is capable of maintaining the temperature at 55±2℃and the humidity at(95±5)%.a power supply device, input device, input device(s) and loading device(s).5.19.3 OperationConnect the power supply device, input and loading devices at the outside of the chamber so that the test pecimen may be operated. Place the test specimen in the constant temperature and humidity chamber, raise gradually the temperature and humidity in the chamber, when the temperature and humidity have reached to 55±2℃and (95±5)% respectively, keep the test specimen under that condition for 1±0.5 the same condition for 95±2 hours , subsequent operations shall be as follows:(1)After keeping the test specimen for 1.5 ±0.5hours under the condition of temperature 25±5℃andhumidity(65±20)%, carry out the test immediately according to 5.1 of this standard, and record the characteristics of the equipment.Appearance and other conditions of the equipment at that time shall also be confirmed.(2)Further , if necessary , carry out the test according to 5.1 immediately after keeping temperature 25±5℃and humidity (65±20)% for 22±2hours.(3)Furthermore , if the characteristics immediately after the constant humidity test are particularly required,carry out the test immediately according to 5.1 under the same condition as before the test specimen being taken out from the chamber (without removing water drops from the surface), and record the characteristics of the equipment. Thereafter , successively record the characteristics of the equipment , according to above mentioned(1) or(2).Confirm also the appearance , etc. of the equipment at that time .5.20 Dew formation test5.20.1 Purposea test to evaluate the performance under the conditions of dew attached on the equipment because ofquickly heating after exposure in an atmosphere at low temperature.5.20.2 Test apparatusFollowing two kinds of constant temperature chamber;(1)Low constand temperature chamberThe inside temperature can be controlled so as to be kept at temperature within a range of –5±2℃.(2)Constant temperature and humidity chamberThe inside temperature can be controlled so as to be kept at temperature within a range of 35±2℃,andthe relative humidity inside which can be controlled so as to be kept at any value within a range of(85±5)%.5.20.3 OperationBefore testing, the constant temperature and humidity chamber shall be set respectively so as to be kept at emperature within a range of 35±2℃and relative humidity within a range of (85±5)%. The test specimen at room temperature shall be put in the low constant temperature chamber, the temperature at which shall then be gradually dropped to –5℃,which shall be moved to the constant temperature and humidity chamber after having been kept for duration of time within a range of 2±0.5 hours at such low temperature after it has been reached thereat. The test specimen this moved shall then be tested as it is without any dew being wiped out, in accordance with 5.1 of this standard, as soon as possible after having been taken out from the constant temperature and humidity chamber, after having been kept for 10 minutes therein, where the performance through this test shall be recorded. In addition ,any conditions including but not limited to the visual appearance shall also be verified.5.21 Water resistance test5.21.1 Purposest to evaluate the water resistance of the equipment5.21.2 Test apparatussting apparatus as specified. In the remark 1 of Table 2 in 3. (test method) of JIS D 0203.5.21.3 OperationAny test specimen shall be tested in accordance with the Table 14below, prescribed by JIS D 0203, after having been installed on the testing equipment so as to be kept nearly equal to what is to be made at the practical installation, which shall be operated as specified hereunder:(1)After keeping the test specimen for 1.5±0.5 hours under the condition of temperature 25±5℃andhumidity (65±20)%,carry out the test immediately according to 5.1, and record the characteristics ofthe equipment. Appearance and other conditions of the equipment at that time shall also beconfirmed.(2)Further, if necessary, carry out the test according to 5.1 of this standard immediately after keeping thetest specimen under the condition of temperature 25±5℃and humidity (65±20)% FOR 22±2hours .Record the characteristics of the equipment accordingly.Confirm the appearance, etc. of the equipment at that time.(3)Furthermore, if the characteristics immediately after the water resistance test are particularly required,carry out the test immediately according to 5.1 under the same condition as before the test specimenbeing taken out form the chamber (with out removing water drips from the surface), and record thecharacteristics of the equipment. Thereafter, successively record the characteristics of the equipment,according to above mentioned (1) or (2). Confirm also the appearance, etc. of the equipment at thattime5.22 Salt water spray test5.22.1 Purposea test to evaluate the resistance of the equipment against salt water.5.22.2 Test apparatus and salt waterThe testing apparatus and salt water shall be as follows:(1)Test apparatus。

CONGENBILL'94 背面条款中文译意

CONGENBILL\'94 背面条款中文译意提单与租约并用范本名称："康金提单"1994年版由波罗的海国际航运公会选定运输条件（1）所有背面所示日期的租约的条款和条件，自由和免责，包括法律适用和仲裁条款并入本提单。

（2）首要条款（a）起运国订立的1924年布鲁塞尔关于统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约所包含的海牙规则知用于本提单。

在起运国没有这种法规时，目的地国的相应法规应当适用，但对于没有此种法规强制适用的运输应当适用前述公约的条款。

（b）海牙-维斯比规则适用的运输对于海牙-维斯比规则，即，1968年2月23日签署的议定书修正的1924年布鲁塞尔国际公约，强制适用的运输，相应法规的条款适用本提单。

（c）承运人对于装船前和卸船后或货物处于另一承运人掌管时发生的损坏或灭失不负责任，承运人对于甲板货或活动物的损失不负责任。

（3）共同海损共同海损应当按照1994年约克安特卫普规则或其后的修正规则在伦敦宣布、理算和解决，除非在租约中约定了另外一地点。

货方的共同海损分摊应当支付给承运人，即使这种损失是船长、引航员或船员的过错、过失或错误造成的。

租船人，托运人和收货人明确否定比利时商事法第二章第148条规定。

（4）新杰逊条款如果在航次开始之前或之后，由于无论是疏忽与否任何原因引起意外事故、危险、损坏或灾难，而根据法令、合同或其他规定，承运人对此类事件或此类事件的后果都不负责，则货物托运人、收货人或货物所有人应在共同海损中与承运人一起分担可能构成或可能发生的具有共同海损性质的牺牲、损失或费用，并应支付有关货物方面所发生的救助费用和特殊费用。

如果救助船舶为承运人所有或由其经营，则其救助费应犹如该救助船系第三者所有一样金额支付。

承运人或其代理人认为足以支付货物方面的预计分摊款额及其救助费用和特殊费用的保证金，如有需要，应由货方、托运人、收货人或货物所有人在提货之前付给承运人。

（5）双方有责碰撞条款如果船舶由于他船疏忽以及本船船长、船员、引航员或承运人的受雇人在驾驶或管理船舶中的行为、疏忽或不履行职责而与他船碰撞，则本船的货物所有人应就他船亦即非本船货物所有人所载货物的船舶或该船舶所有人所受一切损失或所负一切赔偿责任，给予本船承运人赔偿。

SAE J434-2004

SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARD SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report isentirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2004 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)FIGURE 1—CLASSIFICATION OF GRAPHITE SHAPE IN CAST IRONS (FROM ASTM A 247)D400D450FIGURE 2—TYPICAL MATRIX MICROSTRUCTURES (PHOTOS COURTESY OF CLIMAX RESEARCH SERVICES)SAE J434 Revised FEB2004D500D550FIGURE 2—TYPICAL MATRIX MICROSTRUCTURES (CONTINUED)(PHOTOS COURTESY OF CLIMAX RESEARCH SERVICES)--``,,`,```,``,,``,,`,,```,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---D700D800FIGURE 2—TYPICAL MATRIX MICROSTRUCTURES (CONTINUED) (PHOTOS COURTESY OF CLIMAX RESEARCH SERVICES)7.Quality AssuranceIt is the responsibility of the manufacturer to demonstrate process capability. The specimen(s) used to do so shall be of a configuration and from a location agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Sampling plans shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. The manufacturer shall employ adequate controls to ensure that the parts conform to the agreed upon requirements.8.General8.1Castings furnished to this standard shall be representative of good foundry practice and shallconform to dimensions and tolerances specified on the casting drawing.8.2Minor imperfections usually not associated with the structural functioning may occur in castings.These imperfections are often repairable; however, repairs should be made only in areas and by methods approved by the purchaser.8.3Purchaser and manufacturer may agree to additional casting requirements, such as manufactureridentification, other casting information, and special testing. These should appear as additionalproduct requirements on the casting drawing.9.Notes9.1Marginal IndiciaThe change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.PREPARED BY THE SAE AUTOMOTIVE IRON & STEEL CASTINGS COMMITTEE- 11 -。

信息安全指南

Secretariat ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 –DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Burggrafenstr. 6, 10772 Berlin, GermanyTelephone: + 49 30 2601-2652; Facsimile: + 49 30 2601-1723; E-mail: krystyna.passia@din.de;HTTP://www.din.de/ni/sc27ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 N3987ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 /WG 3 N717REPLACES: N3592ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27Information technology - Security techniquesSecretariat: DIN, GermanyDOC TYPE:Final Text for Publication as TR Type 3TITLE:Final text for publication as ISO/IEC TR 15443-1: 2004 -Information technology - Security techniques – A framework forIT security assurance - Part 1: Overview and frameworkSOURCE:Project Editor Aaron CohenDATE:2004-04-05PROJECT: 1.27.21.01STATUS:This document is now ready to be published as ISO/IEC TR 15443-1:2004(E). It contains many of the changes agreed at the last SC27/WG 3 meeting in Paris, France, October 20th – 24th , 2004(in accordance with SC27 N3797).ACTION ID:ITTF DUE DATE:DISTRIBUTION:P, O and L-MembersW. Fumy, SC 27 ChairmanM. De Soete, T. Humphreys, M. Ohlin, WG-ConvenersMEDIUM:Livelink-serverNO. OF PAGES:27ISO/IEC TR 15443-1:2004(E)Contents1Scope (5)1.1Purpose (5)1.2Approach (5)1.3Application (5)1.4Field of Application (5)1.5Limitations (5)2Normative references (5)2.1ISO references (5)2.2Non-ISO references (6)3Terms and definitions (6)4Abbreviated terms (10)5Concepts (12)5.1Why do we need assurance? (12)5.2Assurance is distinguishable from confidence (12)5.3What is a deliverable? (13)5.4Stakeholders (13)5.5Assurance requirements (14)5.6Assurance methods applicability to IT security (14)5.7Assurance schemes (15)5.8Quantifying assurance risk and mechanism strength (15)5.9Assurance reduces security risk (15)5.10Quantifying assurance (15)5.11Assurance authority (15)6Selecting security assurance (16)6.1Assurance requirements specification (17)6.2Economical aspects (17)6.3Organisational aspects (18)6.4Type of assurance (18)6.5Technical aspects (18)6.6Optimisation considerations (19)7Framework (20)7.1Assurance approach (20)7.2Assurance Methods (20)7.3Life cycle aspects (21)7.4Correctness versus effectiveness assurance (22)7.5Categorisation of assurance methods (23)7.6Composite assurance (24)7.7Assurance rating (25)8Bibliography (25)2 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reservedISO/IEC TR 15443-1ForewordThe International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) together form a system for worldwide standardisation as a whole. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the representative organisation to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organisations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.In the field of Information Technology (IT), ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The main task of a technical committee is to prepare International Standards, but in exceptional circumstances, the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types may be proposed:Type 1: when the necessary support within the technical committee cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts;Type 2: when the subject is still under technical development requiring wider exposure;Type 3: when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard.Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful.At the plenary meeting of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 in November 1994, a study group was set up to consider the question of testing and assessment methods which contribute to assurance that IT products and systems conform to security standards from SC 27 and elsewhere (e.g. SC 21 and ETSI; and some Internet standards contain security aspects). In parallel, the Common Criteria project created a working group on assurances approaches in early 1996. This Technical Report resulted from these two activities.ISO/IEC TR 15443, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information Technology, Subcommittee 27, IT Security Techniques.The structure of ISO/IEC TR 15443 is currently as follows:•Part 1: Overview and Framework.•Part 2: Assurance Methods.•Part 3: Analysis of Assurance Methods.© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved3ISO/IEC TR 15443-1:2004(E)IntroductionThe objective of this Technical Report is to present a variety of assurance methods, and to guide the IT Security Professional in the selection of an appropriate assurance method (or combination of methods) to achieve confidence that a given deliverable satisfies its stated IT security assurance requirements. This report examines assurance methods and approaches proposed by various types of organisations whether they are approved or de-facto standards.In pursuit of this objective, this Technical Report comprises the following:a) a framework model to position existing assurance methods and to show their relationships;b) a collection of assurance methods, their description and reference;c) a presentation of common and unique properties specific to assurance methods;d) qualitative, and where possible, quantitative comparison of existing assurance methods;e) identification of assurance schemes currently associated with assurance methods;f) a description of relationships between the different assurance methods; andg) guidance to the application, composition and recognition of assurance methods.This Technical Report is organised in three parts to address the assurance approach, analysis, and relationships as follows:Part 1 Overview and Framework provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and a general description of assurance methods. This material is aimed at understanding Part 2 and Part 3 of this Technical Report. Part 1 targets IT security managers and others responsible for developing a security assurance program, determining the security assurance of their deliverable, entering an assurance assessment audit (e.g. ISO 9000, SSE-CMM (ISO/IEC 21827), ISO/IEC 15408-3), or other assurance activities.Part 2 Assurance Methods describes a variety of assurance methods and approaches and relates them to the security assurance framework model of Part 1. The emphasis is to identify qualitative properties of the assurance methods that contribute to assurance. This material is catering to an IT security professional for the understanding of how to obtain assurance in a given life cycle stage of deliverable.Part 3 Analysis of Assurance Methods analyses the various assurance methods with respect to their assurance properties. The analysis will aid the Assurance Authority in deciding the relative value of each Assurance Approach and determining the assurance approach(s) that will provide the assurance results most appropriate to their needs within the specific context of their operating environment. Furthermore, the analysis will also aid the Assurance Authority to use the assurance results to achieve the desired confidence of the deliverable. The material in this part targets the IT security professional who must select assurance methods and approaches.This Technical Report analyses assurance methods that may not be unique to IT security; however, guidance given in this Technical Report will be limited to IT security requirements. Similarly, additional terms and concepts defined in other International standardisation initiatives (i.e. CASCO) and International guides (e.g., ISO/IEC Guide 2) will be incorporated; however, guidance will be provided specific to the field of IT security and is not intended for general quality management and assessment, or IT conformity.4 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reservedISO/IEC TR 15443-11 Scope1.1 PurposeTo introduce, relate and categorise security assurance methods to a generic life cycle model in a manner enabling an increased level of confidence to be obtained in the security functionality of a deliverable.1.2 ApproachThe approach adopted throughout this Technical Report presents an overview of the basic assurance concepts and terms required for understanding and applying assurance methods through a framework of identifying various assurance approaches and assurance stages.1.3 ApplicationUsing the categorisation obtained through Part 1 of this Technical Report, Parts 2 and 3 will guide the reader in the selection, and possible combination, of the assurance method(s) suitable for application to a given deliverable.1.4 Field of ApplicationPart 1 of this Technical Report will provide guidance for the categorisation of assurance methods including those not unique to IT security. It may be used in areas outside of IT security where criticality warrants assurance.1.5 LimitationsPart 1 of this Technical Report will apply to deliverables (refer to clause 3.19) and their related organisational security issues only.2 Normative referencesRefer to the following sub-clauses for normative ISO references and non-ISO references for further clarification of terminology, concepts and explanations. These references may be used to further the reader’s understanding of Part 1 of this Technical Report. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were used in the composition of Part 1 of this Technical Report.2.1 ISO referencesAll normative documents are subject to revision. The most recent editions of the normative documents indicated may contain variations. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of current valid International Standards.ISO/IEC Guide 2 Standardisation and related activities - General vocabulary.ISO 9000 Quality management systems - fundamentals and vocabulary.ISO 9001 Quality management systems - Requirements.ISO/IEC 9126-1 FDIS Software engineering - Product quality - Part 1: Quality model.ISO/IEC TR 13335 Information technology - Guidelines for the management of IT Security (all parts).ISO/IEC 14598 Information technology - Software product evaluation.ISO/IEC 15288 FCD Systems Engineering - System Life Cycle Processes.ISO/IEC 15504, Information Technology – Software Process Assessment (all parts).ISO/IEC 15408, Information technology – Security techniques – Evaluation criteria for IT security (all parts).© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved5ISO/IEC TR 15443-1:2004(E)ISO/IEC 18045, Methodology for IT security evaluation (also known as Common Evaluation Methodology (CEM)).ISO/IEC 17799: Information Technology – Code of Practice for Information Security Management.ISO/IEC 21827, Information Technology - Systems Security Engineering - Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM).2.2 Non-ISO referencesThis clause contains non-ISO references that are considered normative for the purposes of this Technical Report. AGCA: A Guide to Certification and Accreditation for Information Technology Systems, Communications Security Establishment, Government of Canada, Ottawa, 1996.Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria (ITSEC), Version 1.2 (Provisional), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, June 1991.SSAM® (method) System Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model, Appraisal Methodology, Version 1.1. June 1997. Available from Internet:< >.The Canadian trusted computer product evaluation criteria: version 3.0e / Canadian System Security Centre, Communications Security Establishment, Government of Canada, January 1993. Available From: National Library of Canada [xxv, 208 p.: ill.; 28 cm], LC Call no.: QA 76.9.A25 C36 1991.Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), DoD Standard 5200.28-STD, U.S. Department of Defense, December 1985.Trusted Product Evaluation Program (TPEP) Overview, National Computer Security Center (NCSC), National Security Agency (NSA). Available from Internet: < /tpep/process/procedures.html >.3 Terms and definitionsThe terms and definitions have been developed to be as generic as possible to support the assurance model developed in Part 1 of this Technical Report. The assurance model, being applicable to a broad spectrum of assurance approaches, requires non-specific terminology to be applicable to a broad spectrum of assurance approaches.Defining terms for a generic assurance model is a difficult task owing to the myriad of assurance terms that exist to satisfy the available assurance approaches. Furthermore, similar terms have different definitions and many are unique to a particular assurance approach making it difficult to construct a generic language for the assurance model. Owing to these difficulties, terms and definitions have been crafted to ensure the neutrality of the assurance framework and applicability to a wide range of assurance methods. Relevant ISO standards are used wherever possible, in particular to maintain compatibility to ISO/IEC 15408 Parts 1 - 3 and ISO 9000 series.The next difficulty was how to address the multiple definitions that existed for the same term and definitions that were not used, as they were not generic enough for the model. Should these terms be ignored or maintained for reference purposes? Ignoring definitions posed the problem of confusing readers when discussing the assurance approach from which they came. Maintaining definitions specific to a unique assurance approach added a level of formatting complexity to this Technical Report; however, the appropriate definition could then be used within the correct context. It was decided to maintain the previous definitions and to present them in a clear manner. Where multiple definitions exist for the same term, the principal definition for the purpose of this Technical Report is listed first. Alternate definitions are only applicable when cited in the context of their source, are bulleted and denoted in italics.3.1accreditationProcedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition, approval, and acceptance of the associated residual risk:a) for the operation of an automated system in a particular security mode using a particular set of safeguards[adapted from AGCA];6 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reservedISO/IEC TR 15443-1b) that a security body or person is competent to carry out specific tasks [adapted from ISO/IEC Guide 2]; andc) that a security service is suitable for the target environment.3.2approachThe method used or steps taken in setting about a task or problem.3.3assessmentVerification of a deliverable against a standard using the corresponding method to establish compliance and determine the assurance.3.4assurancePerformance of appropriate activities or processes to instil confidence that a deliverable meets its security objectives.•Grounds for confidence that an entity meets its security objectives [ISO/IEC 15408–1].3.5assurance approachA grouping of assurance methods according to the aspect examined.3.6assurance argumentA set of structured assurance claims, supported by evidence and reasoning, that demonstrate clearly how assurance needs have been satisfied.3.7assurance assessmentVerification and recording of the overall types and amounts of assurance associated with the deliverable (entered into the assurance argument).3.8assurance authorityA person or organisation delegated the authority for decisions (i.e. selection, specification, acceptance, enforcement) related to a deliverable’s assurance that ultimately leads to the establishment of confidence in the deliverable.Note: In specific schemes or organisations, the term for assurance authority may be different such as evaluation authority. 3.9assurance evidenceWork products resulting from the assurance analysis of the deliverable (including summary reports or other justification) that supports the assurance claim.3.10assurance levelThe amount of assurance obtained according to the specific scale used by the assurance method.Notes:1. the assurance level may not be measurable in quantitative terms.2. The amount of assurance obtained is generally related to the effort expended on the activities performed.3.11assurance methodA recognised specification for obtaining reproducible assurance results.3.12assurance propertyA characteristic of an assurance method that contributes to the assurance result.© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved7ISO/IEC TR 15443-1:2004(E)8 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved3.13assurance resultDocumented numerical or qualitative assurance statement pertaining to a deliverable.3.14assurance schemeThe administrative and regulatory framework under which an assurance method is applied by an assurance authority within a specific community or organisation.• The administrative and regulatory framework under which the Common Criteria is applied by an evaluationauthority within a specific community [ISO/IEC 15408–1].3.15assurance stageThe deliverable life cycle stage on which a given assurance method is focused. The overall deliverable assurance takes into account the results of the assurance methods applied throughout the deliverable life cycle.3.16assurance evidenceWorkproducts or any items generated from the assurance analysis of the deliverable including reports (justification) to support the assurance claim.3.17certificationProcedure by which a formal assurance statement is given that a deliverable conforms to specified requirements.Certification may be performed by a third party or self-certified. [adapted from ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996].• The issue of a formal statement confirming the results of an evaluation, and that the evaluation criteriaused where correctly applied [ITSEC].• The certification process is the independent inspection of the results of the evaluation leading to theproduction of the final certificate or approval [ISO/IEC 15408–1].•Certification The comprehensive assessment of the technical and non-technical security features of aninformation technology system, made in support of accreditation that establishes the extent to which asystem satisfies a specified security policy [AGCA].3.18confidenceA belief that a deliverable will perform in the way expected or claimed (i.e. properly, trustworthy, enforce security policy, reliably, effectively).3.19deliverableAn IT security product, system, service, process, or environmental factor (i.e. personnel, organisation) or the object of an assurance assessment. An object may be a Protection Profile (PP) or Security Target (ST) as defined by ISO/IEC15408-1.Note: ISO 9000:2000 holds that a service is a type of product and “product and/or service" when used in the ISO 9000family of standards.3.20evaluationAssessment of a deliverable against defined criteria (adapted from ISO/IEC 15408–1).• Systematic examination (quality evaluation) of the extent to which an entity is capable of fulfillingspecified requirements [ISO/IEC 14598-1].ISO/IEC TR 15443-1© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved93.21guaranteeRefer to the definition for Warranty in clause 3.36.3.22IT security productA package of IT software, firmware and/or hardware, providing functionality designed for use or incorporation within a multiplicity of systems [ISO/IEC 15408–1].3.23life cycle stageAn instance within the deliverable life cycle that relates to the state of the deliverable.• A period within the system life cycle that relates to the state of the system description and/or the systemitself [ISO/IEC 15288].3.24pedigreeInformal recognition of the vendor’s consistent repeatability to provide deliverables that satisfy its security policy or to perform as claimed (pedigree is an environmental factor associated with the vendor or deliverable).3.25processAn organised set of activities which uses resources to transform inputs to outputs [ISO 9000: 2000]3.26process assuranceAssurance derived from an assessment of activities of a process.3.27productRefer to the definition of deliverable.3.28schemeSet of rules defining the environment, including criteria and methodology required to conduct an assessment [adapted from ISO/IEC18045 (Common Evaluation Methodology)].3.29securityAll aspects related to defining, achieving, and maintaining confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability,authenticity, and reliability [ISO/IEC13335-1].Note: A product, system, or service is considered to be secure to the extent that its users can rely that it functions (or will function) in the intended way. This is usually considered in the context of an assessment of actual or perceived threats.• The capability of the software product to protect information and data so that unauthorised persons orsystems cannot read or modify them and authorised persons or systems are not denied access to them[ISO/IEC 9126-1].3.30security assessmentVerification of a security deliverable against a security standard using the corresponding security method to establish compliance and determine the security assurance.• The last stage of the product evaluation process [ISO/IEC 14598-1].3.31security elementAn indivisible security requirement.ISO/IEC TR 15443-1:2004(E)10 © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved 3.32serviceA security process or task performed by a deliverable, organisation, or person.3.33stakeholderA party having a right, share, or an asset at risk in a deliverable or in its possession of characteristics that meet the party’s needs and expectations.• A party having a right, share, or claim asset in a system or in its possession of characteristics that meetthe party’s needs and expectations [ISO/IEC 15288].3.34systemA specific IT installation, with a particular purpose and operational environment [ISO/IEC 15408–1].• A combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes [ISO/IEC15288].NOTES:1. A system may be considered as a product and/or as the services it provides [ISO/IEC 15288].2. In practice, the interpretation of its meaning is frequently clarified by the use of an associative noun, e.g. aircraftsystem. Alternatively the word system may be substituted simply by a context dependent synonym, e.g. aircraft,though this may then obscure a system principles perspective [ISO/IEC 15288].3.35system life cycleThe evolution with time of the system from conception through to disposal [ISO/IEC 15288].3.36warrantyA security service to correct or mitigate the deliverable’s operation (deployment, performance, or delivery) if it does not satisfy its security policy.3.37work productAll items (i.e. documents, reports, files, data, etc.) generated in the course of performing any process for developing and supplying the deliverable [SSE-CMM (ISO/IEC 21827)].• Result of a system of activities, which use resources to transform inputs into outputs [ISO 9001].4 Abbreviated termsThe following abbreviations are used in this Technical Report.ASTAbstract Security TargetBSIBundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (German Information Security Agency)CASCOISO Committee on conformity assessmentCEMCommon Evaluation Methodology (precursor of, and equivalent to NP N2729r1 Methodology for IT security evaluation)Capability Maturity ModelCSECommunications Security Establishment (Canadian IT Security Agency)CTCPECCanadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria (edited by CSE)HCDHuman Centered DesignIECInternational Electrotechnical CommissionITInformation TechnologyISOInternational Organization for StandardisationITSECInformation Technology Security Evaluation Criteria (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) ITSEMInformation Technology Security Evaluation Methodology (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities)NSANational Security Agency (Government Agency of the USA)PPProtection Profile (defined in ISO/IEC 15408-1)RAMPRatings And Maintenance Phase (NSA process following TCSEC evaluations)RMRatings and Maintenance phase (CSE process following CTCPEC evaluations)SCTStrict (Security) Conformance TestingSE-CMMSystem Engineering Capability Maturity Model (Capability Maturity Model is a Trade Mark™ of Carnegie-Mellon University)STSecurity Target (defined in ISO/IEC 15408-1)SSAM®SSE-CMM Appraisal Methodology (promoted by Support Organization), an entity within the International Systems Security Engineering Association (ISSEA)SSE-CMM®System Security Engineering - Capability Maturity Model ISO/IEC 21827 (submitted to ISO as a publicly available standard by the Support Organization of the International Systems Security Engineering Association (ISSEA)Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (edited by NSA)TOETarget of Evaluation (Term specific to ISO/IEC 15408 and defined in ISO/IEC 15408-1)TPEPTrusted Product Evaluation Program (TCSEC and CTCPEC)TRAThreat and Risk Assessment5 ConceptsThis section introduces the concepts of assurance and aims to differentiate the applicability of assurance concepts between general IT assurance and IT security assurance. The concepts are broad and should not be applied specifically to IT security or conformity assessments.5.1 Why do we need assurance?IT systems are prone to failure and security violations due to errors and vulnerabilities. These errors and vulnerabilities can be caused by rapidly changing technology, human error, poor requirement specifications, poor development processes or as a result of underestimating the threat. In addition, system modifications, new flaws, and new attacks are frequently introduced contributing to increased vulnerabilities, failures, and security violations throughout the IT system life cycle.Due to human error or oversight, component or equipment failure, and due to imperfection of the opposing security mechanisms, error-free, failure-free and risk-free operation is not usually achievable within acceptable cost and time constraints over the deliverable of the IT system life cycle. This situation makes it almost impossible to guarantee an error-free, risk-free, and secure IT system.From the above paragraphs, it can be seen that errors, vulnerabilities and risks will probably always exist and may change over the deliverable’s life cycle. Therefore, the errors, vulnerabilities and risks will have to be managed over the deliverable’s life cycle within acceptable parameters otherwise the deliverable assurance will change. The task of IT security engineering and management is to manage the security risk by mitigating the vulnerabilities and threats with technological and organisational security measures to achieve a deliverable with acceptable assurance. IT security management has an additional task of establishing acceptable assurance and risk objectives. In this way, the stakeholders of an IT system will achieve reasonable confidence that the deliverable performs in the way intended or claimed with acceptable risk and within budget. From a security standpoint, this translates into confidence that the deliverable enforces the applicable security policy.5.2 Assurance is distinguishable from confidenceIt is important to point out that assurance and confidence are not identical and cannot be used in place of one another. Too often, these terms are used incorrectly as they are closely related. It is important for the reader to understand the distinction between these two terms. Confidence, from the perspective of an individual, is related to the belief that one has in the assurance of the deliverable whereas assurance is related to the demonstrated ability of the deliverable to perform its security objectives. Therefore, confidence is not a certainty but an expression of trust and belief created through assurance.Assurance is determined from the evidence produced by the assessment process of the deliverable. The evidence, usually composed of an assurance argument, documentation, and other related work products, substantiates the claimed assurance based on the security engineering and assessment activities.Confidence is subject to the individual’s perception of their specific security requirements and to the knowledge gained in assessment processes that the deliverable will perform in the way expected or claimed. This includes the knowledge of the assurance criteria, method, scheme, and assessment process used. Furthermore, the reputation of the assessors and operators is a significant factor in establishing confidence of the deliverable as their qualifications。

英语《1994 年商标法》第 47 条第(2a)款

英语《1994 年商标法》第47 条第(2a)款全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Oh my goodness, let's talk about the 1994 Trademark Law, Article 47, Section 2(a)! It's like a super important rule about trademarks. So basically, this law says that if a trademark is similar to another trademark and there's a possibility that people might get confused between the two, then the second trademark can't be registered. I know, it sounds kind of complicated, but let me break it down for you.Okay, so imagine you have a super cool brand name for your toy company, let's say it's called "Super Fun Toys". You come up with this awesome logo and start selling your toys with this name. Now, another company comes along and wants to register a trademark that looks or sounds like "Super Fun Toys". Uh-oh, that wouldn't be fair to you because people might think their toys are made by you! That's why the 1994 Trademark Law, Article 47, Section 2(a) is there to protect your brand and make sure there's no confusion in the marketplace.This law is super important because trademarks help companies stand out and build their brand identity. If everyone could just copy each other's trademarks, it would be chaos! So remember, always be original and come up with your own unique ideas. And if you ever need to register a trademark, make sure it's not too similar to another one or else it might not be allowed. That's the rule, straight from the 1994 Trademark Law, looking out for us and our brands!篇2Title: The Law of 1994: Understanding Article 47(2a) from a Kid's PerspectiveHey there, my friends! Today I want to talk to you about something really cool and important – the 1994 Trademark Law. I know it sounds boring, but trust me, it's actually super interesting!In this law, there's this thing called Article 47(2a). It might sound all fancy and complicated, but don't worry, I'm here to break it down for you in a way that's easy to understand. So, let's get started!Article 47(2a) is all about how trademarks can be used. A trademark is like a special sign or symbol that represents acompany or a product. It's kind of like a secret code that helps us know where things come from. Pretty cool, right?So, in Article 47(2a), it says that a trademark can't be used in a way that might confuse people. That means if a company has a trademark for a certain thing, nobody else can use that same trademark to sell something similar. It's like having your own special sticker that nobody else can copy!But there's also something important to remember –trademarks can't be too similar to each other either. That's because we don't want people to get confused and accidentally buy the wrong thing. Imagine if you thought you were getting your favorite candy, but it turned out to be something totally different! Not cool, right?So, this law is like a superhero that protects trademarks and helps keep things fair for everyone. It's kind of like having rules in a game – they make sure that everyone plays nicely and nobody cheats.I hope you learned something new and interesting about the 1994 Trademark Law. Just remember, trademarks are like special stickers that show us where things come from, and we have to be careful not to confuse them with each other. So, next time you see a cool logo on a product, remember that it's like a secretcode that tells you a story about where it's from. Pretty neat, huh?Thanks for listening, my friends! Stay curious and keep learning new things every day. See you next time!篇3Hey guys, do you know that there's a law called the "Trademark Law of 1994"? And in this law, there's this thing called the 47th Article, and the 2a section of it talks about some really cool stuff!So basically, this section of the law says that if someone else uses your trademark without your permission, you can actually sue them and get compensation for it. Isn't that amazing? It's like having a superhero power to protect your brand!But wait, there's more! The law also says that if someone uses a trademark that is similar to yours and it confuses people, they can still get in trouble. It's like if someone tries to copy your homework but changes a few words, you can still catch them!This law is super important because it helps to protect businesses and make sure that people don't cheat or steal fromeach other. It's all about fairness and making sure that everyone plays by the rules.So next time you see a logo or a brand that you like, remember that it's protected by the law and someone worked really hard to create it. And if you ever create your own brand in the future, make sure to register it and protect it with the law!The Trademark Law of 1994 is like a shield that helps you protect your brand and make sure that no one can copy or steal it. It's like having a secret weapon that you can use to fight off the bad guys in the business world.So remember, trademarks are important and the law is there to help you protect them. Stay safe, stay creative, and always follow the rules!篇4Hey guys, do you know about the "1994 Trademark Law Article 47 Section 2a"? Well, I'm gonna tell you all about it in a fun and easy way!So, this law is all about trademarks, which are like those cool logos or brand names that companies use to identify their products. And guess what? The law says that if a trademark hasbeen registered for more than 5 years, the owner can renew it for another 10 years. That's super long, right?But wait, there's more! The law also says that if the owner doesn't use the trademark for 3 years in a row, other people can apply to cancel it. That's like saying if you don't use your favorite toy for a long time, someone else might get to play with it!Oh, and here's a cool fact - the law also protects famous trademarks from being used by other people without permission. So, if you see a logo or brand name you recognize, you know it's legit!In conclusion, the "1994 Trademark Law Article 47 Section2a" is all about keeping trademarks safe and making sure they're used properly. It's like a superhero that fights for the rights of logos and brand names everywhere. Pretty awesome, right?篇5Well, hello everyone! Today I am going to tell you all about the "1994 Trademark Law, Article 47, section 2a" in a super fun and easy way. Are you ready? Let's go!So, this law is all about trademarks. A trademark is like a special sign or symbol that a company uses to show that theirproducts or services belong to them. It can be a logo, a name, or even a jingle. And the 1994 Trademark Law is a set of rules that helps protect these trademarks and make sure no one else can use them without permission.Now, let's talk about Article 47, section 2a. This part of the law says that if a company registers a trademark for a product or service, they have the exclusive right to use that trademark. This means no one else can use it without the company's permission. It's like having your own special toy that no one else is allowed to play with.But wait, there's more! Section 2a also says that if someone else tries to use a trademark that is similar to yours, it could cause confusion among customers. For example, if you have a brand called "Super Star Cola" and someone else starts selling a drink called "Mega Star Cola," people might get confused and buy the wrong product. That's not cool, right?So, the 1994 Trademark Law is there to make sure companies can protect their brands and customers can easily recognize and trust the products they love. It's like a superhero cape that keeps businesses safe from copycats and bad guys.In conclusion, Article 47, section 2a of the 1994 Trademark Law is all about protecting trademarks and helping companiesbuild trust with their customers. So remember, if you see a trademark, respect it and don't try to copy it. Just like how we should respect each other's toys and not take them without asking. That's the golden rule in the world of trademarks. Thanks for listening, and see you next time!篇6Once upon a time, there was a fun and interesting law called the Trademark Law of 1994. This law had many different rules and regulations to protect trademarks, which are special symbols or signs that companies use to show who they are and what they sell.One of the important rules in this law is Section 47, which talks about how trademarks can be protected from being used by other people without permission. In Section 47, there is a special part called Section 2a, which has a lot of cool stuff about how to keep trademarks safe.In Section 47 Section 2a, it says that if someone wants to register a trademark, they have to show that they are actually using it for real things they sell. This means that they can't just make up a cool logo and then never use it on anything. Theyhave to show that they are using the trademark to sell real products or offer real services.For example, if a company wants to register a trademark for their new toy called "Super Fun Robot," they can't just make the trademark and then never actually sell the toy. They have to show that they are using the trademark on the packaging of the toy and in advertisements for the toy. This way, other companies can't come along and try to use the same trademark for their own toys.Section 47 Section 2a is like a superhero that protects trademarks from bad guys who want to steal them. It makes sure that only the companies who are actually using a trademark can register it and keep it safe. So, if you ever see a cool logo or symbol that you like, remember that it belongs to a company and they worked hard to make it special. And if you want to make your own trademark someday, make sure to follow the rules in Section 47 Section 2a to keep it safe and sound.篇7Title: What is the Chinese 1994 Trademark Law Article 47 (2a) in a Simple and Fun WayHey guys, have you ever heard of the Chinese 1994 Trademark Law Article 47 (2a)? Sounds like a mouthful, right? Well, don't worry, I'm here to break it down for you in a simple and fun way.So, let's get started! The Chinese 1994 Trademark Law is a set of rules that protect logos, symbols, and names of companies. It helps businesses to distinguish their products from others, kind of like how we all have our own names to be unique!Now, let's talk about Article 47 (2a). This part of the law is all about registering a trademark. It says that if you want to use a logo, symbol, or name for your business, you need to register it with the government. This way, no one else can steal your cool logo or name.But wait, there's more! Article 47 (2a) also says that if your logo or name becomes famous, you have an even stronger right to protect it. It's like if your favorite superhero becomes famous, everyone wants to be like him, right?So, remember guys, the Chinese 1994 Trademark Law Article 47 (2a) is here to make sure every business has a fair chance to shine and be unique. Just like how we all have our own favorite colors and toys, businesses have their trademarks to stand out from the crowd.And that's it! Easy peasy, right? Now you know a little bit about the Chinese 1994 Trademark Law Article 47 (2a). Next time you see a logo or a name, you'll remember that behind it, there's a cool law that keeps it safe and unique!Hope you guys had fun learning about the law with me. Remember, stay unique and be yourselves, just like how trademarks help businesses to do the same. See you next time!篇8Title: The Fun and Interesting Article of the Trademark Law (Article 47 (2a) of the 1994)Hey guys! Today, I want to talk to you about something super important but also kinda confusing – the Trademark Law! Don't worry, I'll try to explain it in a way that is easy to understand!So, have you ever wondered why companies have those cool logos and names that make them stand out from others? Well, that's because of trademarks! Trademarks are like a company's special identity that sets them apart from others.In the 1994 Trademark Law, there is this thing called Article 47 (2a) which talks about how companies can use theirtrademarks. It says that a trademark owner has the right to prevent others from using similar marks that could confuse people about the source of goods or services. Basically, it's like saying, "Hey, you can't copy my logo or name because it might make people think you are me!"Let me give you an example to make it easier to understand. Imagine you have a super awesome toy company called "SuperToys" and your logo is a smiling robot. Now, if someone else starts a toy company called "MegaToys" and their logo is also a smiling robot, people might get confused and think that both companies are the same. That's not cool, right? So, according to Article 47 (2a), you can tell "MegaToys" to change their logo so that it doesn't look like yours.But wait, there's more! The law also says that the trademark owner can stop others from using marks that are similar to theirs if the goods or services are related and if using the similar mark could cause confusion. This means that even if the two logos are not exactly the same, if they are too similar and could make people mix them up, the trademark owner can still take action.So, in our example, if "MegaToys" starts selling not just toys but also robot-themed merchandise, then it might be even more confusing for customers. You, as the owner of "SuperToys," canuse Article 47 (2a) to protect your brand and make sure that people know the difference between your company and "MegaToys."In conclusion, the Trademark Law is there to help companies protect their unique identities and make sure that customers can easily recognize and trust their products or services. By following the rules set out in Article 47 (2a) of the 1994 law, companies can prevent others from copying their trademarks and causing confusion in the marketplace.So, next time you see a cool logo or brand name, remember that it's not just a random design – it's a trademark that represents all the hard work and creativity that went into building that company. And now, you know a little bit more about how the Trademark Law helps to keep everything fair and square in the world of business. Pretty interesting, right?篇9Title: The Fancy Rules of the 1994 Trademark LawHey guys! Have you ever heard about the 1994 Trademark Law? It's like a set of rules that companies have to follow to protect their brand names and logos. And guess what? There's this one rule called Article 47 Section 2a that we're gonna talkabout today. So, buckle up and let's dive into the fancy world of trademarks!First off, let's break down what Article 47 Section 2a is all about. It basically says that if someone tries to use a trademark that's similar to another company's, and this causes confusion for customers, then it's a big no-no. That's right, folks! It's like copying your friend's homework and pretending it's yours. Not cool, right?But wait, there's more! This rule also says that if a company wants to register a trademark, they have to make sure it's unique and not similar to others already out there. It's like giving your pet a cool name that no other pet has. Pretty awesome, huh?So, why is this rule so important? Well, think about it. If every company could use the same logo or name, how would we know which one is the real deal? It's like trying to find your favorite candy in a sea of other candies. Confusing, right? That's why trademarks are so important – they help us know which products are made by which companies.And here's the best part – if a company breaks this rule and tries to use a similar trademark, they could get in big trouble! Yep, they could get sued and have to pay a lot of money. It's like getting caught cheating in a game and having to face theconsequences. So, always remember to play fair and come up with your own awesome ideas!To sum it all up, Article 47 Section 2a of the 1994 Trademark Law is like a superhero protecting companies from copycats and helping customers know which products are the real deal. So, let's give a big round of applause to this fancy rule and remember to always respect trademarks and support originality.And that's a wrap, folks! Stay tuned for more exciting adventures in the world of trademarks. Until next time, keep it real and keep it original! See ya!篇10Once upon a time there was a super cool law called the 1994 Trademark Law! And in that law, there was this thing called Article 47, subsection 2a! Let me tell you all about it!So basically, this law says that if a company has a trademark and another company tries to use a similar trademark for similar stuff, that's a big no-no! It's like trying to copy someone's homework – not cool at all. The law wants to protect the original company and their brand, so they can keep being awesome and successful.Imagine if you had a super cool dance move that was all yours, and then someone else started doing the exact same move and telling everyone they made it up. That would be so not fair! That's why this law is so important – to make sure everyone plays fair in the business world.But wait, there's more! This law also protects consumers, aka us, the awesome people who buy stuff. If a company is pretending to be another company just to trick us into buying their stuff, that's called trademark infringement. It's like if a fake superhero showed up and tried to save the day instead of the real superhero – we would be so confused!So remember, the 1994 Trademark Law is here to make sure everyone plays fair and respects each other's hard work. So next time you see a cool logo or brand name, remember that it belongs to someone who worked really hard to make it awesome!。

VOXOA T80 Turntable 直驅式黑膠唱盤说明书

目錄 / ContentsENGLSH中文IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ......................................................................... 10SPECIFICATIONS & ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED .............................................................. 12PART NAMES AND FUNCTIONS ................................................................................... 13OPERATING .. (15)重要安全指示 ....................................................................................................... 04規格和配件 ..................................................................................................... 06部件名稱與功能 ................................................................................................... 07操作 (09)中文1. 閱讀說明書 - 操作本產品前應先閱讀所有安全性及操作說明。

2. 保留說明書 - 安全性及操作說明應妥善保存供未來參考用。

3. 留心警告 - 所有在本產品及操作說明上的警告都要遵守。

4. 參照說明書 - 需參照所有操作及使用說明。

Thermo Scientific Speci-Mix 试管标本混合器用户手册说明书

9/3/10Table of ContentsSafety information (3)Important Information (3)Alert Signals (3)Introduction (4)General Usage (4)Principles of Operation (4)Installation (4)General Specifications (5)Environmental Conditions (5)Declaration of Conformity (5)Operation (6)Precautions and Limitations (6)Maintenance and Servicing (7)General Cleaning Instructions (7)Exploded View (8)Replacement Parts Listing (9)Ordering Procedures (10)One Year Limited Warranty (11)23Your Thermo Scientific Speci-Mix Test Tube Specimen Mixer has been designed with function,reliability,and safety in mind.It is your responsibility to install it in con-formance with local electrical codes.For safe operation,please pay attention to the alert signals throughout the manual.Important InformationThis manual contains important operating and safety information.You must carefully read and understand the contents of this manual prior to the use of this equip-ment.SafetyInformationWarningWarnings alert you to a possibility of per-sonal injury.CautionCautions alert you to a possibility of damage to the equipment.NoteNotes alert you to pertinent facts and conditions.Alert Signals4The Speci-Mix Test Tube Specimen Mixer provides gentle but thorough mixing of in vitro diagnostic specimens.The specimens are placed in the grooves of the white silicone pad,which is mounted on the platform.The platform rocks at a constant speed to provide gentle and thorough mixing of test tube contents.General UsageDo not use this product for anything other than its intended usage.Principles of Operation A synchronous gear motor drives a cam and linkage as-sembly that is attached to the rocker plate,which rocks in a cyclic 48°maximum motion at 18rpm.InstallationRemove the Speci-Mix from the carton.Check electrical specifications and plug into a properly grounded recepta-cle.IntroductionNoteWith a 240V/60Hz power supply the speed is 20rpm,with a 240V/50Hz,16.5rpm.Thermo Fisher ScientificRobert-Bosch-Strasse 1,D-63505 Langenselbold,Germany6Place tubes in the grooves of the white silicone pad.Center tubes for balanced mixing.On the side without ridges,the reversible pad will accept tubes over 125mm in length.The side with ridges will accept tubes less than 125mm in length.Turn the switch to the “on”position to start the mixing.Precautions and Limitations1.Do not overload by weight.Loads over 1-1/4pounds may cause jerky rocking action.2.Wash white silicone pad with soap and water and rinse when needed to assure the friction-grip quality of the pad.OperationWarningTo avoid personal injury,do not use in the presence of flammable or combus-tible chemicals —fire or explosion may result.This device contains compo-nents that may ignite such materials.NoteIf the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer,the protection provided by the equip-ment may beimpared.71.The drive motor and linkage assembly do not require lubrication.The drive motor is imped-ance protected.2.Jerky rocking action without a load indicates motor replacement is necessary.3.Failure of the unit when plugged in and with the toggle switch in the “on”position indicates de-fective toggle switch,malfunctioning drivemotor or disengaged linkage.Remove right end cap to observe.General Cleaning InstructionsWipe exterior surfaces with lightly dampened cloth con-taining mild soap solution.Maintenance andServicingWarningTo avoid electrical shock,always dis-connect from power supply before maintenance and servicing.Refer ser-vicing to qualified personnel.8ExplodedViewNoteWhen ordering replacement parts,be sure to order by part number —not by key number.M26120-33,M26120,M26125,series 11069Model Type:M26100,Series 1107Model Type:M71000,Series 1106Model Type:M26100,Series 1107Model Type:M71000,Series 1106Product Name:Speci Mix Aliquot Mixer Product Name:1/2Size Speci Mix Aliquot Mixer Key Part #(Qty)DescriptionPart #(Qty)Description*PT261X1Silicone top tube holder PT532X2Silicone top tube holder 2PT1106X4End plate assembly PT1106X4End plate assembly 3CV710X1A End coverCV710X1A End cover4PT1106X3End plate assembly PT1106X3End plate assembly 5MTX34Motor (M26125)MTX34Motor (M71015)MTX35Motor (M26120)MTX35Motor (M71010and -33)6CR1105X1Cord set (M26125)CR1105X1Cord set (M71015)CR1105X2Cord set (M26120-33)CR1105X2Cord set (M71010-33)CRM1855X1Cord set (M71010-33CN)7SWX135Switch (M26125)SWX135Switch (M71015)SWX136Switch (M26120-33)SWX136Switch (M71010-33)8PT261X3B Top rocker plate assembly PT532X1A Top rocker plate assembly 9CUX4Coupling CUX4Coupling 10LN261X1LinkLN261X1LinkReplacementPartsWarningTo avoid electrical shock,always discon-nect from power supply before mainte-nance and servicing.Refer servicing to qualified personnel.*Not shown on exploded view.800-943-2006 or 800-926-0505North America: USA/Canada +1 866 984 3766 (866-9-THERMO) Europe: Austria +43 1 801 40 0, Belgium +32 2 482 30 30, France +33 2 2803 2180, Germany national toll free 08001-536 376,Germany international +49 6184 90 6940, Italy +39 02 02 95059 434-254-375, Netherlands +31 76 571 4440, Nordic/Baltic countries +358 9 329 100,Russia/CIS +7 (812) 703 42 15, Spain/Portugal +34 93 223 09 18, Switzerland +41 44 454 12 12, UK/ Ireland +44 870 609 9203Asia: China +86 21 6865 4588 or +86 10 8419 3588, India toll free 1800 22 8374, India +91 22 6716 2200, Japan +81 45 453 9220,Other Asian countries +852 2885 4613 Countries not listed: +49 6184 90 6940 or +33 2 2803 2180。

ASTM E94_2004

Copyright OASTM International. 100 Barr Harbor Drive. PO Box C700. West Conshohocken. PA 19428.2959, United States
Copyright ASTM International Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and Gamma) Method. Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 94 - OO. For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Guide SE-94 in Section V of that Code.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, , or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book o ASTM f Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

JIS 标准目录

JIS B0001 ERRATUM 1-2000 机械工程技术制图(勘误1)JIS B0001-2000 机械工程技术制图JIS B0002-1-1998 技术制图.螺纹和螺纹部件.第1部分:通用规范JIS B0002-2-1998 技术制图.螺纹和螺纹部件.第2部分:螺纹嵌镶件JIS B0002-3-1998 技术制图.螺纹和螺纹部件.第3部分:简化表示JIS B0003-1989 齿轮的制图室实施规范JIS B0004-1995 技术制图.弹簧画法JIS B0005-1-1999 技术绘图.滚动轴承.第1部分:一般简化图解JIS B0005-2-1999 技术绘图.滚动轴承.第2部分:细节简化图解JIS B0006-1993 技术制图.花键和锯齿形花键的画法JIS B0011-1-1998 技术制图.管道的简化表示法.第1部分:通则和正交表示法JIS B0011-2-1998 技术制图.管道的简化表示法.第2部分:等角投影JIS B0011-3-1998 技术制图.管道的简化表示法.第3部分:通风和排水系统终端部件JIS B0021-1998 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).几何公差.形状、方向、位置和偏转公差JIS B0022-1984 几何公差的基准及基准系统JIS B0023-1996 技术制图.几何公差.最大和最小的实体公差要求JIS B0024-1988 技术制图.公差表示的基本原则JIS B0025-1998 机械制图.几何公差.位置公差JIS B0026-1998 技术制图.尺寸和公差.非钢性部件JIS B0027-2000 技术制图.剖面的尺寸和公差表示JIS B0028-2000 技术制图.尺寸和公差表示.锥形JIS B0029-2000 技术制图.方向和位置的公差表示.突出公差带JIS B0031-2003 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).技术产品文献表面结构标注方法JIS B0041-1999 技术绘图.中心孔简化图解JIS B0090-10-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第10部分:表示透镜元件数据的表JIS B0090-11-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第11部分:不包含公差的数据JIS B0090-1-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第1部分:总则JIS B0090-12-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第12部分:非球型表面JIS B0090-2-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第2部分:材料缺陷.应力双折射JIS B0090-3-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第3部分:材料缺陷.起泡和杂质JIS B0090-4-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第4部分:材料缺陷.不均匀和擦痕JIS B0090-5-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第5部分:表面形式公差JIS B0090-6-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第6部分:中心校正公差JIS B0090-7-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第7部分:表面缺陷公差JIS B0090-8-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第8部分:表面结构JIS B0090-9-2001 光学元件和系统图的绘制.第9部分:表面处理和涂覆JIS B0100-1984 阀门术语JIS B0101-1994 螺纹和紧固件.词汇JIS B0102-1999 齿轮术语.与几何有关的定义JIS B0103-1996 弹簧词汇JIS B0104-1991 滚动轴承.词汇JIS B0105-1993 机床.设计.词汇JIS B0106-1996 机床.部件及操作方法.词汇JIS B0107-1991 单刃刀具.词汇JIS B0108-1-1999 往复式内燃机,词汇.第1部分:引擎设计和操作术语JIS B0108-2-1999 往复式内燃机.词汇.第2部分:引擎维护术语JIS B0109-1-1999 往复式内燃机.元件和系统词汇.第1部分:结构和外壳JIS B0109-2-1999 ?词侥谌蓟?元件和系统词汇.第2部分:主要运行齿轮JIS B0109-3-1999 往复式内燃机.元件和系统词汇.第3部分:阀门,凸轮轴驱动和起动机械JIS B0109-4-1999 往复式内燃机.元件和系统词汇.第4部分:增压和空气/排气管道系统JIS B0109-5-1999 往复式内燃机.元件和系统词汇.第5部分:冷却系统JIS B0109-6-1999 往复式内燃机.元件和系统词汇.第6部分:润滑系统JIS B0109-7-1999 往复式内燃机.元件和系统词汇.第7部分:控制系统JIS B0109-8-1999 往复式内燃机.元件和系统词汇.第8部分:起动系统JIS B0109-9-1999 往复式内燃机.元件和系统词汇.第9部分:控制和检测系统JIS B0110-1999 往复式内燃机.特殊元件词汇JIS B0111-1997 印刷机械.词汇JIS B0112-1994 锻压.词汇JIS B0113-1989 工业用燃烧装置术语JIS B0114-1997 木材加工机械.词汇JIS B0115-1991 电子式现金收入记录机术语JIS B0116-1978 填料和密封垫术语JIS B0117-1991 办公机械术语JIS B0119-1992 水轮机及双向泵水轮机.词汇JIS B0121-1999 国际齿轮符号表示法.几何数据符号JIS B0122-1978 金属加工工艺符号JIS B0123 ERRATUM 1-2000 螺纹命名体系(勘误1)JIS B0123-1999 螺纹标识系统JIS B0124-1994 滚动轴承.量值符号JIS B0125-1-2001 液压气动系统及元件.图形符号和电路图.第1部分:图形符号JIS B0125-2-2001 液压气动系统及元件.图形符号和电路图.第2部分:电路图JIS B0126-1994 火力发电厂术语汇编.锅炉和附属装置JIS B0127-2004 火力发电厂术语汇编.火力和地热发电厂的汽轮机和辅助设备JIS B0128-1995 火力发电厂.燃气轮机和附属装置.词汇JIS B0130-1989 火力发电术语.通用术语JIS B0131-2002 涡轮泵术语集JIS B0132-1984 鼓风机和压缩机术语JIS B0134-1998 工业操作机器人.词汇JIS B0137-1985 复印机术语JIS B0138-1996 工业机器人.机械结构的图形符号JIS B0139-2000 复印机图形符号JIS B0140-1993 输送机的相关术语汇编.输送机的种类JIS B0141-1993 输送机的相关术语汇编.零部件、组件及其它JIS B0142-1994 液压和气动设备的相关术语汇编JIS B0143-1985 螺钉各部尺寸名称及符号JIS B0144-2000 PCB(印制电路板组装机器人.词汇JIS B0146-1-2000 起重机.词汇.第1部分:通则JIS B0146-2-2000 起重机.词汇.第2部分:汽车起重机JIS B0147-2004 埋头铆钉.术语和定义JIS B0148-1998 提升设备.术语JIS B0149-1990 发动机的术语和定义总汇.发电机组JIS B0151-2001 铁管和钢管配件.词汇JIS B0152-1997 离合器及制动器.词汇JIS B0153-2001 机械振动和冲击的术语汇编JIS B0154-1996 圆锥的词汇JIS B0155-1997 工业流程测量和控制.术语和定义JIS B0160 ERRATUM 1-2000 齿轮.齿轮齿的磨损.术语(勘误1)JIS B0160-1999 齿轮.齿轮齿的磨损和损害.术语JIS B0161-1999 园周滑动轴承.词汇JIS B0170-1993 切削工具.词汇.基本术语JIS B0171-1997 麻花钻.词汇JIS B0172-1993 铣刀术语汇编JIS B0173-2002 铰刀.词汇JIS B0174-1991 齿轮铣刀.词汇JIS B0175-1996 拉刀.词汇JIS B0176-1-2002 螺纹加工刀.词汇.第1部分:丝锥JIS B0176-2-2002 螺纹加工刀.词汇.第2部分:螺纹切削模JIS B0176-3-2002 螺纹加工刀.词汇.第3部分:槽JIS B0176-4-2002 螺纹加工刀具.词汇.第4部分:滚丝模JIS B0181-1998 工业自动化系统.机械的数值控制.词汇JIS B0182-1993 机床.试验代码.词汇JIS B0185-2002 智能机器人.词汇JIS B0186-2003 移动式遥控装置.词汇JIS B0190-1986 压力容器制造用术语总汇JIS B0191-1986 日本文字处理机的相关术语汇编JIS B0201-1973 微型螺纹JIS B0202-1999 圆柱管螺纹JIS B0203-1999 锥管螺纹JIS B0205-1-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.第1部分:基本轮廓JIS B0205-2-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.第2部分:总图JIS B0205-3-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.第3部分:螺钉、螺栓和螺母的选择尺寸JIS B0205-4-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.第4部分:基本尺寸JIS B0206-1973 统一粗牙螺纹JIS B0208-1973 统一细牙螺纹JIS B0209-1-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.公差.第1部分:原则和基本数据JIS B0209-2-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.公差.第2部分:通用外部和内部螺纹规格的限值.中等质量JIS B0209-3 ERRATUM 1-2002 ISO通用米制螺纹.公差.第3部分:结构螺纹的偏离(勘误1)JIS B0209-3-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.公差.第3部分:结构螺纹的偏离JIS B0209-4-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.公差.第4部分:与电镀后公差级为H或G的内部攻丝螺纹配合的热浸电镀外部螺纹的规格的限值JIS B0209-5 ERRATUM 1-2002 ISO通用米制螺纹.公差.第5部分:与电镀前最大公差级为h的热浸电镀外螺纹相配合的内螺纹的尺寸限值(勘误1)JIS B0209-5-2001 ISO通用米制螺纹.公差.第5部分:与电镀前最大公差级为h的热浸电镀外部螺纹配合的内部螺纹规格的限值JIS B0210-1973 统一粗牙螺纹的允许极限尺寸与公差JIS B0212-1973 统一细牙螺纹的允许极限尺寸与公差JIS B0216-1987 米制梯形螺纹JIS B0217-1980 米制梯形螺纹公差体系JIS B0218-1980 米制梯形螺纹的允许极限尺寸与公差JIS B0225-1960 自行车螺纹JIS B0251-1998 米制粗牙螺纹极限量规JIS B0253-1985 锥形管螺纹量规JIS B0254-1985 圆柱管螺纹量规JIS B0255-1998 统一粗牙螺纹极限量规JIS B0261-2004 平行螺纹量规.量规的测量方法JIS B0262-1989 锥形螺纹量规的检验方法JIS B0271-2004 螺纹测量用三线法和螺纹测量用四线法JIS B0401-1-1998 公差和配合的ISO系统.第1部分:公差、偏差和配合的基础JIS B0401-2 ERRATUM 1-2002 限值和配合的ISO体系.第2部分:孔和轴的标准公差等级和极限偏差表(勘误1) JIS B0401-2-1998 公差和配合的ISO系统.第2部分:孔和轴的标准公差级和极限偏差表JIS B0403-1995 铸件.尺寸公差和机械加工余量体系JIS B0405-1991 普通公差. 第1部分:无单个公差指示的线性及角度尺寸公差JIS B0408-1991 金属板冲压加工件一般尺寸公差JIS B0410-1991 金属板剪切件一般公差JIS B0411-1978 无公差指示的金属烧结件尺寸的允许偏差JIS B0415-1975 钢模锻件的尺寸公差(锤锻及压锻加工)JIS B0416-1975 钢模锻件的尺寸公差(镦锻加工)JIS B0417-1979 气割钢板未标注的可允许尺寸偏差JIS B0418-1999 自由锻造件的加工余量JIS B0419-1991 一般公差.第2部分:未标注公差零件的几何公差JIS B0601-2001 产品几何量技术规范.表面结构:轮廓法.术语、定义和表面结构参数JIS B0610-2001 产品几何量技术规范.表面结构:轮廓法.展成圆波纹度的定义和名称与符号JIS B0612-2002 产品几何量技术规范.圆锥度和刃角系列JIS B0613-1976 中心距的允许偏差JIS B0614-1987 圆锥公差系统JIS B0615-2002 产品几何量技术规范.棱体的角度及斜度系列JIS B0616-1996 圆锥配合体系JIS B0621-1984 几何偏差的定义及名称和符号JIS B0631-2000 几何产品规范(GPS).表面纹理:断面法.花纹图案参数JIS B0632-2001 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.相位校正过滤器的计量特征JIS B0633-2001 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.表面特征评估规则和程序JIS B0641-1-2001 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).通过工件测量进行检验和测量设备.第1部分:判定是否符合技术要求的规则JIS B0651 ERRATUM 1-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.触针式仪器的标称特征(勘误1) JIS B0651-2001 产品几何量技术规范.表面结构:轮廓法.触针式仪器的标称特性JIS B0652-1973 光波干涉式表面粗糙度测定仪JIS B0659-1-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.测量标准.第1部分:材料测量JIS B0670-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.触针式仪器的校正JIS B0671-1-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.有分层功能特性的表面.第1部分:过滤和一般测量条件JIS B0671-2-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.有分层功能特性的表面.第2部分:利用线性材料比率曲线表征高度JIS B0671-3-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.有分层功能特性的表面.第3部分:利用材料概率曲线表征高度JIS B0672-1-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).几何特性.第1部分:一般术语和定义JIS B0672-2-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS).几何特性.第2部分:圆柱体和圆锥体的提取中心线、提取中心面和提取要素的中心尺寸JIS B0701-1987 切削加工件的圆度和倒棱JIS B0702-1977 冲压件的倒圆角JIS B0703-1987 铸件的圆度JIS B0706-1987 锻件的棱和圆角(热壳和温壳锻件)JIS B0711-1976 磨削余量JIS B0712-1969 精整切削的机械加工留量JIS B0901-1977 轴的直径JIS B0902-2001 发动和从动机旋转轴高度JIS B0903-2001 圆柱形轴端JIS B0904-2001 锥度比例1:10的圆锥形轴端JIS B0905-1992 旋转电机.刚性转子的平衡质量要求JIS B0906-1998 机械振动.用非旋转部件上的测量法评定机械振动.一般导则JIS B0907-1989 转动机械及往复式机械的振动.振动强度测定器的要求JIS B0908-1991 振动及冲击传感器的校准方法.基本概念JIS B0909-1993 冲击和振动测量.地震拾波器特性JIS B0910-1999 非往复机器的机械振动.旋转轴的测量和评估标准.一般指南JIS B0911-2000 机械振动.不平衡设备的敏感度和灵敏性JIS B0951-1962 滚花JIS B0952-1999 机床工具台.T型槽和相应螺栓JIS B1001-1985 螺栓和螺纹用通孔与沉孔的直径JIS B1002-1985 螺钉头、螺母的对边宽度尺寸JIS B1003-2003 紧固件.ISO米制外螺纹部件端头JIS B1004-1975 螺纹底径JIS B1005-2003 一般用途的螺栓和螺钉.米制系列.端头半径JIS B1006-1985 外螺纹紧固件螺纹尾部长度与退刀槽JIS B1007-2003 攻丝螺钉螺纹JIS B1008-1988 螺栓、螺钉和螺柱的开口销槽和金属丝孔JIS B1009-1991 螺栓、螺钉和螺柱.一般用途螺栓的公称长度及螺纹长度JIS B1010-2003 紧固件的名称与符号体系JIS B1011-1987 中心孔JIS B1012-1985 螺钉头十字槽JIS B1013-1994 埋头螺钉.头部外形和量规JIS B1014-1994 埋头法兰头螺钉.第2部分:十字凹槽贯穿深度JIS B1015-2001 螺栓和螺钉的六小叶片内推进特性JIS B1021-2003 紧固件公差.第1部分:螺栓、螺钉、螺柱和螺母.产品等级A、B和C级JIS B1022-1999 紧固件公差.第3部分:螺栓,螺钉和螺母的垫圈.A级和C级产品JIS B1041-1993 紧固件.表面缺陷.第1部分:普通要求用螺栓、螺钉和螺柱JIS B1042-1998 紧固件.表面不连续性.第2部分:螺母JIS B1043-1993 紧固件.表面缺陷.第3部分:特殊要求用螺栓、螺钉和螺柱JIS B1044-2001 紧固件.电镀覆层JIS B1045-2001 紧固件.氢蚀致脆探测的预加负荷试验.滑动轴承表面法JIS B1051 ERRATUM 1-2001 碳素钢和合金钢紧固件的机械特性.第1部分:螺栓、螺钉和螺柱(勘误1) JIS B1051-2000 碳素钢和合金钢紧固件的机械特性.第1部分:螺栓、螺钉和螺柱JIS B1052-1998 钢制螺母的机械性能JIS B1053-1999 用碳钢和合金钢制成的紧固件的机械特性.不超过拉伸强度的紧固螺纹和类似螺纹紧固件JIS B1054-1-2001 耐腐蚀不锈钢紧固件的机械特性.第1部分:螺栓、螺钉和螺柱JIS B1054-2-2001 耐腐蚀不锈钢紧固件的机械特性.第2部分:螺母JIS B1054-3-2001 耐腐蚀不锈钢紧固件的机械特性.第3部分:无拉伸应力的定位螺钉和类似紧固件JIS B1055-1995 自攻螺钉.机械性能JIS B1056-2000 有效力矩型钢制六角头螺母.机械和操作性能JIS B1057-2001 有色金属紧固件的机械性能JIS B1058-1995 紧固件的机械特性.第7部分:扭力试验和标称直径为1mm-10mm的螺栓和螺钉的最小转力JIS B1059-2001 带自攻螺钉螺纹的钻孔螺钉.机械和功能特性JIS B1060-2003 表面淬火和回火的米制螺纹轧制螺钉的机械和性能要求JIS B1071-1985 紧固件几何尺寸的测定方法JIS B1081 ERRATUM 1-2000 螺纹紧固件.轴向负荷疲劳试验.试验方法和结果评定(勘误1)JIS B1081-1997 螺纹紧固件.拉伸疲劳试验方法.试验方法和结果评定JIS B1082-1987 紧固件的应力面积和支撑面积JIS B1083-1990 螺纹紧固件的紧固通则JIS B1084-1990 螺纹紧固件的紧固试验方法JIS B1085-1995 螺母的圆锥装载试验JIS B1086-1998 螺母的加宽试验JIS B1087-2004 埋头铆钉.机械试验JIS B1091-2003 紧固件.验收检验JIS B1101-1996 槽头螺钉JIS B1107-2004 Hexalobular凹头螺钉JIS B1111-1996 十字槽螺钉JIS B1112-1995 十字槽木螺钉JIS B1115-1996 槽头自攻丝螺钉JIS B1116-1980 精密仪器用槽头机螺钉JIS B1117-1995 有槽定位螺钉JIS B1118-1995 方头定位螺钉JIS B1119-1995 眼镜框架用小螺钉和螺母JIS B1122-1996 十字槽自攻丝螺钉JIS B1123-1996 六角头自攻丝螺钉JIS B1124-2003 带攻丝螺钉螺纹的钻孔螺钉JIS B1125-2003 自钻孔自攻丝螺钉JIS B1126-1995 带垫圈六角头自攻螺钉JIS B1127 ERRATUM 1-2001 六角法兰头自攻螺钉(勘误1)JIS B1127-1995 六角自攻螺钉边缘JIS B1128-2004 Hexalobular凹头攻丝螺钉JIS B1129-2004 带平垫圈的攻丝螺钉垫圈组件JIS B1135-1995 有槽木螺钉JIS B1136-2004 Hexalobular内六角螺钉JIS B1163-2001 方螺母JIS B1166-1995 T型槽螺栓JIS B1167-2001 T型槽螺母JIS B1168-1994 吊环螺栓JIS B1169-1994 吊环螺母JIS B1170-2001 带槽六角螺母JIS B1171-1996 半圆头方颈螺栓JIS B1173-1995 螺柱JIS B1174-2000 六角凹头螺钉JIS B1175-1988 六角凹头有肩螺钉JIS B1176-2000 六角凹头平头螺钉JIS B1177-1997 六角凹头紧定螺钉JIS B1178-1994 地脚螺钉JIS B1179-1994 平头螺钉JIS B1180-2004 六角头螺栓和螺钉JIS B1181-2004 六角螺母和六角薄螺母JIS B1182-1995 方头螺栓JIS B1183-2001 六角盖形螺母JIS B1184-1994 蝶形螺栓JIS B1185-1994 蝶形螺母JIS B1186-1995 摩擦连接用高强度六角螺栓、六角螺母及带垫圈平头螺钉系列JIS B1187-1995 带系紧垫圈的六角螺钉JIS B1188-1995 带系紧垫圈的十字槽螺钉JIS B1189-1999 六角法兰螺栓JIS B1190-1999 带法兰的六角螺母JIS B1192-1997 滚珠丝杠JIS B1193-2004 滚珠花键JIS B1194 ERRATUM 1-2000 六角套节埋头螺钉(勘误1)JIS B1194-2000 六角套节埋头螺钉JIS B1195-1994 焊接螺栓JIS B1196-2001 焊接螺母JIS B1198-1995 带头的螺柱JIS B1199-1-2001 一般扭矩型螺母.第1部分:带非金属螺孔塞的六角螺母JIS B1199-2-2001 一般扭矩型螺母.第2部分:全金属六角螺母JIS B1199-3-2001 一般扭矩型螺母.第3部分:带非金属螺孔塞的凸缘六角螺母JIS B1199-4-2001 一般扭矩型螺母.第4部分:全金属凸缘六角螺母JIS B1213-1995 冷成型铆钉JIS B1214-1995 热成型铆钉JIS B1215-1976 半管型铆钉JIS B1251 ERRATUM 1-2001 弹簧垫圈(勘误1) JIS B1251-2001 弹簧垫圈JIS B1256 ERRATUM 1-2002 普通垫圈(勘误1) JIS B1256-1998 平垫圈JIS B1301-1996 键及其键槽JIS B1351-1987 开口销JIS B1352-1988 圆锥销JIS B1353-1990 开口圆锥销JIS B1354-1988 平行销JIS B1355-1990 定位销(硬化平行销)JIS B1358-1990 锥形螺纹销JIS B1359-1990 内螺纹平行销JIS B1451-1991 法兰盘式刚性联轴器JIS B1452-1991 法兰盘式挠性联轴器JIS B1453-1988 齿轮形联轴器JIS B1454-1988 球形万向接头JIS B1455-1988 橡胶联轴器JIS B1456-1989 滚子链轮联轴器JIS B1501-1988 滚珠轴承用钢球JIS B1506-1991 滚柱轴承用滚柱JIS B1509-1987 滚动轴承的定位卡环JIS B1511-1993 滚动轴承.通则JIS B1512-2000 滚动轴承.主要尺寸JIS B1513-1995 滚动轴承.名称和符号JIS B1514-2000 滚动轴承.公差JIS B1515-1988 滚动轴承的测量方法JIS B1516-1987 滚动轴承和包装件的标记JIS B1517-1984 滚动轴承的包装JIS B1518-1992 滚动轴承的额定动力荷载及额定寿命JIS B1519-1989 滚动轴承的额定静负荷JIS B1520-1995 滚动轴承的径向游隙JIS B1521-1993 滚动轴承.深沟滚珠轴承JIS B1522-1993 滚珠轴承.角接触滚球轴承JIS B1523-1993 滚动轴承.自位滚珠轴承JIS B1532-1993 滚动轴承.平底止推滚珠轴承JIS B1533-1993 滚动轴承.圆柱滚柱轴承JIS B1534-1993 滚动轴承.圆锥滚柱轴承JIS B1535-1993 滚动轴承.自位滚柱轴承JIS B1536-1999 滚针轴承.针滚动轴承.尺寸和公差JIS B1539-1993 滚动轴承.自位止推滚柱轴承JIS B1548-1995 滚动轴承声压级测定方法JIS B1551-1995 滚动轴承配件.轴台轴承箱JIS B1552-1993 滚动轴承.接头组件和紧固套JIS B1554-1993 滚动轴承.防松螺母、锁紧垫圈和锁片JIS B1556-1993 滚动轴承.转接套和螺母JIS B1557-1995 滚动轴承.插入式轴承装置JIS B1558-1995 滚动轴承.插入式轴承JIS B1559-1995 滚动轴承.插入式轴承用铸造外壳和加压箱JIS B1566-1989 滚动轴承的安装尺寸和配合JIS B1575 ERRATUM 1-2001 油脂枪喷嘴(勘误1)JIS B1575-2000 油脂枪喷嘴JIS B1582-1996 轴颈轴承用轴衬JIS B1583-1999 滑动轴承.表面变化和损害原因及特性和术语JIS B1601-1996 带有定心孔的圆柱形轴用直边花键.尺寸、公差及检验JIS B1603-1995 渐开线花键的直线轨迹.适合边缘.概要、尺寸和检验JIS B1701-1-1999 一般和重型机械用圆柱型齿轮.第1部分:标准基本齿条齿刨面图JIS B1701-2-1999 一般和重型机械用圆柱型齿轮.第2部分:模数JIS B1702-1-1998 圆柱齿轮.准确度的ISO体系.第1部分:齿轮啮合对应齿根面相应偏差的容许值和定义JIS B1702-2-1998 圆柱齿轮.准确度的ISO体系.第2部分:有关放射要素偏差度和输出信息相应偏差度的容许值和定义JIS B1704-1978 锥齿轮的准确度JIS B1705-1973 锥齿轮的齿隙JIS B1706-1-1999 一般机械用直伞型齿.第1部分:基本齿条JIS B1706-2-1999 一般和重型机械用直锥齿轮.第2部分:模数和直径齿节JIS B1723-1977 圆柱蜗轮尺寸JIS B1751-1976 检验用标准圆柱齿轮JIS B1753-1999 齿轮验收.由齿轮单元发出的空气传播的声音强度级别的测定JIS B1754-1998 齿轮验收规程.第2部分:验收试验过程中齿轮装置机械振动的测定JIS B1755-1999 斜齿轮和正齿轮的负载容量的计算.材料的强度和质量JIS B1801-1997 短齿距传动精度传动滚子链及套筒链JIS B1803-1998 输送机用双节距精密滚子链条JIS B1804-1993 片状链JIS B1810-1999 滚动链选择指南JIS B1852-1980 平带传动皮带轮JIS B1854-1987 老式V型皮带用带槽的皮带轮JIS B1855-1991 窄V型皮带用带槽皮带轮JIS B1856-1993 同步皮带传动.皮带轮JIS B1857-1-2001 通用电力传输用曲线式锯齿形同步皮带驱动系统.第1部分:皮带JIS B1857-2-2001 通用电力传输用曲线式锯齿形同步皮带驱动系统.第2部分:皮带轮JIS B2001-1987 阀门的公称直径和孔径JIS B2002-1987 阀门的结构尺寸JIS B2003-1994 阀门检查通则JIS B2004-1994 阀门的标志通则JIS B2007-1993 工业过程控制阀.检验和常规试验JIS B2011 AMD 1-2004 青铜闸阀、球阀、角阀和止回阀(修改件1)JIS B2011-2003 球形、直角形青铜阀和单向阀JIS B2031-1994 灰口铸铁阀JIS B2032-1995 圆片形橡胶板蝶阀JIS B2051-1994 10K可锻铸铁螺纹式阀JIS B2061-2004 龙头、球形旋塞和冲洗阀JIS B2062-1994 水管用闸阀JIS B2071-2000 钢阀JIS B2205 ERRATUM 1-2001 管法兰的计算基础(勘误1)JIS B2205-1991 管法兰的计算标准JIS B2206-1995 铝合金管法兰的计算标准JIS B2207-1995 具有全密封垫铝合金管法兰的计算基础JIS B2220-2004 钢管法兰JIS B2239-2004 铸铁管法兰JIS B2240-1996 铜合金管法兰通则JIS B2241-1986 铝合金管法兰基本尺寸JIS B2290-1998 真空技术.法兰尺寸JIS B2291-1994 21 MPA液压用松套焊接管法兰JIS B2292-1-2000 液压传动.正排量泵和发动机.法兰和轴端装配的尺寸和识别代码.第1部分:用米制单位表示的英寸系列JIS B2292-2-2000 液压传动.正排量泵和发动机.法兰和轴端装配的尺寸和识别代码.第2部分:两孔和四孔法兰及轴端.米制系列JIS B2292-3-2000 液压传动.正排量泵和发动机.法兰和轴端装配的尺寸和识别代码.第3部分:多边法兰(包括圆形法兰)JIS B2293-2000 真空技术.管道配件.装配尺寸JIS B2301-2004 螺纹式可锻铸铁管接头JIS B2302-1998 螺旋式钢管配件JIS B2303-1995 螺纹连接式排水管接头JIS B2308-2002 不锈钢螺纹配件JIS B2311 AMD 1-2001 一般用途钢制对焊管配件(修改件1)JIS B2311-1997 一般用途钢制对焊管配件JIS B2312 AMD 1-2001 钢制对焊管配件(修改件1)JIS B2312-1997 钢制对焊管配件JIS B2313 AMD 1-2001 钢板制对焊管配件(修改件1)JIS B2313-1997 钢板制对焊管配件JIS B2316-1997 钢制套筒式焊接管配件JIS B2321-1995 铝及铝合金对焊接管接头JIS B2351-1 ERRATUM 1-2000 液动和通用金属管接头.第1部分:24度SIGN压合配件(勘误1)JIS B2351-1 ERRATUM 2-2002 液压和通用金属管接头.第1部分:24度SIGN压合配件(勘误2)JIS B2351-1-2000 液压和通用金属管接头.第1部分.24度SIGN压合接头JIS B2351-5-2000 液压和通用金属管接头.第5部分.螺纹液压接头试验方法JIS B2352-1994 波纹管式伸缩管接头JIS B2355-1-2000 液压和通用金属管接头.带ISO261螺纹和O环密封孔和螺栓.第1部分:平头处有O环密封的孔JIS B2355-2-2000 液压和通用金属管接头.带ISO261螺纹和O环密封孔和螺栓.第2部分:重负载螺栓端.尺寸设计试验方法和要求JIS B2355-3-2000 液压和通用金属管接头.带ISO261螺纹和O环密封孔和螺栓.第3部分:轻负载螺栓端.尺寸设计试验方法和要求JIS B2356-1-2001 液动和通用接头.弹性密封或金属间密封的有ISO 261螺纹的孔和螺柱端头.第1部分:螺纹孔JIS B2356-2-2000 液压和通用金属管接头.带ISO 261螺纹和弹性体或金属对金属密封的孔和螺栓.第2部分:带弹性密封的螺栓末端JIS B2358-1-2001 液动和通用接头.有ISO 261螺纹和O形环密封的孔和螺柱端头.第1部分:在平端罩中使用O 形环密封件的孔JIS B2401 ERRATUM 1-2001 O型密封圈(勘误1)JIS B2401-1999 O型密封圈JIS B2402-1-2002 旋转轴唇形密封件.第1部分:标准尺寸和公差JIS B2402-2-2002 旋转轴唇形密封件.第2部分:词汇JIS B2402-3-2002 旋转轴唇形密封件.第3部分:储存、加工和安装JIS B2402-4-2002 旋转轴唇形密封件.第4部分:性能试验方法JIS B2402-5-2002 旋转轴唇形密封件.第5部分:视觉缺陷定义JIS B2403-1995 V型密封件JIS B2404-1999 管法兰用螺旋衬垫的尺寸JIS B2405-2003 机械密封件.一般要求JIS B2406-1991 O型密封圈装配槽.设计标准JIS B2407-1995 O型密封圈的保护圈JIS B2408-1993 液体系统.密封装置.O形环.质量验收标准JIS B2409-2002 液压传动.密封设备.油压往复设备用密封件性能评定的标准试验方法JIS B2704 ERRATUM 1-2001 螺旋压缩与拉伸弹簧.设计要求和性能试验方法(勘误1)JIS B2704-2000 螺旋压缩与拉伸弹簧.设计要求和性能试验方法JIS B2706 ERRATUM 1-2001 碟形弹簧(勘误1)JIS B2706-2001 碟形弹簧JIS B2709-2000 螺旋扭转弹簧.设计要求和性能试验方法JIS B2710-2000 片簧.设计要求和性能试验方法JIS B2801-1996 卸扣JIS B2803-1996 吊钩JIS B2804 ERRATUM 1-2001 挡圈(勘误1)JIS B2804-2001 挡圈JIS B2808-1999 垂直弹簧销.凹槽型JIS B2809-1996 钢丝绳.钢丝绳或钢丝绞合线用线夹JIS B3000-1997 工厂自动化.词汇JIS B3102-2001 螺纹极限量规用块规JIS B3301-1989 莫氏锥形量规JIS B3401-1993 计算机辅助设计术语集JIS B3402-2000 计算机辅助设计制图JIS B3410-1996 技术制图.绘图机.词汇JIS B3411-1-1998 数字控制绘图机.性能评定制图试验.第1部分:矢量绘图器JIS B3411-2-2002 数字控制绘图机.性能评定制图试验.第2部分:单色栅格绘图机JIS B3412-2002 绘图仪.特别条款JIS B3420-1993 数字转换器.特别条款JIS B3500-1990 可编程序控制器术语集JIS B3501-1997 程序控制器.通用信息JIS B3502-1997 程序控制器.设备要求和试验JIS B3503-1997 可编程序控制器.程序设计语言JIS B3511-1999 可编程序控制器.现场网络标准(1级)JIS B3512-1999 可编程序控制器.现场网络标准的试验和检定(1级)JIS B3521-2004 FA控制网络标准协议规范JIS B3551-1998 可编程序显示.词汇JIS B3600-2004 工业自动化系统.制造电文规范.第1部分:服务定义JIS B3601-2004 工业自动化系统.制造电文规范.第2部分:协议规范JIS B3651-2002 工业自动化系统和集成.生产自动化编程环境(MAPLE).功能结构JIS B3652-2002 工业自动化系统和集成.生产自动化编程环境(MAPLE).第2部分:服务和接口JIS B3700-101 Technical Corrigendum 1-2002 工业自动化系统和集成.产品数据的表示和交换.第101部分:综合应用资源:绘图(技术勘误1)JIS B3700-101-1996 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和信息交流.第101部分:综合应用方法:绘图JIS B3700-105-1998 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和交换.第105部分:综合应用方法:运动学JIS B3700-11 Technical Corrigendum 1-2002 工业自动化系统和集成.产品数据的表示和交换.第11部分:描述方法:EXPRESS语言参考手册(技术勘误1)JIS B3700-11-1996 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和信息交流.第11部分:描述方法:EXPRESS语言参考手册JIS B3700-1-1996 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和信息交流.第1部分:综述和基本原理JIS B3700-201-1997 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和信息交流.第201部分:应用协议:显绘图JIS B3700-202-1998 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和交换.第202部分:应用协议:联合制图JIS B3700-203 Technical Corrigendum 1-2002 工业自动化系统和集成.产品数据的表示和交换.第203部分:应用协议:布局受控设计(技术勘误1)JIS B3700-203-1997 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和信息交流.第203部分:应用协议:布局受控设计JIS B3700-21-1996 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和信息交流.第21部分:实现方法:信息交换结构的专用正文编码JIS B3700-214-2003 工业自动化系统和集成.产品数据的表示和交换.第214部分:应用协议:汽车机械设计工艺用核心数据JIS B3700-22-2000 工业自动化系统和一体化.产品数据表示和信息交流.第22部分:应用方法.标准数据通路接口JIS B3700-224-2003 工业自动化系统和集成.产品数据的表示和交换.第224部分:应用协议:利用机械加工特性的加工计划用机械产品定义JIS B3700-225-2003 工业自动化系统和集成.产品数据的表示和交换.第225部分:应用协议:用明确形状表示的建筑部件JIS B3700-31-1996 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和信息交流.第31部分:一致性试验方法和框架:通用概念JIS B3700-32-2000 工业自动化系统和一体化.产品数据表示和信息交流.第32部分:一致性试验方法学和框架.检验实验室和客户的要求JIS B3700-34-2003 工业自动化系统和集成.产品数据的表示和交换.第34部分:一致性测试方法和框架.应用协议实施的抽象试验方法JIS B3700-41 Technical Corrigendum 1-2002 工业自动化系统和集成.产品数据的表示和交换.第41部分:综合通用资源:产品描述和产品保障的基础(技术勘误1)JIS B3700-41-1996 工业自动化系统和集成电路.产品数据表示和信息交流.第41部分:综合通用方法:产品描述和。

约克安特卫普规那么(中英对照)

约克安特卫普规那么1994（YORK-ANTWERP RULES, 1994）In the adjustment of general average the following Rules shall apply to the exclusion of any Law and Practice inconsistent therewith.一起海损理算，适用以下规那么，凡与这些规那么相抵触的法律和老例都不适用。

Except as provided by the Rule Paramount and the numbered Rules, general average shall be adjusted according to the lettered Rules.除首要规那么和数字规那么已有规定者外，一起海损应按字母规那么理算。

RULE PARAMOUNT首要规那么In no case shall there be any allowance for sacrifice or expenditure unless reasonably made or incurred.捐躯或费用，除合理做出或支付者外，不得受到补偿。

RULE A规那么AThere is a general average act when, and only when, any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure.只有在为了一起平安，使同一航程中的财产离开危险，成心而合理地做出特殊捐躯或支付特殊费历时，才能组成一起海损行为。

AS NZS 2210.2

AS/NZS 2210.2:2009
AS/NZS 2210.2:2009
Australian/New Zealand Standard™
Occupational protective footwear Part 2: Test methods (ISO 20344:2004, MOD)
AS/NZS 2210.2:2009 This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee SF-003, Occupational Protective Footwear. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 16 June 2009 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 26 June 2009. This Standard was published on 21 August 2009.
ISBN 0 7337 9212 X
ii ii
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee SF-003, Occupational Protective Footwear to supersede AS/NZS 2210.2:2000, Occupational protective footwear, Part 2: Requirements and test methods (in part) and AS/NZS 2210.2:1994, Occupational protective footwear, Part 2: Specification, as well as AS/NZS 2210.6:2001, Occupational protective footwear, Part 6: Additional requirements and test methods. This Standard is an adoption with national modifications and has been reproduced from ISO 20344:2004, ISO 20344:2004/Cor.1:2005 and ISO 20344:2004/Amd.1:2007, Personal protective equipment—Test methods for footwear and has been varied as indicated in Appendix ZZ to take account of Australian/New Zealand conditions. The Corrigendum and Amendment have been added after the source text. The objective of this Standard is to provide manufacturers and users with test methods for footwear intended for use in workplace applications. The objective of this revision is to adopt the current edition of ISO 20344. In this edition, the Committee considered that methods for testing toecaps alone be excluded from this Standard, in line with ISO 20344:2004 requirements. As this Standard is reproduced from an international standard, the following applies: (a) (b) (c) Its number appears on the cover and title page while the international standard number appears only on the cover. In the source text ‘this European Standard’ should read ‘this Australian/New Zealand Standard’. A full point substitutes for a comma when referring to a decimal marker.

Regulation of positive-strand RNA virus replication-The emerging role of phosphorylation

Available online at Virus Research129(2007)73–79ReviewRegulation of positive-strand RNA virus replication:The emerging role of phosphorylationAnna Jakubiec1,Isabelle Jupin∗Laboratoire de Virologie Mol´e culaire,Institut Jacques Monod,UMR7592,CNRS-Universit´e s Paris6-Paris7,2Place Jussieu,75251Paris Cedex05,FranceReceived27June2007;received in revised form20July2007;accepted20July2007Available online30August2007AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modiﬁcation that plays a fundamental role in the regulation of many cellular processes. Phosphorylation can modulate protein properties such as enzymatic activity,stability,subcellular localization or interaction with binding partners. The importance of phosphorylation of the replication proteins of negative-strand RNA viruses has previously been documented but recent evidence suggests that replication of positive-strand RNA viruses–the largest class of viruses,including signiﬁcant human,animal and plant pathogens–may also be regulated by phosphorylation events.The objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the various regulatory roles played by phosphorylation of nonstructural viral proteins in the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses.©2007Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.Keywords:Positive-strand RNA virus;Replication;Phosphorylation;RegulationContents1.Introduction (73)2.Phosphorylation can regulate interactions between viral replication proteins (74)3.Phosphorylation can regulate interactions between viral and host proteins within the replication complex (74)4.Phosphorylation and stability of viral replication proteins (76)5.Phosphorylation can regulate protein/RNA interactions (76)6.Phosphorylation can be involved inﬁne-tuning of replicase catalytic function (77)7.Concluding remarks (77)Acknowledgements (78)References (78)1.IntroductionPositive-strand RNA viruses account for over one-third of all virus genera(van Regenmortel et al.,2000),and include signiﬁcant human,animal and plant pathogens,e.g.the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS,hepatitis C virus (HCV),and tobacco mosaic virus.Upon infection of a cell, the genomic RNA isﬁrst translated to produce viral proteins,∗Corresponding author.Tel.:+33144274099;fax:+33144275716.E-mail address:jupin@ijm.jussieu.fr(I.Jupin).1Present address:The Rockefeller University,1230York Avenue,New York, NY10021,USA.including the nonstructural proteins involved in replication of the viral genome.Viral replication requires the assembly of replication complexes–intricate“factories”featuring the close association of both viral and host components in virus-induced intracellular membrane compartments(reviewed in Buck,1996; Ahlquist et al.,2003;Salonen et al.,2005;Sanfac¸on,2005; Nagy and Pogany,2006).Successful assembly of such replica-tion complexes is likely to depend on many critical interactions between viral RNA,proteins and lipids.Within these complexes, viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)plays a pivotal role,catalyzing synthesis of new viral RNA genomes from the original infecting RNA in a two-stage process:the incoming positive-strand RNA isﬁrst used as a template to generate a0168-1702/$–see front matter©2007Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.07.01274 A.Jakubiec,I.Jupin/Virus Research129(2007)73–79complementary(negative-strand)RNA,which in turn directs the synthesis of progeny positive-strand RNAs.As a general rule,a large excess of positive-over negative-strands is produced,but the molecular mechanisms regulating this observed asymmetry and its temporal control remain largely unknown(Buck,1996; Ahlquist et al.,2003).The fact that positive-strand RNA virus genomes can serve as templates for both translation and replica-tion also suggests a need to coordinate their use during the viral multiplication cycle.While signiﬁcant progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses,crucial details of many important regulatory steps remain to be elucidated.In recent years,evidence has accumulated suggesting that a number of viral nonstructural proteins are phosphoproteins. Phosphorylation is well known as a major reversible post-translational modiﬁcation of proteins,playing a fundamental role in the regulation of many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells.Activation of protein kinases and phosphatases provides a powerful means of controlling the phosphorylation state of a protein and consequently its biological function as phosphoryla-tion can modulate properties such as enzymatic activity,protein stability,subcellular localization or interaction with binding partners(reviewed in Cohen,2000).Increased knowledge about the phosphorylation of viral nonstructural replication proteins may broaden our understanding of the molecular processes in which they are involved,and help to unravel important regulatory pathways.The importance of phosphorylation of nonstructural proteins has previously been documented in the case of negative-strand RNA viruses(reviewed in Lenard,1999)but recent evidence suggests that replication of positive-strand RNA viruses may also be regulated by phosphorylation events.The objective of this review is to present an overview of current knowledge of the various regulatory roles that phosphorylation of nonstructural viral proteins can play in the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses(Table1).2.Phosphorylation can regulate interactions betweenviral replication proteinsThe formation of multi-protein complexes requires spe-ciﬁc interactions between the individual components.Theﬁrst evidence suggesting that phosphorylation might regulate inter-actions between viral proteins within the viral replication complex came from studies performed on Dengue virus type 2(DEN-2),a member of the family Flaviviridae(Kapoor et al.,1995).The NS5protein,which harbors motifs indicative of RdRp activity,was shown to be phosphorylated on ser-ine residues in virus-infected cells.Subcellular fractionation and phosphatase treatments revealed the existence of multiple forms of NS5due to different extents of phosphorylation,with the hyperphosphorylated form being located predominantly in the nucleus.Interestingly,coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the replication protein NS3–which contains proteinase and RNA helicase domains–interacted preferen-tially with the hypophosphorylated cytoplasmic form of NS5,suggesting that differential phosphorylation might regulate the interaction between NS3and NS5,and thus their participation as components of viral RNA replication complexes.Subsequently, yeast two-hybrid experiments revealed that the same region of NS5interacted both with NS3and with the cellular nuclear import receptor importin-beta,suggesting that NS3and importin might compete for interaction with NS5(Johansson et al.,2001). Kapoor et al.(1995)suggested that phosphorylation of NS5by cellular kinase(s)could cause the disruption of the NS3–NS5 complexes involved in viral replication in order to promote trans-port of NS5to the nucleus to fulﬁll an as yet uncharacterized function,but this remains to be demonstrated.Evidence for a link between phosphorylation and inhibition of an interaction between replication proteins has been estab-lished in the case of cucumber mosaic virus(CMV),a plant virus belonging to the family Bromoviridae(Kim et al.,2002). The2a protein encompassing the RdRp domain was reported to be phosphorylated in infected cells at a late stage of the repli-cation cycle and was also shown to be phosphorylated in vitro by membrane-associated host kinase(s).In vitro phosphoryla-tion assays carried out with truncated versions of the2a protein revealed the presence of at least three potential phosphorylation sites:one in a central region comprising the conserved RdRp catalytic core,and the other two in the N-terminal part of the pro-tein.Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that the N-terminal region is necessary and suf-ﬁcient for interaction with the replication protein1a,which contains motifs indicative of RNA-capping and helicase func-tions(Kim et al.,2002;Suzuki et al.,2003).Interestingly,in vitro phosphorylation of CMV2a protein(or its N-terminal region) led to inhibition of the interaction with the1a protein,raising the possibility that the phosphorylation status of the2a poly-merase might regulate interactions between viral proteins within the replication complex.Phosphorylation of the2a polymerase at a late stage of infection would thus prevent the formation of new1a–2a protein complexes,or induce disassembly of existing complexes.It is also possible,as suggested by Kim et al.(2002), that the pool of phosphorylated2a may have another function besides replication,such as interactions with host factors leading to virus movement or host defense responses.3.Phosphorylation can regulate interactions betweenviral and host proteins within the replication complex As viral replication complexes contain both viral and host components(Buck,1996;Ahlquist et al.,2003),it is anticipated that phosphorylation events could also regulate interactions between viral and cellular proteins.This idea is supported by recent studies on the NS5A replication protein of HCV, a member of the family Flaviviridae.NS5A is a multifunc-tional subunit of the replication complex,playing key roles in both viral replication and modulation of host cell physiology (reviewed in Macdonald and Harris,2004).Two phosphory-lated forms of NS5A,termed p56and p58,can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobility.The56kDa form contains unphosphorylated NS5A and basal phosphorylated forms aris-ing from phosphorylation at residues in the centre and near theA.Jakubiec,I.Jupin/Virus Research129(2007)73–7975 Table1Replication phosphoproteins of positive-stand RNA viruses and proposed phosphorylation-dependent functionsVirus Replicationphosphoprotein Proposed phosphorylation-dependentregulatory functionsReferencesBromoviridae CMV2a a Inhibition of interaction between viralreplication proteins2a and1aKim et al.(2002)1a?Kim et al.(2006)Flaviviridae BVDV NS5A?Reed et al.(1998)Flaviviridae DEN-2NS5a Inhibition of interaction between viralreplication proteins NS5and NS3Kapoor et al.(1995)Flaviviridae HCV NS5B a Enhancement of viral RNA synthesis Hwang et al.(1997),Kim et al.(2004)NS5A Inhibition of interaction between NS5A anda host protein hV AP-AKaneko et al.(1994),Tanji et al.(1995),Evans et al.(2004)Regulation of protein stability Pietschmann et al.(2001)Flaviviridae TBEV NS5a?Morozova et al.(1997)Flaviviridae YFV NS5a?Reed et al.(1998)Picornaviridae PV3D a?Ransone and Dasgupta(1989)Potyviridae PV A VPg Regulation of viral RNA synthesis Puustinen et al.(2002)Induction of pathogenesis in host organism K.M¨a kinen,personal communicationTogaviridae SFV nsP3Enhancement of viral RNA synthesis Peranen et al.(1988)Induction of pathogenesis in host organism Vihinen and Saarinen(2000),Vihinen et al.(2001) Togaviridae SIN nsP3Fine-tuning of viral RNA synthesis Li et al.(1990),LaStarza et al.(1994),De et al.(2003) Tombusviridae CNV p33Inhibition of RNA-binding Shapka et al.(2005)Fine-tuning of viral RNA synthesis Stork et al.(2005)Induction of pathogenesis in host organismTombusviridae TCV p28?Shapka et al.(2005)Tymoviridae TYMV66K a Regulation of protein stability H´e ricourt et al.(2000)Fine-tuning of viral RNA synthesis Jakubiec et al.(2006)Virus abbreviations:CMV,cucumber mosaic virus;BVDV,bovine viral diarrhea virus;DEN-2,Dengue virus type2;HCV,hepatitis C virus;TBEV,tick-borne encephalitis virus;YFV,yellow fever virus;PV,poliovirus;PV A,potato virus A;SFV,Semliki Forest virus;SIN,Sindbis virus;CNV,cucumber necrosis virus;TCV, turnip crinkle virus;TYMV,turnip yellow mosaic virus.a Viral proteins with the RdRp signature,corresponding to the catalytic subunit of the viral replication complex,?:unknown function.C-terminus,while the58kDa protein–referred to as the hyper-phosphorylated form–is phosphorylated within a serine-rich central region of the protein(Kaneko et al.,1994;Tanji et al., 1995;Huang et al.,2004).Hyperphosphorylation appears to be a highly regulated process that depends on the expression of other nonstructural HCV proteins(Kaneko et al.,1994).Several lines of evidence suggest that the phosphorylation state of NS5A can regulate HCV replication in cell culture: analyses of the spontaneous occurrence of adaptative muta-tions leading to substitutions of phosphorylated serine residues (Blight et al.,2000),engineered substitutions of putative phos-phoacceptor sites(Appel et al.,2005),and treatment with kinase inhibitors(Neddermann et al.,2004)revealed that,in most cases,a reduction in NS5A hyperphosphorylation correlated with enhanced replication of an HCV-derived subgenomic repli-con in cell culture.Such results imply that,in this context, extensive phosphorylation of NS5A is not required for its func-tion in viral replication,aﬁnding consistent with the fact that a derivative of NS5A whose phosphorylation was undetectable in vivo was still able to support replication of the HCV replicon (Huang et al.,2005).Interestingly,a possible molecular basis for the deleterious effects of NS5A hyperphosphorylation on viral replication was proposed by Evans et al.(2004),who observed an inverse cor-relation between the phosphorylation state of several NS5A variants and their capacity to interact in the yeast two-hybrid system with a host protein termed hV AP-A(for human vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A).hV AP-A–an integral membrane protein involved in intracellular vesicle trafﬁcking–has been proposed as a membrane docking site for assembly of HCV replication complexes(Tu et al.,1999;Gao et al.,2004).Strikingly,in the replicon system,NS5A muta-tions that impair the interaction with hV AP-A strongly reduce the efﬁciency of viral replication(Evans et al.,2004).Collec-tively,theseﬁndings support a model in which the deleterious effect of NS5A hyperphosphorylation on viral replication is due to disruption of the interaction with hV AP-A,which impairs the assembly of viral replication complexes on target membranes. This hypothesis is consistent with the observation that hyper-phosphorylated NS5A is found neither in afﬁnity puriﬁed HCV replication complexes(Waris et al.,2004)nor in the detergent-resistant membrane fractions proposed to be the site of viral RNA replication(Shi et al.,2003;Gao et al.,2004).As the exact function of p58in viral replication remains unknown,one might envisage that this form of NS5A plays a dis-tinct role in the virus life cycle,perhaps,as suggested by Appel et76 A.Jakubiec,I.Jupin/Virus Research129(2007)73–79al.(2005),during particle assembly.As NS5A is also thought to interfere with numerous cellular signaling pathways,including the interferon response,induction of apoptosis and regulation of cell growth(reviewed in Macdonald and Harris,2004),it is also conceivable that the hyperphosphorylated form of NS5A might be required for one or more of these functions.Phospho-rylation of NS5A is a conserved feature among hepacivirus and pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae(Table1),supporting the argument that phosphorylation plays an important role in the infection cycle of these viruses.4.Phosphorylation and stability of viral replication proteinsModulation of the function of viral replication complexes can also be achieved through differential cleavage of the pro-teins involved during the viral multiplication cycle(Lemm et al.,1994),or changes in their stoichiometry(Schwartz et al., 2004),presumably via modiﬁcations in the interaction network within the replication complex.In this context,protein stability is an important parameter and much evidence in recent years,has suggested that the replication proteins of positive-strand RNA viruses,e.g.the nsp4polymerase proteins of Sindbis virus(SIN) and Semliki Forest virus(SFV)(family Togaviridae)(de Groot et al.,1991;Merits et al.,2001)and the3D polymerase of hepatitis A virus(family Picornaviridae)(Losick et al.,2003)are sub-ject to speciﬁc degradation pathways.Indeed,the ubiquitination and degradation of HCV NS5B polymerase,has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on viral HCV replicon replication (Gao et al.,2003).The idea that stability of a viral replication protein could be inﬂuenced by its phosphorylation status wasﬁrst put forward in the case of HCV NS5A,as the p58form of NS5A was less stable than p56in HCV replicon-infected cells(Pietschmann et al.,2001).Another recent example is the case of turnip yel-low mosaic virus(TYMV),a member of the family Tymoviridae. TYMV66K protein,which encompasses the RdRp domain,was shown to be phosphorylated both during viral infection and when expressed in isolation,and several phosphorylated residues have been identiﬁed(H´e ricourt et al.,2000;Jakubiec et al.,2006). Two phosphorylation sites are located in the N-terminal region of the protein,within a PEST sequence–a conditional sig-nal for protein degradation(Rechsteiner and Rogers,1996)–that is invariably identiﬁed in this region of tymovirus RdRps (H´e ricourt et al.,2000).Infectivity assays revealed that mimick-ing phosphorylation of those residues had a detrimental effect both on the accumulation of66K protein and on viral replica-tion,thus it was proposed that phosphorylation of these sites may serve to regulate the accumulation level of66K via activa-tion of the latent PEST signal controlling the metabolic stability of the protein(Jakubiec et al.,2006).Mimicking phosphoryla-tion would lead to increased turnover of RdRp,which would thus become a limiting component in the replication machinery, resulting in the inhibition of viral replication.A recentﬁnding that mutation of these phosphorylation sites affects66K stabil-ity in vivo,whereas expression of the TYMV140K replication protein–reported to inhibit66K phosphorylation–led to its stabilization,supports this hypothesis(Jakubiec et al.,2006,our unpublished data).These results suggest that controlling the sta-bility of a viral replication protein may have a profound inﬂuence on the efﬁciency of viral replication,and highlight the role that other viral proteins may play in that regulatory process.5.Phosphorylation can regulate protein/RNA interactionsIt has long been known that phosphorylation of proteins can regulate their nucleic acid binding properties(Boyle et al.,1991; Mayrand et al.,1993),but evidence that phosphorylation can regulate interaction between viral RNA and replication pro-teins of positive-strand RNA viruses was reported only recently. The p33protein of cucumber necrosis virus(CNV),a plant virus belonging to the family Tombusviridae,is a nonstruc-tural replication protein involved in RNA template selection and recruitment into replication complexes.p33was recently demonstrated to be phosphorylated within CNV replication complexes(Shapka et al.,2005).Based on in vitro assays in which synthetic peptides are phosphorylated by membrane-associated host kinase(s)and/or protein kinase C(PKC),two phosphorylation sites were mapped to residues adjacent to the RNA-binding domain(Shapka et al.,2005).Interestingly,in vitro phosphorylation by PKC of recombinant p33,or amino acid substitutions mimicking phosphorylation,both reduced the ability of p33to bind the viral RNA in vitro,while a kinase treatment promoted release of the viral RNA from a prebound p33:RNA complex(Stork et al.,2005).These results suggest that phosphorylation of p33can inhibit its binding to viral RNA,presumably by neutralizing a positively charged motif in the adjacent RNA-binding site.Further insight into the poten-tial function of p33phosphorylation during CNV replication was provided by the characterization of viral mutants bear-ing phosphorylation-mimicking or phosphorylation-deﬁcient substitutions.This analysis revealed that mimicking phospho-rylation strongly impaired the activity of puriﬁed replication complexes isolated from yeast–a heterologous host support-ing tombusvirus replication–and also drastically inhibited the accumulation of viral products in infected yeast or plant cells (Shapka et al.,2005;Stork et al.,2005).Theseﬁndings are con-sistent with a model in which the phosphorylation state of p33 could serve as a switch during the replication cycle,allowing the binding or release of viral RNA.As suggested by Stork et al.(2005),in addition toﬁne-tuning of the replication process (see below),it is possible that phosphorylation of p33at a late stage of infection could prevent the assembly of new replication complexes,and/or promote the release of viral RNA from the existing complexes,rendering it available for other processes such as translation,encapsidation or virus movement.Conservation of putative phosphoacceptor residues within homologous proteins of other members of the family Tombusviridae suggests that regulation of RNA-binding by phosphorylation might be a common feature of viruses belong-ing to this family.Consistent with this suggestion,the homologous turnip crinkle virus-encoded p28has been shown to be phosphorylated in vivo(Shapka et al.,2005).A.Jakubiec,I.Jupin/Virus Research129(2007)73–79776.Phosphorylation can be involved inﬁne-tuning of replicase catalytic functionDuring infection,viral RdRps act in combination with other viral and host factors to catalyze synthesis of new viral RNA genomes.Phosphorylation might modulate various steps of the RNA synthesis process(i.e.template or nucleotide selection, initiation of complementary strand synthesis,transition from initiation to elongation,ﬁdelity,processivity of the enzyme or product release),and thus inﬂuence the efﬁciency,the ratio,or the timing of production of the different viral RNA species. There are now several examples in which phosphorylation of viral replication proteins or viral RdRp has been reported to ﬁnely tune this RNA synthesis process.The alphavirus nsP3proteins are nonstructural replication proteins involved in regulation of RNA synthesis(reviewed in Kaariainen and Ahola,2002),and the nsP3s of SIN and SFV were among theﬁrst positive-strand RNA virus replication pro-teins reported to be phosphoproteins(Peranen et al.,1988;Li et al.,1990).Both are phosphorylated on serine and threo-nine residues that map to a C-terminal hypervariable domain (LaStarza et al.,1994;Vihinen and Saarinen,2000;Vihinen et al.,2001),and phosphorylated nsP3was detected in cellu-lar membrane fractions enriched for viral replication complexes (Peranen et al.,1988;Barton et al.,1991)suggesting an active role for phosphorylated nsP3in alphavirus RNA replication. Consistent with this suggestion,SFV nsP3deletion deriva-tives with reduced or undetectable phosphorylation exhibited a decreased rate of RNA synthesis at early stages of viral infection in cell culture(Vihinen et al.,2001),while reduced phosphorylation of SIN nsP3caused by thermosensitive muta-tions correlated with decreased negative-strand RNA synthesis (De et al.,2003),opening the possibility that phosphoryla-tion of nsP3might have a regulatory function at this stage of the replication cycle.Recently,SFV nsP3was reported to carry neurovirulence determinants(Tuittila et al.,2000),and a phosphorylation-deﬁcient mutant displayed severely reduced pathogenicity in mice(Vihinen et al.,2001)suggesting that,in addition to a role inﬁne-tuning of the replication process,phos-phorylation of nsP3might also be involved in regulation of viral pathogenicity.Strikingly,in the case of CNV,a phylogenetically distant plant virus,analysis of p33phosphorylation mutants revealed that substitutions affecting the phosphorylation sites adjacent to the RNA-binding domain also altered the synthesis and rela-tive accumulation of the different viral RNA species produced during infection(Stork et al.,2005;Shapka et al.,2005).In par-ticular,phosphorylation-deﬁcient mutants displayed a change in the ratio of sgRNAs synthesized and showed a reduced ratio in positive-versus negative-strand synthesis.Thisﬁnd-ing opens the possibility that p33phosphorylation might be involved inﬁne-tuning of the viral replication process during early stages of the viral cycle.Interestingly,pathogenicity in plants was also affected,as a phosphorylation-deﬁcient mutant exhibited delayed accumulation and milder symptoms(Shapka et al.,2005).Similarly,substitutions affecting phosphorylated residues within the genome-linked VPg protein appeared to affect both replication and pathogenicity of potato virus A,a plant virus belonging to the family Potyviridae(Puustinen et al., 2002;K.M¨a kinen,personal communication).Phosphorylation-dependent regulatory mechanisms of the RNA synthesis process may also depend on the phosphory-lation status of the polymerase itself,as recently reported in the case of TYMV(Jakubiec et al.,2006).Remarkably,one of the residues identiﬁed as being phosphorylated during viral infection was mapped within the conserved palm subdomain of RdRp.This subdomain harbors the polymerase catalytic site and contains the conserved sequence motifs(A–E)found in all polymerases(Poch et al.,1989;Ferrer-Orta et al.,2006).The phosphorylated residue is located in the so-called motif A–pre-dicted to be involved in nucleotide recognition and binding–at a position that is strictly or highly conserved in two out of three subgroups of RdRps(Koonin,1991).Infectivity assays with viral mutants bearing substitutions of the phosphoacceptor residue revealed that mimicking phosphorylation abolished viral replication,while a phosphorylation-deﬁcient mutant was infec-tious but displayed a drastically reduced ratio of positive-versus negative-strand synthesis(Jakubiec et al.,2006).These results are consistent with the idea that phosphorylation of this residue within the palm subdomain is a dynamic process that may serve as a switch to control strand asymmetry during the replication cycle.Interestingly,the evolutionary conservation of this target residue from alphavirus to picornavirus RdRps(Koonin,1991) suggests that it may also constitute a phosphorylation target site in other viruses.Consistently,the existence of phosphorylated residue(s)within the palm subdomain of CMV polymerase2a and within the palm andﬁnger subdomains of HCV polymerase NS5B have been reported(Kim et al.,2002,2004),although the precise target sites remain to be identiﬁed.In the latter case, the isolation of PRK2(protein kinase C-related kinase2)as an interacting partner of HCV NS5B(Kim et al.,2004)supports the idea that NS5B phosphorylation can regulate HCV RNA repli-cation.Indeed,downregulation of PRK2expression by RNA interference was shown to inhibit NS5B phosphorylation in vivo and correlated with decreased accumulation of HCV repli-con RNA,whereas overexpression of PRK2had the opposite effect.These observations raise the possibility that regulation of viral RNA synthesis through phosphorylation of the polymerase protein might be a common feature of positive-strand RNA viruses,which is of particular interest given the essential func-tion of RdRp in viral replication,and the common architecture and mechanism of polymerase catalysis.7.Concluding remarksAlthough the identiﬁcation of phosphorylated proteins and residues remains challenging due to the low abundance of nonstructural proteins produced during viral infection and the substoichiometric and often labile nature of phosphorylation,it is likely that the recent progress in phosphoproteomics(Reinders and Sickmann,2005;Hjerrild and Gammeltoft,2006)will con-tribute to increasing the list of phosphoproteins identiﬁed among positive-strand RNA virus replication proteins.。

金康94中英文版

金康94英文版Time CharterGOVERNMENT FORMApproved by the New York Produce ExchangeNovember 6th, 1913 - Amended October 20th, 1921; August 6th, 1931; October 3rd, 19461 This Charter Party, made and concluded in ...................... day of .............2 Between ……… .….........……….....………..………….…………......as（disponent）3 Owners of the good . ........ Steamship/Motorship .....”111111 “........ of ........…..4 of .............. tons gross register, and ......... tons net register, having engines of ..........…………….........indicated horse power5 and with hull, machinery and equipment in a thoroughly efficient state, and classed ...... ..………….....6 at ..... of about........ cubic feet bale capacity, and about ........ tons of 2240 lbs.7 deadweight capacity (cargo and bunkers, including fresh water and stores not exceeding o ne and one-half percent of ship's deadweight capacity,8 allowing a minimum of fifty tons) on a draft of ....... feet ........... inches on ..……………...... 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All other fumigations to be for Charterers account after vessel has been on charter for a continuous period44 of six months or more.45 Charterers are to provide necessary dunnage and shifting boards, also any extra fitting s requisite for a special trade or unusual cargo, but46 Owners to allow them the use of any dunnage and shifting boards already aboard vessel. C harterers to have the privilege of using shifting boards47 for dunnage, they making good any damage thereto.48 3. That the Charterers, at the port of delivery, and the Owners, at the port of re-deliv ery, shall take over and pay for all fuel remaining on49 board the vessel at the current prices in the respective ports, the vessel to be delivered with not less than ..........…............ tons and not more than50 ......... tons and to be re-delivered with not less than ....... tons and not more than .. ..... tons.51 4. That the Charterers shall pay for the use and hire of the said Vessel at the rate of ……….…52 …. United States Currency per ton on vessels total deadweight carrying capacity, inclu ding bunkers and53 stores, on ............ summer freeboard, per day Calendar Month, commencing on and from the time day of her delivery, as aforesaid, and at54 and after the same rate for any part of a day month; hire to continue until the hour of the time day of her re-delivery in like good order and condition, ordinary55 wear and tear excepted, to the Owners (unless lost) at …… ………………...56 unless otherwise mutually agreed. Charterers are to give Owners金康合同’94中文译本．兹由第3栏所列的下述船舶所有人与第4栏所指的承租人，双方协议如下：船舶名见第5栏，总/净登记吨见第6栏，货物载重量大约吨数见第7栏，现在动态见第8栏，根据本租船合同作好装货准备的大约时间见第9栏。

世界世界世界世界

世界知识产权组织2004年国际专利制度PCT年度审查精明的专利授权方案www.wipo.int/pct/en2004年国际专利制度PCT年度审查目录导言 (1)PCT 缔约国 (2)2004年的国际申请件数 (3)名列前茅的原属国 (6)发展中国家提出的申请 (6)名列前茅的申请人 (7)作为受理局的国际局 (7)电子申请 (8)国际检索和初步审查 (10)申请/公布的语言 (11)技术领域 (12)国际局2004年收到的登记本数量 (13)在全世界举办的PCT研讨会及报告会 (15)2004年PCT的主要发展 (15)导言《专利合作条约》(PCT)体系为发明人和产业界提供一条获得国际专利保护的简便、具有成本效益的途径。

只要依PCT提交一份“国际”专利申请，即可同时在超过125个国家中的任何一个国家要求对发明进行保护。

PCT成员国的申请人和专利局不仅可受益于对发明的相关技术现状及其可否授予专利权所作的早期评估，而且还可受益于集中的国际公布和简化的形式要求。

评估可以让申请人更容易作出是否向各指定的专利局进行国家专利批准程序的决定，同时也有利于这些专利局作出是否授予专利权的决定。

世界知识产权组织(WIPO)谨在此介绍PCT在2004年──PCT申请量突破一百万件之年──的工作成绩。

PCT 缔约国2004年期间，有一个新缔约国──圣马力诺──自2004年12月14日起受PCT约束，从而使2004年12月31日前加入PCT的国家数目达到124个，具体如下：阿尔巴尼亚阿尔及利亚安提瓜和巴布达亚美尼亚澳大利亚奥地利阿塞拜疆巴巴多斯白俄罗斯比利时伯利兹贝宁波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那博茨瓦纳巴西保加利亚布基纳法索喀麦隆加拿大中非共和国乍得中国哥伦比亚刚果哥斯达黎加科特迪瓦克罗地亚古巴塞浦路斯捷克共和国朝鲜民主主义人民共和国丹麦多米尼加厄瓜多尔埃及赤道几内亚爱沙尼亚芬兰法国加蓬冈比亚格鲁吉亚德国加纳希腊格林纳达几内亚几内亚比绍匈牙利冰岛印度印度尼西亚爱尔兰以色列意大利日本哈萨克斯坦肯尼亚吉尔吉斯斯坦拉脱维亚莱索托利比里亚列支敦士登立陶宛卢森堡马达加斯加马拉维马里毛里塔尼亚墨西哥摩纳哥蒙古摩洛哥莫桑比克纳米比亚荷兰新西兰尼加拉瓜尼日尔挪威阿曼巴布亚新几内亚菲律宾波兰葡萄牙大韩民国摩尔多瓦共和国罗马尼亚俄罗斯联邦圣卢西亚圣文森特和格林纳丁斯圣马力诺塞内加尔塞尔维亚和黑山塞舌尔塞拉利昂新加坡斯洛伐克斯洛文尼亚南非西班牙斯里兰卡苏丹斯威士兰瑞典瑞士阿拉伯叙利亚共和国塔吉克斯坦前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国多哥特立尼达和多巴哥突尼斯土耳其土库曼斯坦乌干达乌克兰阿拉伯联合酋长国联合王国坦桑尼亚联合共和国美利坚合众国乌兹别克斯坦越南赞比亚津巴布韦注：科摩罗于2005年1月3日，尼日利亚于2005年2月8日加入PCT，因此2005年2月以前加入PCT的缔约国数目为126个。

比利时2004年国际私法法典评介

法学家2005年第5期[域外法与国际法]比利时2004年国际私法法典评介章少辉[摘要]2004年10月1日生效的比利时《国际私法法典》，以1987年的《瑞士联邦国际私法》为蓝本，在本国的零星立法、判例和学说的基础上，吸收了大量的欧盟立法和国际条约，形成了一部内容相当完善的法典。

对最密切联系原则的充分利用，当事人意思自治扩大适用，对外国判决和公证文书的完全承认原则，对和某些新近的民事制度的规定(如同居、同性结婚等)，构成了其主要特色。

[关键词] 比利时国际私法法典化{Al矧瑚ct]‰ing taken e饪＆t鹊of october1，2004，nle new蹦舀an Code of PIiv at e hlbem撕onal Law，has f01】owed‰e舢ple of‰1987‰ss Fed e r a l Act of蹦vate Intemational Law and drawn“es硒n VaIi 伽s pie ce s o f do In es tic le西sl at ion，c as e law，a I l d do c仃i n e．It dl so i nc or I)0m te S a si础icallt锄伽t of山e E 岫)peaIl Uni叽le舀slationand nonlls s e t o ut in va I io u s inte 删onaloomrentions，makjng i t a complete codification of王Hvate hltem ationa l Law．Itskeyc|la璃ct耐stics i n c lu d e m e f hU u s e of山e mo st si伊i6cant relati伽Iship pdncipl e，t}le great er ro咖舀ven to p￡而es’au—ton伽叮，tlle rec卿tion0f fo re ig n mlin铲wimout req u i ri n g exequatur，锄d tlleprovisions诎f☆new ci、r il iI l st it u ti on s，such a s[Ke删]legal eoh ab i t at i o n and s a I n e seX删age．Bel西岫；研vate intematioIlal 1aw；cod ifica tion2004年7月1日，比利时上议院通过了《关际私法规则进行法典化，并大量吸收了欧盟国际私于国际私法法典的法律》(以下简称比利时国际私法立法以及一些国际公约的内容。

ISO 14001 Standard 2004(美国标准)

.
An American National Standard Approved on January 10, 2005
American National Standards: An American National Standard implies a consensus of those
substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. .

日本标准JIS大全

日本标准JIS大全序号标准号标准名称1 JIS K 8833-1978 糠醛(FURFURAL)2 JIS Z 3233 ERRA TUM 1-2001 惰性气体保护弧焊用钨焊条(勘误1)((Erratum 1))3 JIS G 3303 ERRATUM 1-2003 JIS G3303的技术勘误1(ERRATUM)4 JIS W 0812-1993 飞行设备的环境条件和试验程序(RTCA/DC-160C)(Airborne equipment -- Environmental conditions and test procedures (RTCA/DC - 160C))5 JIS B 8367-5-2002 液压气缸的安装尺寸第5部分:单棒10 MPa系列、方盖、带棒紧型液压气缸(钻孔40 mm 至200 mm) (Mounting dimensions for hydraulic cylinders -- Part 5: Single rod -- 10 MPa series square cover and tie rod tightend type (Bores from 40 mm to 200 mm))6 JIS K 9517-1992 锌(Zincon)7 JIS K 8370-1992 铜(III)乙酸酯(Copper (II) acetate monohydrate)8 JIS K 4814-1969 苦味酸(246-三硝基苯酚)(Picric acid)9 JIS K 9053-1993 L-赖氨酸-盐酸盐(L(+)-lysine hydrochloride)10 JIS K 8453-1994 二乙醇胺(22-Iminodiethanol)11 JIS K 8695-1981 苯并[F]喹啉(Benzo (f) quinoline)12 JIS H 2105-1955 铅锭(Pig lead)13 JIS K 8824-1992 D(+)葡萄糖(D(+)-glucose)14 JIS L 2401-1992 黄麻纱(Jute yarns)15 JIS X 5101-1982 25路数据电路端接设备与数据终端设备间的接口(The Interface between Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) and Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) (25-pin Interface))16 JIS F 3425-1999 船用信号旗滑车(Ships steel blocks for signal flags)17 JIS K 8879-1994 试镁灵(Magneson)18 JIS B 1196-2001 焊接螺母(Weld nuts)19 JIS K 9024-1991 磷钨酸(12 TUNGSTO(VI) PHOSPHORIC ACID N-HYDRATE (PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID))20 JIS K 2219-1993 齿轮油(GEAR OILS)21 JIS B 9650-2 ERRA TUM 1-2003 JIS B9650-2的技术勘误1(ERRA TUM)22 JIS L 4112-2000 儿童开襟衬衣及青年开襟衬衣(Boys and youths open shirts)23 JIS F 3436-1980 船用小型钢索卷车(Ships small size wire reels)24 JIS B 9650-1 ERRA TUM 1-2003 JIS B9650-1的技术勘误1(ERRA TUM)25 JIS F 3443-1995 船用小型钢制滑轮(Ships small size steel blocks)26 JIS F 3430-1980 船用钢索卷筒(Ships wire reels)27 JIS B 2351-1990 25MPa(250Kgf/cm2)液压用卡套式管接头(25 MPa (250 kgf/cm2) bite type tube fittings for hydraulic use)28 JIS F 2416-1982 船用灭火器(Ships flame arresters)29 JIS F 2106-1995 船用普通链条(Ships chains for general use)30 JIS Q 10006 ERRATUM 1-2003 JIS Q10006的技术勘误1(ERRATUM)31 JIS A 1112 ERRATUM 1-2003 JIS A1112的技术勘误1(ERRA TUM)32 JIS K 9032-1995 间苯二酚(RESORCINOL)33 JIS T 5601-1993 牙科操作用椅(DENTAL OPERA TORS STOOL)34 JIS C 2805 ERRA TUM 1-2003 JIS C2805的技术勘误1(ERRATUM)35 JIS A 5422 ERRATUM 1-2003 勘误1((Erratum 1))36 JIS L 0216-1990 羽毛术语集(Glossary of terms used in feathers)37 JIS S 6037-2000 划线笔(Marking pens)38 JIS C 0364-4-41 AMD 2-2002 建筑物的电气装置第4部分:安全防护41章:电冲击防护(修改2)(Electrical installations of buildings -- Part 4: Protection for safety -- Chapter 41: Protection against electric shock (Amendment 2))39 JIS K 2541-1996 原油和石油产品硫含量的测定(Crude oil and petroleum products -- Determination of sulfur content)40 JIS R 3418-1991 窗扉和帷幔用玻璃纤维布窗帘(Textile glass fabric curtains for casement and drapery)41 JIS R 5203-1995 水泥的水合热的测试方法(Testing method for heat of hydration of cement)42 JIS Z 8809 ERRA TUM 1-2000 校准粘度计用标准液(勘误1)(Standard liquids for calibrating viscometers (Erratum 1))43 JIS B 9658-1990 精米机械安全及设计卫生标准(Design rules for safety and sanitation of rice milling machinery)44 JIS B 4142-2002 金刚石/CBN制品安全要求(Diamond/CBN products -- Safety requirements)45 JIS M 8231-1982 锰矿石中化合水含量的测定方法(Methods for determination of combined water in manganese ores)46 JIS T 5420-2000 牙周刮器Gr型(Periodontal curettes -- Gr-type)47 JIS T 6116-2000 牙科铸造用金合金(Dental casting gold alloys)48 JIS M 8213-1995 铁矿石酸溶铁(II)含量测定方法(Iron ores -- Method for determination of acid soluble iron (II) content)49 JIS L 2510 ERRA TUM 1-2000 尼龙缝纫线(勘误1)(Nylon sewing thread (Erratum 1))50 JIS Z 1703-1976 聚乙烯瓶(Polyethylene bottles)51 JIS R 1632-1998 精细陶瓷静态挠曲疲劳的试验方法(Test methods for static bending fatigue of fine ceramics)52 JIS P 5102-1992 打字机用复写纸(Stencil paper for typewriter)53 JIS K 2280-1996 石油产品燃料辛烷值、十六烷值的测定和十六烷系数的计算方法(Petroleum products -- Fuels -- Determination of octane number cetane number and calculation of cetane index)54 JIS T 1190-1987 重心稳定性测定仪(Stabilometers)55 JIS Z 0650-1995 成组货件系统的通用规则(GENERAL RULES FOR UNIT-LOAD SYSTEM)56 JIS Z 1624-1994 国际贸易用罐式液体和气体集装箱(Tank containers for liquids and gases for international trade)57 JIS S 5506-1994 办公用卷宗(文件夹和导卡)(Office files (Folder and guide))58 JIS Z 6000-1996 显微学词汇(Micrographics -- V ocabulary)59 JIS Z 4921-1994 X射线管电压测定器(Measuring devices for X-ray tube voltage)60 JIS Z 4819-1995 辐射屏蔽垫(Radiation shielding mats)61 JIS K 5101-1-4-2004 颜料试验方法第1部分:分散特性评估的分散方法第4节:钢珠研磨机(Test methods for pigments -- Part 1: Methods of dispersion for assessment of dispersion characteristics -- Section 4: A bead mill)62 JIS K 2204-1997 柴油燃料(Diesel fuel)63 JIS C 0447-1997 人机界面(MMI)驱动原理(Man-machine interface (MMI) -- Actuating principles)64 JIS K 7154-1-2002 塑料热固性粉末模塑复合物(PMCs)试样的注射模塑成形第1部分:一般原则和多用途试样的模塑成形(Plastics -- Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding compounds (PMCs) -- Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipurpose test specimens)65 JIS T 1453-1998 高频外科手术(High frequency surgical equipment)66 JIS Z 8202-3-2000 量值和单位第3部分:力学(Quantities and units -- Part 3: Mechanics)67 JIS K 3363-1990 合成洗涤剂生物降解度的试验方法(Testing method for biodegradability of synthetic detergent)68 JIS Q 14010-1996 环境审核指南总原则(Guidelines for environmental auditing -- General principles)69 JIS K 8968-1980 硫酸钴(二价)七水化合物(Cobalt(ii) sulfate heptahydrate)70 JIS B 7432-1985 角度标准用多面镜(Optical polygons for angle standards)71 JIS A 5525-1994 钢管桩(Steel pipe piles)72 JIS Z 2342-2003 压力试验过程中压力容器的声波发射试验方法和试验结果的分类(Methods for acoustic emission testing of pressure vessels during pressure tests and classification of test results)73 JIS C 1010-1-1998 测量、控制和实验室用电气设备的安全要求第1部分:一般要求(Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use -- Part 1: General requirements)74 JIS Q 9004 ERRATUM 2-2001 质量管理体系性能提高导则(勘误2)(Quality management systems -- Guidelines for performance improvements (Erratum 2))75 JIS R 7603-1999 碳纤维密度测定(Carbon fiber -- Determination of density)76 JIS A 1104-1999 集料的单容重和集料实积率的测定方法(Methods of test for bulk density of aggregates and solid content in aggregates)77 JIS Z 8719 ERRA TUM 1-2000 条件配色指数发光物颜色改变的条件配色度评价方法(勘误1)(Metamerism index -- Evaluation method of degree of metamerism for change in illuminant (Erratum 1))78 JIS C 6183-1992 纤维光学波谱分析仪的试验方法(Test methods of fiber-optic spectrum analyzer)79 JIS C 0364-4-473-1999 建筑物的电气安装第4部分:安全防护第47章:安全防护测量的应用第473节:过电流防护测量(Electrical installations of buildings Part 4: Protection for safety Chapter 47: Application of protective measures for safety Section 473: Measures of protection against overcurrent)80 JIS R 3203-1999 压花玻璃(Patterned glass)81 JIS B 7755-1993 金属材料用冲击试验机械装置(Impact testing machines for metallic materials -- Instrumentation)82 JIS A 5451-1995 石棉衬板(Rock wool sheathing boards)83 JIS A 6602-1996 联排式房屋用金属屋顶组件(Metal roof components for terrace)84 JIS K 5600-5-4 ERRATUM 2-2002 涂料试验方法第5部分:膜的机械特性第4节:刮擦硬度(铅笔法)(勘误1)(Testing methods for paints -- Part 5: Mechanical property of film -- Section 4: Scratch hardness (Pencil method) (Erratum 2))85 JIS A 6510-1994 建筑构件(钢制屋顶装配板)(Building components (Steel panel for roof))86 JIS A 8421-2-1998 土方机械装载机第2部分:规范的标准格式和试验方法(Earth-moving machinery -- Loaders -- Part 2: Standard form of specifications and testing methods)87 JIS F 7231-2003 造船钢制管形起动用压缩空气储罐(Shipbuilding -- Steel tube starting air reservoirs)88 JIS B 8279-2003 压力容器罩(Jacket for pressure vessels)89 JIS R 3416-2003 成品纺织玻璃纤维织物(Finished textile glass fabrics)90 JIS R 3422-1995 织物加工玻璃带(Textile finished glass tapes)91 JIS X 5802-1994 信息技术报文通信信息定向型文本交换系统(MOTIS)第2部分:整体结构(Information technology -- Text Communication -- Message -- Oriented Text Interchange Systems (MOTIS) -- Part 2: Overall Architecture)92 JIS C 5610-1996 集成电路术语汇编(Glossary of terms used in integrated circuits)93 JIS K 5101-11-2-2004 颜料试验方法第11部分:密度第2节:离心脱气法(Test methods for pigments -- Part 11:Density -- Section 2: Centrifugal degassing method)94 JIS Z 6001 ERRATUM 1-2000 缩微照相透明A6型缩微胶片图像排列(勘误1)(Micrographics -- Transparent A6 microfiche -- Image arrangements (Erratum 1))95 JIS H 4040 ERRATUM 2-2000 铝和铝合金杆材、棒材、丝材(勘误2)(Aluminium and aluminium alloy rods bars and wires (Erratum 2))96 JIS C 0031-1995 环境试验第2部分:试验试验Z/BM:干热、低压复合试验方法(Environmental testing Part 2: Tests test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests)97 JIS K 6347-3-2003 液化石油气用橡胶软管第3部分:分配软管及软管组合件规范(Rubber hoses for liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) -- Part 3: Dispensing hoses and hose assemblies -- Specification)98 JIS C 5101-18-1999 电子设备用固定电容器第18部分:分规范:用固体(MnO2)和非固体作为电解质的固定式铝电解质片层电容器(Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment Part 18: Sectional specification: Fixed aluminium electrolytic chip capacitors with solid (MnO2) and non-solid electrolyte)99 JIS C 0035-1996 环境试验第2部分:试验方法试验Z//ABDM:气候序列(Environmental testing Part 2: Test methods Test Z/ABDM: Climatic sequence)100 JIS C 8953-1993 光伏特性排列I-V的现场测量(On-site measurements of photovoltaic array I-V characteristics)序号标准号标准名称1 JIS S 6007-2001 黑板(Chalkboards)2 JIS C 0061-2000 火焰危害试验第2部分:试验方法第2节:针焰(喷射燃烧器)试验(Fire hazard testing -- Part 2: Test methods -- Section 2 --Needle-flame test)3 JIS K0107-2002 废气中氯化氢含量的测定方法(Methods for determination of hydrogen chloride in flue gas)4 JIS B 8656-2002 比例电动液压旁通流量控制阀试验方法(Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional bypass flow control valves)5 JIS B 0135-1993 起重机术语分类(GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO CRANES - KINDS OF CRANES)6 JIS B 8623-2002 冷凝机组的试验方法(Testing methods of refrigerant condensing units)7 JIS K 6766-1977 金属表面的聚乙烯薄膜的试验方法(Testing methods for polyethylenecoatings on metals)8 JIS K 0115-1992 分子吸收光度分析方法通则(General rules for molecular absorptiometric analysis)9 JIS T 7324-1989 医疗用小型高压蒸汽灭菌器(High-pressure steam sterilizers for medical use (small size))10 JIS Z 4701-1997 医用X射线装置通则(General rules for medical X-ray equipment)11 JIS B 0176-3-2002 螺纹加工刀词汇第3部分:槽(Threading tools -- Vocabulary Part 3: Chaser)12 JIS G 3352-2003 冷弯波纹钢板(Steel Decks)13 JIS B 7222-1991 16mm电影胶片的卷取装置及影片盘用轴尺寸(Spindles for 16 mm motion picture film spools and reels -- Dimensions)14 JIS L 1018 ERRATUM 1-2001 针织物试验方法(勘误1)(Test methods for knitted fabrics (Erratum 1))15 JIS C 3662-6-2003 额定电压450/750V及以下的聚氯乙烯绝缘电缆第6部分:电梯电缆和软连接用电缆(Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V -- Part 6: Lift cables and cables for flexible connections)16 JIS B 7110-1993 照相摄影中用玻璃滤色镜通用规范(Photographic glass filters -- General requirement)17 JIS B 7164-1997 16mm电影放映机(16 mm motion-picture projectors)18 JIS A 1129-1993 灰浆和混凝土长度变化的试验方法(Methods of test for length change of mortar and concrete)19 JIS A 1226-2000 土壤灼烧损伤的试验方法(Test method for ignition loss of soils)20 JIS B 1091-2003 紧固件验收检验(Fasteners -- Acceptance inspection)21 JIS Z 8750-1994 真空计校准方法(Methods of calibration for vacuum gauges)22 JIS M 7653-1996 便携式可燃气检测器(Portable type combustible gas detector)23 JIS X 4350-3-2003 信息技术JPEG 2000图像编码系统第3部分:移动JPEG 2000(Information technology -- JPEG 2000 Image coding system -- Part 3: Motion JPEG 2000) 24 JIS M 7650-1993 测长式一氧化碳探测器(Detector tube type carbon monoxide measuring instruments (Length-of-stain))25 JIS M 8701-1996 铁矿石手工取样方法(Iron ores -- Increment sampling -- Manual method)26 JIS Z 7302-4 ERRATUM 1-2000 来自于密化垃圾的燃料第4部分:灰分的测试方法(勘误1)(Densified refuse derived fuel -- Part 4: Test method for ash (Erratum 1))27 JIS A 8306-1990 土方机械工作部件移动时间的测量方法(Earth-moving machinery -- Test method for measurement of tool movement time)28 JIS A 1455-2002 地板覆盖物和已安装地板的抗静电效果测量和评价方法(Anti-static effect of floor coverings and installed floors -- Methods of measurement and evaluation)29 JIS B 7725-1997 维氏硬度试验试验机的验证(Vickers hardness test -- Verification of testing machines)30 JIS B 7410-1997 石油产品试验用玻璃温度计(Liquid-in-glass thermometers for testing of petroleum products)31 JIS C 3005 ERRA TUM 1-2001 橡胶或塑料绝缘线及电缆的试验方法(勘误1)(Test methods for rubber or plastic insulated wires and cables (Erratum 1))32 JIS K 5600-2-4-1999 涂料试验方法第2部分:涂料的特性和稳定性第4节:密度(Testing methods for paints -- Part 2: Characteristics and stability of paints -- Section 4: Density)33 JIS Z 3420-2003 金属材料焊接过程的规范及认可总则(Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials -- General rules)34 JIS K 6890-1995 聚四氟乙烯管材(POL YTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE TUBES)35 JIS A 5361 ERRA TUM 1-2000 预制混凝土制品分类、命名和标记的通用规则(勘误1)(Precast concrete products -- General rules for classification designation and marking (Erratum 1))36 JIS L 1917-2000 由于织物表面硫的燃烧的试验方法(Testing method for burning due to surface flash of textiles)37 JIS C 8280-2003 爱迪生螺口灯座(Edison screw lampholders)38 JIS K 7557-1996 X射线用测辐射胶片(Badge films for X-rays)39 JIS K 5600-4-2-1999 涂料试验方法第4部分:膜的视觉特性第2节:遮盖力(深色涂料用)(Testing methods for paints -- Part 4: Visual characteristics of film -- Section 2: Hiding power (for dark-coloured paints))40 JIS K 5600-1-1-1999 涂料的试验方法第1部分:一般规则第1节:一般试验方法(调合和方法) (Testing methods for paints -- Part 1: General rule -- Section 1: General test methods (conditions and methods))41 JIS Z 8102 ERRA TUM 1-2002 不发光体颜色的名字(勘误1)(Names of non-luminous object colours (Erratum 1))42 JIS K 7244-6-1999 塑料动态力学性能的测定第6部分:剪力振动非共振法(Plastics -- Determination of dynamic mechanical properties -- Part 6: Shear vibration -- Non-resonance method)43 JIS S 0012-2000 包括老年人和残疾人在内的人群指南消费产品的可用性(Guidelines for all people including elderly and people with disabilities -- Usability of consumer products)44 JIS K 5633-2002 浸蚀性底漆(Etching primer)45 JIS K 7384-2002 塑料试验用聚氯乙烯(PVC)糊状物的制备行星式混合器法(Plastics -- Preparation of PVC pastes for test purposes -- Planetary-mixer method)46 JIS B 0001 ERRA TUM 1-2000 机械工程技术制图(勘误1)(Technical drawings for Mechanical Engineering (Erratum 1))47 JIS K 4126-1995 苯甲醛(Benzaldehyde)48 JIS K1201-2-2000 工业用碳酸钠第2部分:250℃时非挥发性物质质量损失的测定(Sodium carbonate for industrial use -- Part 2: Determination of loss of mass and of non-volatile matter at 250 degree C)49 JIS A 5537 ERRATUM 1-2003 JIS A5537的技术勘误1(JIS A 5537:2003/Erratum)50 JIS K 4135-1995 7-氨基-4-羟基-2-萘磺酸(J-酸) (7-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid (j-acid))51 JIS T 1117-1988 长时间心电图携带式记录装置(电量心电仪)(Ambulatory ECG recording system (holter system))52 JIS D 5712-1973 汽车警报蜂鸣器(Warning buzzers for automobiles)53 JIS K 5600-4-4-1999 涂料试验方法:第4部分:膜的视觉特性第4节:比色法(原理)(Testing methods for paints -- Part 4: Visual characteristics of film -- Section 4: Colorimetry (Principles))54 JIS K 0142-2000 表面化学分析信息格式(Surface chemical analysis -- Information formats)55 JIS L 0868-1995 耐甲醛色牢度试验方法(Test method for colour fastness to formaldehyde)56 JIS M 8100-1992 松散物料取样方法通则(Particulate materials -- General rules for methods of sampling)57 JIS D 0111-1992 与汽车悬挂装置有关的术语汇编(Glossary of terms relating to suspension of automobiles)58 JIS B 9514-2002 记时器性能检验方法(Test methods for time recorders)59 JIS Z 4808-2002 操作放射性物质的手套箱(Glove box for handling of radioactive substance)60 JIS H 1067-2002 铜中氧含量的测定方法(Methods for determination of oxygen in copper)61 JIS K 1501-1993 甲醇(Methanol)62 JIS K 5600-3-6-1999 涂料试验方法第3部分:成膜性第6节:涂料弗里试验(Testing methods for paints -- Part 3: Film formability -- Section 6: Print free test)63 JIS K 7139-1996 塑料多用途试样(Plastics -- Multipurpose test specimens)64 JIS S 5002-1995 粗帆布靴和鞋(Canvas boots and shoes)65 JIS B 6157-1993 永磁卡盘(PERMANENT MAGNETIC CHUCKS)66 JIS C 3006 ERRATUM 1-2001 纤维或纸绝缘线的试验方法(勘误1)(Methods of test for fiber or paper insulated wires (Erratum 1))67 JIS K 5552-2002 富锌底漆(Zinc rich primer)68 JIS K 5101-1991 颜料试验方法(Methods of test for pigments)69 JIS C 8432-1999 非塑化聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)导管配件(Fittings of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) conduits)70 JIS G 7125-2003 机械加工用空心钢棒(ISO规范)(Hollow steel bars for machining (ISO specifications))71 JIS A 1112-2003 新浇混凝土的冲洗分析试验方法(Method of test for washing analysis of fresh concrete)72 JIS X 0811 ERRATUM 1-2002 GEDI通用电子文献交换(勘误1)(GEDI -- Generic Electronic Document Interchange (Erratum 1))73 JIS K 7081-1993 碳纤维增强塑料暴露在自然气候下的试验方法(Testing method for exposure to natural weathering of carbon fibre reinforced plastic)74 JIS K 7240-1999 塑料酚-甲醛模塑游离酚的测定碘量法(Plastics -- Phenol-formaldehyde mouldings -- Determination of free phenols -- Iodometric method)75 JIS L 0212-2-1999 织物术语汇编(不包括衣物)第2部分:室内装饰品(Glossary of textile terms (except clothes) -- Part 2: Textile interior products)76 JIS K 2536-5-2003 液态石油产品成分的测试方法第5部分:用气相色谱法测定氧化物含量(Liquid petroleum products -- Testing method of components Part 5: Determination of oxygenate compounds by gas chromatography)77 JIS K 5628-2002 铅丹铬酸锌防腐涂料(Red-lead zinc chromate anticorrosive paint)78 JIS Z3198-4-2003 无铅焊剂的试验方法第4部分:用湿平衡法和接触角法测试钎焊性的试验方法(Test methods for lead-free solders -- Part 4: Methods for solderbility test by a wetting balance method and a contact angle method)79 JIS B 2704 ERRA TUM 1-2001 螺旋压缩与拉伸弹簧设计要求和性能试验方法(勘误1)(Helical compression and extension springs -- Requirements for design performance test method (Erratum 1))80 JIS C8283-1-2003 家用和类似通用器具耦合器第1部分:一般要求(Appliances couplers for household and similar general purposes -- Part 1: General requirements)81 JIS K9806 ERRA TUM 1-2002 三羟基(N-(三(羟基)甲基)甘氨酸)(勘误1)(Tricine(N-(Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl)glycine) (Erratum 1))82 JIS K7085-1993 碳纤维增强塑料的多轴向冲击特性的试验方法(Testing method for multiaxial impact behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced plastics)83 JIS K8575-1994 氢氧化钙(CALCIUM HYDROXIDE)84 JIS K8980-1995 硫酸汞(II)试剂(MERCURY (II) SULFATE)85 JIS T3205-1980 尿道注入器(Urethral injection syringe)86 JIS K 5600-3-4-1999 涂料试验方法第3部分:成膜性第4节:涂于某一表面的产品的亲合性评估(Testing methods for paints -- Part 3: Film formability -- Section 4: Evaluation of the compatibility of product with a surface to be painted)87 JIS K 5600-4-6-1999 涂料试验方法:第4部分:膜的视觉特性第6节:比色法(颜色差别的计算)(Testing methods for paints -- Part 4: Visual characteristics of film -- Section 6: Colorimetry (Calculation of colour differences))88 JIS B 3700-225-2003 工业自动化系统和集成产品数据的表示和交换第225部分:应用协议:用明确形状表示的建筑部件(Industrial automation systems and integration -- Product data representation and exchange -- Part 225: Application protocol: Building elements using explicit shape representation)89 JIS K 4147-1995 5-氨基-2-氯甲苯-4-磺酸(C酸)(5-Amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic acid(C acid))90 JIS D 0006-2-2000 土方机械引擎第2部分:柴油机试验方法和规范的标准格式(Earth-moving machinery -- Engines -- Part 2: Standard format of specifications and tests methods of diesel engines)91 JIS D9112-1991 自行车轮胎尺寸(Cycle -- Tyres -- Dimensions)92 JIS B 8605-2002 致冷装置的截止阀(Stop valves for refrigerants)93 JIS B 5119-2003 成型模用圆定位部件和垫块(Round locating elements and spacers for moulds)94 JIS K 4165-1995 7-苯胺基-4羟基-2-萘磺酸(苯基J 酸)(7-Anilino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Phenyl J-acid))95 JIS K 1409-1994 化学纤维用二氧化钛(Titanium dioxide for chemical fiber)96 JIS Z 3060-2002 铁素体钢焊缝的超声检验方法(Method for ultrasonic examination for welds of ferritic steel)97 JIS K 3361-1979 化学纤维用高级醇类整理剂的试验方法(Method of testing for finishing agent of higher alcohols for synthetic fibers)98 JIS E 4010-1985 铁路车辆及铁路车辆零部件的符号(Symbols for railway rolling stock and railway rolling stock parts)99 JIS E 2101-1990 带沟硬铜滑接导线(Hard-drawn grooved trolley wires)100 JIS K 5600-5-4-1999 涂料试验方法:第5部分:膜的机械特性第4节:刮擦硬度(铅笔法)(Testing methods for paints -- Part 5: Mechanical property of film -- Section 4: Scratch hardness (Pencil method)序号标准号标准名称1 JIS Z 3201-2001 低碳钢用气焊条(Gas welding rods for mild steel)2 JIS K 7209-2000 塑料吸水率的测定(Plastics -- Determination of water absorption)3 JIS K 7113-1995 塑料抗拉伸性的试验方法(Testing method for tensile properties of plastics)4 JIS K 3810-2-2003 支原体检测方法第2部分:非直接DNA染色检验法(Mycoplasmadetection methods -- Part 2: Indirect DNA staining assay)5 JIS K 7363-1999 塑料风化试验中辐射的仪器测定通用指南和规范基础(Plastics -- Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests -- General guidance and basic test method)6 JIS K 7372-2000 塑料氯乙烯乙酸基乙烯酯共聚物乙酸基乙烯酯的测定(Plastics -- Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers -- Determination of vinyl acetate)7 JIS W 0113 ERRA TUM 1-2002 飞行动力学概念、量及符号第3部分:力、力矩及其系数的导数(Flight dynamics -- Concepts quantities and symbols -- Part 3: Derivatives of forces moments and their coefficients (Erratum 1))8 JIS C 3342 ERRA TUM 1-2001 600 V 聚氯乙烯绝缘铠装电缆(勘误1)(600 V Polyvinyl chloride insulated and sheathed cables (Erratum 1))9 JIS K 5600-5-10-1999 涂料试验方法:第5部分:膜的机械特性第10节:磨损抗性试验(往复试验控制板法)(Testing methods for paints -- Part 5: Mechanical property of film -- Section 10: Abrasion resistance (Reciprocating test panel method))10 JIS K 6304-1994 自行车用内胎(INNER TUBES FOR BICYCLES TYPES)11 JIS T 0601-1-2-2002 医用电气设备第1部分:安全的一般要求2辅助标准:电磁兼容性试验和要求(Medical electrical equipment -- Part 1: General requirements for safety -- 2 Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility -- Requirements and tests)12 JIS Z 2101-1994 木材试验方法(METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD)13 JIS K 4133-1995 对氨基萘磺酸钠(Sodium naphthionate)14 JIS K 0603-2000 免疫球蛋白定量分析方法(Proteins -- Immunoglobulin -- Methods for quantitative analysis)15 JIS K 5646 ERRATUM 1-2002 漆分树脂内层涂料(勘误1)(Cashew resin undercoats (Erratum 1))16 JIS K7313-1-2000 塑料聚苯醚(PPE)模塑和挤压材料第1部分:名称与符号系统和规范基础(Plastics -- Polyphenylene ether (PPE) moulding and extrusion materials -- Part 1: Designation system and basis for specifications)17 JIS K 1510-1993 季戊四醇(Pentaerythritol)18 JIS K 1201-4-2000 工业用碳酸钠第4部分:氯化钠含量的测定改进的伏哈德电位测量法(Sodium carbonate for industrial use -- Part 4: Determination of sodium chloride content -- Modified volhard method potentiometric method)19 JIS R 6211-14-2003 粘合磨料产品尺寸第14部分:在角度式砂轮机上用清理和去毛刺砂轮(Bonded abrasive products -- Dimensions -- Part 14: Grinding wheels for deburring and fettling/snagging on an angle grinder)20 JIS C 8309-1999 挠性金属管道(Pliable metal conduits)21 JIS K 4822-2001 爆炸物稳定性试验用试剂(Reagents for stability tests of explosives)22 JIS B 8325-2003 水池用潜水泵(Submersible motor pumps for sump)23 JIS K 7370-2000 塑料聚氯乙烯树脂压实视松装密度的测定(Plastics -- PVC Resins -- Determination of compacted apparent bulk density)24 JIS K 7559-1996 通用测辐射胶片(Universal Badge films25 JIS W 7203-1984 飞行器电气系统飞行试验一般要求(Flight testing of electric systems in aircraft general requirements for)26 JIS T 9111-1-2000 橡胶避孕套第1部分:要求(Rubber condoms -- Part 1: Requirements)27 JIS K 1427-1983 亚硝酸钠(Sodium nitrite)28 JIS A 1129-3-2001 灰浆和混凝土长度变化的试验方法第3部分:千分表法(Methods of test for length change of mortar and concrete Part 3: Method with dial gague)29 JIS K 4180-1995 邻-硝基茴香醚(ortho-Nitroanisole)30 JIS D 1036-2003 摩托车和机动自行车用惯性滑行法测定框架测力计上的道路荷载(Motorcycles and mopeds -- Road load setting on chassis dynamometer by coastdown method)31 JIS K 1321-1994 硫酸(Sulfuric acid)32 JIS K 5600-8-2-1999 涂料试验方法:第8部分:涂料涂层变坏的评价第2节:起泡程度标识(Testing methods for paints -- Part 8: Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings -- Section 2: Designation of degree of blistering)33 JIS W 0125-3-2000 航空流体系统词汇第3部分:与温度有关的术语和定义(Aerospace -- Fluid systems -- Vocabulary -- Part 3: General terms and definitions relating to temperature)34 JIS K 7111-1996 塑料摆式冲击强度测定(Plastics -- Determination of charpy impact strength)35 JIS K 7243-1996 环氧树脂中无机氯测定(Determination of inorganic chlorine in epoxide resins)36 JIS C 9335-2-15-2004 家用和类似用途电器的安全第2-15部分:加热液体用装置的特殊要求(Household and similar electrical appliances -- Safety -- Part 2-15: Particular requirements for appliances for heating liquids)37 JIS B 7951-1998 大气中一氧化碳的连续分析仪(Continuous analyzer for carbon monoxide in ambient air)38 JIS K 6751-1-1999 邻苯二甲酸脂的试验方法第1部分:总则(Testing methods for phthalic esters -- Part 1: General)39 JIS K 1200-9-1-2000 工业用氢氧化钠第9部分:镁含量的测定第1节:火焰原子吸收分光光度法(Sodium hydroxide for industrial use -- Part 9: Determination of magnesium content -- Section 1: Flame atomic absorption spectrometry)40 JIS K 4142-1995 氯苯胺类(邻氯苯胺、对氯苯胺)(Chloroanilines (ortho-Chloroanilinepara-Chloroaniline))41 JIS A 1480-2002 建筑物用隔热材料和产品测定标称和设计热值的方法(Thermal insulating materials and products for buildings -- Procedures for determining declared and design thermal values)42 JIS Z 2244-2003 维氏硬度试验试验方法(Vickers hardness test -- Test method)43 JIS B 3700-202-1998 工业自动化系统和集成电路产品数据表示和交换第202部分:应用协议:联合制图(Industrial automation systems and integration -- Product data representation and exchange -- Part 202: Application protocol: Associative draughting)44 JIS L 6312-1999 提花织造用带综眼丝综(Twin wire healds with inset mail for jacquard weaving)45 JIS K 7220-1999 泡沫塑料硬质材料的压缩试验(Cellular plastics -- Compression test for rigid materials)46 JIS B 8372-1-2003 液压动力压缩空气压力调节器和过滤器调节器第1部分:包括用户和产品制作要求资料中的主要特征(Pneumatic fluid power -- Compressed air pressure regulators and filter-regulators -- Part 1: Main characteristics to be included in literature from suppliers and product-making requirements)47 JIS Z 2285-2003 金属材料线性热膨胀系数的测量方法(Measuring method of coefficient of linear thermal expansion of metallic materials)48 JIS H 1611-2001 钛及钛合金化学分析方法通则(Titanium and titanium alloys -- General rules for chemical analysis)49 JIS B 3700-224-2003 工业自动化系统和集成产品数据的表示和交换第224部分:应用协议:利用机械加工特性的加工计划用机械产品定(Industrial automation systems and integration -- Product data representation and exchange -- Part 224: Application protocol: Mechanical product definition for process planning using machining features)50 JIS Z 9103-1995 安全色总规范(SAFETY COLOURS - GENERAL SPECIFICATION)51 JIS A1 101-1998 混凝土塌落度的试验方法(Method of test for slump of concrete)52 JIS K 5401-1969 用铅笔划痕的涂膜试验机(Pencil scratch tester for coated film)53 JIS Z2332-1993 压力变化测量漏泄用试验方法(Test method for leaks using the pressure change measurement)54 JIS L 4406-2000 瓷砖铺面(Tile carpet)55 JIS A 5364 ERRA TUM 1-2000 预制混凝土制品材料和制品方法的通用规则(Precast concrete products -- General rules of materials and product methods (Erratum 1))56 JIS B 7118-1994 照相机用三脚架(Tripods for cameras)57 JIS A1144-2001 新浇混凝土水中氯化物浓度的试验方法(Methods of test for chloride concentration in water of fresh concrete)58 JIS K 1560-1994 1112-四氟甲烷(HFC-134a) (1 1 1 2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a))59 JIS W 7007-1991 飞行器地面供给电源一般要求(Aircraft -- Ground support electrical supplies -- General requirements)60 JIS S3018-2002 燃油洗浴用锅炉(Oil burning bath boilers)61 JIS C 1603-1983 指示式电阻温度计(Indicating resistance thermometers)62 JIS B0671-3-2002 产品几何量技术规范(GPS)表面结构:轮廓法有分层功能特性的表面第3部分:利用材料概率曲线表征高度(Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties -- Part 3: Height characterization using the material probability curve)63 JIS B 8238-1994 液化石油气用压力调节器(Pressure regulators for liquefied petroleum gas)64 JIS T2617-1980 眼科剪刀(Eye scissors)65 JIS K1200-8-1-2000 工业用氢氧化钠第8部分:钙含量的测定第1节:火焰原子吸收分光光度法(Sodium hydroxide for industrial use -- Part 8: Determination of calcium content -- Section 1: Flame atomic absorption spectrometry)66 JIS Z 6016-2003 纸本文献及缩微文献的的电子成像过程(Electronic imaging process of paper documents and microfilmed documents)67 JIS W2924-2002 航空航天液压液的清洁度分类(Aerospace -- Cleanliness classification for hydraulic fluids)68 JIS C1901-1987 可编程测量仪器用接口系统(An interface system for programmable measuring instruments)69 JIS A7801-1994 防火用水泥砂浆的粉刷方法(Method of plastering of cement mortar for fire protection)70 JIS A9511-2003 预制泡沫塑料保温材料(Preformed cellular plastics thermal insulation materials)71 JIS K5101-5-3-2004 颜料试验方法第5部分:分散特性的评估方法第3节:光泽度改变的评估(Test methods for pigments -- Part 5: Methods of assessment of dispersion characteristics -- Section 3: Assessment from the change in gloss)72 JIS R 1801-2002 用FTIR测量红外线加热器用陶瓷辐射材料频谱发射率的方法(Method of measuring spectral emissivity of ceramic radiating materials for infrared heaters by using FTIR) 73 JIS A 1419-2-2000 声学建筑物和建筑元件内声音隔绝的比率第2部分:楼板冲击声音隔绝(Acoustics -- Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements -- Part 2: Floor impact sound insulation)74 JIS Z 2286-2003 金属材料高温旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法(Method for high temperature rotating bending fatigue testing of metallic materials)75 JIS B 8280-2003 非圆形横截面的压力容器(Pressure vessels of noncircular cross section)76 JIS B 7097-1986 摄影机镜头的ISO颜色组成指数(ISO/CCI)的测定(Determination of ISO colour contribution index (ISO/CCI) of camera lenses)77 JIS C 0364-5-551-1999 建筑物的电气设施第5部分:电气设备的安装和选择第55章:其它设备第551节:低电压发电装置(Electrical installations of buildings Part 5: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Chapter 55: Other equipment Section 551: Low-voltage generating sets) 78 JIS C 0364-5-52 AMD 1-2000 建筑物的电气设施第5部分:电气设备的选择和安装第52章:布线系统(修改件1)(Electrical installations of buildings Part 5: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Chapter 52: Wiring systems (Amendment 1))79 JIS C 1612-2000 辐射温度计的试验方法(Test methods for radiation thermometers)80 JIS C 1210-1979 功率表通则(General rules for electricity meters)81 JIS X 3009-2002 信息技术程序设计语言Ada(Information technology -- Programming languages -- Ada)82 JIS B 3502-1997 程序控制器设备要求和试验(Programmable controllers -- Equipment requirements and tests)83 JIS X 5731-1-2003 信息技术开放系统互连目录第1部分:概念、模型和服务的概述(Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- The Directory -- Part 1: Overview of concepts models and services)84 JIS G 3115 ERRA TUM 1-2000 中温用途压力容器钢板(勘误1)(Steel plates for pressure vessels for intermediate temperature service (Erratum 1))85 JIS B 7137-1990 生物显微镜承物台千分尺(Stage micrometer for biological microscope)86 JIS C 0052-1995 电气电子环境试验方法耐溶剂(浸泡)性试验(Environmental testing procedure of electronic and electrical resistance to solvents (immersion in cleaning solvents))87 JIS K 6404-2-3-1999 橡胶或塑料涂覆织物的试验方法卷料参数的测定第3部分:厚度的测定方法(Testing methods for rubber-or plastics-coated fabrics -- Determination of roll characteristics -- Part 3: Method for the determination of thickness)88 JIS Z 4606-1995 工业X射线照相检验装置(Industrial X-ray apparatus for radiographic testing)89 JIS C 3663-3-2003 额定电压450/750V及以下的橡胶绝缘电缆第3部分:耐热硅绝缘电缆(Rubber insulated cables -- Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V -- Part 3: Heat resistant silicone insulated cables)90 JIS C 1102-4-1997 直接动作指示模拟电气测量仪器及其附件第4部分:频率表的特殊要求(Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories Part 4: Special requirements for frequency meters)91 JIS C 0364-7-705-1999 建筑物的电气设施第7部分:定位或特殊安装的要求第705节:园艺场所的电气安装(Electrical installations of buildings Part 7: Requirements for special installations or locations Section 705: Electrical installations of agricultural and horticultural。

关于国际私法总则的若干思考(二)(1)论文

关于国际私法总则的若干思考（二）(1)论文（二）功能分析法典的真正功能，“正如今天的法学家所认识到的，并非仅仅是使过去法律发展的成果加上一个更美的和更权威的外形，而更多的是为法学的和司法的更高更新的起点提供一个基础。

” 国际私法总则是国际私法立法的重要组成部分，在整部法典中处于统领地位。

总则中的基本原则、基本制度和其他规定兼具立法准则、司法准则和行为准则三重功能与作用。

其中的基本原则还是克服国际私法立法局限性的工具。

1.立法准则的功能成文法首先约束的是立法者和司法者，而后约束的才是当事人。

国际私法总则的制定，为分则的具体规定指明了方向，总则中的基本原则在一定程度上制约着分则中冲突规范的制定，是单边的、双边的、选择性的还是重叠性的，同时也制约着管辖权规范和外国判决的承认和执行规范的制定。

国际私法总则规定得越开放、越开明，分则内容也相应地趋于开放、开明，反之亦然。

比如，基本原则的规定是着眼于一国利益还是国际社会利益，决定着分则中的法律规则采取的是单边主义、双边主义还是多边主义。

2.司法准则的功能法官在处理国际民商事案件，适用法律的过程中，除了要遵循国际私法分则所涉及的具体规定外，还必须根据总则的规定进行裁量，尊重各项基本原则，遵循各项基本制度和其他一般规定。

无论是案件性质的识别，反致、法律规避问题的处理，还是外国法的查明，公共秩序的保留，无一例外。

另外，如有区际、人际、时际冲突的，还要遵循解决区际、人际、时际冲突的一般规则，以便最终确定案件的准据法。

3.行为准则的功能法律是社会关系的调整工具，以人们的社会活动为规制对象。

而遵守法律是人们应尽的义务，也是法律具有强制性效力的体现。

人们因国际民商事活动而产生国际民商事关系，在这一过程中，人们必须以国际私法为行为准则，特别是要遵循国际私法总则中的基本原则和基本制度。

国际民商事活动必须符合公理性原则，选择法律不得规避强行法，不得与强制性规定相冲突，也不得违反公共秩序，查明外国法还要当事人出面或得到当事人的配合。

cisg公约全文-中英文

联合国国际货物销售合同公约第一部分适用范围和总则第一章适用范围第一条（１）本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同：（ａ）如果这些国家是缔约国；或（ｂ）如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律。

（２）当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之间的任何交易或当事人透露的情报均看不出，应不予考虑。

（３）在确定本公约的适用时，当事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑。

第二条本公约不适用于以下的销售：（ａ）购供私人、家人或家庭使用的货物的销售，除非卖方在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道而且没有理由知道这些货物是购供任何这种使用；（ｂ）经由拍卖的销售；（ｃ）根据法律执行令状或其它令状的销售；（ｄ）公债、股票、投资证券、流通票据或货币的销售；（ｅ）船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机的销售；（ｆ）电力的销售。

第三条（１）供应尚待制造或生产的货物的合同应视为销售合同，除非订购货物的当事人保证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部分重要材料。

（２）本公约不适用于供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供应劳力或其它服务的合同。

第四条本公约只适用于销售合同的订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权利和义务。

特别是，本公约除非另有明文规定，与以下事项无关：（ａ）合同的效力，或其任何条款的效力，或任何惯例的效力；（ｂ）合同对所售货物所有权可能产生的影响。

第五条本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成的死亡或伤害的责任。

第六条双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或在第十二条的条件下，减损本公约的任何规定或改变其效力。

第二章总则第七条（１）在解释本公约时，应考虑到本公约的国际性质和促进其适用的统一以及在国际贸易上遵守诚信的需要。

（２）凡本公约未明确解决的属于本公约范围的问题，应按照本公约所依据的一般原则来解决，在没有一般原则的情况下，则应按照国际私法规定适用的法律来解决。

第八条（１）为本公约的目的，一方当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应依照他的意旨解释，如果另一方当事人已知道或者不可能不知道此一意旨。

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