2020届顺义区杨镇第一中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案

2020届顺义区杨镇第一中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
A medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.
But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”
Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.
“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.
Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.
One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.
1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.
A. adopt the latest technologies
B. make their robots dream come true
C. help build specialized capsule robots
D. do preciser observation and diagnosis
2. What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3?
A. Perform live.
B. Run independently.
C. Act in a cooperative way.
D. Carry on step by step.
3. What can be learnt from the passage?
A. Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.
B. The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.
C. The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.
D. It costs more to module the capsules on the board.
B
Newspapers in Great Britainvarygreatly in their ways of carrying the news. There are serious papers for those who want to know about important happenings everywhere, both at home and abroad. There are popular newspapers for those who prefer entertainment to information.
The London newspaper that is best known outside Great Britain is probably the Times. It began in 1785, and has a high reputation for believable news and serious opinions on the news. It calls itself an independent paper, which means that it does not give its support to a particular political party. Its leading articles give the opinions of the editors, not those of the owners of the paper.
Letters to the editor are printed in the newspaper. These parts of the Times are always interesting. Most of the letters are serious subjects. But from time to time there will be long letters on the subject which is not at all serious, perhaps on a new fashion of dress, or the bad manners of the young people, compared with manners of thirty years ago.
4. If you want to get pleasure, please buy yourself _________.
A. a serious newspaper
B. foreign newspaper
C. any independent paper
D. a popular newspaper
5. The Times has been famous to outside Great Britain for ________ years.
A. 19
B. 85
C. 236
D. 229
6. The Times is an independent paper because ________.
A. it supports no political parties
B. it is not controlled by the British Government
C. it gives special support to all the political parties.
D. the editor’s opinions are not examined by the owners of the paper
7. The underlined word “vary” in the passage probably means “_________”.
A. improve
B. compete with each other
C. are different
D. keep in touch with each other
C
In this day and age, there seems to be a move towards secondary school subjects. For that reason, some parents and some students feel that the compulsory study of English literature is misguided and disadvantageous to students, particularly if they are second language learners of English. However, there are still good reasons for the study of English literature.
Students of English language sometimes fail to see the point of studying English literature,especially if they have no plans to study English or translation at university. But English literature can introduce students to a range of aspects, not only of the English language but also the culture of English-speaking countries.
There are aspects of English culture that are summarised by English literature. Of course, this is quite obvious when studying the works of Shakespeare or of writers, poets and playwrights of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is, however, also true when studying other works of English literature. Students can learn about good stories and references to different aspects of English culture. They can also learn the context and meanings of famous quotes and phrases.
Studying literature does not confine the students to the traditions ofEnglandbut includes the possibility of introducing them to traditions which inform English literature, such as the study of Ancient Greek drama, and to literature in other contexts, such as American literature.
An enjoyment and appreciation of literature will give students the ability to develop this into an interest in books and reading as they move away from their studies and into the adult lives. They will have the confidence to approach and cope with new forms of books and writing, since they were exposed to a range of literature during their school days.
When studying literature, students can learn not only language aspects such as vocabulary items but also the language aspects which can be used for specific purposes. For example, if the students are familiar with the
concepts of beat and rhythm of English poems, they can improve their own writing as they are able to appreciate and apply these ideas.
Finally, the study of literature can provide students with a fresh and creative angle, from which the students can approach their studies in particular and their lives in general.
So the next time you are reading a newspaper article complaining of the lack of creativity and initiative in the local workforce, remember that in a small way the study of English literature can help to add a refreshing and further dimension to a person’s life.
8. The author may agree that the study of English literature________.
A. has a long-lasting influence on students
B. is misguided and has more disadvantages
C. is not necessary for second language learners
D. only allows the students to learn the traditions ofEngland
9. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.schools fail to care about students’ needs
B. learning English literature makes students smarter
C. English culture is closely related to English literature
D. the more you read literary works, the more you complain
10. What’s the author’s attitude towards the study of English literature?
A. Critical.
B. Cautious.
C. Supportive.
D. Anxious.
11. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Parents and Students’ Demands
B. Why We Learn English Literature
C. English Culture and English Literature
D. Suitable Courses for Secondary Schools
D
Although computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard does. You can potentially remember more by handwriting, according to a new study.
The potential benefits of handwriting for memory have been debated for some time. The new study set out to answer one question: How does handwriting compare to using a keyboard when it comes to remembering new information?
In all,24 participants took part. Researchers asked each of them to write with a pen and then each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors. Those sensors recorded the participants' brainwaves. The electrodes noted which parts of the brain turned on during each task. And they showed that writing turned on memory areas in the brain while typing didn't.
Audrey van der Meer, the new study's leader, says this suggests that when we write by hand, we remember better. “This is because writing involves complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on,” she explains. Van der Meer also points out that writing by hand is related to visual notetaking. “Rather than typing blindly, the visual notetaker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be interlinked by boxes, arrows and small drawings,” she adds.
This study does not recommend banning digital devices. In fact, its authors point out, computers and other devices with keyboards have become necessary in modern society. Keyboarding can especially benefit those with certain special needs (such as if they have trouble using their hands) and typing beats writing when it comes to speed, they add.
12. Why were participants asked to wear caps in the study?
A. To record their brainwaves
B. To inform them of their tasks
C. To allow them to focus on writing
D. To protect their heads like hair nets
13. What does Audrey van der Meer try to explain?
A. Why handwriting is more complex than typing
B. Why the brain works when it comes to learning
C. Why handwriting helps remember information
D. Why key words are helpful to visual notetaking
14. What is the study's authors' view on typing?
A. It relieves people's hands
B. It remains vital and helpful
C. It is not worth recommending
D. It is more challenging than writing
15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. How Can You Remember New Information?
B. Handwriting Benefits Health in the LongRun
C. Should Typing Take the Place of Handwriting?
D. Handwriting Is Better for Memory Than Typing
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项The aging process affects the human body in many ways. One thing that happens to all of usas we age is muscle loss. Some experts say it can start as early as age 30. In fact, muscle loss may be a natural part of aging.___16___. It is better to start strength training when you are younger and in good health.
But what exactly is “strength training”? Simply put, strength training is an activity that makes one's muscles stronger. Here are reasons to start your strength training today.
Develop strong bones
___17___which can increase the thickness or density of bones and reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis (骨质疏松症) —a disease that weakens bones, making them easy to break.
___18___
Strength training can help you to take control of your weight and even lose weight. Muscle weighs more than fat. But muscle increases your metabolism (新陈代谢), and ahigher metabolism helps you burn more calories.
Improve your quality of life
Strength training can improve your ability to do everyday activities. For example, having stronger muscles makes it easier to lift and move things. Strong muscles can improve your balance.___19___. As we age, this can greatly add to your quality of life.
Improve your thinking skills
Mayo Clinic says some research shows that regular strength training, when combined with other kinds of exercise, has good results.___20___.
A. Then, let it alone
B. Manage your weight
C. Enhance the value of weight loss
D. But you can do some things to slow it down
E. Strength training puts pressure on your bones
F. It may help older adults understand and learn better
G. So, your risk of falling or getting injured may be lessened
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Education is very close in my heart. My father grew up in a very small village in China. In those days, not many villagers could read. So my father____21____a night school to teach them how to read. With his help, many
people learned to____22____their own names; with his help, many people learned to read newspapers for the first time; with his help, many women were able to____23____their children how to read. As his daughter, I know what____24____means to the people, especially those without it.
After generations of hard work, China____25____in education. I myself____26____that progress. Otherwise, I would never become a famous singer and a professor of music. I am following my father’s____27____to help continue China’s success story. I am truly____28____to work with the UN and do something about Global Education. I have visited many schools around the world. I’ve seen first-hand how much we can do for education.
Education is about women and girls.It is important for girls to go to school because they will become their children’s____29____teacher someday. But women still____30____over half of the world’s poor in population and 60% of adults who can’t read. Education is of extreme importance in____31____such inequalities. Education is about equality. In poor countries and regions the number of school dropouts is____32____. We call for more educational____33____to these places. Education is about the young people. Young people are the future. Education is important because it not only gives young people____34____and skills but also helps them become____35____citizens.
As the UNESCO special envoy (特使) and the mother myself, my____36____to education for all will never change. Many years ago my father made a small difference in his village.____37____, we can make a big difference in the world.
I was once asked about my Chinese____38____. I said I hope all children especially girls can have access to good education. I____39____one day education will no longer be a dream but a reality____40____by every young woman on this planet.
21. A. rebuilt B. found C. attended D. opened
22. A. remember B. pronounce C. write D. confirm
23. A. teach B. inform C. convince D. acquire
24. A. education B. contribution C. devotion D. civilization
25. A. has taken advantage B. has made achievements C. has drawn attention
D. has had great effects
26. A. contribute to B. approve of C. benefit from D. pass down
27. A. routine B. fashion C. suggestions D. footsteps
28. A. determined B. confident C. honored D. fortunate
29. A. first B. unforgettable C. impressive D. patient
30. A. care for B. account for C. stand for D. allow for
31. A. accepting B. tolerating C. handling D. evaluating
32. A. arbitrary B. ambiguous C. accurate D. astonishing
33. A. resources B. experiences C. qualifications D. materials
34. A. permission B. strength C. wealth D. knowledge
35. A. independent B. responsible C. intelligent D. capable
36. A. response B. commitment C. reaction D. attendance
37. A. Together B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Moreover
38. A. expectation B. vision C. dream D. ambition
39. A. promise B. believe C. assume D. sense
40. A. desired B. realized C. faced D. enjoyed
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
With the arrival of the digital age, traditional occupations like doctor, lawyer and banker have lost favor among young Chinese people. Instead, they intend___41.___(choose) new occupations that are largely related to the Internet.
According to a survey___42.___(publish) by China Youth Daily in November,___43.___involved 2,010 young people, nearly 60 percent of respondents said they would like to try a new occupation. Among all these new jobs, the most popular was electronic gamer, according to the Blue Book of China’s Society by theChineseAcademyof Social Sciences. And 27 percent preferred to work as a social media writer. Another 20 percent wanted to host a live streaming show.
In fact, this trend isn’t unique___44.___China. Over three-quarters of young people in theUKwould like to consider___45.___career in online videos, according to a survey by the UK-based travel firm First Choice.___46.___(interesting), money is not a main factor. “The___47.___(big) attractions are creativity, fame and the opportunity for self-expression, with money in fourth place,” commented The Sun.
Despite the___48.___(popular) of new occupations, experts suggest that young people should be sensible when they choose one. “After all, not everybody is suitable___49.___has the ability for it,” the chief research officer at theTencentCenterfor Internet & Society,____50.____(tell) China Daily.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
st Monday, my father said goodbye to my mother and me but went on a business trip.
He would be away in three days. Just next morning, I found my mother wasn't feeling good. She had a bad cold. I immediately went to get her some drug and then prepared some noodles for her. With my specially care, my mother was recovered quickly. When my father comes back home, mother told him what had happened. He praised me for which I had done.
I feel very happy that I have done anything for my mother.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.你校将举办英语演讲比赛，主题为The Book That Inspires Me Most，请以此为题写一篇演讲稿参赛，要点包括：
1．书的内容；
2．鼓舞你的理由。

注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________
参考答案
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. A 9. C 10. C 11. B
12. A 13. A 14. B 15. D
16. D 17. E 18. B 19. G 20. F
21. D 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32.
D 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
41. to choose##choosing
42. published
43. which 44. to
45. a 46. Interestingly
47. biggest
48. popularity
49. or 50. told
51.(1).but→and
(2).in→for
(3).next前加the
(4).good→well
(5).drug→drugs
(6).specially→special
(7).删除was
(8).comes→came
(9).which→what
(10).anything→something 52.略。