《金版新学案》2012高三物理一轮_高效测评卷(25)_大纲人教版

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2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第二章 第1课时

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第二章 第1课时

(本栏目内容,在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订!)一、选择题1.已知两个函数f (x )和g (x )的定义域和值域都是集合{1,2,3},其定义如下表:x 1 2 3f (x ) 2 3 1x 1 2 3g (x ) 3 2 1则方程g [f (x )]=x 的解集为( )A .{1}B .{2}C .{3}D .∅解析: 当x =1时,g [f (1)]=g (2)=2,不合题意;当x =2时,g [f (2)]=g (3)=1,不合题意;当x =3时,g [f (3)]=g (1)=3,符合题意.答案: C2.下表表示y 是x 的函数,则函数的值域是( )x 0<x <5 5≤x <10 10≤x <15 15≤x ≤20y 2 3 4 5A.[2,5] C .(0,20] D .{2,3,4,5}解析: 函数值只有四个数2、3、4、5,故值域为{2,3,4,5}.答案: D3.若f (x )对任意实数x 恒有2f (x )-f (-x )=3x +1,则f (x )=( )A .x -1B .x +1C .2x +1D .3x +3解析: ∵2f (x )-f (-x )=3x +1,①用-x 代x 得,2f (-x )-f (x )=-3x +1,②①×2+②得,3f (x )=3x +3,∴f (x )=x +1.答案: B4.已知f :x →-sin x 是集合A (A ⊆[0,2π])到集合B =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫0,12的一个映射,则集合A 中的元素个数最多有( )A .4个B .5个C .6个D .7个解析: ∵A ⊆[0,2π],由-sin x =0得x =0,π,2π;由-sin x =12,得x =7π6,11π6,∴A 中最多有5个元素.答案: B5.(2010·广东汕头模拟)已知函数f (x )满足f ⎝⎛⎭⎫2x +|x |=log 2x |x |,则f (x )的解析式是( ) A .f (x )=log 2x B .f (x )=-log 2xC .f (x )=2-xD .f (x )=x -2解析: 根据题意知x >0,所以f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x =log 2x ,则f (x )=log 21x=-log 2x . 答案: B6.如图所示,液体从一圆锥形漏斗漏入一圆柱形桶中,开始时,漏斗盛满液体,经过3分钟漏完.已知圆柱中液面上升的速度是一个常量,H 是圆锥形漏斗中液面下落的高度,则H 与下落时间t (分)的函数关系表示的图象只可能是( )解析: 由于所给的圆锥形漏斗上口大于下口,当时间取12t 时,漏斗中液面下落的高度不会达到漏斗高度的12,对比四个选项的图象可知选B. 答案: B二、填空题7.已知f ⎝⎛⎭⎫2x +1=lg x ,则f (x )=________.解析: 令2x +1=t (t >1),则x =2t -1, ∴f (t )=lg 2t -1,f (x )=lg 2x -1(x >1). 答案: lg 2x -1(x >1) 8.设f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2t x x <2log t (x 2-1) x ≥2.且f (2)=1,则f (f (5))的值为________. 解析: 由f (2)=log t (22-1)=log t 3=1,∴t =3,又5>2,所以f (f (5))=f (log 3(5-1))=f (log 34)=2×3log 34=2×4=8.答案: 89.(2010·珠海模拟)若函数y =f (x )的值域是[1,3],则函数F (x )=1-2f (x +3)的值域是________.解析: ∵1≤f (x )≤3,∴-6≤-2f (x +3)≤-2,∴-5≤1-2f (x +3)≤-1,即F (x )的值域为[-5,1].答案: [-5,1]三、解答题10.已知f (x )=x 2+x +1.(1)求f (2x )的解析式;(2)求f (f (x ))的解析式;(3)证明:对任意x ∈R ,f ⎝⎛⎭⎫-12+x =f ⎝⎛⎭⎫-12-x 总成立. 【解析方法代码108001007】解析: (1)f (2x )=(2x )2+(2x )+1=4x 2+2x +1.(2)f (f (x ))=(f (x ))2+f (x )+1=(x 2+x +1)2+(x 2+x +1)+1=x 4+2x 3+4x 2+3x +3.(3)证明:f ⎝⎛⎭⎫-12+x =⎝⎛⎭⎫-12+x 2+⎝⎛⎭⎫-12+x +1=x 2+34, f ⎝⎛⎭⎫-12-x =⎝⎛⎭⎫-12-x 2+⎝⎛⎭⎫-12-x +1=x 2+34. 故对任意x ∈R ,f ⎝⎛⎭⎫-12+x =f ⎝⎛⎭⎫-12-x 总成立. 11.已知某人在2010年1月份至6月份的月经济收入如下:1月份为1 000元,从2月份起每月的月经济收入是其上一个月的2倍,用列表、图象、解析式三种不同形式来表示该人1月份至6月份的月经济收入y (元)与月份序号x 的函数关系,并指出该函数的定义域、值域和对应法则.解析:图象:解析式:y =1 000·2x -1(x ∈{1,2,3,4,5,6}).其中定义域为{1,2,3,4,5,6},值域为{1 000,2 000,4 000,8 000,16 000,32 000}.对应法则f :x →y =1 000·2x -1.12.某公司招聘员工,连续招聘三天,应聘人数和录用人数符合函数关系y =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 4x ,1≤x ≤10,2x +10,10<x ≤100,1.5x ,x >100,其中,x 是录用人数,y 是应聘人数.若第一天录用9人,第二天的应聘人数为60人,第三天未被录用的人数为120人.求这三天参加应聘的总人数和录用的总人数. 【解析方法代码108001008】解析: 由1<9<10,得第一天应聘人数为4×9=36(人).由4x =60,得x =15∉[1,10];由2x +10=60,得x =25∈(10,100];由1.5x =60,得x =40<100.所以第二天录用人数为25人.设第三天录用x 人,则第三天的应聘人数为120+x .由4x =120+x ,得x =40∉[1,10];由2x +10=120+x ,得x =110∉(10,100];由1.5x =120+x ,得x =240>100.所以第三天录用240人,应聘人数为360人.综上,这三天参加应聘的总人数为36+60+360=456人,录用的总人数为9+25+240=274人.。

《金版新学案》2012高三地理一轮 第四章 章末高效提升课件 湘教版必修1

《金版新学案》2012高三地理一轮 第四章 章末高效提升课件 湘教版必修1

(ⅱ)季风区,应使向大气排放有害物质的工业 企业避开冬、夏季风对吹的风向,将其布局 在与对吹风向相垂直的郊外;(ⅲ)在无主导风 向的地位,将其布局在最小风频的上风向。
1.下表为我国陕西省三大地区村落情况对比 表。分析后回答下列问题。 地区 村落密度(个/平方千米) A 0.80 村落平均人 口(人/个) 300~400
②实现石油输入多元化,减少对单一源地的 依赖;陆上输入比海上运输更安全;距离我 国东北地区较近,该区石油冶炼加工和输送 等基础设施完备。 ③线路短,可节省时间和运输费用;加大石 油进口的安全性。 (4)优化能源结构(扩大煤炭、水能、核能的利 用率),调整产业结构;降低能耗,提高能源 的利用率;努力开发本国的油气资源。
解析: (1)认真阅读图文资料,明确大雾的 形成主要受地形、气温和大气中水汽含量的影 响,然后分析两路段形成大雾的原因和差异。 (2)比较东北和南偏西两方向地形的差异,可 以发现两者在建筑用地多少和自然灾害易发性 等方面的差异。
答案: (1)地势比较低(冷空气容易进入); 水汽较多(靠近河流易产生浓雾)。乙路段。乙 路段地势较甲路段(更)低平,(离山较远,冷 空气更容易进入),接近(开阔)河谷的路段比 甲路段更长(水汽较多)。
(2)东北方向:山前到公路间的区域较狭窄, 相邻山坡比较陡,有峭壁,存在洪水、滑坡 等自然灾害的隐患。南偏西方向:山前到公 路间的区域较宽阔,可以使用的建筑用地较 多,相邻山地比较和缓,一般不存在洪水、 滑坡等自然灾害的隐患。
1.自然环境对乡村聚落的影响 (1)地形 地形对乡村聚落影响明显,平原地区 为集村,聚落住宅排列有序,形态多为团状。 山区村落多为散村,住宅排列杂乱无章。 (2)水源 聚落一般都尽量靠近水源,多沿河流 两岸、湖泊四周分布,形成“小桥流水人家” 的景观。

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第十一章 第3课时

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第十一章 第3课时

栏目导引
(3)各二项式系数的和 (a+b)n 的展开式的各个二项式系数的和等 n C0+C1+…+Cn 于 2n,即__________________=2n. n n 二项展开式中,偶数项的二项式系数的和 ______奇数项的二项式系数的和,即 C0 + 等于 n
2 - C1+C3+… Cn+…=_______________=_____. n n 2n 1
答案:
160 - x
第十一章
计数原理、概率、随机变量及其分布
栏目导引
1 n 5. 已知ax- 的展开式的第五项是常数项, x
则 n=________.
解析: 由 C4(ax) n
n- 4
1 4 4 n- 4 n- 8 x , - =Cna x
∴n-8=0⇒n=8. 答案: 8
第十一章 计数原理、概率、随机变量及其分布
栏目导引
(2x-3y)9 展开式中,求: (1)二项式系数之和; (2)各项系数之和; (3)所有奇数项系数之和.
解析: 设(2x-3y)9=a0x9+a1x8y+a2x7y2+… +a9y9 0 1 2 9 (1)二项式系数之和为 C9+C9+C9+…+C9= 29. (2)令 x=1,y=1 得各项系数之和 a0+a1+a2+…+a9=(2-3)9=-1.
第十一章
计数原理、概率、随机变量及其分布
栏目导引
【思考探究】 在公式中,交换 a,b 的顺序 对各项是否有影响?
提示: +1 项 从整体看,(a+b)n 与(b+a)n 相同,
k n- k k Tk+1=Cna b ,(b+a)n 的第
但具体到某一项是不同的,如(a+b)n 的第 k k+1 项
k n- k k T′k+1=Cnb a .

2012届《金版新学案》高三英语一轮总复习 Unit 11 Scientific achievements练习 人教大纲版

2012届《金版新学案》高三英语一轮总复习 Unit 11 Scientific achievements练习 人教大纲版

课时作业三十三SBⅡUnit 11 ScientificachievementsⅠ.单项填空1.—Why is he feeling down today?—Because the suggestion he________has been turned down.A.put away B.put upC.put down D.put forward2.People are encouraged to speak openly,but careless words are________to hurt others’ feelings.A.possible B.probableC.likely D.sure3.—I have got a headache.—No wonder.You________in front of that computer too long.A.work B.are workingC.have been working D.worked4.When the teacher told the students they would have three days’ vacation,they________at once.A.came to themselves B.came to livesC.came to their sense D.came to life5.—How about________Christmas evening party?—I should say it was________success.A.a;a B.the;aC.a;/ D.the;/6.浙江宁波鄞州期中School,________poor children in remote areas to receive education.A.aims at helping B.aiming at helpingC.aims to helping D.aimed to help7.Your idea sounds reasonable,but you still have to find some examplesto________your arguments.A.arrange B.supportC.mark D.achieve8.Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to________a good researcher.A.make B.turnC.get D.grow9.________hard Wilson practiced,the long phrases sounded unnatural on his lips.A.Whatever B.HoweverC.No matter D.Although10.Thanksgiving is a special time________we should stop and think about the good things in our lives.A.who B.whichC.why D.when11.石家庄月考谣言ly about things like love and relationships,or________things that people don’t talk openly about.A.daily B.perfectC.private D.public12.黄冈市质检have their income tax paid in time.A.announced B.announced toC.declared D.said13.Lucy has________all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.A.acquired B.finishedC.concluded D.achieved14.This district,________many famous universities,is now the new centre for Chinese science and technology.A.home to B.the home forC.base for D.based in15.They say the recorder costs 150 dollars.But I don’t think it’s worth________much.A.that B.asC.even D.ratherⅡ.完形填空合肥2011第二次教学检测Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.However,I was not thinking about the golden chain when I had to help people who__1__their way and parked in front of my house.I was growing tired of helping so many people.Almost every__2__I was awaken during a s ound night’s sleep and had to__3__someone out.Many times I was__4__by some penniless motorists who did not even thank me for the helps that they received and some even complained that I could have done__5__.One day,a young man with a week-old beard climbed out of a__6__automobile.He had no money and no food.He asked if I could give him some__7__,offer him gasoline and a meal.I told him that if he wanted to work for me,he could cut the grass,but__8__the work wasn’t necessary.Though sweaty and hungry,he worked hard.After working all day,he sat__9__to cool himself.I thanked him for his work and gave him the money he__10__.I then offered him some__11__money for a task particularly well done,but he shook his head,__12__.I never saw him again.He probably thought I helped him out that day,but that is not__13__it was.I didn’t help him.He helped me to__14__people again to repay their trust in me.He helped me to once again want to do something for those who are__15__.I wish I could thank him for__16__some of my belief in the basic__17__of others and for giving me back a little of the__18__I had lost.Because of him,I once again felt myself part of a golden chain of kindness that__19__us to others.I may have fed his body that day,but he fed my__20__.1.A.fought B.foundC.made D.lost2.A.morning B.afternoonC.night D.evening3.A.bring B.helpC.carry D.drive4.A.taken for granted B.put up with C.turned down D.taken up with 5.A.less B.moreC.worse D.enough6.A.fashionable B.famousC.flashy D.shabby7.A.money B.foodC.help D.work8.A.actually B.specially C.particularly D.generally9.A.in the sun B.in the shadeC.in the field D.in the car 10.A.asked B.beggedC.needed D.charged11.A.old B.extraC.small D.good12.A.accepted B.received C.refused D.denied13.A.the situation B.the thing C.the issue D.the way14.A.believe in B.watch over C.look after D.care about15.A.in trouble B.in dangerC.in tears D.in fear16.A.forgetting B.losing C.restoring D.finding17.A.goodness B.happinessC.pleasure D.nature18.A weakness B.strengthC.optimism D.pessimism19.A.adapts B.adjustsC.devotes D.connects20.A.heart B.soulC.head D.mouthⅢ.阅读理解杭州第一次检测育种will be able to grow in soil containing salt water.Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive farms once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo,from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sciences,have spent several years researching how crops,such as rice,could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pairs have recently begun a three -year programme,funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions.The aim is to breed this capability into crops,starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 10 million hectares of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stop plants’ growth.The problem is caused by several factors.In the tropics,man-grove沼泽Mediterranean,a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,allowing sea water to flow slowly in.In Latin America,irrigation often causes problems when蒸发,leaving salt deposits behind.Too much salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally.Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems,Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affectthe plants’ growth.They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop,but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known,Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the genes into all manners of crops and nd that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again,providing much needed food for the poorer countries of the world.1.Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?A.They are husband and wife.B.They are students at Sussex University.C.They are farmers from the Mediterranean.D.They are colleagues at an institution.2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?A.Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B.Sea level has been continuously rising.C.The water table has gone down after droughts.D.Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.3.The word “affect” in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by________.A.benefit B.balanceC.influence D.protect4.The attitude of the author towards the research project is________.A.positive B.negativeC.suspicious D.indifferentⅣ.书面表达学年杭州学军中学高三年级第一次月考假如你是李华,你们学校最近开展了创建“平安校园”的活动。

《金版新学案》2012高三地理一轮 第三章 章末高效提升课件 湘教版必修1

《金版新学案》2012高三地理一轮 第三章 章末高效提升课件 湘教版必修1

练规范、练技能、练速度
解析: 主要考查读图分析能力和运用所学 解析: 知识解决问题的能力,综合性强。解答此题: 知识解决问题的能力,综合性强。解答此题: 一是读图提取有效信息,如山脉的位置, 一是读图提取有效信息,如山脉的位置,阳 坡和阴坡,山麓、山顶的自然带等; 坡和阴坡,山麓、山顶的自然带等;二是明 确雪线的高度与所处的迎风坡与背风坡、 确雪线的高度与所处的迎风坡与背风坡、阳 坡与阴坡及降水量的多少有关。 坡与阴坡及降水量的多少有关。
1.图中的虚线表示雪线,则下列说法正确的 .图中的虚线表示雪线, ) 是( A.N坡既是向阳坡,又是迎风坡 坡既是向阳坡, . 坡既是向阳坡 B.N坡是向阳坡,S坡是迎风坡 坡是向阳坡, 坡是迎风坡 . 坡是向阳坡 C.S坡既是向阳坡,又是迎风坡 坡既是向阳坡, . 坡既是向阳坡 D.S坡是向阳坡,N坡是迎风坡 坡是向阳坡, 坡是迎风坡 . 坡是向阳坡
(2011·长春调研 右图所示是一座相对高度为 长春调研)右图所示是一座相对高度为 长春调研 右图所示是一座相对高度为3 000米的山体,山体的某一侧水汽较充足,① 米的山体, 米的山体 山体的某一侧水汽较充足, ②③④表示不同的自然带 据此回答1~ 题 表示不同的自然带, ②③④表示不同的自然带,据此回答 ~2题。
3.环境变迁和人类活动。全球变暖可能会导 .环境变迁和人类活动。 致雪线向更高海拔地区推进。 致雪线向更高海拔地区推进。臭氧层破坏使 得到达地表的紫外线增加,使雪线上升。 得到达地表的紫外线增加,使雪线上升。沙 漠化造成了气候变干, 漠化造成了气候变干,致使局部地区雪线有 所上升。 所上升。 4.另外,必须明确,一个地方的雪线位置不 .另外,必须明确, 是固定不变的,随季节变化而变化: 是固定不变的,随季节变化而变化:夏季气 温较高,雪线上升;冬季气温较低, 温较高,雪线上升;冬季气温较低,雪线下 降。

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第十一章 第1课时

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第十一章 第1课时

(本栏目内容,在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订!)一、选择题1.从1到10的正整数中,任意抽取两个相加所得和为奇数的不同情形的种数是() A.10B.15C.20 D.25解析:当且仅当偶数加上奇数后和为奇数,从而不同情形有5×5=25(种).答案: D2.集合P={x,1},Q={y,1,2},其中x,y∈{1,2,3,…,9},且P⊆Q.把满足上述条件的一对有序整数对(x,y)作为一个点的坐标,则这样的点的个数是()A.9 B.14C.15 D.21解析:当x=2时,x≠y,点的个数为1×7=7(个);当x≠2时,x=y,点的个数为7×1=7(个),则共有14个点,故选B.答案: B3.(2009·北京卷)用0到9这10个数字,可以组成没有重复数字的三位偶数的个数为()A.324 B.328C.360 D.648解析:当0排在末位时,有9×8=72(个),当0不排在末位时,有4×8×8=256(个).于是由分类计数原理,得符合题意的偶数共有72+256=328(个).答案: B4.设直线方程为Ax+By=0,从1、2、3、4、5中每次取两个不同的数作为A、B的值,则所得不同直线的条数为()A.20 B.19C.18 D.16解析:确定直线只需依次确定A、B的值即可,先确定A有5种取法,再确定B有4种取法,由分步乘法计数原理得5×4=20,但x+2y=0与2x+4y=0,2x+y=0与4x+2y =0表示相同的直线,应减去,所以不同直线的条数为20-2=18.答案: C5.(2011·广东揭阳二模)若三角形的三边均为正整数,其中一边长为4,另外两边长分别为b、c,且满足b≤4≤c,则这样的三角形有()A.10个B.14个C.15个D.21个解析:当b=1时,c=4;当b=2时,c=4,5;当b=3时,c=4,5,6;当b=4时,c =4,5,6,7.故共有10个这样的三角形,选A.答案: A6.从集合{1,2,3,4,…,10}中,选出由5个数组成的子集,使得这5个数中任意两个数的和都不等于11,则这样的子集有()A.32个B.34个C.36个D.38个解析:先把数字分成5组:{1,10},{2,9},{3,8},{4,7},{5,6},由于选出的5个数中,任意两个数的和都不等于11,所以这5个数必须各来自上面5组中的一个元素,故共可组成2×2×2×2×2=25=32(个)这样的子集.故应选A.答案: A二、填空题7.集合A含有5个元素,集合B含有3个元素.从A到B可有________个不同映射.解析:A中的任一元素去选择B中的某一元素都有3种方法,且要完成一个映射应该使A中的每一个元素在B中都能找到唯一的元素与之对应,由乘法原理知共有3×3×3×3×3=35=243个.答案: 2438.(2011·常德模拟)现从甲、乙、丙等6名学生中安排4人参加4×100 m 接力赛跑.第一棒只能从甲、乙两人中安排1人,第四棒只能从甲、丙两人中安排1人,则不同的安排方案共有______种.解析: 若甲跑第一棒,则丙跑第四棒,此时不同的安排方法有4×3=12种;若乙跑第一棒,则不同的安排方法有2×4×3=24种,故不同的安排方法共有24+12=36种.答案: 369.电视台在“欢乐今宵”节目中拿出两个信箱,其中存放着先后两次竞猜中成绩优秀的观众来信,甲信箱中有30封,乙信箱中有20封,现由主持人抽奖确定幸运观众,若先确定一名幸运之星,再从两信箱中各确定一名幸运伙伴,有______种不同的结果.解析: 分两类:(1)幸运之星在甲箱中抽,先定幸运之星,再在两箱中各定一名幸运伙伴有30×29×20=17 400种结果;(2)幸运之星在乙箱中抽,同理有20×19×30=11 400(种)结果,因此共有不同结果17 400+11 400=28 800(种).答案: 28 800三、解答题10.在四棱锥中,所有的棱与底面对角线所在的直线共10条,求异面直线的对数. 解析:如图,在四棱锥V -ABCD 中,四条侧棱,底面内六条直线都分别是共面的,只有侧棱和底面直线之间可能有异面关系,底面内四条边中,以AB 为例,可与VC ,VD 构成异面直线,共有4×2=8对,对角线AC 可与VD ,VB 构成异面直线,DB 可与VA ,VC 构成异面直线,共有4对,所以,异面直线共有8+4=12对.11.设x ,y ∈N *,直角坐标平面中的点为P (x ,y ).(1)若x +y ≤6,这样的P 点有多少个?(2)若1≤x ≤4,1≤y ≤5,这样的P 点又有多少个?【解析方法代码108001140】解析: (1)当x =1、2、3、4、5时,y 值依次有5、4、3、2、1个,不同P 点共有5+4+3+2+1=15(个);(2)x 有1、2、3、4这4个不同值,而y 有1、2、3、4、5这5个不同值,共有不同P 点4×5=20(个).12.从{-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4}中任选三个不同元素作为二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 的系数,问能组成多少条图象为经过原点且顶点在第一象限或第三象限的抛物线?【解析方法代码108001141】解析: 抛物线经过原点,得c =0,当顶点在第一象限时,a <0,-b 2a>0, 即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a <0,b >0,则有3×4=12(种); 当顶点在第三象限时,a >0,-b 2a<0, 即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a >0,b >0,则有4×3=12(种);共计有12+12=24(种).。

《金版新学案》安徽省2012高三物理一轮_第9章_第一讲_电磁感应产生的条件_楞次定律精品课件

《金版新学案》安徽省2012高三物理一轮_第9章_第一讲_电磁感应产生的条件_楞次定律精品课件

3.使线圈面积有扩大或缩小的趋 势——“增缩减扩”. 例: 如右图所示, 磁铁某一极靠近 可自由移动的导体棒组成的回路 时, 导体棒将互相靠近, 反之则互 相远离.
4.阻碍原电流的变化(自感现象)——“增反减 同”. 例:如下图所示,电路稳定后,小灯泡有一定 的亮度,现将一与螺线管等长的软铁棒沿管的 轴线迅速插入螺线管内,在插入过程中感应电 流的方向与线圈中的原电流方向相反,小灯泡 变暗.
B.①③ D.③④
解析: ①选项中,当磁铁向下运动时:闭 合线圈中原磁场的方向——向下;穿过闭合 线圈的磁通量的变化——增加;感应电流产 生的磁场方向——向上;利用安培定则判断 感应电流的方向——与图中箭头方向相 反.所以①错误;同理可判断,②错误,③ ④正确.故选项D正确. 答案: D
感应电流方向的判断方法: 方法一:右手定则(适用于部分导体切割磁感线) 方法二:楞次定律 楞次定律的应用步骤 可以用下面的方框图加以概括:
1-1:(2011· 海阳月考)如图所示,四组同学分别 制作探究电磁感应现象的实验装置,在一根较长 的铁钉上用漆包线绕两个线圈a和b,将与线圈 b 相连的cd漆包线水平置于小磁针的正上方,小磁 针静止放在水平桌面上,若某一组同学在闭合开 关S瞬间,从上向下俯视看,小磁针N极顺时针 偏转,那么该组同学是用了下面哪组装置( )
力, 因为 ab 在 MN 处的磁场垂直纸面向里, 由左手 定则可判断 MN 中的感应电流由 M→N,再由安培 定则可知 L1 中感应电流的磁场方向向上. 根据楞次 定律判断:①L2 中磁场方向向上减弱时,PQ 中电 流为 Q→P 且减小,从而判断 PQ 向右减速运动; ②L2 中磁场方向向下增强时, 中电流为 P→Q 且 PQ 增大,判断 PQ 向左加速运动.故正确选项为 C. 答案: C

【浙江专版】《金版新学案》高三英语一轮配套测评卷 新人教版必修3

【浙江专版】《金版新学案》高三英语一轮配套测评卷 新人教版必修3

【浙江专版】《金版新学案》高三英语一轮配套测评卷新人教版必修3——高三一轮[R教]英语卷(三)必修3学校:____________ 班级:__________ 姓名:__________ 考号:__________第Ⅰ卷 (选择题,共80分)第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节单项填空(共20小题;每小题0.5分,满分10分)1.—Thank you very much for helping me out of trouble,Bob.—________.A.With pleasure B.Don’t mention itC.That’s right D.I hope so2.In most western countries on April Fool’s Day,people often play________trick on each other;children especially have great________fun.A.a;a B.the;the C./;a D.a;/3.When I talked about the thing,I felt Jane watching me uncomfortably,looking________she wished to speak.A.as though B.even though C.so that D.in case4.—Does coffee really work when you have to work late into night?—Yes.As far as I’m concerned,I feel very________after a coffee.A.energetic B.normal C.adequate D.sensitive5.If he________quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.A.lies B.lay C.had lain D.should lie 6.The letter he had been looking forward to________at last this morning.A.come B.comes C.coming D.came7.—________you like that latest type of car so much,why not buy it?—Well,I can’t afford so expensive a car.It is worth 200,000 yuan.A.As if B.Even if C.Now that D.In case8.—Could you give us some advice about this competition?—If you want to win first prize,your design for the museum must be________.A.careful B.obvious C.clear D.novel9.Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire.________it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.A.Even B.Still C.Thus D.Yet10.—We don’t permit________in our school.Would you please put your cigarette out?—Forgive me.I didn’t know.A.to smoking B.to smoke C.smoking D.having smoked11.Prices of the basic necessities of life have been going up sharply since word came that war would________between the two countries soon.A.watch out B.break out C.die out D.give out12.—Have you got any money________you?I want to buy that book.—I’m afraid not.A.by B.about C.for D.on13.He has been acting strangely these days.I can’t________his actions at all.A.account for B.ask for C.call for D.stand for 14.—The trip must have been terrible,wasn’t it?—No.________,I enjoyed every minute.A.On the other hand B.At one timeC.At the same time D.On the contrary15.The two parties are holding the talk in a friendly________at present.Hopefully,they will reach an agreement.A.atmosphere B.conditionC.situation D.phenomenon16.(2010年皖南八校第二次联考)Do come here on Monday,________we,as planned,will take part in the gathering of AIDS prevention volunteers.A.then B.and C.therefore D.or17.When you look for a job,it’s not your book knowledge but your experience________matters more.A.whether B.which C.what D.that18.Living in the dormitory means________to take care of yourself,understand each other’s differences and share________interests.A.to learn;common B.learning;ordinaryC.to learn;ordinary D.learning;common19.After the financial crisis,new measures taken by the government brought new development opportunities and helped the industry back to rapid growth path.Now,trade is________again.A.sending up B.picking up C.setting up D.making up20.I________on my report next week,so I won’t be able to meet you.A.am working B.will be workingC.was working D.have been working第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)(2010届英语周报第7期) Five and a half years ago my father was suddenly rushed to the hospital for an operation.At the time,we had no idea that he was__21__ill.The operation did not go well and he remained__22__.Due to the laws of our state,we were__23__to keep him on a ventilator (呼吸机) for 72 hours against his wish of stopping medical treatment if he was too ill.At the end of day two,I was__24__in the waiting room and watching others walk their fathers around who had had__25__.Typically,I am very happy for others that are__26__,but that evening,I guess I was a little__27__because I finally realized I would__28__be a ble to hold my father’s hand and walk down the hall again.I had to jump up and run down the hall to__29__everyone.This w as not in my nature but I just had to be__30__.After running for what seemed like a long time,I went into a rest room.I sat in a stall (小隔间) and__31__for at least five minutes.When I came out of the stall there was a__32__by the sink.I went to__33__on the water to wash my face and she came to hug me though I didn’t know her.She held onto me__34__I finally stopped crying.Then she grabbed a paper towel,wet it and__35__it to me.She looked at me and smiled and then left.She never spoke one word but she touched my__36__.She__37__me that you do not need to be a conversationalist to help__38__the hurt in others.Never__39__to hug someone who may need it today.You can make a__40__in someone’s life without ever speaking one word.21.A.slightly B.seriously C.probably D.simply22.A.uncomfortable B.uneasy C.unfortunate D.unconscious 23.A.inspired B.trained C.forced D.forbidden 24.A.sitting B.playing C.chatting D.reading25.A.dinners B.doubts C.ideas D.operations26.A.changing B.recovering C.returning D.leaving27.A.angry B.pleased C.curious D.foolish28.A.even B.still C.never D.always29.A.catch up with B.adapt to C.play jokes on D.get away from30.A.single B.alone C.negative D.impolite31.A.cried B.shouted C.laughedD.complained32.A.doctor B.manager C.stranger D.nurse33.A.turn B.put C.take D.try34.A.but B.since C.when D.until35.A.said B.handed C.lent D.sold36.A.face B.hair C.heart D.leg37.A.taught B.promised C.reminded D.introduced38.A.see B.remember C.describe D.heal39.A.learn B.hesitate C.continue D.dream 40.A.choice B.mistake C.difference D.decision第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)AFor many people in the US,sports are not just for fun.They’re almost a “religion”.Thousands of sports fans buy expensive tickets to watch their favorite teams and athletes play in person.Other fans watch the games at home,sticking to their TV sets,never missing a game.Many a wife becomes a “sports widow” during her husband’s favorite season.Americans’ devotion to sp orts has created a new class of we althy people:professional athletes.Sports stars often receive million­dollar salaries.Some even make big money by appearing in advertisements for soft drinks,shoes and almost everything.Sports are an important part of American culture.Throughout their school life,Americans learn to play many sports.Many students try out for the school teams.Athletic events at universities attract scores of fans and benefit the whole community.Many people also enjoy non­competitive activit ies,like hiking,cycling,horseback riding,camping or hunting.Many sports were imported from other countries.Europeans brought tennis,golf,bowling and boxing to America.Football and baseball came from other Old World games.Only basketball has a truly American origin.Americans export sports fever as well.Satellites broadcast games to sports fans around the globe.NBA is a good example.The names of American superstars like basketball great Michael Jordan have become household words all over the world.41.Many a wife becomes a “sports widow” in the US probably because________.A.they are serious in religionB.they are devoted to sportsC.their husbands stick to sportsD.their husbands are missing42.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.The US sports stars can earn a large sum of money via the media.B.American students go in for various sports and athletic events.C.Lots of American people take part in non­competitive activities.D.American people like to exchange different sports from each other.43.We can infer from the passage that________.A.all the Americans are sports fansB.sports culture influences the worldC.most Americans like competitionD.America has invented many sports44.The writer mainly intends to tell us________.A.how important sports are in AmericaB.where sports can help to make moneyC.why sports are so popular in AmericaD.what affect Americans’ everyday lifeB(2009年东城检测一)A handsome middle­aged man walked quietly into the café and sat down.Before he ordered,he coul dn’t help but noticed a group of younger men at the table next to him.It was obvious they were making fun of something about him and it wasn’t until he remembered he was wearing a small pink ribbon (丝带) on the lapel of his suit that he became aware of what the joke was all about.The man pretended not to notice it,but the whisper and laughter began to get to him.He looked one of the rude young men straight into the eye,placed his hand beneath the ribbon and asked,“This?”With that the young men all began to laugh out loud.The man he spoke to said,“Hey,sorry,man,but we were just commenting on how pretty your little pink ribbon looks against your blue jacket!”The middle­aged man calmly invited the joker to come over to his table,and politely seated him.As uncomfortable as he was,the young guy had to,not really sure why.In a soft voice,the middle­aged man said,“I wear this ribbon to bring awareness about breast cancer.I wear it in my mother’s honor.”“Oh,sorry.She died of breast cancer?”“No,she didn’t.She’s al ive and well.But her breasts nourished me as a baby,and were a soft resting place for my head when I was scared or lonely as a little boy.I’m very grateful for my mother’s breasts,and her health.”“Umm,”the young replied,“yeah.”“And I wear this ribbon to honor my wife,”the man continued.“And she’s okay,too?”the young guy asked.“Oh,yes.She’s fine.Her breasts have been a great source of loving pleasure for both of us,and with them she nurtured and nourished our daughter 23 years ago.I’m grateful for my wif e’s breasts,and her health.”“Uh,huh.And I guess you wear it to honor your daughter,also?”“No.It’s too late to honor my daughter by wearing it now...”Shaken and ashamed,the young guy said,“Oh,I’m so sorry,mister.”“So,in my daughter’s memory,too,I proudly wear this little ribbon,which allows me the opportunity to enlighten others.And here...”With this,he reached in his pocket and handed the young man a little pink ribbon.The young guy looked at it,slowly raised his head and asked,“...?”45.The young men joked about the middle­aged man’s ______.A.looks B.ribbon C.attitude D.clothes46.What may have happened to the man’s daughter?A.She died of breast cancer. B.She was ill with cancer.C.She had gone abroad. D.She got married.47.What will the young man probably ask at the end of the story?A.May I give it to my mother? B.Can you help me put it on?C.Will you please forgive me? D.Shall we have some drink together?48.What is the best title for the passage?A.An Unusual Meeting B.An Impressive LessonC.Be Grateful to Your Beloved D.A Little Pink RibbonC(2009年重庆第一次诊断) New York—Wednesday,October fifteenth,is the first Global Hand Washing Day.Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap.Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so­called critical moments.These include after using the toilet,after cleaning ababy and before touching food.Global Hand Washing D ay is the idea of the Public­Private Partnership for Hand Washing with Soap.The goal,they say,is to create a culture of hand washing with soap.The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease­causing germs (病菌).They say the correct way to wash hands is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap.Rub it into all areas,including under the fingernails.Then,rinse well under running water.Finally,dry your hands with a clean cloth.The Partnership says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing.Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs.And it usually leaves a pleasant smell,which increases the likelihood that people will wash again.It also says washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any medicine.It could help reduce cases of diarrhea (痢疾),which is the second leading cause of child deaths,killing more than one and a half million children a year,by almost half.49.The most suitable title for the text would be________.A.Hand Washing Brings Good HealthB.Hand Washing Gets a Day of Its OwnC.It Is Soap That MattersD.Partnership for Hand Washing Takes Action50.The Partnership creates Global Hand Washing Day to ________.A.call on people to wash handsB.help the developing countriesC.promote the importance of soap in hand washingD.make a culture of hand washing in the third world51.The following facts can explain why soap is important EXCEPT that________.A.soap gives people a longer hand washing timeB.soap helps to get rid of more germs off handsC.soap attracts people to do more hand washingD.soap gets people into the habit of washing hands52.According to the last paragraph,diarrhea is a disease that________.A.kills half of the kids in developing countriesB.causes the greatest number of child deathsC.can be prevented by washing hands with soapD.makes soap stand out in hand washingD(2009年南昌调研) Many people wonder why the United States has been a hot spot for Chinese students for years,despite its extremely strict visa policy.On the other hand,China’s rise as an economic powerhouse is resulting in a rapid expansion of its higher education system,making it the faster­growing destination for American foreign exchan ge students.Recently,according to a study by the Institute of International Education,a research organization based in New York,the number of American students seeking higher education in China has never been greater,increasing by 90 percent from 2002 to 2004.Alan Goodman,president of the institute,believes that the_phenomenon lies in the pace of change in China,which is spending billions of dollars to expend and transform its higher educational facilities into world­class institutions.“China is a job mar ket,” said Professor Chou,professor of East Asian Studies at Princeton University.“Twenty years ago,only those interested in Chinese literature would study the Chinese language.Now all professors have opened up.”China now ranks 9th as a host destination for American students,advancing fromthe No.12 spot it held a year earlier.The study revealed that Britain continues to be the leading destination,attracting 16.8 percent of all American students who study abroad.On the other hand,in the 2004~2005 academic year,China sent more than 62,000 students to the United States,nearly 60 percent more than a decade earlier.According to the study,the Chinese now make up 11 percent of foreign students in the United States,the second­largest group behind students from Ind ia.53.From the first paragraph,we know that for many years Chinese students want to go to the US but________.A.Chinese government refuses to give a visaB.it is extremely difficult to get a visaC.it results in a rapid expansionD.China becomes a fast­gr owing country54.According to the text,“the phenomenon” in the second paragraph refers to________.A.more American students’ seeking higher education in ChinaB.the pace of change in China during the past few yearsC.founding a research organization based in New YorkD.expending and transforming its higher educational facilities55.Ten years ago,China sent about________students to the United States.A.62,000 B.55,000 C.38,750 D.6,82056.What is the main idea of this text?A.American students are looking for destinations.B.American students are interested in Chinese culture.C.Britain continues to be the leading destination.D.China grows as a study hot spot for US students.E(2010年长春第一次调研) In the age of reality television,success isn’t the only wa y to the public eye.Failure can also create fame,just like William Hung,21,a native of Hong Kong.Hung recently has made an agreement with US­based entertainment firms Koch Records and Fuse Music Network.They’ll publish a record,titled The True Idol on April 6.The idol is a civil engineering student at the University of California at Berkeley.He did a version of Ricky Martin’s She Bangs on the television show American Idol 3,on January 27.The Fox TV singing contest searches for pop stars among ordinary people.In the case of Hung,however,his act was so bad that the judges cut him off in mid­act.Hung’s response?“I already did my best,so I have no regrets at all.” That’s good,because any common person would have found plenty to regret:the off­key singing,the blue Hawaiian shirt worn with pants pulled up too high,the terrible dancing and the hips jerking (摇摆) to a beat that did not belong to the song,maybe not even to this planet.It was,by all accounts,bad.However,it was this very bad act that sold well.Mare Juris,president of Fuse,explained it this way:“Every one of us is happily guilty of singing our favorite song at the top of our lungs with complete freedom,completely off­key and completely unworried.That’s what William did and immediately won the hearts o f America.”Whatever it is,for the moment it’s big.Three websites devoted to Hung have gone up on the Internet in the past few weeks.Versions of his performance have been remixed with hip hop and techno­music and have made it to the top 10 request list at a Chicago radio station.So,what does Hung think of this?“There were all these people saying things about me.A lot were saying I wasvery courageous and that I was great on the show,but some didn’t have much respect for me and some were kind of mean.”Now he says he’s not so sure whether to distance himself from the glamour (魅力) or to accept it.Returning to normal hasn’t been easy.57.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Something an idol behaves quite foolishly.B.Hung’s performance attracted the publ ic eye.C.How an unsuccessful person became f amous.D.Success sometimes does not require hard work.58.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?A.William Hung. B.Hung’s bad act.C.Hung’s website. D.The public’s opinion.59.Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to Hung?a.The entertainment firms made an agreement with Hung.b.The judges cut Hung off in mid­act in the singing contest.c.Hung became popular among Americans.d.Hung gave a terrible performance though he tried his best.e.Three websites put Hung’s funny performance on the Internet.A.d,b,e,c,a B.a,c,d,b,eC.a,d,b,c,e D.d,b,a,e,c60.Why was Hung able to win the hearts of America?A.His success was based on his own hard work.B.He att racted people’s attention in the contest.C.He was good­looking though he didn’t sing well.D.His character was completely different from other idols’第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)(杭州十四中2010届第四次月考英语试卷) Li Hua has just come back from the US and intends to give some of his relatives mentioned in 61~65 some books as gifts.He brings back six books (A~F).After the description of each person,decide which book is the most suitable one for the people and then mark the correct letter(A~F)on your answer sheet.There is one extra book,which you do not need to use.61.________Li Hua’s uncle is fond of reading story books.He reads all kinds of stories such as love stories,historical stories,detective stories,etc.However,there is no doubt that science fiction stories are his favorites.62.________Li Hua’s mother works for a local newspaper.She used to write a column (专栏) about love but now she is making a survey about how much foreigners know about Chinese people and culture.She has been collecting materials in China and from abroad.63.________Li Hua’s father is a history teacher who is very interested in the history of China,especially China’s modern history.What’s more,he pays special attention to the development of China’s minority areas.64.________Li Hua’s cousin is a senior middle school student who is going to take the College Entrance Examination next year.But she is not good at English,especially English grammar.So she is looking for some books which are helpful.65.________Li Hua’s little brother is studying in a Middle School.He as well as some other students is going to pay a visit to an American middle school and stay there for three weeks.He is a little worried because he knows nothing about American school life.A.Into Tibet:The CIA’s First Spy and His Secret Expedit ion to Lhasa (by Thomas Laird)This book introduces the identity and specific spy activities of Douglas Mackiernan,the first CIA agent (中情局探员) who was killed on duty by armedTibetans.The author of the book based his description on detailed research based on the memories of former CIA agents and interviews with related eyewitnesses in Tibet and India.B. Practical English Usage (by Michael Swan)This book is a practical reference guide to language points.It deals with over 600 points which regularly cause problems for foreign students of English.Most of the points treated are grammatical,but there are also explanations of a certain number of common vocabulary problems.Being a reference book,it contains information at various levels,ranging from relatively simple points to quite advanced problems.C.Battlefield Earth (by L.Ron Hubbard)An intelligent and creative masterwork of adventure in the far future,L.Ron Hubbard’s Battlefield Earth describes an Earth controlled for a thousand years by an alien invader (入侵者)—and man is an endangered species.New York Times best­selling author L.Ron Hubbard has created a vast,unforgettable and exciting world in Battlefield Earth.D.Xu Ling’s American Adventure ( by Mary Williams)Xu Ling is an excellent Chinese student from Hangzhou.As his father goes to America for a one­year training,Xu Ling,as well as his mother goes with his father and begins his new life in Eisenhower High School.The book consists of 21 chapters,each reflecting Xu Ling’s life in America in a differen t aspects.The book is written in the most fundamental words and is intended for Chinese middle school students.E.Chicken Soup for the Couple’s Soul (by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen) This is a book for husbands and wives and lovers and anyone who dreams of finding their soul’s true mate (配偶).Each story in this book was written by someone who has been transformed by love.Some stories will make you laugh.Some will make you cry.But above all,the stories in this book sing high praise for love’s ability to endure,beyond years,beyond difficulty,beyond distance,beyond even death.F.Where’s the Duck in Peking?( by Cliff Schimmels)Whether you are a China expert or a novice,this book will give you insight into the hearts and minds of the Chinese people.Cliff brings the reader to tears on one page and belly laughter on the next.This profound look into China’s everyday life is a must­read for anyon e interested in working in China or working with the Chinese people.第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题,共40分)第三部分:写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)(杭州十四中2010届第四次月考英语试卷) In many western cou ntries heavy industry is high developed.The difference between heavy and light industry are based on the nature of the goods produced.Heavy industry produce machines while light industry uses machines produce smaller objects required for various purpose in our home and offices.The growth of industry in a country depended on the general level of economic or industrial development.In its beginning,industrialization is like to be cheap.To decrease costs,industrialists in an area usually reliable on local supplies of coal and electric power for their operations.第二节书面表达(满分30分)(2010年湖北重点中学第二次联考) 上周五下午四点左右,学生会搞了一次环保活动,35名学生到中山公园拾垃圾。

《金版新学案》2012高三地理一轮 第一章 章末高效提升课件 湘教版必修2

《金版新学案》2012高三地理一轮 第一章 章末高效提升课件 湘教版必修2

1.光照图的分类 . 常见的光照图形式很多, 常见的光照图形式很多,主要分为以下三种类型
全图
1/2图 图
1/4图 图
局部图
极点俯 视图
全图
1/2图 图
1/4图 图
局部图
侧视图
圆柱投影 图
2.光照图的判读技巧 光照图的判读技巧 光照图虽然形式多变, 光照图虽然形式多变,但只要抓住图中关键的 “点、线、面、角”等,就可以找到解题的突 破口。 破口。 解题 关键 主要特征与相关现象 位于南、北回归线上或南、北回归线之间, 位于南、北回归线上或南、北回归线之间,太阳直 射点所在经线的地方时为12时 射点所在经线的地方时为 时 太阳 直射点的纬度和晨昏线与纬线圈相切点的纬度互余 点 直射 所在经线各地太阳高度达一天中最大(正午太阳高 所在经线各地太阳高度达一天中最大 正午太阳高 点 度);全球太阳高度的分布:从太阳直射点向四周 ;全球太阳高度的分布: 依次递减;全球正午太阳高度的分布: 依次递减;全球正午太阳高度的分布:从太阳直射 点向南北两侧递减
解题关键
主要特征与相关现象
昼夜的范 围,南、 面 北极圈内 极昼和极 夜的范围
若越向北,昼越长,北半球处于夏半年; 若越向北,昼越长,北半球处于夏半年; 反之,为冬半年。北极圈出现极昼, 反之,为冬半年。北极圈出现极昼,日期 日前后; 为6月22日前后;出现极夜,日期为 月 月 日前后 出现极夜,日期为12月 22日前后。只在每年 月21日和 月23日前 日前后。 日和9月 日前 日前后 只在每年3月 日和 北极点周围无极昼、 后,南、北极点周围无极昼、极夜现象
光照图的判读
1.(2010·上海地理 下图为某日部分地区昼夜示意图, 上海地理)下图为某日部分地区昼夜示意图 上海地理 下图为某日部分地区昼夜示意图, 阴影部分表示黑夜,其余部分表示白昼。 阴影部分表示黑夜,其余部分表示白昼。读图回答 问题。 问题。

《金版教程(物理)》2024导学案选择性必修第一册人教版新模块综合测评含答案

《金版教程(物理)》2024导学案选择性必修第一册人教版新模块综合测评含答案

《金版教程(物理)》2024导学案选择性必修第一册人教版新模块综合测评模块综合测评本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,满分100分,考试时间75分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共50分)一、选择题(本题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~7题只有一项符合题目要求,第8~10题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分)1.下列说法正确的是()A.物体做受迫振动时,驱动力频率越高,受迫振动的物体振幅越大B.医生利用超声波探测病人血管中血液的流速应用了多普勒效应C.两列波发生干涉,振动加强区质点的位移总比振动减弱区质点的位移大D.一列波通过小孔发生了衍射,波源频率越大,观察到的衍射现象越明显答案 B解析物体做受迫振动的频率等于驱动力的频率,当驱动力的频率等于系统的固有频率时,振幅达到最大,这种现象称为共振,A错误;医院检查身体的彩超仪是通过测量反射波的频率变化来确定血流的速度,显然是运用了多普勒效应原理,B正确;两列波发生干涉,振动加强区质点的振幅比振动减弱区质点的振幅大,不能说振动加强区质点的位移总比振动减弱区质点的位移大,C错误;一列波通过小孔发生了衍射,如果孔的尺寸大小不变,使波源频率增大,因为波速不变,知,波长减小,衍射现象变得不那么明显了,D错误。

根据λ=vf2.关于光,下列说法正确的是()A.光在水中的传播速度大于在空气中的传播速度B.树荫下的太阳光斑大多呈圆形是因为光的衍射C.透过竖直放置的肥皂膜看竖直的日光灯,能看到彩色干涉条纹D.当光在水面上发生反射时,反射光是偏振光答案 D解析由v=c可知,光在水中的传播速度小于在空气中的传播速度,A错误;树荫下的太阳光n斑大多是由小孔成像形成的,故呈圆形,B 错误;薄膜干涉条纹的产生是由于光线在薄膜前后两表面反射形成的两列光波叠加,而不是透过了薄膜,C 错误;当光在水面上发生反射时,反射光是偏振光,D 正确。

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第一章 第3课时

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第一章 第3课时

(本栏目内容,在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订!)一、选择题1.将“x 2+y 2≥2xy ”改写成全称命题,下列说法正确的是( )A .∀x ,y ∈R ,都有x 2+y 2≥2xyB .∃x ,y ∈R ,都有x 2+y 2≥2xyC .∀x >0,y >0,都有x 2+y 2≥2xyD .∃x <0,y <0,都有x 2+y 2≤2xy解析: 全称命题是∀x ,y ∈R ,x 2+y 2≥2xy 都成立,故选A.答案: A2.若命题p :∀x ∈R,2x 2-1>0,则该命题的否定是( )A .∀x ∈R,2x 2-1<0B .∀x ∈R,2x 2-1≤0C .∃x ∈R,2x 2-1≤0D .∃x ∈R,2x 2-1>0解析: 全称命题的否定为特称命题.命题p 的否定为存在一个实数x,2x 2-1≤0,故选C.答案: C3.下列说法中,正确的是( )A .命题“若am 2<bm 2,则a <b ”的逆命题是真命题B .命题“∃x ∈R ,x 2-x >0”的否定是“∀x ∈R ,x 2-x ≤0”C .命题“p ∨q ”为真命题,则命题“p ”和命题“q ”均为真命题D .已知x ∈R ,则“x >1”是“x >2”的充分不必要条件解析: “∃x ∈R ,x 2-x >0”为特称命题,则它的否定应为全称命题,即“∀x ∈R ,x 2-x ≤0”,故选B.答案: B4.现有命题p 、q ,若命题m 为“p 且q ”,则“¬p 或¬q ”是¬m 的( )A .充分而不必要条件B .必要而不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析: p 且q 的否定是¬p 或¬q ,反之也成立.答案: C5.已知命题P :∃a ,b ∈(0,+∞),当a +b =1时,1a +1b=3;命题Q :∀x ∈R ,x 2-x +1≥0恒成立,则下列命题是假命题的是( )A .¬P ∨¬QB .¬P ∧¬QC .¬P ∨QD .¬P ∧Q解析: 由基本不等式可得:1a +1b =⎝⎛⎭⎫1a +1b ×(a +b )=2+b a +a b≥4,故命题P 为假命题,¬P 为真命题;∀x ∈R ,x 2-x +1=⎝⎛⎭⎫x -122+34>0,故命题Q 为真命题,¬Q 为假命题,¬P ∧¬Q 为假命题,故选B.答案: B6.已知命题p :“任意x ∈[1,2],x 2-a ≥0”,命题q :“存在x ∈R ,x 2+2ax +2-a =0”.若命题“p 且q ”是真命题,则实数a 的取值范围为( )A .a ≤-2或a =1B .a ≤-2或1≤a ≤2C .a ≥1D .-2≤a ≤1解析: 由已知可知p 和q 均为真命题,由命题p 为真得a ≤1,由命题q 为真得a ≤-2或a ≥1,所以a ≤-2或a =1.答案: A二、填空题7.已知命题p :“∃x ∈R *,x >1x”,命题p 的否定为命题q ,则q 是“________”;q 的真假为________.(填“真”或“假”)解析: x >1时,x ≤1x假. 答案: ∀x ∈R *,x ≤1x假 8.“若a ∉M 或a ∉P ,则a ∉M ∩P ”的逆否命题是________________________.解析: 命题“若p 则q ”的逆否命题是“若綈q 则綈p ”,本题中“a ∉M 或a ∉P ”的否定是“a ∈M 且a ∈P ”.答案: 若a ∈M ∩P ,则a ∈M 且a ∈P9.(2010·青岛模拟)命题“∃x ∈R,2x 2-3ax +9<0”为假命题,则实数a 的取值范围为________.解析: 题目中的命题为假命题,则它的否命题“∀x ∈R,2x 2-3ax +9≥0”为真命题,也就是常见的“恒成立”问题,只需Δ=9a 2-4×2×9≤0,即可解得-22≤a ≤2 2.答案: [-22,22]三、解答题10.分别指出下列命题的形式及构成它的简单命题,并判断真假.(1)相似三角形周长相等或对应角相等;(2)9的算术平方根不是-3;(3)垂直于弦的直径平分这条弦,并且平分这条弦所对的两条弧.解析: (1)这个命题是p ∨q 的形式,其中p :相似三角形周长相等,q :相似三角形对应角相等,因为p 假q 真,所以p ∨q 为真.(2)这个命题是¬p 的形式,其中p :9的算术平方根是-3,因为p 假,所以¬p 为真.(3)这个命题是p ∧q 的形式,其中p :垂直于弦的直径平分这条弦,q :垂直于弦的直径平分这条弦所对的两条弧,因为p 真q 真,所以p ∧q 为真.11.写出下列命题的否定并判断其真假:(1)p :不论m 取何实数,方程x 2+mx -1=0必有实数根;(2)p :有的三角形的三条边相等;(3)p :∃x 0∈N ,x 20-2x 0+1≤0.解析: (1)¬p :存在一个实数m ,使方程x 2+mx -1=0没有实数根.因为该方程的判别式Δ=m 2+4>0恒成立,故¬p 为假命题.(2)¬p :所有的三角形的三条边不全相等.显然¬p 为假命题.(3)¬p :∀x ∈N ,x 2-2x +1>0.显然当x =1时,x 2-2x +1>0不成立,故¬p 是假命题.12.已知两个命题p :sin x +cos x >m ,q :x 2+mx +1>0.如果对∀x ∈R ,p 与q 有且仅有一个是真命题.求实数m 的取值范围.解析: ∵sin x +cos x =2sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫x +π4≥-2, ∴当p 是真命题时,m <- 2.又∵对∀x ∈R ,q 为真命题,即x 2+mx +1>0恒成立,有Δ=m 2-4<0,∴-2<m <2.∴当p 为真,q 为假时,m <-2,且m ≤-2或m ≥2,即m ≤-2,当p 为假,q 为真时,m ≥-2且-2<m <2,即-2≤m <2,。

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第一章 第2课时

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第一章 第2课时

(本栏目内容,在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订!)一、选择题1.在△ABC 中,a 、b 分别是角A 、B 所对的边,则“a =b ”是“sin A =sin B ”的( )A .充要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充分不必要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析: 若a =b ,由正弦定理得sin A =sin B .反过来,若sin A =sin B ,则A =B 或A +B =180°,而A +B =180°不合题意,从而只有A =B 成立,所以a =b .故选A.答案: A2.下列说法中正确的是( )A .一个命题的逆命题为真,则它的逆否命题一定为真B .“a >b ”与“a +c >b +c ”不等价C .“a 2+b 2=0,则a ,b 全为0”的逆否命题是“若a ,b 全不为0,则a 2+b 2≠0”D .一个命题的否命题为真,则它的逆命题一定为真解析: 否命题和逆命题是互为逆否命题,有着一致的真假性.答案: D3.“k =1”是“直线x -y +k =0与圆x 2+y 2=1相交”的( )A .充分而不必要条件B .必要而不充分条件C .充分必要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析: 当k =1时,圆心到直线的距离d =|k |2=22<1.此时直线与圆相交,所以充分性成立.反之,当直线与圆相交时,d =|k |2<1,|k |<2,不一定k =1,所以必要性不成立,故选A.答案: A4.有下列命题:( )①面积相等的三角形是全等三角形;②“若xy =0,则|x |+|y |=0”的逆命题;③“若a >b ,则a +c >b +c ”的否命题;④“矩形的对角线互相垂直”的逆否命题.其中真命题共有( )A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个解析: ①是假命题,②是真命题,③是真命题,④是假命题.答案: B5.A ={x ||x -1|≥1,x ∈R },B ={x |log 2x >1,x ∈R },则“x ∈A ”是“x ∈B ”的( )A .充分非必要条件B .必要非充分条件C .充分必要条件D .既非充分也非必要条件解析: 由已知得A =(-∞,0]∪[2,+∞),B =(2,+∞),若“x ∈B ”,则必有“x ∈A ”,反之不成立,即得“x ∈A ”是“x ∈B ”的必要非充分条件,故选B.答案: B6.(2010·海口模拟)已知集合A =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫x ∈R ⎪⎪12<2x <8,B ={x ∈R |-1<x <m +1},若x ∈B 成立的一个充分不必要的条件是x ∈A ,则实数m 的取值范围是( )A .m ≥2B .m ≤2C .m >2D .-2<m <2解析: A =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫x ∈R ⎪⎪12<2x <8={x |-1<x <3} ∵x ∈B 成立的一个充分不必要条件是x ∈A∴A B∴m +1>3,即m >2.答案: C二、填空题7.e 1、e 2是不共线的两个向量,a =e 1+k e 2,b =k e 1+e 2,则a ∥b 的充要条件是实数k =________.解析: a =λb ,⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧1=kλk =λ⇒k 2=1⇒k =±1. 答案: ±18.在命题“若m >-n ,则m 2>n 2”的逆命题、否命题、逆否命题中,假命题的个数是________.解析: 原命题为假命题,所以逆否命题也是假命题,逆命题“若m 2>n 2,则m >-n ”也是假命题,从而否命题也是假命题.答案: 39.给定下列命题:①若k >0,则方程x 2+2x -k =0有实数根;②“若a >b ,则a +c >b +c ”的否命题;③“矩形的对角线相等”的逆命题;④“若xy =0,则x 、y 中至少有一个为0”的否命题.其中真命题的序号是________.解析: ①∵当k >0时,Δ=4-4(-k )=4+4k >0,∴①是真命题.②否命题:“若a ≤b ,则a +c ≤b +c ”是真命题.③逆命题:“对角线相等的四边形是矩形”是假命题.④否命题:“若xy ≠0,则x 、y 都不为零”是真命题.答案: ①②④三、解答题10.写出下列命题的逆命题、否命题和逆否命题.(1)若a >b ,则ac 2>bc 2;(2)若在二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 中b 2-4ac <0,则该二次函数图象与x 轴有公共点. 解析: (1)逆命题:若ac 2>bc 2,则a >b ;否命题:若a ≤b ,则ac 2≤bc 2;逆否命题:若ac 2≤bc 2,则a ≤b .(2)逆命题:若二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 的图象与x 轴有公共点,则b 2-4ac <0.否命题:若在二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 中b 2-4ac ≥0,则该二次函数图象与x 轴没有公共点;逆否命题:若二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 的图象与x 轴没有公共点,则b 2-4ac ≥0.11.指出下列命题中,p 是q 的什么条件(在“充分不必要条件”“必要不充分条件”“充要条件”“既不充分也不必要条件”中选出一种作答).(1)对于实数x 、y ,p :x +y ≠8,q :x ≠2或y ≠6;(2)非空集合A 、B 中,p :x ∈A ∪B ,q :x ∈B .解析: (1)易知,¬p :x +y =8,¬q :x =2且y =6,显然¬q ⇒¬p ,但¬p ⇒/ ¬q ,即¬q 是¬p 的充分不必要条件,根据原命题和逆否命题的等价性知,p 是q 的充分不必要条件.(2)显然x ∈A ∪B 不一定有x ∈B ,但x ∈B 一定有x ∈A ∪B ,所以p 是q 的必要不充分条件.12.p :-2<m <0,0<n <1;q :关于x 的方程x 2+mx +n =0有两个小于1的正根.试分析p 是q 的什么条件.解析: 若关于x 的方程x 2+mx +n =0有两个小于1的正根,设为x 1,x 2,则0<x 1<1,0<x 2<1,有0<x 1+x 2<2,且0<x 1x 2<1.根据根与系数的关系⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x 1+x 2=-m ,x 1x 2=n ,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧0<-m <2,0<n <1, 即-2<m <0,0<n <1,故有q ⇒p .反之,取m =-13,n =12,x 2-13x +12=0,Δ=19-4×12<0,方程x 2+mx +n =0无实根,所以p ⇒/ q ,综上所述,p 是q 的必要不充分条件.。

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第四章 第1课时

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第四章 第1课时
平面向量、数系的扩充与复数的引入
栏目导引
平面向 量的数 量积及 平面向 量应用 举例
第四章
知识点
考纲下载
1.理解复数的基本概念. 理解复数的基本概念. 理解复数的基本概念 2.理解复数相等的充要条件. 理解复数相等的充要条件. 理解复数相等的充要条件 数系的 3.了解复数的代数表示法及其几何意 了解复数的代数表示法及其几何意 扩充与 义. 复数的 4.会进行复数代数形式的四则运算. 会进行复数代数形式的四则运算. 会进行复数代数形式的四则运算 引入 5.了解复数代数形式的加、减运算的几 了解复数代数形式的加、 了解复数代数形式的加 何意义. 何意义
解析: =-k(b- , 解析: 由已知得 a+λb=- -3a), + =-
λ=-1 =- λ=- =-k =- 3 ∴ ,解得 1 = 3k=1 = k=3
.
1 答案: 答案: -3
第四章 平面向量、数系的扩充与复数的引入
栏目导引
5.已知平面上不共线的四点 O、A、 B、C. . 、 、 、 → |AB| → → → 等于________. 若OA-3OB+2OC=0, , 则 等于 . → |BC| → → → → 解析: 由已知得, OA- OA OB=2(OB-OC), 解析: 由已知得, -OB=2(OB-OC), ,
第四章 平面向量、数系的扩充与复数的引入
栏目导引
给出下列命题: 【变式训练】 1.给出下列命题: 变式训练】 给出下列命题 ①有向线段就是向量,向量就是有向线段; 有向线段就是向量,向量就是有向线段; → → 为平行四边形; ②若AB=DC,则 ABCD 为平行四边形; ③若 a=b,b=c,则 a=c; = , = , = ; ④若 a∥b,b∥c,则 a∥c. ∥ , ∥ , ∥ 其中正确命题的个数是( 其中正确命题的个数是 A.0 . C.2 .

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第一章 章末优化训练

2012年金版新学案新编高三总复习第一章 章末优化训练

章末优化训练(本栏目内容,在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订!)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.下列特称命题中真命题的个数为()①存在实数x,使x2+2=0;②有些角的正弦值大于1;③有些函数既是奇函数又是偶函数.A.0B.1C.2 D.3解析:x2+2≥2,故①是假命题;∀x∈R均有|sin x|≤1,故②是假命题;f(x)=0既是奇函数又是偶函数,③是真命题,故选B.答案: B2.已知A,B均为集合U={1,3,5,7,9}的子集,且A∩B={3},(∁U B)∩A={9},则A=()A.{1,3} B.{3,7,9}C.{3,5,9} D.{3,9}解析:∵A∩B={3},(∁U B)∩A={9}且B∪(∁U B)=U,∴A={3,9},故选D.答案: D3.命题“若一个数是负数,则它的平方是正数”的逆命题是()A.“若一个数是负数,则它的平方不是正数”B.“若一个数的平方是正数,则它是负数”C.“若一个数不是负数,则它的平方不是正数”D.“若一个数的平方不是正数,则它不是负数”解析:结论与条件互换位置,选B.答案: B4.若向量a=(x,3)(x∈R),则“x=4”是“|a|=5”的()A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分又不必要条件解析:由x=4知|a|=42+32=5;反之,由|a|=x2+32=5,得x=4或x=-4.故“x =4”是“|a|=5”的充分而不必要条件,故选A.答案: A5.若集合A={x||x|≤1,x∈R},B={y|y=x2,x∈R},则A∩B=()A.{x|-1≤x≤1} B.{x|x≥0}C.{x|0≤x≤1} D.∅解析:∵A={x||x|≤1,x∈R}={x|-1≤x≤1},B={y|y=x2,x∈R}={y|y≥0}={x|x≥0},∴A∩B={x|0≤x≤1}.答案: C6.设全集U={x∈N*|x≤a},集合P={1,2,3},Q={4,5,6},则a∈[6,7)是∁U P=Q的() A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分又不必要条件解析:若a∈[6,7),则U={1,2,3,4,5,6},则∁U P=Q,若∁U P=Q,则U={1,2,3,4,5,6},结合数轴可得6≤a<7,故选C.答案: C7.已知M={x|x-a=0},N={x|ax-1=0},若M∩N=N,则实数a的值为()A .1B .-1C .1或-1D .0或1或-1解析: 由M ∩N =N 得N ⊆M .当a =0时,N =∅,满足N ⊆M ;当a ≠0时,M ={a },N =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫1a ,由N ⊆M 得1a =a ,解得a =±1.故选D. 答案: D8.已知实数a 、b ,则“ab ≥2”是“a 2+b 2≥4”的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析: 当ab ≥2时,a 2+b 2≥2ab ≥4,充分性成立;当a 2+b 2≥4时,取a =-1,b=3,有ab =-3<2,此时ab ≥2不成立,故必要性不成立,故选A.答案: A9.已知p :直线a 与平面α内无数条直线垂直,q :直线a 与平面α垂直,则p 是q 的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件解析: 直线a 垂直于平面α内无数条直线,但直线a 与平面α不一定垂直.如直线a 垂直于平面α内的一组平行线,反过来,直线a 垂直于平面α肯定能推出直线a 垂直于平面α内无数条直线.答案: B10.定义:A ⊗B =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫z ⎪⎪z =xy +x y ,x ∈A ,y ∈B ,设集合A ={0,2},B ={1,2},C ={1},则集合(A ⊗B )⊗C 的所有元素之和为( )A .3B .9C .18D .27解析: 当x =0,y =1时,z =0;当x =0,y =2时,z =0;当x =2,y =1时,z =4;当x =2,y =2时,z =5.所以A ⊗B ={0,4,5},同理可得(A ⊗B )⊗C ={0,8,10}.故选C.答案: C11.已知命题p :∃x ∈R ,使sin x -cos x =3,命题q :集合{x |x 2-2x +1=0,x ∈R }有2个子集,下列结论:①命题“p ∧q ”是真命题;②命题“p ∧¬q ”是假命题;③命题“¬p ∨¬q ”是真命题,正确的个数是( )A .0B .1C .2D .3解析: 由sin x -cos x =2sin ⎝⎛⎭⎫x -π4∈[-2,2],而3∉[-2,2],故命题p 是假命题;集合{x |x 2-2x +1=0,x ∈R }={1},故其子集有∅与{1}两个,命题q 是真命题.所以有命题“p ∧¬q ”是假命题,命题“¬p ∨¬q ”是真命题,②③正确,选C.答案: C12.若函数f (x ),g (x )的定义域和值域都是R ,则f (x )>g (x )(x ∈R )成立的充要条件是( )A .∃x 0∈R ,f (x 0)>g (x 0)B .有无穷多个x ∈R ,使得f (x )>g (x )C .∀x ∈R ,f (x )>g (x )+1D .R 中不存在x 使得f (x )≤g (x )解析: 要所有的x 都成立,所以对于选项A 来说显然不成立;而对于B ,由于在区间(0,1)内也有无穷个数,因此无穷性是说明不了任意性的,所以也不成立;对于C ,由C 的条件∀x ∈R ,f (x )>g (x )+1可以推导原结论f (x )>g (x )恒成立是显然的,即充分性成立,但f (x )>g (x )成立时不一定有f (x )>g (x )+1,比如f (x )=x 2+0.5,g (x )=x 2,因此必要性不成立;对于D ,必要性显然成立,由R 中不存在x 使f (x )≤g (x ),根据逆否命题与原命题的等价性,则有对于任意x ∈R 都有f (x )>g (x ),即充分性也成立,所以选D.答案: D二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分.请把正确答案填在题中横线上)13.已知集合A ={1,3,m },B ={3,4},A ∪B ={1,2,3,4},则m =________.解析: ∵A ∪B ={1,2,3,4},∴2∈(A ∪B ).∵2∉B ,∴2∈A ,∴m =2.答案: 214.设全集U =A ∪B ={x ∈N *|lg x <1}.若A ∩(∁U B )={m |m =2n +1,n =0,1,2,3,4},则集合B =________.解析: ∵lg x <1,∴0<x <10.又∵x ∈N *,∴U =A ∪B ={1,2,3,…,9}.又∵A ∪B =U ,∴∁U B =A ,∴A ∩(∁U B )=∁U B ={1,3,5,7,9},∴B ={2,4,6,8}.答案: {2,4,6,8}15.已知命题p :1∈{x |x 2<a },q :2∈{x |x 2<a },则“p 且q ”为真命题时a 的取值范围是________.解析: 由1∈{x |x 2<a },得a >1;由2∈{x |x 2<a },得a >4.当“p 且q ”为真命题时,有p 真q 真,所以a >4.答案: a >416.给定下列四个命题:①“x =π6”是“sin x =12”的充分不必要条件; ②若“p ∨q ”为真,则“p ∧q ”为真;③若a <b ,则am 2<bm 2;④若集合A ∩B =A ,则A ⊆B .其中为真命题的是________.(填上所有正确命题的序号)解析: ①中,若x =π6,则sin x =12,但sin x =12时,x =π6+2k π或5π6+2k π.故“x =π6”是“sin x =12”的充分不必要条件,故①为真命题;②中,令p 为假命题,q 为真命题,有“p ∨q ”为真命题,则“p ∧q ”为假命题,故②为假命题;③中,当m =0时,am 2=bm 2,故③为假命题;④中,由A ∩B =A 可得A ⊆B ,故④为真命题.答案: ①④三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共74分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(12分)写出下列命题非的形式:(1)p :函数f (x )=ax 2+bx +c 的图象与x 轴有唯一交点;(2)q :若x =3或x =4,则方程x 2-7x +12=0.解析: (1)函数f (x )=ax 2+bx +c 的图象与x 轴没有交点或至少有两个交点.(2)若x =3或x =4,则x 2-7x +12≠0.18.(12分)设集合A ={x 2,2x -1,-4},B ={x -5,1-x,9},若A ∩B ={9},求A ∪B . 解析: 由9∈A ,可得x 2=9,或2x -1=9,解得x =±3或x =5.当x =3时,A ={9,5,-4},B ={-2,-2,9},B 中元素重复,故舍去.当x =-3时,A ={9,-7,-4},B ={-8,4,9},A ∩B ={9}满足题意,故A ∪B ={-7,-4,-8,4,9}.当x =5时,A ={25,9,-4},B ={0,-4,9},此时A ∩B ={-4,9}与A ∩B ={9}矛盾,故舍去.综上所述,A ∪B ={-8,-4,4,-7,9}.19.(12分)已知A ={x ||x -a |<4},B ={x ||x -2|>3}.(1)若a =1,求A ∩B ;(2)若A ∪B =R ,求实数a 的取值范围.解析: (1)当a =1时,A ={x |-3<x <5}.B ={x |x <-1或x >5}.∴A ∩B ={x |-3<x <-1}.(2)∵A ={x |a -4<x <a +4},B ={x |x <-1或x >5},且A ∪B =R ,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a -4<-1,a +4>5⇒1<a <3. 故实数a 的取值范围是(1,3).20.(12分)设p :2x 2-3x +1≤0,q :x 2-(2a +1)x +a (a +1)≤0,若p 是q 的充分不必要条件,求实数a 的取值范围.【解析方法代码108001005】解析: 由2x 2-3x +1≤0,得12≤x ≤1. 由x 2-(2a +1)x +a (a +1)≤0,得a ≤x ≤a +1.∵p 是q 的充分不必要条件,∴p ⇒q ,q ⇒/ p ,∴⎣⎡⎦⎤12,1[a ,a +1], ∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a ≤12,a +1≥1,且不同时取等号,∴0≤a ≤12, ∴a 的取值范围为⎣⎡⎦⎤0,12. 21.(12分)已知p :2x 2-9x +a <0,q :⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x 2-4x +3<0,x 2-6x +8<0,且¬p 是¬q 的充分条件,求实数a 的取值范围.解析: 由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x 2-4x +3<0,x 2-6x +8<0,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 1<x <3,2<x <4,即2<x <3. ∴q :2<x <3.设A ={x |2x 2-9x +a <0},B ={x |2<x <3},∵¬p ⇒¬q ,∴q ⇒p .∴B ⊆A .∴2<x <3含于集合A ,即2<x <3满足不等式2x 2-9x +a <0.设f (x )=2x 2-9x +a ,要使2<x <3满足不等式2x 2-9x +a <0,需⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ f (2)≤0,f (3)≤0,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧8-18+a ≤0,18-27+a ≤0,∴a ≤9. 故所求实数a 的取值范围是{a |a ≤9}.22.(14分)已知P ={x |x 2-8x -20≤0},S ={x ||x -1|≤m }.(1)是否存在实数m ,使x ∈P 是x ∈S 的充要条件,若存在,求出m 的范围;(2)是否存在实数m ,使x ∈P 是x ∈S 的必要条件,若存在,求出m 的范围. 解析: (1)由题意x ∈P 是x ∈S 的充要条件,则S =P .由x 2-8x -20≤0⇒-2≤x ≤10,∴P =[-2,10].由|x -1|≤m ⇒1-m ≤x ≤1+m ,∴S =[1-m,1+m ].要使P =S ,则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 1-m =-2,1+m =10.∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧m =3,m =9. ∴这样的m 不存在.(2)由题意x ∈P 是x ∈S 的必要条件,则满足S P .由|x -1|≤m 可得1-m ≤x ≤m +1,要使S P ,则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 1-m ≥-2,1+m ≤10且不同时取等号,∴m ≤3. 综上可知,m ≤3时,x ∈P 是x ∈S 的必要条件.。

《金版新学案》2012高三地理一轮 第四章 第一讲自然环境对人类活动的影响课件 湘教版必修1

《金版新学案》2012高三地理一轮 第四章 第一讲自然环境对人类活动的影响课件 湘教版必修1

2.地形因素在聚落形成和发展过程中的作用 . (1)在聚落的形成和发展过程中,地表形态影响着 在聚落的形成和发展过程中, 在聚落的形成和发展过程中 聚落的类型、分布、规模和发展。 聚落的类型、分布、规模和发展。如我国北方平 原地区,村落的规模一般较大,多呈______型 原地区,村落的规模一般较大,多呈 团聚 型、 _______式的格局,聚居的人口较多。南方丘陵 式的格局, 棋盘 式的格局 聚居的人口较多。 和山区:村落的规模一般较小, 和山区:村落的规模一般较小,空间分布相对 _______,聚居的人口较少;南方河网密集的平 分散 ,聚居的人口较少; 原地区,聚落沿河呈____状分布 状分布。 原地区,聚落沿河呈 带 状分布。
第四章 自然环境对人类活动 的影响
第一讲 地形对聚落及交通线 路分布的影响
1.了解聚落的概念与分类 了解聚落的概念与分类 2.理解地形对聚落的类型、分布、规模和发 理解地形对聚落的类型、 理解地形对聚落的类型 分布、 展等的影响 3.了解影响交通线路分布的因素,理解地形 了解影响交通线路分布的因素, 了解影响交通线路分布的因素 对交通线路分布的影响
山区的线路一般选择 在地势相对和缓的山 线路 间盆地和河谷地带, 间盆地和河谷地带, 走向 经过山地时线路多呈 “之”字形弯曲
山间盆地和河 谷地带自然条 件相对优越, 件相对优越, 呈“之”字形 弯曲可以减小 单位距离内的 坡度
平原地区线路受限 较小, 较小,但一般避开 沼泽、少占耕地、 沼泽、少占耕地、 少过河, 线路 少过河,尽量经过 走向 居民点 避开断层、滑坡、 避开断层、滑坡、 泥石流等地质灾害 多发的地区
思维拓展
9.应辩证地理解地表形态对城市形成和分布 应辩证地理解地表形态对城市形成和分布 的影响 并不是所有平原上都分布着密集的城市,如 并不是所有平原上都分布着密集的城市, 巴西亚马孙平原。高原地区城市一般较少, 巴西亚马孙平原。高原地区城市一般较少, 但热带的高原却有着气候较为凉爽的优点, 但热带的高原却有着气候较为凉爽的优点, 故热带地区高原上的城市往往多于平原, 故热带地区高原上的城市往往多于平原,如 巴西的城市主要位于巴西高原上而非亚马孙 平原上。 平原上。
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滚动训练十二
本栏目内容,在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订!
一、选择题
1.2010•海南卷1873年奥地利维也纳世博会上,比利时出生的法国工程师格拉姆在布展中偶然接错了导线,把另一直流发电机发出的电接到了他自己送展的直流发电机的电流输出端.由此而观察到的现象导致了他的一项重要发明,从而突破了人类在电能利用方面的一个瓶颈.此项发明是
A.新型直流发电机 B.直流电动机
C.交流电动机 D.交流发电机
解析:本题考查有关物理学史和电磁感应及电动机等知识,意在考查考生对电磁学的发展过程的了解.题中说明把一发电机发的电接到了另一发电机的输出端,必然使这台发电机通过电流,电流在磁场中必定受到安培力的作用,在安培力的作用下一定会转动起来,这就成了直流电动机,故正确答案为B.
答案: B
2.
如右图所示的汽缸中,用质量不计、横截面积为1 cm2的活塞封闭了一定质量的气体.某人用力F向下压活塞,活塞移动了10 cm,此过程中力F对活塞做功为10 J,气体向外散热为10 J.已知大气压强为1×105 Pa,则此过程中被封闭气体的内能
A.增加1 J B.增加10 J
C.增加20 J D.不变
答案: A
3.
如右图所示,物体M在皮带输送机上向右运动,两者始终保持相对静止,则下列关于M所受摩擦力的说法中,正确的是
A.皮带传送的速度越大,M受到的摩擦力越大
B.皮带运动的加速度越大,M受到的摩擦力越大
C.皮带速度恒定,M质量越大,所受摩擦力越大
D.M可能不受摩擦力
答案:BD
4.
一带电粒子在电场中仅在电场力作用下,从A点运动到B点,速度随时间变化的图象如右图所示,tA、tB分别是带电粒子到达A、B两点时对应的时刻,则下列说法中正确的有
A.A点的场强一定大于B点的场强
B.A点的电势一定高于B点的电势
C.带电粒子在A点的电势能一定小于在B点的电势能
D.带电粒子从A点到B点过程中,电场力一定对带电粒子做正功
解析:由于v-t图象上各点的斜率表示加速度的大小,从图象可以看出带电粒子在A点的加速度大于在B点时的加速度,由牛顿第二定律可知EA>EB,选项A正确;带电粒子带电性质未知,故A、B两点电势无法判断,选项B错误;从v-t图象中可以看出B点速度大于A 点速度,故电场力对带电粒子做正功,电势能减小,所以选项C错误,选项D正确.
答案:AD。

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