GWD 错题逻辑

GWD 错题
GWD1-Q33:
A company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color. The inventor of the machine claims that it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.
Which of the following is a consideration in favor of the company’s implementing its plan to develop the prototype?
A.There is a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between
weeds of different species.
B.The shade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the
course of their growing season.
C.When crops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken
into account in distinguishing crop plants from weeds.
D.Selection and genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species
to be economically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without
altering their other characteristics.
E.Farm laborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops
carry out other agricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding is not necessary.
D说：通过选种和基因控制，能够让各种庄稼在不改变其他特性的情况下都有一种独特的shade of color，这样自然有利于除草机根据shade of colors的辨别来除草了。

D通过支持证据的方式支持结论。

ABC对该计划不利，显然不可能是支持。

E 错在结论的范围是局限于在割草时因为节省劳动力所以节省成本。

E说的是全年的考虑：不割草时可以干别的。

所以无关。

Lawyer
GWD3-Q9:
Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit-card logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit-card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists’ interpretation of the studies?
A.The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit
cards.
B.Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card
obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a
tray with credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.
C.In virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in
cash did not possess credit cards.
D.In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips
than do those who pay by credit card.
E.The percentage of restaurant bills paid with given brand of credit card
increases when that credit card’s logo is displayed on the tray with w hich the bill is prepared.
2。

假设和支持的区别。

假设是原文结论的必要条件。

它错，原文结论必错，所以可以用去非法验证。

支持是使结论的说服力更强，它或者直接支持结论，或者是原文证据对结论证明力加强。

假设是支持的子集。

它可以是结论的必要条件（假设型），也可以不使结论的必要条件。

验证的方法是问自己，该答案是否在某方面帮助了作者，使结论的说服力加强。

3。

B是通过加强原文证据对结论的证明力来加强结论。

即B说明看到LOGO会让人想到信用卡的状况，从而影响付TIPS行为。

如果信用卡的状况是不好，则付TIPS少（B所说），如果信用卡的状况好，则付TIPS多（原文证据），是一个规律的两个方面。

所以加强了结论。

lawyer
Over the past five years, the price gap between name-brand cereals and less expensive store-brand cereals has become so wide that consumers have been switching increasingly to store brands despite the name brands’ reputation for better quality. To attract these consumers back, several manufacturers of name-brand cereals plan to narrow the price gap between their cereals and store brands to less than what it was five years ago.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the likelihood that the manufacturers’ plan will succeed in attracting back a large percentage of consumers who have switched to store brands?
A.There is no significant difference among manufacturers of name-brand
cereals in the prices they charge for their products.
B.Consumers who have switched to store-brand cereals have generally
been satisfied with the quality of those cereals.
C.Many consumers would never think of switching to store-brand cereals
because they believe the name brand cereals to be of better quality.
D.Because of lower advertising costs, stores are able to offer their own
brands of cereals at significantly lower prices than those charged for
name-brand cereals.
E.Total annual sales of cereals—including both name-brand and
store-brand cereals—have not increased significantly over the past five years.
昏头昏脑地做错了这道题。

逻辑题阅读在没能分清主次时，绝对不能跳读，看清楚此题likelihood that the manufacturers’ plan will succeed in attracting back a large percentage of consumers who have switched to store brands。

此题目只限制在这类消费者。

原文的推理是：name-brand cereals 生产商计划用将差价缩小的方法将丢失的顾客吸引回来（价格仍然比STORE高，说明主要仍要靠质量吸引顾客，降价只是消除STORE的优势，消除顾客买STORE谷物的原因----理解这点很重要）（方法目的型）
D。

STORE有能力提供低价对name-brand cereals 要缩小差价的方法起不了什麽作用，因为STORE价格本来就低，你说STORE有能力提供低价不等于白说吗。

B。

name-brand cereals 生产商想要象原来一样靠质量吸引他们，现在这个因素不存在了（顾客现在对STORE的质量满意，不考虑NAME优势）。

吸引他们的因素没了。

顾客有何理由回去。

价格吗?(质量已经不重要)，name-brand cereals 生产商价格降价后还是比STORE高。

lawyer
GWD 5-Q30:
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
The irradiation of food kills bacteria and thus retards spoilage. However, it also lowers the nutritional value of many foods. For example, irradiation destroys a significant percentage of whatever vitamin B1 a food may contain. Proponents of irradiation point out that irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking. However, this fact is either beside the point, since much irradiated food is eaten raw, or else misleading, since _______.
A.many of the proponents of irradiation are food distributors who gain
f rom food’s havin
g a longer shelf life
B.it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on food is not the only
effect that irradiation has
C.cooking is usually the final step in preparing food for consumption,
whereas irradiation serves to ensure a longer shelf life for perishable
foods
D.certain kinds of cooking are, in fact, even more destructive of vitamin B1
than carefully controlled irradiation is
E.for food that is both irradiated and cooked, the reduction of vitamin B1
associated with either process individually is compounded
my opinion:此题要看清楚，this fact是指irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking，而且问的原因是指，this fact why is misleading 而不是问的其他东西。

由此可见，逻辑题很难判断哪些信息重要，哪些不重要，所以不能跳读，不管是题目还是选项。

无定论，算了，不管了。

GWD6-Q20:
Five years ago, as part of a plan to encourage citizens of Levaska to increase the amount of money they put into savings, Levaska’s government introduced special savings accounts in which up to $3,000 a year can be saved with no tax due on the interest unless money is withdrawn before the account holder reaches the age of sixty-five. Millions of dollars have accumulated in the special accounts, so the government’s plan is obviously working.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. A substantial number of Levaskans have withdrawn at least some of the money they had
invested in the special accounts.
B.Workers in Levaska who already save money in long-term tax-free accounts that are offered
through their workplace cannot take advantage of the special savings accounts introduced by the government.
C.The rate at which interest earned on money deposited in regular savings accounts is taxed
depends on the income bracket of the account holder.
D.Many Levaskans who already had long-term savings have steadily been transferring those
savings into the special accounts.
E.Many of the economists who now claim that the government’s plan has been successful
criticized it when it was introduced.
答案是D, 可我选的是B, 我觉得B是削弱, D是加强. 不知对不对?
You made a typical mistake: you did not make clear what the conclusion is.
The conclusion is whether the approach has encouraged the saving. If the conclusion is that ever yone will benefit, B will be the answer. Think again, hard.
结论是：吸收了特殊存款，计划成功
A：A是建立在计划成功的基础上的；应该是无关
B：Mindfree说的很彻底；B属于compatible
C：严重无关
D：与原意相悖，削弱
E：好像跟A的毛病一样，无关
可见，弄清楚文章结论是什么很重要，而且有利于快速答题。

GWD6-Q21:
An overwhelming proportion of the most productive employees at SaleCo’s regional offices work not eight hours a day, five days a week, as do other SaleCo employees, but rather ten hours a day, four days a week, with Friday off. Noting this phenomenon, SaleCo’s president plans to increase overall productivity by keeping the offices closed on Fridays and having all employees work the same schedule—ten hours a day, four days a week.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most reason to doubt that the president’s plan, if implemented, will achieve its stated purpose?
A.Typically, a SaleCo employee’s least productive hours in the workplace a re the early
afternoon hours.
B.None of the employees who work four days a week had volunteered to work that schedule,
but all were assigned to it by their supervisors.
C.Working ten hours a day has allowed the most productive employees to work two hours
alone each day in their respective offices relatively undisturbed by fellow employees.
D.Employees at SaleCo are compensated not on the basis of how many hours a week they
work but on the basis of how productive they are during the hours they are at work.
E.Those SaleCo employees who have a four-day workweek do not take any of their office
work to do at home on Fridays.
GWD7-Q17:
Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery. Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
A.Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.
B.Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms
and prolongation of life.
C.Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because
they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.
D.The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were
as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery
prior to undergoing it.
E.The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit
from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the
patients who did benefit.
GWD7-Q21:
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Each species of moth has an optimal body temperature for effective flight, and when air temperatures fall much below that temperature,the moths typically have to remain inactive on vegetation for extended periods, leaving them highly vulnerable to predators. In general, larger moths can fly faster than smaller ones and hence have a better chance of evading flying predators, but they also have higher optimal body temperatures, which explains why ______.
rge moths are generally able to maneuver better in flight than smaller moths
rge moths are proportionally much more common in warm climates than in
cool climates
C.small moths are more likely than large moths to be effectively camouflaged while on
vegetation
rge moths typically have wings that are larger in proportion to their body size than smaller
moths do
E.most predators of moths prey not only on several different species of moth but also on
various species of other insects
１.气温与体温match－>有效飞行；２.当气温<<体温－>不能有效飞行，且易被捕食；
３.大娥比小娥飞得快－>大娥逃生能力强；
４.大娥的最佳体温>>小娥的；
－> 大娥需要相应的比较高的气温环境，以保证他们的有效飞行，所以推出B选项，大娥通常在暖温气候地区。

And also in cool climates, larger moths have to stay on vegetation for more time than small moths, increasing the risk of being predated. Thus, larger moths are less common in cool climates.
Q28: GWD-2-10
Environmentalist: The use of snowmobiles in the vast park north of Milville create sun acceptable levels of air pollution and should be banned.
Milville business spokesperson: Snowmobiling brings many out-of-towners to Milville in winter months, to the great financial benefit of many local residents. So, economics dictate that we put up with the pollution.
Environmentalist: I disagree: A great many cross-country skiers are now kept from visiting Milville by the noise and pollution that snowmobiles generate.
Environmentalist responds to the business spokesperson by doing which of the following?
A.Challenging an assumption that certain desirable outcome can derive from only one set of
circumstances
B.Challenging an assumption that certain desirable outcome is outweighed by negative aspects
associated with producing that outcome
C.Maintaining that the benefit that the spokesperson desires could be achieved in greater degree
by a different means
D.Claiming that the spokesperson is deliberately misrepresenting the environmentalist’s position in
order to be better able to attack it
E.Denying that an effect that the spokesperson presents as having benefited a certain
group of people actually benefited those people
1。

A的错误在于ONLY太STRONG。

“所以他们必须忍受污染”。

spokesperson的话中看不出“必须”的意思。

DICTATE是指HAVE CONTROLLING INFLUENCE ON。

DETERMINE。

并没有MUST的意思。

何况one set of circumstances在原文难以找到对应。

2。

spokesperson说Snowmobiling带来很多人。

环境学家说污染让很多人不敢来。

环境学家的目的很显然是否定Snowmobiling带来很多人。

从而否定给当地居民带来经济利益。

即否定这个效果。

所以E是合适的lawyer
A.only one set of circumstances，无
B.certain desirable outcome is outweighed by negative aspects associated with producing that outcome这是Environmentalist的观点，不是spokeman的观点；反
C.in greater degree by a different means，无
D. misrepresenting the environmentalist’s position in order to be better ab le to attack it，无
E. Denying that an effect that the spokesperson presents as having benefited a certain group of people actually benefited those people：S说因为经济利益考虑，所以污染就忍忍；E说不同意，因为污染，某些人就没来；分析E的weaken方向，就是直接否定S的假设
三无一反一正确，这是CR选项的基本特征
. GWD17-Q9: （CD-9 Q10）
Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors. So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?
A.Canceling highway projects was not the only way for the President to punish legislative
districts controlled by opposition parties.
B.The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not
mostly projects in districts controlled by the President’s party.
C.The number of projects canceled was a significant proportion of all the highway projects
that were to be undertaken by the government in the near future.
D.The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the President’s party were not
generally more expensive than the projects canceled in districts controlled by opposition
parties.
E.Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties as
a source of objective assessments of government projects.
反对党认为总统实行partisan politics，论据是取消的项目当中有90％都属于反对党管辖的区，Secretary 的论点是总统实行budgetary policy，论据是所有取消的项目都是因为无党派人士的报告认为那些项目是wasteful的，言下之意就是在无党派报告中认为是wasteful的项目中有90％都是反对党的项目（相当于B），而B取非的话就是无党派报告中认为是wasteful的项目大部分是总统所在的党派所管辖的地区，那么结论将是总统是partison pollitics，因为总统包庇了自己的党派，punish了反对党
目的要说明The president'decision is fair.原文说被判断为wasteful并被Cancel的项目的决定是公平的,B 说那些同样被判断为wasteful但仍然坚持上马的项目(scheduled highway projects) 并非都是President’s p arty 的，很好的加强目的。

e不对是因为它说反对党认为无党派人士的话不足为证，这只是他们的想法，如果事实上无党派人士的判
断是公正的话，还表明总统的做法是有理由的。

11. GWD17-Q11:
Some species of Arctic birds are threatened by recent sharp increases in the population of snow geese, which breed in the Arctic and are displacing birds of less vigorous species. Although snow geese are a popular quarry for hunters in the southern regions where they winter, the hunting season ends if and when hunting has reduced the population by five percent, according to official estimates. Clearly, dropping this restriction would allow the other species to recover.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
A.Hunting limits for snow geese were imposed many years ago in response to a sharp decline
in the population of snow geese.
B.It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being
closed earlier than the scheduled date.
C.The number of snow geese taken by hunters each year has grown every year for several
years.
D.As their population has increased, snow geese have recolonized wintering grounds that
they had not used for several seasons.
E.In the snow goose’s winter habitats, the goose faces no significant natural predation.
Weaken题只要看哪个选项跟原文结论说的是反话。

原文说放宽打猎restriction会可以使其他物种休养生息。

而我们只要找一个选项能说明放宽时限不能使其他物种恢复的就行了。

看到B选项，说即使在有restrictio
n的时候，人们也在限制期前就停止打猎了。

这就说明这个限制根本就没用。

放不放宽限制人们都不会去增加打猎数。

所以B就weaken了原文。

B是对的，这个句型的理解很重要。

it has been many years since + 过去式，表示这个过去的动作没有发生很多年了。

比如，It has been many years since I was a student. 是说我现在不是学生了。

B中It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date. 是说这种情况已经没有发生很多年了。

The restriction已经对狩猎的结束没有影响了，所以取不取消也无关紧要了，所以削弱。

My opinion: 关键是dropping this restriction的效果，如果能知道这个restriction根本没有作用，那么这个结论自然不对。

原文：鸟A数量下降是因为鸟B数量上升。

事实：尽管鸟B 是主要猎物，但是对于鸟B有打猎限制（超过数量5%就停止）。

结论：去除限制，可以使鸟A避免减少。

分析：事实和结论之间有assumption,是限制使得鸟B数量上升，再致使鸟A数量下降。

如果assumption不成立，即这个cause-and-effect不存在，是其他原因导致鸟B数量上升，则削弱。

正如答案B。

28. GWD-18-Q20
Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development.They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it. That plan is ill-conceived: if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders. On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it
remains viable.But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires. And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.
In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?
A.The first presents a goal that the argument rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence
that is presented as grounds for that rejection.
B.The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a
reason offered in support of that conclusion.
C.The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can be attained; the second is a
judgment disputing that conclusion.
D.The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in
the argument; the second is a judgment provi ding a basis for the argument’s
advocacy of a particular strategy.
E.The first presents a goal that the argument endorses; the second presents a situation that
the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.
4. GWD21-Q4: Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) is potentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost always have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since ______.
A.the patients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitis invariably
have medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitis
B.the misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to
someone who does not, in fact, have it
C.all of the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, in fact, have
appendicitis
D.every patient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more than one of
the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis
E.the only patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one or more of
the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis
文章的要求有两个：
rgely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix
2.without performing any fewer necessary ones than before
B新方法2%的误诊是将实际未生病的人诊断为生病，换句话说就是实际生病的人一个都不会漏掉，符合without performing any fewer necessary ones than before的要求，同时由于未生病的人诊断为生病的比例只有2%，大大低于原来的20%，因此符合largely avoid unne cessary removals of the appendix
C新方法诊断为有病的实际上都有病，这符合largely avoid unnecessary removals of the a ppendix ，但是新方法诊断为没病的是不是都没病呢，选项没有交代，因此无法判断是否符合without performing any fewer necessary ones than before（如果新方法诊断为没病的实际上有病，这样就会出现漏诊，会performing fewer necessary ones than before，不符合题目要求）
40. GWD21-Q40:
A manufacturer of workstations for computer-aided design seeks to increase sales to its most important corporate customers. Its strategy is to publish very low list prices for workstations in order to generate interest among the buyers for those corporations.
Which of the following, if characteristic of the marketplace, would tend to cause the manufacturer’s strategy to fail?
A.The proposed list prices would seem low to a typical buyer for the manufacturer’s most
important corporate customers.
B.The capabilities of workstations suitable for given jobs are not significantly different among
various manufacturers.
C.The manufacturer’s most important corporate customers employ as buyers persons who are
very knowledgeable about prices for workstations for customer-aided design.
D.Customers differ significantly in the percentage of resources they can devote to computer
workstations.
E.Buyers for corporations that purchase workstations for computer-aided design
receive bonuses for negotiating large discounts from the list price.
要和list price有关。

18. GWD26-Q18
A medieval manuscript called L contains all eighteen extant tragedies by the Greek playwright Euripides. Of these, ten called the “select plays,” are accompanied in L by ancient commentaries and also appear in other medieval manuscripts; this group includes some of Euripides’ best-known works, including the Medea. The other eight, which appear in alphabetical order, without commentary. The Electra is one of the alphabeticals.
Which of the following can be reliably concluded on the basis of the Statements given?
A.Only Euripides’ best-known works are accompanied by ancient commentaries in extant medieval
manuscripts.
B.The select plays are accompanied by ancient commentaries because they were the best known
of Euripides’ works.
C.No commentaries were written about Euripides’ Electra in ancient times.
D.Euripides’ Medea never appears in medieval manuscripts unaccompanied by ancient
commentary.
E.Euripides’ Electra does not appear accompanied by a commentary in any extant medieval
manuscript.
想啊想，终于想明白为什E对。

ABCD都可以排除，对于E，有的G友说应该把any 改成all才对。

我想E这个句子存在一个理解问题：Euripides’ Electra does not appear accompanied by a comentary in any extant medieval manuscript.
若理解成：在任何一部extant medieval manuscript中E都不伴随评论出现。

则这道题没答案了。

但我想GMAC愿意是：强调does not appear accompanied by a comentary in any extant medieval manuscript
不是在任何一部extant medieval manuscript中，E都是以伴随评论出现的。

因此正符合原文意思。

没选E的同学可能很难一下子把原来的逻辑转回来，唯一的办法就是多念几遍这个句子了。

*******************************************************
39楼的mm,你好牛. 我觉得你的解释是正确的!!!也是唯一合理的!
其实E想说: Euripides的Electra这个剧本,并不每次都是伴随这评论出现在当今现存的手稿里的( 起码在L这部手稿里,就没带评论).
19. GWD-23-Q32
Excavations of the Roman city of Sepphoris have uncovered numerous detailed mosaics depicting several readily identifiable animal species: a hare, a partridge, and various Mediterranean fish. Oddly, most of the species represented did not live in the Sepphoris region when these mosaics were created. Since identical motifs appear in mosaics found in other Roman cities, however, the mosaics of Sepphoris were very likely created by traveling artisans from some other part of the Roman Empire.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A.The Sepphoris mosaics are not composed exclusively of types of stones found naturally in
the Sepphoris area.
B.There is no single region to which all the species depicted in the Sepphoris mosaics are
native.
C.No motifs appear in the Sepphoris mosaics that do not also appear in the mosaics of some
other Roman city.
D.All of the animal figures in the Sepphoris mosaics are readily identifiable as representations
of known species.
E.There was not a common repertory of mosaic designs with which artisans who lived in
various parts of the Roman Empire were familiar.
I think the answer should be E.
In the arg ,it is said that the animal which were depicted in mosaic had never been live when th e mosaic was created.So author think it was created by someone came from another place.
If there is a place where most of artists in different areas could saw and share the information.or
there was a common design everybody was familar.Then the artists who live in S could make the m otifs ,too.Then the conclusion would be weaken.
应该用取非削弱吧结论是mosaics是从别的地方带来的如果E取非就是不同地方都有相同的设计也就削弱了结论应该是选E
我的意见：assumption题还是要先看结论，最后一句是结论。

看前半部分，Since identical motifs appear in mosaics found in other Roman cities，有这个原因作者推出结论。

E取非就是提供信息，让从这个推不出结论。

22. GWD25-Q22.
Springfield Fire Commissioner: the vast majority of false fire alarms are prank calls made anonymously from fire alarm boxes on street corners. Since virtually everyone has access to a private telephone, these alarm boxes have outlived their usefulness. Therefore, we propose to remove the boxes. Removing the boxes will reduce the number of prank calls without hampering
people’s ability to report a fire.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?
A.The fire department traces all alarm calls made from private telephones and records where they
came from.
B.Maintaining the fire alarm boxes costs Springfield approximately five million dollars annually.
C. A telephone call can provide the fire department with more information about the nature and
size of a fire than can an alarm placed from an alarm box.
D.Responding to false alarms significantly reduces the fire department’s capacity for responding to
fires.
E.On any given day, a significant percentage of the public telephones in Springfield are out of
service.
Removing the boxes will reduce the
number of prank calls without hampering people’s ability to report a fire.
that's the point
选C
A是无关选项。

理由：题干说the vast majority of false fire alarms are prank calls made a nonymously from fire alarm boxes on street corners.是说假警报绝大部分都是从fire al arm box出来的，注意：人家可没说私人电话有可能报假警哦。

所以，蓝色部分就不在我们考虑范围了Removing the boxes will reduce the number of prank calls without ha mpering people’s ability to report a fire
C说电话比火警箱的好处则可以加强绿色部分
2. GWD-27-Q2:
Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions of electronic switches. Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot withstand intense radiation. Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because it uses only microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation damage. The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the chip will contain only 12,000 switches.
For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanics’ chip as a result of the apparent advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:
A.There will be applications in which the speed attainable by an electronic switch is not
essential.
B.Switches used on electronic chips that contain only 12,000 switches are more vulnerable to
radiation damage than the switches on Micro-Mechanics’ chip will be.
C.There will be applications for computer chips in environments where the chips may have to
survive intense radiation.
D.Some devices in which computer chips will be used will have other components that will be
able to function during or after exposure to radiation.
E.Manufacturers are able to protect electronic computer chips against exposure
to intense radiation, where this protection is necessary.
解析：原文推理：electronic switches不能忍受intense radiation，Micro-Mechanics’ chip可以忍受，但是slower than electronic switches，结论说Micro-Mechanics’ chip有市场，也就是说就算慢也可以
思路：要加强有市场，就要强调Micro-Mechanics’ chip能够抗击radiation damage的优点，淡化速读慢的缺点。

A：说速度不重要，自然就去除了慢这个缺点，也就有市场了。

B：相同的速读下electronic chips比Micro-Mechanics’ chip更脆弱，加强了Micro-Mechanics’ chip 抗击radiation damage的能力
C：chips may have to survive intense radiation说明抗击radiation damage很重要，因此有市场D：错误是认为其他组成部分是否能够忍受radiation damage和Micro-Mechanics’ chip有市场无关。

但是这个选项说明使用Micro-Mechanics’ chip没有副作用。

之前使用electronic switches的时候因为不能忍受intense radiation，所以只能在弱radiation的情况下使用，现在换成了Micro-Mechani cs’ chip，也就是说可以在强radiation下使用，但是如果装置中的其他零件不能忍受强radiation的话，就算是换上了Micro-Mechanics’ chip也不能用，所以也就没有市场了。

这个选项排除了这种情况。

E：正确，很明显的错误，electronic computer chips可以被保护不受radiation damage，那么就不需要Micro-Mechanics’ chip了，削弱结论
16: GWD-29-Q8
Which of the following, if true, provides evidence that most logically completes the argument below? According to a widely held economic hypothesis, imposing strict environmental regulations reduces economic growth. This hypothesis is undermined by the fact that the states with the strictest environmental regulations also have the highest economic growth. This fact does not show that environmental regulations promote growth, however, since ______.
A.those states with the strictest environmental regulations invest the most in
education and job training
B.even those states that have only moderately strict environmental regulations have higher
growth than those with the least-strict regulations
C.many states that are experiencing reduced economic growth are considering weakening
their environmental regulations。