14. 翻译专题
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
4.定语从句的译法
• 译成状语 A.原因状语 We hired Professor Wu, who understands English. 我们聘请了吴教授，因为他懂英语。 B. 时间状语 I had the honor of seeing Chairman Mao, who was visiting the Jinggang Mountain in 1965. 毛主席1965年重访井冈山时我有幸见到了他。 C. 目的状语 I have bought some vegetables and meat which are for the dinner. 我买了一些蔬菜和肉，用以烹制晚餐。
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
2.增词
• 增加文化沟通解释 He considered that what he did was no more than a Judas Kiss. 他认为他的所作所为不过是犹大之吻，居心叵 测。 It’s the old story of the stitch in time. 还是那句老话，及时缝一针，可以省九针。 • 加强语气 He has become an expert. 他俨然已经成为了一个专家。（讽刺其煞有介 事的样子）
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
3.抽象名词的译法
• 可根据其词义改变词性，灵活翻译 The growing awareness by millions of people of their situation had promoted them to revolt. 千百万人民日渐意识到自己的处境，这促使他 们起来反抗。 My shock and embarrassment at finding her in tears suggested that how little I cared about her. 我为她的潸然落泪感到震惊和窘迫，这说明我 过去对她有多么地不甚关心。
Tankertanker Design
2.增词
• 增加表达时态的词 We can learn what we did not know. 我们能学会原来不懂的东西。 • 增加表示复数的词 In spite of difficulties, he succeeded. 尽管困难重重，他仍然获得了成功。 • 为了清楚地表达原文的含蓄或象征意义 See Naples and die. 见过那不勒斯的奇景，就是死了也甘心。 It was Friday and soon they’d go out and get drunk. 周五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街喝个酩酊 大醉。
Tankertanker Design
1.词义的选择和引申
Tankertanker Design
• 根据词类确定词义： What are you doing up there? 你在那边做什么？副词 The ship is sailing up the river. 这船正向河的上游航行。介词 The new museum is up and opens to the public. 新博物馆已经落成开放。形容词 We all have our ups and downs. 人生总有起起落落。名词 Prices are being upped by 20%. 价格上涨了20%。动词
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
4.定语从句的译法
• 前置定语 This project would give jobs to those who need them. 这项计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业 机会。 • 译成后置的并列分句 Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成。
Tankertanker Design
翻译的考点
Tankertanker Design
• 考察对词汇以及句型的掌握。 • 考察联系上下文对句子的理解。
• 考察译文的意思准确，自然通顺。
Tankertanker Design
翻译的技巧
Tankertanker Design
•
根据上下文（整篇文章以及要翻译的这一句 话）来确定(猜测)词语的准确意思： “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” (by Firth) “字义是活的，每每因在文中的用法而变 化。”（林语堂） ——强调上下文对词义的影响。 • 复合句（复杂句）要分成简单句来分析。 • 注意中文和英文语序的不同，根据分句间的 逻辑，争取译文通顺自然不生硬，意思表达 清楚，不生涩，易于理解。
Tankertanker Design
1.词义的选择和引申
• 根据词的搭配习惯确定词义 B. 形容词与名词的搭配，如以strong为例： a strong man 强壮的人 a strong faith 坚定的信仰 a strong contrast 强烈的对比 a strong drink 烈酒饮料 strong measures 强硬的措施
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
翻译Translation：英译汉
Tankertanker Design
小题 计 小题 考试 试题形式 数 分 分值 时间 4 10 2.5 15 选自阅读理解文章
• 来自阅读理解， 1-2 句组成一题，每题 约20个单词。 • 结合上下文将其译成通顺的汉语。
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
There were no commercial radio stations until 1920. You can commission them to paint something especially for you. I have never committed any crime. I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays. She commutes from Oxford to London every day. The computer looks compact and functional. companions in misfortune His work is comparable with the very best. The new system will be compatible with existing equipment. compensate victims for their direct losses
1.08年理工的题全做 2.作文号：438217
每日单词
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
I consulted a doctor about my pains. The president's consultant on economic affairs the British Consul in Marseilles 英国驻马赛领事 The British consulate in Marseilles 英国驻马赛领事 馆 Shares and bonds can bring one quite a considerable additional income. It was very considerate of you to send me a postcard. A healthy diet should consist of wholefood. Water shortages in the area will be the main constraint on development. He felt constraint in her presence.
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
1.词义的选择和引申Biblioteka Baidu
• 根据词的使用场合确定词义 This is a great challenge to us. 这对我们而言是一个非常艰巨的挑战。 I challenge you to answer my question. 我要你回答我的问题。 She challenged him for lying. 她指责他说谎。 I’ve constantly challenged my own conclusion. 我一直在重新考虑自己的结论。 His question challenged us to think. 他提出的问题促使我们去思考。
Tankertanker Design
2.增词
Tankertanker Design
• 根据原文省略而增加必要的词 We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. 我们不会后退，我们从来没有后退过，将来 也决不后退。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, and thrift meanness. 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱； 节俭过度，即成吝啬。
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
2.增词
Tankertanker Design
• 根据语义增词 With all his achievements he remains modest. 他虽然取得了很多成就，但还是很谦虚。 A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake when an important question was to be decided. 因为多少有些知识，所以我在决定重大问题的时 候还没有犯大错误。 So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning. 所以说，教学使我的工作有了节奏，生活变得丰 富，给了我挑战，也使我有了不断学习的机会。
Tankertanker Design
1.词义的选择和引申
• 根据词的搭配习惯确定词义 A. 动词与宾语的搭配，如以make为例： make trouble 惹麻烦 make a living 谋生 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱 make a mistake 犯错误
Tankertanker Design
Her lawyer said she understood the consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail. Our body needs salt and knows how to find it and how to conserve it. The young people are the most eager to learn and the least conservative in their thinking. She also writes a regular column for the Times Educational Supplement. Why is it essential to take these medicines in combination? You put me in an awkward position by asking me to comment on my colleague's work. Our country has been trying to broaden its commerce with other nations.
Tankertanker Design
4.定语从句的译法
• 译成状语 A.原因状语 We hired Professor Wu, who understands English. 我们聘请了吴教授，因为他懂英语。 B. 时间状语 I had the honor of seeing Chairman Mao, who was visiting the Jinggang Mountain in 1965. 毛主席1965年重访井冈山时我有幸见到了他。 C. 目的状语 I have bought some vegetables and meat which are for the dinner. 我买了一些蔬菜和肉，用以烹制晚餐。
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
2.增词
• 增加文化沟通解释 He considered that what he did was no more than a Judas Kiss. 他认为他的所作所为不过是犹大之吻，居心叵 测。 It’s the old story of the stitch in time. 还是那句老话，及时缝一针，可以省九针。 • 加强语气 He has become an expert. 他俨然已经成为了一个专家。（讽刺其煞有介 事的样子）
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
3.抽象名词的译法
• 可根据其词义改变词性，灵活翻译 The growing awareness by millions of people of their situation had promoted them to revolt. 千百万人民日渐意识到自己的处境，这促使他 们起来反抗。 My shock and embarrassment at finding her in tears suggested that how little I cared about her. 我为她的潸然落泪感到震惊和窘迫，这说明我 过去对她有多么地不甚关心。
Tankertanker Design
2.增词
• 增加表达时态的词 We can learn what we did not know. 我们能学会原来不懂的东西。 • 增加表示复数的词 In spite of difficulties, he succeeded. 尽管困难重重，他仍然获得了成功。 • 为了清楚地表达原文的含蓄或象征意义 See Naples and die. 见过那不勒斯的奇景，就是死了也甘心。 It was Friday and soon they’d go out and get drunk. 周五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街喝个酩酊 大醉。
Tankertanker Design
1.词义的选择和引申
Tankertanker Design
• 根据词类确定词义： What are you doing up there? 你在那边做什么？副词 The ship is sailing up the river. 这船正向河的上游航行。介词 The new museum is up and opens to the public. 新博物馆已经落成开放。形容词 We all have our ups and downs. 人生总有起起落落。名词 Prices are being upped by 20%. 价格上涨了20%。动词
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
4.定语从句的译法
• 前置定语 This project would give jobs to those who need them. 这项计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业 机会。 • 译成后置的并列分句 Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成。
Tankertanker Design
翻译的考点
Tankertanker Design
• 考察对词汇以及句型的掌握。 • 考察联系上下文对句子的理解。
• 考察译文的意思准确，自然通顺。
Tankertanker Design
翻译的技巧
Tankertanker Design
•
根据上下文（整篇文章以及要翻译的这一句 话）来确定(猜测)词语的准确意思： “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” (by Firth) “字义是活的，每每因在文中的用法而变 化。”（林语堂） ——强调上下文对词义的影响。 • 复合句（复杂句）要分成简单句来分析。 • 注意中文和英文语序的不同，根据分句间的 逻辑，争取译文通顺自然不生硬，意思表达 清楚，不生涩，易于理解。
Tankertanker Design
1.词义的选择和引申
• 根据词的搭配习惯确定词义 B. 形容词与名词的搭配，如以strong为例： a strong man 强壮的人 a strong faith 坚定的信仰 a strong contrast 强烈的对比 a strong drink 烈酒饮料 strong measures 强硬的措施
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
翻译Translation：英译汉
Tankertanker Design
小题 计 小题 考试 试题形式 数 分 分值 时间 4 10 2.5 15 选自阅读理解文章
• 来自阅读理解， 1-2 句组成一题，每题 约20个单词。 • 结合上下文将其译成通顺的汉语。
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
There were no commercial radio stations until 1920. You can commission them to paint something especially for you. I have never committed any crime. I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays. She commutes from Oxford to London every day. The computer looks compact and functional. companions in misfortune His work is comparable with the very best. The new system will be compatible with existing equipment. compensate victims for their direct losses
1.08年理工的题全做 2.作文号：438217
每日单词
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
I consulted a doctor about my pains. The president's consultant on economic affairs the British Consul in Marseilles 英国驻马赛领事 The British consulate in Marseilles 英国驻马赛领事 馆 Shares and bonds can bring one quite a considerable additional income. It was very considerate of you to send me a postcard. A healthy diet should consist of wholefood. Water shortages in the area will be the main constraint on development. He felt constraint in her presence.
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
1.词义的选择和引申Biblioteka Baidu
• 根据词的使用场合确定词义 This is a great challenge to us. 这对我们而言是一个非常艰巨的挑战。 I challenge you to answer my question. 我要你回答我的问题。 She challenged him for lying. 她指责他说谎。 I’ve constantly challenged my own conclusion. 我一直在重新考虑自己的结论。 His question challenged us to think. 他提出的问题促使我们去思考。
Tankertanker Design
2.增词
Tankertanker Design
• 根据原文省略而增加必要的词 We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. 我们不会后退，我们从来没有后退过，将来 也决不后退。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, and thrift meanness. 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱； 节俭过度，即成吝啬。
Tankertanker Design
Tankertanker Design
2.增词
Tankertanker Design
• 根据语义增词 With all his achievements he remains modest. 他虽然取得了很多成就，但还是很谦虚。 A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake when an important question was to be decided. 因为多少有些知识，所以我在决定重大问题的时 候还没有犯大错误。 So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning. 所以说，教学使我的工作有了节奏，生活变得丰 富，给了我挑战，也使我有了不断学习的机会。
Tankertanker Design
1.词义的选择和引申
• 根据词的搭配习惯确定词义 A. 动词与宾语的搭配，如以make为例： make trouble 惹麻烦 make a living 谋生 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱 make a mistake 犯错误
Tankertanker Design
Her lawyer said she understood the consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail. Our body needs salt and knows how to find it and how to conserve it. The young people are the most eager to learn and the least conservative in their thinking. She also writes a regular column for the Times Educational Supplement. Why is it essential to take these medicines in combination? You put me in an awkward position by asking me to comment on my colleague's work. Our country has been trying to broaden its commerce with other nations.