2020届高考英语山东省二轮复习训练题：04_限时组合练(四)

限时组合练（四）
限时:60分钟总分:100分
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A
(2019山东潍坊三月一模,B)
Hawking was perhaps the most famous scientist in the world when he died in 2018 at age 76.His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, sold ten million copies and made him an unlikely superstar even to people who sweated over high school science.
Humor was always a big part of Hawking's effort to bring physics to the masses. In his 2010 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he recounts how, in 1277, the Catholic Church declared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against God's idea.“Interestingly,”the text adds jokingly,“Pope John was killed by the effects of the law of gravity a few months later when the roof of his palace fell in on him.”
Hawking was only 21 when he was diagnosed with the disease ALS. For most people, the condition would have been a disaster. But Hawking rolled over hardship as if it were just a pebble under his wheelchair.“Life would be tragic,”he once said, “if it weren't funny.”He kept smiling even though he spent more than 50 years in a wheelchair.
“He loved adventure and fun,”says Mlodinow, who onc e took Hawking on a
punt-boat trip down the River Cam in Cambridge, England, despite the obvious danger of the boat turning over.“You know about when he went on the Vomit Comet? It's a plane that flies in a parabolic(抛物线的)path so you are weightless, like you are in space. A lot of people vomit, but he loved that sort of thing.”And he was 65 at the time.
Hawking's greatest hit, humor-wise, was probably the cocktail party he threw in 2009. It was a “welcome reception for future time travelers,”he said, so naturally, he sent out the invitations the day after the party. No one showed up yet. “Maybe one day
someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party, proving that time travel will one day be possible,” Hawking explained. And if that happens, don't be surprised if Hawking is there too. After all, he never missed a chance to have fun.
1.What can we learn about Pope John?
A.He was not in favor of God.
B.He was a scientist like Hawking.
C.He was opposed to the law of gravity.
D.He was killed due to the discovery of gravity.
2.What drove Hawking to go on the Vomit Comet?
A.His fondness of adventure.
B.The invitation from his friend.
C.The requirements of his work.
D.His desire for recovery from ALS.
3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.The cocktail party was a great success.
B.The possibility of time travel was not proved.
C.Hawking was a man who enjoyed holding parties.
D.The wormhole time machine was used at that time.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为人物介绍类记叙文。

介绍了霍金的生平、经历、成就和性格特点,尤其是他的幽默和智慧。

1.C推理判断题。

由题干中的about Pope John可定位到文章第二段。

该段说到天主教堂否认地球引力。

Pope John (天主教罗马教皇)作为天主教堂(the Catholic Church) 的代言人,肯定也是否认地球引力的。

故选C。

2.A细节理解题。

由题干中的go on the Vomit Comet可定位到文章第四段。

根据He loved adventure and fun可知,该段旨在说明他喜欢冒险,正是在冒险精神的驱动下,他才去坐Vomit Comet。

故选A。

3.B推理判断题。

由题干中的from the last paragraph可定位到最后一段。

根据该段中的Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party, proving that time travel will one day be possible可知,现在还未证实时空穿越。

故选B。

B
(2019河北“五个一名校联盟”高三下学期一诊,D)
Most people who own iPhones use them as their alarm clocks—making it very easy to check emails one last time before falling asleep and hard to ever feel away from work and social networks.
Several years ago, my boss fainted due to exhaustion after staying up late to catch up on work. She banged her head and ended up with five stitches (缝线)—and became what she called a “sleep evangelist (布道者)”. Now she leaves her phone on charging in another room when she goes to bed and encourages her friends to do the same.
“I sent all my friends the same Christmas gift—a lovely alarm clock—so they could stop using the excuse that they needed their very attractive iPhones by their beds to wake them up in the morning,” she said.
If your phone wakes you up in the morning, it may also be keeping you up at night.
A 2008 study showed that people exposed to mobile radiation took longer to fall asleep and spent less time in deep sleep. “The study indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals, components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from da ily wear and tear are severely affected,” the study concluded.
A quarter of young people feel like they must be available by phone around the clock, according to a Swedish study that linked heavy cell phone use to sleeping problems, stress and depression. Unreturned messages carry more guilt when the technology to deal with them lies at our fingertips. Some teens even return text messages at midnight.
Most of us choose not to set limits on our night-time availability. Nearly three quarters of people from the age of 18 to 44 sleep with their phones within reach, according to a 2012 Time poll. That number falls off slightly in middle age, but only
people aged 65 and older are leaving the phone in another room as common as sleeping right next to it.
4.Why did the author's boss start to enjoy sleeping?
A.Her friends encouraged her to sleep on time.
B.Mobile phones couldn't wake her up on time.
C.Her friends sent her a lovely clock to wake her up.
D.She got hurt due to working too late.
5.Why did the author's boss give her friends alarm clocks as Christmas gifts?
A.Alarm clocks don't give off any radiation.
B.Alarm clocks are better at waking her friends up.
C.She advised them to replace phones with alarm clocks.
D.She used alarm clocks to remind them not to work too late.
6.What can we learn from the 2008 study?
A.Mobile radiation makes people unable to fall asleep.
B.Mobile phones can release 884 MHz wired signals.
C.Sleep can help people fight against radiation.
ponents of sleep can be seriously affected by wireless signals.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为说明文。

文章讲述了现在越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边,这会严重影响他们的睡眠质量,有些人已经选择把手机放在其他地方来保
证自己的睡眠质量。

4.D细节理解题。

根据第二段第一、二句Several years ago, my boss fainted due to exhaustion after staying up late to catch up on work. She banged her head and ended up with five stitches—and became what she called a “sleep evangelist”.可知,作者的老板由于熬夜赶工而筋疲力尽晕倒在地,并且头部缝了五针,所以才鼓励大家多睡觉,因此作者的老板享受睡觉的原因是自己受伤的经历,故选D。

5.C细节理解题。

根据第三段“I sent all my friends the same Christmas gift—a lovely alarm clock—so they could stop using the excuse that they needed their very attractive iPhones by their beds to wake them up in the morning,” she said.可知,作者的老板送朋
友闹钟是为了让他们不再用手机当闹钟的借口而影响睡眠,用闹钟来替代手机,故选C。

6.D推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“The study indicates that during laboratory exposure to 884 MHz wireless signals, components of sleep believed to be important for recovery from daily wear and tear are severely affected,” the study concluded.可
知,2008年的一份研究表明,在实验中暴露于884赫兹的无线电波中,修复白天身体损耗最重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响,由此可知,无线电信号会严重影响睡眠质量,故选D。

C
(2018山东省实验模拟,D)
When it comes to mental illness, many people often find it tough to get the help they need. This is especially true for young students to make the transition(过渡) to college life.
“Sometimes, students don't realize how hard it is to adjust to college,”said Laura Smith, associate dean of students at the University of Texas at Dallas. “You're not the big fish in your classes anymore;you have all kinds of personal stress;you're away from home. Dealing with these things is not easy.”
Students who are going through these problems sometimes want to reach out. But if students don't feel comfortable seeking help, many feel that it's the responsibility of their university to help them.
“I really wish that there was more importance placed on how counseling(咨询) centers help students,” said Comnie Trinh. “Counseling services are just as important as academics and sports.”
Trinh, 27, graduated from Texas Woman's University in 2015. During college, she hosted various workshops on how to handle mental health conditions. Trinh used her own story to connect with students who might be facing similar problems. High academic pressures, cultural differences as an Asian American and stressful social situations stood out as some of the most common causes of Trinh's anxiety.
It was only after years of personal problems that she could admit that reaching out isn't a sign of weakness.
“If you feel you can't connect with other people around you, you should address the issue without shame,” Trinh said. “You'll find that there are a lot of people out there who sincerely want to help you.”
7.The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon.
A.college life
B.counseling services
C.mental health
D.cultural differences
8.What's Trinh's preferred solution to the problems mentioned?
A.Making self-criticism.
B.Handing the problems actively.
C.Solving the problems on her own.
D.Finding the causes of the problems.
9.What does the underlined phrase “connect with” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Get along with.
B.Join together with.
C.Be related to.
D.Get through to.
10.What can we learn from the text?
A.Counseling services help do research.
B.Adjusting to college life is a piece of cake.
C.Hosting workshops improves students' ability.
D.Being brave to get help is not a sign of weakness.
答案
[语篇解读]本文主要讲了面对精神健康问题时,很多人发现获得需要的帮助很困难。

实际上,勇敢地寻求帮助并不是软弱的表现。

7.C主旨大意题。

根据第一段When it comes to mental illness, many people often find it tough to get the help they need. This is especially true for young students to make the transition(过渡) to college life.可知,这篇文章中作者主要谈论了精神健康问题。

故选C项。

8.B推理判断题。

根据最后一段“If you feel you can't connect with other people around you, you should address the issue without shame,” Trinh said. “You'll find that
there are a lot of people out there who sincerely want to help you.”可推断出Trinh偏爱的问题解决方案是积极地解决问题。

故选B项。

9.A词义猜测题。

根据下文you should address the issue without shame可推断前半句的意思是“如果你感觉你不能和周围的人和睦相处”。

故选A项。

10.D主旨大意题。

根据倒数第二段It was only after years of personal problems that she could admit that reaching out isn't a sign of weakness.可推知勇敢地寻求帮助不是软弱的表现。

故选D项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

(2019山东青岛模拟)
A personal development plan is a way to set goals, gain insights (洞察力) into yourself and your skills, and determine a career or life change. It can be tough to gather motivation and think positively when you are trying to decide where to steer(引导) your life. 11
Think of the areas where you receive complaints or praise. For example, have you received ill remarks from someone about not being a good listener?12 Ask yourself about the areas in which you have been successful. What do you enjoy doing? 13On the other side, consider the things that you have not done well or have not enjoyed.
Write down the final objective for each focus area. Be specific and ambitious.
14For example, if one focus involves improving your public speaking skills, an action might be to give a 15-minute speech in public.
15Set deadlines for your short-term and long-term goals. When setting the deadline, be ambitious, but also consider the time that you will have.
A.Create a timeline.
B.Have a good mood.
C.And what have you done well?
D.In addition, include an initial action in each item.
E.Then mapping out a plan and a timeline will be beneficial.
F.If you focus on too many areas at a time, you won't be likely to meet the goals.
G.An example of praise might be your boss telling you that you are good at time management.
11.12.13.14.15.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为说明文,介绍了如何制订个人发展规划。

11.E本句引领下文。

下文介绍了制订个人发展规划的步骤,E项符合语境。

12.G本段指出,要想一想别人对你进行抱怨或表扬的方面,空格前举例说明了受
抱怨的事情,G项则举例说明了受表扬的事情,故G项符合语境。

13.C根据空格后的句子“另一方面,要想一下自己做得不好或者不喜欢的事情”可知,C项符合上下文逻辑,意为“还有,你哪些事情做得好呢?”,承接上文的问句。

14.D根据上下文可知,除了要设定明确、宏伟的目标外,还要加上每个目标的初步行动,故选D。

15.A本句为段落主题句。

空格后的句子意为“要为近期和长远目标设定最后期限”,deadlines为关键词,故A项(设定时间线)符合段落主题。

第二部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

(2019重庆七校诊断)
In the Orient, young bulls are tested for the fight arena (竞技场) in a certain manner. Each is brought to the ring and16to attack a fighter who sticks them with a sword. The17of each bull is then evaluated with care according to the number of times he shows his18to charge in spite of the sharpness of the sword. From now on I will recognize that each day I am19by life in this manner. If I persist, if I continue to try, if I continue to20forward, I will succeed.
I will persist until I succeed.
I was not21to this world in defeat;nor does failure exist in my vocabulary. I am not a22waiting to be killed by my shepherd. I am a lion and I23to talk, to
walk, to sleep with the sheep. I will not hear those who24and complain,25
their disease is infective. Let them join the sheep. The slaughter house (屠宰场) of failure is not my26.
I will persist until I succeed.
The prizes of life are at the end of each journey;not near the27. It is not given to me to know how many steps are28in order to reach my goal. I may still29 failure at the thousandth step, yet30hides behind the next bend in the road. Never will I know how close it31unless I turn the corner.
I will always take another step.32that is of no use, I will take another, and yet another. In truth, one step at a time is not too difficult.
I will persist until I succeed.
From now on, I will consider each day's33as one cut of my knife against a big tree. The first cut may not cause a shake in the wood;nor the second;nor the third. Each cut, of itself, may be tiny, and seem of no34. Yet from childish cuts the tree will 35fall. So it will be with my efforts of today.
16.A.allowed B.praised C.persuaded D.frightened
17.A.strength B.bravery C.temper D.weakness
18.A.freedom B.purpose C.power D.willingness
19.A.tested B.favored C.measured D.challenged
20.A.lean B.charge C.walk D.push
21.A.delivered B.marched nded D.followed
22.A.wolf B.sheep C.dog D.bull
23.A.prepare B.desire C.refuse D.hesitate
24.A.sneeze ugh C.sing D.weep
25.A.for B.and C.but D.so
26.A.heaven B.nest C.fate D.fancy
27.A.beginning B.middle C.corner D.deadline
28.A.successful plete C.necessary D.meaningful
e by e after e at e across
30.A.dream B.success C.glory D.fame
31.A.sits B.work C.lies D.lives
32.A.If B.Unless C.Since D.Though
33.A.delight B.effort C.vain D.sorrow
34.A.symbol B.manner C.evidence D.consequence
35.A.immediately B.eventually C.quickly D.frequently
答案
[语篇解读]只要坚持不懈、勇往直前,最终就会取得成功,这是我不变的信念。

每天努力一点,虽然微不足道,但是长期坚持就会得到你想要的结果。

16.A此处表示把它们带进竞技场内,让它们攻击用剑刺它们的斗牛士。

allow允许;praise表扬;persuade说服;frighten惊吓。

17.B根据公牛主动向前冲的次数来认真评估它的勇敢程度,故bravery符合语境。

charge意为“猛冲”,是勇敢的表现。

18.D willingness心甘情愿;乐意。

19.A作者由公牛想到了自己,自己也在接受生活的测试,根据上文的tested可知答案。

20.B句意:如果我坚持不懈、不断努力、勇敢向前,就会取得成功。

根据上文的charge可知答案。

21.A根据nor does failure exist in my vocabulary可推断句意为“我不是来到这个世界经历失败的,失败也不存在于我的词汇表中”。

deliver意为“生(孩子)”。

22.B shepherd意为“牧羊人”,由此可知句意“我不是等待被牧羊人宰割的绵羊”。

23.C根据I am a lion可知,“我”拒绝与软弱、任人宰割的绵羊说话、散步和睡觉。

24.D此处与complain(抱怨)并列,故weep(哭泣)正确。

sneeze打喷嚏。

25.A此处指出不听别人抱怨、哭泣的原因,故A项正确,因为这种病是有传染性的。

26.C上文指出我不是生来经历失败的,“我”的词汇表中没有失败一词,由此可推断句意为“失败的屠宰场不是我的宿命”。

27.A根据The prizes of life are at the end of each journey...可知,生活的奖赏是在每段行程结束时,由此可知并不是在开始的时候。

28.C根据下文的叙述可知,达到我的目标需要走多少步是不知道的。

necessary必需的。

29.D句意:在第1000步的时候“我”也许还会遇到失败,但是成功就隐藏在下一个拐角处。

come across遇到;碰见。

30.B与failure相对,所以答案为success。

31.C句意:如果我不走过拐角,就永远不会知道成功有多近。

lie位于,符合语境。

32.A根据语境可知此处引导条件状语从句。

此处指“我”总是会走出下一步,如果没有用,我会继续走下去。

33.B根据语境可知,作者将每天的努力比作砍大树一刀。

砍很多刀之后树木才会倒下,就好比我们努力很长时间之后才会成功。

34.D根据tiny可知,每砍一刀也许微不足道,好像没有任何效果。

symbol象征,符号;manner方式;evidence证据;consequence结果,后果,效果。

35.B根据语境可知,经过多次砍伐之后,树木最终会倒下的。

eventually最终;最后。

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2019陕西宝鸡中学一模)
The next time your brain refuses 36(recall) a simple fact or a name, be thankful. That's because according to the University of Toronto researchers Richards and Frankland, it could 37(possible) be a sign that your brain is getting rid of unnecessary information so that it can function more efficiently, and help you make better 38(decide).
The researchers say there are many studies 39(conduct) on how the brain stores information. However, it is only lately 40scientists have begun paying attention 41forgetting. Richards and Frankland, who 42(publish) their findings in April, 2017, have a theory about why the brain spends so much energy erasing memories.
In addition, the team believes that keeping too much detail could prevent us 43 (make) good decisions. “We all admire the person 44can win a quiz competition, but the fact is that our memory is shaped not to win a trivia game(知识问答游戏),but to make intelligent decisions,”Richards says.“And when you look at what's needed to
make intelligent decisions, we would argue that it's 45(health) to forget some things.”
36.37.38.39.40.
41.42.43.44.45.
答案
[语篇解读]多伦多大学的两位研究员发现,大脑忘记某个事实或者某个名字是有好处的,这样有助于大脑做出更为明智的决定。

36.to recall考查非谓语动词。

refuse后接不定式作宾语,refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。

37.possibly考查副词。

设空处在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词,故填副词。

此处意为“这可能标志着你的大脑在清理不必要的信息,这样它就可以更加有效地发挥作用,从而帮你做出更好的决定”。

38.decisions考查名词。

设空处作make的宾语,由形容词比较级better修饰,故填名词。

decision为可数名词,根据语境可知此处用名词复数。

39.conducted考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作后置定语,被修饰的名词studies与conduct(实施)之间有逻辑上的被动关系,且此处动作已经完成,故用过去分词作定语。

40.that考查特殊句式。

lately为时间状语,分析句子结构可知本句为强调句型,强调了句中的时间状语,根据强调句型的结构“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分”可知答案为that。

41.to考查固定结构。

pay attention to注意……,故填介词to。

42.published考查动词时态。

根据时间状语in April, 2017可知,定语从句用一般过去时。

43.making考查非谓语动词。

prevent sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事,故填动名词形式。

44.who/that考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知,先行词为the person,表示人,定语从句中缺少主语,故由关系代词that或者who引导定语从句。

45.healthy考查形容词。

设空处在句中作表语,故填形容词healthy。