第八周 词语猜义题

题干常含mean, replace, best explain或refer to四 个词语之一： What does the underlined word/words/phrase … in Paragraph … refer to/mean？ (2020年全国Ⅰ卷； 2020年全国Ⅱ卷；2020年全国Ⅲ卷；2020年新高 考全国Ⅱ卷；2019年全国Ⅰ卷；2019年全国Ⅱ卷； 2019年全国Ⅲ卷)
1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It's delicate. C. It's complex.
B. It's expensive. D. It's portable.
D 细节理解题。由第一段最后三句 “You must
考纲词汇复记强化 星期一
_c_o_n_s_u_m_p__ti_o_n__ n.消耗 _c_o_m_p__a_n_io_n___ n.同伴；伴侣 _in_f_l_u_e_n_c_e__ v.影响 _a_p_p_e_t_it_e__ n.食欲；胃口 _p_a_r_t_ic_i_p_a_t_e__ vi.参加；参与(in) v_e_r_s_i_o_n__ n.版本 _in_f_l_u_e_n_t_ia_l__ adj.有影响力的 o__v_e_rw__e_i_g_h_t_ adj.过重的 c_o_n__tr_a_r_y__to__ 与……相反
3. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube. C. The hole.
B. The still. D. The cup.
B 指代关系题。由第二段第一、二句“To
construct a working still, use a sharp stick or
rock to dig a hole four feet across and three
feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity.” 可知，本段讲如何建造简易蒸馏器的方法， 选择湿润地点就是为了提高“蒸馏器”的生 产效率。注意地段的选择(如湿润地和干燥地) 会影响蒸馏器的生产效率，因此“the water catcher”应该是指“蒸馏器”，而不是指某 个零部件。
◇ What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. C. Allowance.
B. Reward. D. Face value.
点拨：由“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary (虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”和 “rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them(但是重新阅读这本书才是一 个读者支付给作者的最高)”可知，前后句为转折关 系。由money可推知应是与Reward(报酬)有关， Debt(债务)、Allowance(津贴)、Face value(表面价值) 明显不符合语境。故选B项。
contrary to existing research that says you should
avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions”和后半句“with big appetites you really need to avoid”可知，与现有研究认为的要避免和食量大的 超重人士一起吃饭相反，你真正应该避免的是与食量大 的beanpoles一起吃饭；根据contrary to并结合后文内容 可推断，beanpoles应与heavier people相反，D项“瘦 瘦高高的人”符合语境，故选D项。
carry… The only components…. These pieces can
be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.”可知，制作一个简易蒸馏器是可携带的，只 需一些简单的器材，这些器材可以折叠起来放进 腰包里，可见是非常方便的，可以随身携带的(It’s portable.)。注意“only”这个词的语气。
应是与Reward(报酬)有关
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it's you that have to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 前后句为转折关系
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “…” in Paragraph…？ (2016年全国Ⅰ卷)
解答这类题时，需要考生在理解全文的基础 上，理解画线词语所在句的意思，有时需要理解 该句的前一句或后一句的意思，或前后句的意思； 也有的需要理解前后一段或几段的意思，如2014 年全国Ⅱ卷的23题和2013年全国课标Ⅱ卷的38题。
要善于根据画线词语所在句内部各分句之间， 或该句与上下句或上下段之间的逻辑关系，并结合 常识，进行推断。特别是转折关系(but, however, though, fortunately, sadly等)、因果关系(so, because等)或条件与结果的关系。
［典型例题］(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·26)
3. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place. C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
1. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety.
B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
D 细节理解题。由第一段首句“According to a
recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,
C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “If an overweight person…why can't I?(如果一个 超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因 为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一 个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃 得多还能保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？)” 可知，我们会根据对就餐同伴的看法而调 节对方对自己的饮食行为的影响，故选C项。
2. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in parag
B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters.
D. Tall thin persons.
D 词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句中的 “And
考纲词汇复记强化 星期二
_su__b_s_ti_t_u_t_e__ n.替代品；代替者 _c_o_m_p__o_n_e_n_t_ n.组成部分，成分 _a_ll_b__u_t_ 几乎(almost) _r_es_t__ v.(被)支搭 _s_e_c_u_r_e__ v.(使)某物固定 _w_e_i_g_h_t__ vi.加重于；偏袒
C 细节理解题。第二、三段讲蒸馏器的建造方
法。由第三段第一句“Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock.”可知, 最后一步就是用石头把塑料 纸的中心压低。因此C项符合。
A 推理判断题。由第二段首句“To test the
effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人 员进行了两个实验。又根据第三段内容可知， 演员打扮成很胖和很瘦的样子，都吃了大量的 食物，参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然 而，当演员瘦的时候，参与者们吃得更多。由 此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了观察她如何 影响参与者。故选A项。
Which of the following best explains … underlined in Paragraph …？ (2018年全国Ⅰ卷)
What do/does the words/word … in Paragraph … probably mean？ (2018年全国Ⅲ卷)
What does the author mean by “…” in Paragraph…？ (2017年全国Ⅱ卷)
both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.”可知， 根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮 食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄 入量。因此这项研究关于饮食行为，故选D项。
第八周 词语猜义题
我们在阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去
未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义 可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而 通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一 个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读 理解部分经常考查的一种能力。
每年每套题通常有一个小题，有时会有两
个小题，要求考生根据上下文推断单词、短语 或句子的含义。
4. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.