Pipe and hose installation

合集下载

CLAMP-STAUFF管夹

CLAMP-STAUFF管夹ClampsStandard-SeriesQuality and Servicew orldwide40 Years of Experience Worldwide Distribution Prompt DeliveryIn most industrial countries STAUFF Clamps symbo-lize quick and easy pipe and hose installations as well as a clean distinct pipe layout.The vibration and noise reducing features are appreciated as being an important contribution to environmental protection. Apart from the technical sophistication of STAUFF Clamps, the second-to-none delivery, prompt service even for special constructions, STAUFF Clamps are also the most economical ones to install.STAUFF Clamps applications are almost unlimited.Due to the extraordinary wide product range, all areas of pipe, tube and hose installation are covered:? Industrial Hydraulics ? Mobile Hydraulics ? Marine Hydraulics ? OffshoreGeneral Industrial Pipe Construction Mining IndustryNuclear Reactor ConstructionInstrumentation and Control Technology Pneumatics Approved by:Bureau VeritasDepartment of the Navy, New York Germanischer LloydLloyd’s Register of Shipping Registro Italiano Navale TüVUnited States Coast GuardDistributors and warehouses in all industrial countries.Australia:Stauff Corporation (Pty.) Ltd.P .O.Box 22724-26 Doyle Avenue, Unanderra Wollongong, N.S.W.AUS-2526 Unanderra Tel:+61242711877Fax:+61242718432 France:Stauff s.a.230, Avenue du Grain d’Or Z.I. de Vineuil-Blois Sud F-41354 Vineuil cedex Tel:+33254505550Fax:+33254422919 USA:Stauff Corporation 7 Wm. Demarest PlaceUSA-Waldwick, N. J. - 07463Tel:+12014447800Fax:+12014447852Japan:Ohtsuka Tec. Co. Ltd.1-7-19 Minami Shinagawa Shinagawa-Ku JPN-Tokyo 140Tel:+81334721201Fax:+81334721209United Kingdom:Stauff UK332, Coleford Road DarnallGBR-Sheffield, S 9 5 P H Tel:+441142518518Fax:+441142518519Canada:Stauff Canada, Ltd.866 Milner AvenueCAN-Scarborough, Ontario M1B 5N7Tel:+14162824608Fax:+14162823039China:Stauff International Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.Shangdian Mansion, Pudong 331 Binzhou RoadCHN-200126 Shanghai Tel:+862158456560Fax:+862158456680Walter Stauffenberg GmbH & Co.KGP .O. Box 1745, D-58777 Werdohl Im Ehrenfeld 4, D-58791 Werdohl Telefon:+49 (0) 2392 916-0Fax:+49 (0) 2392 2505e-mail:sales@/doc/b244f9f4b4daa58da1114a47.htmlInternet:/doc/b244f9f4b4daa58da1114a47.htmlBrazil:Stauff Brasil Ltda.Avenida Gupe 10.767Galp?o 2, Bloco AWT – Empresarial Parque Castello Branco BRA-Barueri – SP CEP: 06422-120Tel:+551147899020Fax:+551147899021India:Stauff India Pvt. Ltd.Gat. No. 2340Pune-Nagar Road, Wagholi IND-Pune - 412207Tel:+91207051990Fax:+91207051989Italy:Stauff Italia s.r.l.Via Pola 21/23I-20034 Birone di Giussano Tel:+390362312113Fax:+390362335536Materials and designs of clamp bodies –X X X Polypropylene,profiled inside,with tension clearance– PPPolypropylene,smooth inside,without tension clearance – PPH Polyamide,profiled inside,with tension clearance– PAPolyamide,smooth inside,without tension clearance – PAH Santoprene,profiled inside,with tension clearance– SASantoprene,smooth inside,without tension clearance – SAH Aluminum,profiled inside,with tension clearance – AL(AL group 1A – 6 only)Other thermoplastics and O.D. on request.Design of clamp bodies see technical appendix, page 48.Design and order codesfor clamps with rubber insert RI see page 30 –Clamp Accessories –.Material CodeSTAUFF CLAMPS:Clamping systems for tubes, hoses, pipes, cables and components Original STAUFF Clamps:The tube fastening system in accordance with DIN 3015Dimensional range from 6 to 800 mm Different materials available U-Bolt and DIN clamps Angle Adjustment Clamps Special clamps and supports:Custom built solutionsMINITESTER PPC-04:Digital measuring device for:Working pressure Differential pressure T emperature Flow RPHData output via PC or printerSTAUFF FILTERS:Hydraulic filtration systemsHigh pressure filters for in-line mounting:maximum working pressure:630 bar Return line tank top filters:maximum working pressure:16 barReplacement filter elements:Compatible quality and dimensional interchange to suit most filter makes produced in own facilitiesFilter materials:Glass fibre, Metal fibre, Polyester fibre, Wire mesh, PaperSTAUFF HYDRAULIC ACCESSORIES:Components for the construction of tanks and power units and mobile hydraulics Level gauges Level temperature switches Filler breathers Throttle and shut-off valves Check valves Desiccant air breathers DiffusersSuction strainersSpin-On - Filters Stainless steel pressure gauges Return line bushes Flow indicators Gauge isolator valvesAir filtersProduct rangeSTAUFF TEST:Pressure test systemsVenting and sampling of liquid and gas pressure systems nominal working pressure: 630 bar maximum 100% closeness controlcomponents tested in accordance with DIN 40.080Test couplings and accessories:Adaption threads M16x2 - M16x1,5 -S12,65x1,5- Plug-in systemTest hoses:DN 2 and DN 4;hose length and fittings on request。

管件英文名及缩写

中文名称
英文名称
中文名称
英文名称
中文名称
英文名称 CS CAS FS AS SS N AS T HT PH G NMG AG RG THK CAPTtoin plate 碳钢弯头 Elbow 进水管 Water inlet pip 铸钢长半径弯头 Long radius elbow 特殊法兰 Special flange 锻钢短半径弯头 Short radius elbow 角钢 Angle steel 合金钢斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头） Mitre elbow 衬里法兰盖 BL(S) 不锈钢异径弯头 Reducing elbow 槽面 G 正火三通 Tee 可移动盖面 Movable cover plate 退火斜三通 Lateral tee 突面带颈对焊钢制管法 Rfwelaing neck flange 回火异径三通 Reducing tee 突面平焊法兰 Rfsiip-on flange 热处理异径管（大小头） Reducer 盲板及法兰盖 Blind flange 预热同心异径管（同心大小头） Concentric reducer 8字法兰 Spectacle flange 垫片偏心异径管（异径大小头） Eccentric reducer 内定位环 IR 非金属热片管箍 Coupling 外定位环 OR 石棉垫片双头管箍 Full coupling 吊环 Ring 橡胶垫片单头管箍 Half coupling 把手 Handle 壁厚异径管箍 Reducing coupling 转臂 Arm 平焊封头内外螺纹接头 Bushing 半管螺纹管接头 Half Threaded short Pipe 螺纹管头活接头 Union 螺纹管接头 Threaded short pipe 环连接面法兰套管 Hose connection 半管接头 Half coupling 镀锌软管接头 Hose coupler 8字盲板 Spcer ang blind 翻边短节 Stud end 承插焊短节 SWG Nipple 短节 Nipple 8字盲板 Spectcle blank 异径短节 Swanged nipple 螺纹管接头 Serew coupling 管帽 Cap 补强环 Remforcemene rig 管堵（丝堵） Plug 加强支管 Reinfor ced branch 盲板 Blank 承插接头 Pressure connection 8字盲板 Spectacle blank(blind) 承插管 Socket table 金属软管 Metallic hose 卡式接头 Claw coupling 补强板 Reinforcing pad 测温元件接头 Temp elem connection 法兰 Flang 测压元件接头 Fress elem connection 法兰型式 Type of flange 导电元件接头 Cod elem conoectinon 对焊 Welding neck 管卡 Clamp 平焊 Slip-on 板 Plate 承插焊 Socket welding 软管管卡 Hose clamp 螺纹 Threa ded 焊接短管 Welded nipple 松套 Lapped joint 套筒 Welded nipple 异径（法兰） Reducing(flange) 管托 Muff 法兰盖（盲法兰） Blanl flange 一端带螺纹 Pipe shoe 法兰密封面 Flange sealing face 带内螺纹的活接头 Screwed end 全平面 Flat face 带内/外 Union with in temal thread 凸台面 Raised face 衬里钢管 Union with ine/ext thread 凹凸面 Male ang female face 补强板 Liner plate 凹面 Female face 对焊端加强管接头 Reinforce ment plate 凸面 Male face 对焊管加强管接头 OL 环连接面 Ring joint face 单头螺纹短节 Boss 榫槽面 Tongue ang groove face 异径承口管箍 HTH 排液三通 Drain tee 承口加强管节头 TFC(R)W 排液漏斗 Drain funned 螺纹加强管接头 Sockolet 接管 Swg nipple 合同 Contract 单头螺纹短节 Half threaded shortpipe 电阻焊管 Erw pipe 双头螺纹短节 Threaded short pipe 裸官 Bare pipe 蝶形管帽 Dish cap 流体 Fluid 椭圆形管帽 Ellipsoidcap 气体 Steam 对焊管帽 Capb 活动 Slip-on 四通 Cross 凹面法兰 Fm flange 弯头管嘴 Elbolet 凸面法兰 Mflange 平盖封头 Capt 凹凸面带颈平焊法兰 Mfm slip-on flange 等径四通 Straig ht cross 吊架 Hanger 入孔盖 Cover of man hole 一端螺纹-管平面 TOE 钢制平台 Plere form 大端开坡口小端平焊 Ble-pse 管卡 Ubdt 机加工型 PMF 膨胀节 Exponsinon joint 打包型 PFT 承插焊法兰 FSW 机加工矩型 PMS 对焊法兰 FWN 坡口端 BE 一端平面 POE 两端平面 PBE

Spears EverTUFF CTS CPVC 热水和冷水管道系统说明书

Special Pipe - Spears® CTSSpears®EverTUFF® Copper Tube Size (CTS) CPVC is a complete hot and cold water plumbing system consisting of pipe, fittings and solvent cement for plumbing applications. Spears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC pipe is easily joined using solvent cement welding, is light weight, thermally efficient and code approved to provide cost-effective long-term system service.Product StandardsSpears®EverTUFF® CTS pipe and fittings are manufactured in strict compliance to ASTM D 2846, Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot and Cold-Water Distribution Systems. This standard defines requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, tolerances, pressure-bearing capability, and thermocycling resistance. Spears®EverTUFF® CTS SDR 11 plumbing pipe and fittings are manufactured to specifications in accordance with this standard. SDR series pipe is based on an outside-diameter-to-wall thickness ratio. This is a constant regardless of pipe diameter, therefore all sizes of pipe carry the same pressure rating of 100 psi @ 180°F and is suitable for use with commercial hot water. Performance TestingSpears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC pipe is tested and independently certified by NSF International to the requirements of ASTM D 2846 under NSF® Standard 14 and for use in potable (drinking) water service under NSF® Standard 61.Code ApprovalsMajor building codes have approved the use of CPVC piping as an acceptable material for plumbing systems, provided the piping conforms to applicable industry standard's and has been listed by a third party for conformance to NSF® Standard 14 and/or NSF®Standard 61 requirements. Code bodies that accept the use of CPVC include BOCA National Plumbing Code, National Standard Plumbing Code, SBCCI Standard Plumbing Code, International Plumbing Code, and the Uniform Plumbing Code to name a few. The user should determine approval and installation requirements according to local code having jurisdiction prior to use. DimensionsCPVC CTS Series pipe shall be manufactured in strict accordance to the requirements of ASTM D 2846 to SDR 11 dimensions and tolerances. Each production run of pipe manufactured in compliance to this standard, shall also meet or exceed the test requirements for materials, workmanship, burst pressure, flattening resistance, and extrusion quality and dimensions as defined in ASTM D 2846. This pipe shall be produced in CTS diameters (1/2" through 2" sizes) to SDR 11 specifications.NominalPipeSize (in.)AverageO.D.O.D.TOLAverageI.D.Min.WallRating @Wt./ft.PSI PressureRating @73°F180°F 1/20.625±.0030.4690.0680.0904001003/40.875±.0030.6950.0800.1494001001 1.125±.0030.9010.1020.2404001001-1/4 1.375±.003 1.1050.1250.3534001001-1/2 1.625±.004 1.3090.1480.4894001002 2.125±.004 1.7160.1930.829400100 PIPE SIZES SHOWN ARE MANUFACTURED IN STRICT COMPLIANCE WITH ASTM D 2846 ASTM STANDARD D 1784 MATERIAL EQUIVALENTS: Cell Classification 23447 = PVC Type IV Grade I CPVC = CPVC 4120Pressure RatingsThe Spears® CPVC system, including the joint, has a continuous rated working pressure of 100 psi at 180°F or 400 psi at 73°F. CPVC systems have the capability to withstand short term temperature/pressure increases above 100 psi at 180°F, as evidenced by their ability to consistently surpass the 48-hour, 150-psi Uniform Building Code test at 210°F. CPVC pipe should not be used where temperatures will consistently exceed 180°F.Pressure-Temperature De-Rating FactorsFor CTS CPVC 4120 SDR 11 Piping Systems°F Factor Rating, PSI73 1.0040080 1.00400900.913601000.823251200.652601400.502001600.401601800.25100The pressure de-rating factor is the same for all pipe sizes. Example: Determine the maximum allowable operating pressure for a CTS CPVC piping system with an operating temperature of 140°F. Using de-rating factor of 0.50 for 140° from the above chart, the maximum allowable operating pressure = 400 x 0.50 = 200 psi.InstallationInstallation shall be in accordance with the requirements of the local code having jurisdiction, the solvent cement manufacturer recommendations, and Spears® publication CTS-3, CPVC CTS Products Design and Installation Manual.Joining MethodsSpears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC pipe is easily joined by standard solvent cementing process, threaded connections and flange assembly Solvent Cement Welding.Made in the U.S.A.Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gasSee Spears® Product Sourcebook for product offerings Page 68Hot & Cold Water Distribution SystemsSpecial Pipe - Spears® CTSSolvent Cement WeldingThis is the most common joining method used with CTS CPVC. See Installationsection for industrial pressure pipe for basic solvent cementing guidelines.CTS Solvent Cement SelectionCodes require use of solvent cement conforming ASTM F 493 and designatedspecifically for use with CTS CPVC products in accordance with ASTM D 2846.Spears®EverTUFF® CTS-5 CTS CPVC "One-step" (primerless) cements maybe used without primer if codes permit, or may be used with a primer whererequired by code. - Always CHECK LOCAL CODES.Set and Cure TimesPipe and fitting joint assembly must be allowed to set without any stress on thejoint for one to five minutes depending on the pipe size and temperature.Following the initial set period, the assembly can be handled carefully.FOLLOW THE CEMENT MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDED CURE TIMESPRIOR TO PRESSURE TESTING. - FAILURE TO DO SO WILL RESULT INJOINT FAILURE.Minimum Cure Time Prior to Testing at 150 psi with ColdWater (based on use of one-step CPVC cement or two-stepcement systems)Pipe Size (in.)Ambient Temperature During Cure Time>60°F40°F - 60°F<40°F3/8 1 hr 2 hrs 4 hrs1/2 1 hr 2 hrs 4 hrs3/4 1 hr 2 hrs 4 hrs1 1 hr2 hrs 4 hrs1-1/4 2 hrs 4 hrs8 hrs1-1/2 2 hrs 4 hrs8 hrs2 2 hrs 4 hrs8 hrs •NOTE Wait 24 hours prior to putting system into hot water service when installed at cure temperatures above 60°F; wait 48 hours prior to putting system into hot water service when installed at cure temperatures below 40°F Solvent Cement Joining.Wall PenetrationBuilding codes require that a fire-rated wall or floor must be sealed back to its original integrity when penetrated. Several sealants and materials are suitable for use with Spears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC pipe to construct an appropriate UL Classified fire-rated penetration system. When installed properly, these systems will provide a two-hour fire rating. Consult local building code requirements.•NOTE Caution: Certain fire-stopping sealants and components contain stress cracking agents and other chemicals which may cause damage to CPVC piping; contact the appropriate manufacturer for compatibility with CPVC prior to use.•NOTE When installing CPVC in areas where the system must be drained to protect it from freezing, the lines must be sloped to drain.Underslab InstallationsSpears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC products are approved for underslab installations (with joints) in all model-plumbing codes. When performing underslab installations, it is important to support the tube evenly on a smooth surface. The bedding and backfill should be sand or clean soil that is free from sharp rocks and other debris that could damage the pipe.Underslab installations that contain joints must be pressure tested before pouring the slab. NOTE: IAPMO IS 2098, "Installation Standard for CPVC Solvent Cemented Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems," requires a test at 150 psi for 2 hours. The pipe should be sleeved where it penetrates the slab, along with construction joints within the slab. Spears®EverTUFF® CTS pipe is also manufactured in coils for underslab installations to eliminate joints. When turning coiled pipe up through a slab, into walls, etc., make sure the pipe does not kink. Sections of pipe that contain kinks must be cut out and replaced. Freeze Protection/Sunlight ExposureCPVC piping must be protected from freezing in all installation locations. Attention shall be paid to local insulating techniques and codes that require a particular method. Use only methods and materials suitable for use with CPVC piping. Where freezing is not an issue, CPVC shall not be installed so as to be subject to direct sunlight after installation and not installed on the surface of a building, unless protected by a covering or a chemically compatible paint, such as water based Latex.Hose Bibb InstallationHose bibbs are to be connected only to metal system components which are adequately anchored to the building structure. CPVC plastic systems must terminate in the wall.Water Heater ConnectionsBefore attempting to use Spears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC in water heater connections, determine if local plumbing codes contain detailed requirements for connections to gas or electric storage-type heaters.DO NOT use Spears®EverTUFF® CTS CPVC products with commercial-type, non-storage water heaters.For areas where local plumbing codes do not have requirements, the following information can be used as a guide for water heater connections:• On electric water heaters, CPVC can be joined directly to the heater, using metal-to-CPVC transition fittings.• On high-efficiency gas water heaters that use plastic vent piping, CPVC can be joined directly to the heater in the same way as an electric water-heater connection.• On all other gas water heaters, there should be at least 6" of clearance between the exhaust flue and any CPVC tubing. A minimum of 6" metallic pipe should connect directly to the heater so that the CPVC tubing cannot be damaged by the buildup of excessive, radiant heat from the flue.• A temperature/pressure relief valve should be installed so that the sensing element contacts the water at the top of the heater.Page 69Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gas Spears® Manufacturing CompanySee Spears® Product Sourcebook for product offeringsSpecial Pipe - Spears ®CTS• Spears ®EverTUFF ® CTS CPVC products are approved by all model codes for use as relief-valve drain lines. A metal-to-CPVC transition fitting should be used to connect the tubing to the relief valve, with the tubing continued to the outlet. Both horizontal and vertical pressure relief drain should be supported every 3 feet. For horizontal runs, slope the tubing toward the outlet. Pipe must discharge to the atmosphere at an approved location.• Instantaneous water heaters (i.e., under sink units) require at least 6" of metallic pipe connected to heater inlet and no CVPC installed downstream.TRANSITION JOINTS AND FITTINGSSpears ®EverTUFF ® CTS CPVC pipe can be connected to copper, brass, valves, and other materials using a variety of transition fittings including unions, compression fittings, specially reinforced male and female adapters, flanged joints, grooved joints and other readily available transition fittings.Do not thread CPVC pipe and do not use regular CPVC female threaded fittings. Regular CPVC male threaded fittings shall only be used on cold waterapplications. Special reinforced male adapters, female adapters and otherfittings with brass threads are recommended for hot water applications andthreaded transitions to metal pipe. All approved threaded CPVC joints must beaccessible. (See also Water Heater Connections section for additional installation details).Standard compression fittings with brass ferrules can be used; however, PTFE tape must be applied over the brass ferrule to compensate for the dissimilarthermal expansion rates between the brass and CPVC. Caution must beexercised to prevent over tightening of compression fittings. Use extreme care when soldering any metal system to prevent flame contact with or heat distortion in CPVC pipe and fittings.Assembling Threaded Connections Threaded connections require the application of a thread sealant that is compatible with CPVC material. Spears ® recommends the use of Spears ®BLUE 75™ Thread Sealant. Apply sealant to the male threads only. Make sure all threads are covered. DO NOT clog the waterway with excess sealant. If PTFE tape is used, Spears ® recommends a thickness of at least .0035" that meets or exceeds military specification, MIL-T-27730A. DO NOT use a combination of tape and thread sealant on the same joint. Apply PTFE tape in the direction of the threads by starting with the first full thread and continuing over the entire thread length. Make sure all threads are covered. Generally, 2 - 3 wraps are sufficient to produce a watertight connection.DO NOT over-torque any threaded connections. Generally, one to two turns beyond finger-tight are required for a threaded connection. Factory testing hasindicated that 10 - 25 ft-lbs of torque is adequate to obtain a leak-free seal.Spears ® recommends the use of a strap wrench when installing threadedconnections.Hanger/Support SpacingSpears ®EverTUFF ® CTS CPVC pipe is rigid, it requires fewer supports than flexible, plastic systems. Vertical runs should be supported at each level so that the weight of the run is not placed on a fitting or a joint. Horizontal runs require support every 3 feet for 1/2" - 1" diameter pipe and every 4 feet for 1-1/4" and larger diameters. Support spacing should be in accordance with applicable local codes. Horizontal runs must be braced so that the stress loads (caused by bending or snaking) will not be placed on a fitting or a joint. Hanger support spacing information is shown in Table A.Spears ® recommends that hangers, designed for supporting CPVC, be used tosupport CPVC piping. However, some hangers, designed for steel pipe, may be used if their suitability is clearly established. These hangers must be selected toaccommodate the specific pipe size. In addition, they cannot contain rough orsharp edges that contact the pipe, and they must not bind the pipe from axial movement that is caused by expansion and contraction.Pipe Size (in.)Maximum Hanger Support Spacing 3/8 3 ft 1/2 3 ft 3/4 3 ft13 ft 1-1/4 4 ft 1-1/2 4 ft 24 ft Thermal Expansion All piping systems expand and contract with changes in temperature. This issue must be addressed with appropriate system design to prevent damage to thesystem. Spears ®EverTUFF ® CTS CPVC pipe will expand or contract approximately 3.8 inches per 100 feet of pipe with every 100°F of temperaturerise or fall. The effects of expansion/contraction are usually absorbed by the system at changes of direction in the piping. In other words, long, straight runs of piping are more susceptible to experiencing measurable movement with changes in temperature. As with other piping materials, the installation of an expansion loop or offset is required on long, straight runs which will allow the piping system to absorb the forces generated by expansion/contraction without damage. The rate of expansion does not vary with pipe size. The effects of expansion/contraction are more pronounced on hot water lines. See Thermal Expansion & Contraction section under Engineering and Design Data for Industrial Piping in this manual for information on calculating movement andexpansion loops.System TestingOnce the system has been installed and allowed to cure properly, the systemshall be tested in accordance with applicable code requirements. When testingwith water (hydrostatic testing), the system must be slowly filled with water andthe air bled from the highest and furthest points in the system before test pressure is applied. Air must be removed from piping systems to prevent it from being locked in the system when pressure is applied. Failure to do so could beharmful to job site personnel should a failure occur. If a leak is found, the affected product must be cut out and discarded. A new section can be installedusing couplings or other approved means.Made in the U.S.A.Suitable for Oil-Free air handling to 25 psi, not for distribution of compressed air or gasSee Spears ® Product Sourcebook for product offeringsPage 70。

波音机械标准施工tube

四层缠绕钢丝加固
管路知识介绍
橡胶软管
双金属丝编织带
合成内管道
防火、抗滑油软管
两层棉编织带
单金属丝编织带
合成内管道
飞机管路的识别
飞机管路系统的标志识别分为两种
第一种英文标记的识别
PRESSURE (压力)
RETURN (回油)
FLAM (易燃) PHPAN (危险)
燃油 FUEL
易燃管路 FLAM
管路的制作及安装
管路注意事项
• Installation Repair Hydraulic Tube • CAUTION: YOU MUST BE CAREFUL WITH THE TUBES TO
PREVENT IMPACTS, DISTORTIONS AND SCRATCHES. • 小心别碰伤、弯曲和刮伤管子 • CAUTION: WHEN DUST CAPS ARE USED FOR THE
pressure definitions
Hydraulic system are below. • (1) Maximum working pressure:
(a) Anytime repairs to the tubes are made on the airplane, or when any hydraulic component is to be checked. • (2) Proof Pressure: (a) If the tubes are repaired and to be tested in the shop. • (3) Burst Pressure: (a) This is for design reference only.
immediately before installation NOTE: Do not get thread compound in the internal

化工装置安装英语词汇(现场安装和材料名称)

1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe [laind] adj.；具线纹的；衬里的, 衬垫的复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢 stainless steel pipe 纯洁的, 无瑕疵的, 不锈的stain 污点，瑕疵V 污染，沾污奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe adj 做成的，形成的，精炼的，锻造的锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 无缝合线的，无伤痕的焊接钢管welded steel pipe 焊接，焊缝电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管galvanize d steel pipe 通电流于；电镀, 镀锌；(用电疗)刺激, 使兴奋, 激励热轧无缝钢管 hot-roll ing seamless pipe adj,滚动，卷起；vt. 辗，轧；n 卷，摇晃，摆动，名单冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube直管 run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件 Fitting adj：适合的，相称的，适宜的；n: 试穿，试衣，装配，配件弯头 elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头 base elbowk半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向） side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 出口，出路双支管弯头（形） double branch elbow三通 tee 异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通 base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch) n：侧面，支线；adj：横向的，侧面的45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45°lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45°lateral (reducing on one run and branch)四通cross等径四通 straight cross异径四通 reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管 reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头 coupling, full coupling半管接头 half coupling异径管接头 reducing coupling活接头 union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing管帽 cap (C)堵头 plug短节 nipple异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend90°弯管 quarter bend环形弯管 cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形） single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管 mitre bend三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG）整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖 blind flange, blind孔板法兰 orifice flange松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环 welding-on collar突缘短节 stub end, lap翻边端 lapped pipe end松套板式法兰 loose plate flange压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing突面 raised face (RF)凸面 male face (MF)凹面 female face (FMF)榫面 tongue face槽面 groove face全平面；满平面 flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工 facing finish粗糙度 roughness光滑的 smooth齿形 serrated均方根 root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰 companion-flange 1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式 type of gasket平垫片 flat gasket环形平垫片 flat ring gasket平金属垫片 flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环 inner ring外环，外定位环 outer ring波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve（水）龙头 bibb; bib; faucet1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤嚣 strainer过滤器 filter临时粗滤器（锥型） temporary strainer (cone type) y 型粗滤器 y-type strainerT型粗滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷嘴；喷头 spray nozzle取样冷却器 sample cooler消声器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint单波 single bellow双波 double bellow多波 multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion 带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头 hose connection (HC)快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles补强板 reinforcement pad特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel排液环 drip ring排液漏斗 drain funnel插板 blank垫环 spacer8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板 restriction orifice爆破片 rupture disk 法兰盖贴面 protective disc费托立克接头 victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接 End Connection法兰端 flanged end坡口端 beveled end (BE)对焊端 butt welded end平端 plain end (PE)承插焊端 socket welding end螺纹端 threaded end (TE)承口 bell end焊接端 welding end法兰连接（接头） flanged joint对焊连接（接头） butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint承插焊连接（接头） socket welded joint承插连接（接头） bell and spigot joint环垫接头 ring joint (RJ)万向接头 universal joint软钎焊连接（接头） soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接 lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness 法兰式的 flanged (FLGD)对焊的 butt welded (BW)螺纹的 threaded (THD)承插焊的 socket welded (SW)小端为平的 small end plain (SEP)大端为平的 large end plain (LEP)两端平 both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET)支管连接 branch connection焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓 bolt六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt环头螺检 eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝） turnbuckle U形螺栓 U-boltT形螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagonal nut方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母 wing nut扁螺母 flat nut锁紧螺母 lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer球面垫圈 spherical washer弹簧垫圈 spring washer方垫圈 square washer斜垫圈 slant washer销轴 pinned shan销 pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole圆锥销 taper pin铆钉 rivet键 key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread 惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT)螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel中碳钢 medium-carbon steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel普通碳素钢 general carbon steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high alloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high strength steel复合钢 clad steel工具钢 tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼钢 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金） Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy铬镍铁合金 inconel耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy20合金 20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢） Martin steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层 plating锻造，型钢 swage锻造的，锻造 forging轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制 drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝 aluminum铜，紫铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金） Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 nonferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度 ultimate strength抗拉强度 tensile strength屈服极限 yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度 compressive strength 抗弯强度 bending strength弹性极限 elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限 fatigue limit蠕变极限 creep limit持久极限 endurance limit布氏硬度 Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester fibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶 rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 natural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃 glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3 型材型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beamT型钢 T-bar方钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角钢 hexagonal steel bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板 plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板） web翼缘（指型钢的缘） wing3.4 填料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环 O-ring 自密封 self-sealing四氟带 Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖 stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification 管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P.)中压 medium pressure (M.P.)高压 high pressure (H.P.)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure 设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组 typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表） block form数据库 data base文件 file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS)统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report (MSR)散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器 Vessel(1) 塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower(2) 反应器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器，变换器 converter脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor甲烷化器 methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank 地下槽 sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator干燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer焚烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door5.1.3 转动机器(1) 泵 pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵，旋转泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump真空泵 vacuum pump柱塞泵 plunger pump往复泵 reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand-pump, wobble pump锅炉给水泵 boiler feed water pump轴流泵 axial pump(2) 压缩机 compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor 循环压缩机 circulating compressor冷冻机 refrigerator(3) 驱动机、发电机汽轮机，蒸汽透平 steam turbine燃气轮机 gas turbine电动机 motor发电机 generator(4) 风扇、鼓风机风机 fan鼓风机 blower罗茨鼓风机 roots blower(5)其它机器挤压机 extruder造粒机 pelletizer离心机 centrifuger离心分离机 centrifugal separator离心过滤机 centrifugal filter压滤机 pressure filter5 1 4 贮运、装卸及起重机械起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist手动葫芦，倒链 chain block装卸臂 loading arm料仓 silo, bin料斗 hopper输送机 conveyor皮带输送机 belt conveyor5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室，变电所 substation, switch room蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room5.2.2 生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版） preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版） inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站，公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (项目区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井） sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积，区域 area体积，容积 volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench 管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管，垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的，立式的 vertical垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular平行，平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetric相反（的），对面（的） opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面 elevation (EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB)支撑点 point of suppon (POS)管顶 top of pipe (TOP)管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT)工作点 working point (W.P.)面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面 center to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center (C-C) 坐标 coordinate坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline (CL)入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance5 8 相关专业的专业词汇5 8 1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表；管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam 中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4) 其它回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环；再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 preparation蒸汽吹扫 steaming out吹扫 purge抽空；排空 evacuation吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料 feed成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物 building钢结构 steel structure已有钢结构 existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor平台 platform (PF)地面 ground level栏杆 handrail 楼梯 stair; stair way直梯 ladder柱 column; post; stanchion基础 foundation; footing粱 beam斜撑；支撑 bracing桁架；主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating吊装孔 erection opening吊梁 hoisting beam棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载 dead load活荷载 live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘） panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘 instrument panel常开 normally open常闭 normally closed电缆槽（架） cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架） instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计 manometer; pressure gauge热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer液位计 level gauge玻璃液位计 gage glass温度计保护管 thermowell流量计 flow meter孔板 orifice变送器 transmitter联锁 interlock仪器；设备 apparatus仪器分析 instrumental analysis自动分析 automatic analysis气体分析 gas analysis化学分析 chemical analysis气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis5.8.4 电气危险区划分 hazardous area classification 危险区平面图 hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel配电盘 switch board电缆沟 cable trench电流 current直流 direct current交流 alternating current频率 frequency相位 phase功率因数 power factor电压 voltage电阻 resistance电容 capacitance静电 static electricity接地 grounding; easthing照明 lighting; illumination避雷针 lightning preventer电话 telephone电线 wire接线箱（盒） junction box导线管 conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座 fixed saddle滑动鞍座 sliding saddle管口 nozzle人孔 manhole (MH)手孔 handhole (HH)检查孔 inspection hole吊柱 davit切线 tangent line 焊接线 weldingiine件号 part humbet椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head加强圈 reinforcing ring接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug气缸 cylinder轴 shaft轴承 bearing附件，附属设备 accessory编位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水 raw water硬水 hard water软水 soft water饮用水 potable water循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water苦咸水（碱性水） brackish water生活污水 sanitary sewer工业废水 industrial waste water雨水 rain water污染雨水 contaminated rain water消防水 fire water(2) 装置、设施软化装置 softener沉淀器 settler沉淀池 clarifier脱盐装置 demineralizer水处理 water traatment冷却塔 cooling tower中和池 neutralization tank化粪池 septic tank渗滤井 soak-away pit井 well阀井 valve pit清扫口 clean out（3）消防消火栓 hydrant水炮 water monitor洒水器 sprinkler水喷淋 watering灭火器 fire extinguisher消防水泵 fire pump消防车 fire fighting truck泡沫消防 foam fire-fighting泡沫栓 foam hydrant泡沫炮 foam monitor消防软管接头 fire hose connection6 管道支吊架Pipe Supports and Hangers6.1 管架零部件Attachment of Support管托 shoe管卡 clampU形夹（卡） clevis锻制U形夹 forged steel clevis支耳；吊耳 lug; ear耳轴 trunnion止动挡块 shear lug托座 stool托架 cradle带状卡 strap clamp夹板，导向板 cleat可调夹板 adjustable cleat角板；连接板 gusset筋；肋 rib支承环 ring加强板 stiffiener底板 base plate顶板 top plate翅片式导向板 fin预埋件 embedded part; inserted plate垫板（安装垫平用） shim锚固件；生根件 clip预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment)聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate连接板 tie plate连接杆 tie rod限制杆 limit rod带环头拉杆 eye rod连接杆 connecting rod杠杆 lever支撑杆 strut定位块 preset pieces间隔管（片、块） spacer滑动吊板（吊架顶部用） sliding traveler(for hanger) 滑轮组 tackle-block钢索，电缆 cable木块 wood block 鞍座 saddle裙座 skirt软管卷盘（简） hose reel管部附着件 pipe attachment6.2 管支架型式Type of Pipe Support支承架 resting support滑动架 sliding support固定架 anchor导向架 guide限制性支架；约束 restraint限位架 stop限位器 stopper定值限位架 limit stop二维限位架 two-axis stop往复定值限位架 double-acting limit stop定向限位架 directional stop吊架 hanger弹簧架 spring support弹簧托架 resting type spring support弹簧吊架 spring hanger恒力吊架 constant hanger重锤式吊架 counter weight hanger弹簧恒力吊架 spring constant hanger弹簧恒力托架 resting type spring constant support滚动支架 rolling support弹簧支撑架 spring bracing减振器 snubber液压减振器 hydraulic snubber减振装置 damping device缓冲简（器） dash pot刚性吊架 rigid hanger6.3 标准及通用型支架标准管架 standard pipe support通用管架 typical pipe support悬臂架 cantilever support三角架triangular support’支腿 legⅡ形管架Ⅱ-type supportL形管架 L-type support柱式管架 pole type support可调支架 adjustable support管墩，低管架 sleeper特殊管架 special support管道支吊架图 piping support drawing6.4 管架安装钻孔 drill长孔 slot; slot hole放气孔；通气孔 vent hole灌浆；水泥砂浆填平 grouting组装；装配 assembly攻螺孔 tapped; tapping自由滑动 free to slide跨度 span对中心；找正 alignment切割使适合 cut to suit修饰使适合 trim to suit伸出长度（指预埋螺栓） extrusion7 应力计算热应力分析 thermal stress analysis管道柔性分析 piping flexibility analysis荷载工况 load case力 force反力 reaction力矩 moment弯曲力矩 bending moment扭矩 torque外载 externally applied load荷载 load冷态荷载 cold load工作荷载 working load外力 external force内力 internal force力偶 couple of force管系 piping system位移 displacement附加位移 appendant displacement; externally imposed displacement角位移 angular rotation冷拉 cold spring自拉 self spring方向 direction元件 member节点 node节点号 node number自由 free固定点 fix point; anchor point刚性的 rigid 柔性 flexibility塑性 plasticity热循环 thermal cycle剧烈循环条件 severe cyclic condition应力 stress弯曲应力 bending stress扭转应力 torsional stress轴向应力 axial stress剪切应力 shear stress拉应力 tension stress压应力 compression stress一次应力 primary stress二次应力 secondary stress位移（热胀）应力范围 displacement (thermal expansion) stress range许用应力范围 allowable stress range位移应力 displacement stress柔性应力 flexibility stress内压应力 internal pressure stress外压应力 external pressure stress纵向应力 longitudinal stress许用应力 allowable stress主应力 principal stress圆周应力 circumferential stress; hoop stress峰值应力 peak stress脉动应力 pulsating stress交变应力 alternating stress残余应力 residual stress热应力 thermal stress遛转半径 radius of gyration泊松比；横向变形系数 Poisson ratio弹性模量 modulus ofelasticity惯性矩 moment of inertia极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia断面系数 section modulus应力集中系数 coefficient of stress concentration 应力范围减小系数 stress range reduction factur 应力增大系数 stress intensification factor面内 in-plane面外 out-plane柔性系数 flexibility factor柔度特性 flexibility characteristic弹簧系数 spring constant热膨胀系数 thermal expansion coefficient安全系数 safety factor应变；变形 strain; deformation。

维多利亚(Victaulic) I-867-7UL型号压力减压阀安装、维修和测试手册说明书

• Depressurize and drain the piping system before attempting to install, remove, adjust, or maintain any Victaulic piping products.
Failure to follow these instructions can cause product failure, resulting in death or serious personal injury and property damage.
Start Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Readjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Maintenance And Inspection Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Normal Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Quarterly Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Annual Inspection And Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Difficulty In Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NCE, AND TESTING MANUAL

管道工程安装标准英语

管道工程安装标准英语## Piping Engineering Installation Standards.Piping engineering involves the design, installation, and maintenance of piping systems used to transport fluids and gases in various industrial and commercial applications. To ensure the safety, reliability, and efficiency of these systems, it is essential to adhere to establishedinstallation standards.### Codes and Regulations.The installation of piping systems is governed by a range of codes and regulations, which vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific application. Some of the most commonly referenced codes include:American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31 series.American Petroleum Institute (API) 570。

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13628。

These codes and regulations provide detailed requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, installation, and testing of piping systems. Compliance with these standards is essential to ensure the safety and integrity of the system.### Material Selection.The choice of piping materials is critical to the performance and longevity of a piping system. Factors to consider when selecting materials include:Fluid compatibility: The material must be compatible with the fluids being transported.Pressure and temperature ratings: The material must be able to withstand the operating pressure and temperature ofthe system.Corrosion resistance: The material must be resistant to corrosion from the fluids being transported and the environment.Mechanical strength: The material must have sufficient strength to support the system's weight and withstand external forces.Common piping materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, PVC, and polyethylene. The appropriate material for a given application will depend on thespecific requirements of the system.### Fabrication Techniques.Piping systems are typically fabricated from pre-cut sections of pipe, which are then joined using various techniques. Common fabrication techniques include:Welding: Permanent joints created by melting the basemetal of the pipe sections together.Flanging: Joints created by bolting together flanges that are welded or screwed onto the pipe ends.Threading: Joints created by cutting threads into the pipe ends and screwing them together.The choice of fabrication technique depends on factors such as the material, pressure rating, and accessibility of the joint.### Installation Procedures.The installation of piping systems involves a series of steps, including:Pipe layout: Determining the route of the piping system and identifying the supports and hangers required.Pipe cutting and preparation: Cutting the pipe sections to the desired lengths and preparing the ends for joining.Joint assembly: Joining the pipe sections using the appropriate fabrication technique.Support and anchoring: Providing supports and anchors to prevent excessive movement or vibration in the piping system.Insulation and coating: Applying insulation and protective coatings to prevent heat loss, condensation, and corrosion.### Inspection and Testing.Once a piping system is installed, it should be thoroughly inspected and tested to ensure its integrity and functionality. Inspection typically involves visual examination, dimensional checks, and pressure testing.Pressure testing is performed by applying pressure to the system and monitoring it for leaks. The pressure test must be conducted at a specified pressure that is typicallyhigher than the operating pressure of the system.### Documentation.Detailed documentation is an essential part of piping engineering installation standards. This documentation should include:Piping layout drawings.Material specifications.Fabrication procedures.Installation instructions.Inspection and testing reports.Maintenance schedules.Proper documentation ensures that the piping system is installed and maintained in accordance with the establishedstandards and provides a record of the system's history for future reference.### Conclusion.Adhering to piping engineering installation standards is crucial to ensure the safety, reliability, andefficiency of piping systems. These standards provide guidelines for the design, materials, fabrication, installation, and testing of piping systems, ensuring their compliance with industry best practices and regulatory requirements.。

Piping Installation QUALITY PROCEDURE管道安装质量程序

QUALITY PROCEDYRE PIPING INSTALLATIONCONTENTS1.0 SCOPE2.0 PURPOSE3.0 DEFINITIONS4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES5.0 REFERENCES6.0 QUALITY PROCEDURE7.0 ATTACHMENT1. SCOPEThe procedure applies to the inspection of piping installation.2. PURPOSEThe Quality Procedure has been developed in order to highlight the main works of operation a nd performance in accordance with the Quality Control activities during doing piping installation.3. DEFINITIONQCT Quality Control TeamP&ID Process & Instrument Diagram4. RESPONSIBILITIESConstruction Manager shall be responsible for the overall implementation of the Work Procedure, coordination with the Planning and Scheduling Department, to ensure efficient execution of works in accordance with the project relative specification, requirement and procedure.Project Engineers or Site Engineers shall be responsible for the efficient use of resources to execute the works in accordance with the construction drawings and project specification.The QC Department shall be responsible for compiling various technique documents and quality procedure, conducting surveillance and inspection duties at the various stages of works, efficient recording and reporting of the results as required.The Quality Manager shall receive all requests for inspection form from various Project Engineers or Site Engineers and inform the TR Representative, as and when their presence is required to witness the inspections.The Piping Quality Control Inspector shall accompany the TR Representative to carry out routine inspections and release hold points by signing and obtaining TR Representative approval signatures on the various quality records as proof of an inspection conforming to specifications. The Piping Quality Control Inspector shall coordinate with other discipline Quality Control Inspectors for ensuring that all other discipline activities that require inspection within the piping construction works have been inspected and approved.The Field Technician shall be responsible for monitoring piping receiving and conducting the field spot test in accordance with this Work Procedure. The Field Technician shall also be responsible for issuing and reviewing all reports required.5. REFERENCESASME B31.3ASME B25.56. QUALITY PROCEDURE6.1 Valve InstallationA. Prior to installation, some valves shall be pressure-tested andstroking-tested. Every batch of valves should be checked bysampling. If unacceptable valves are found, the rate of sampling-checked will be increased. The valves shall conform to the followingrequirements:a. Correct material quality.b. Valve seat tightly jointed with its body.c. Valve steam well contacted with its body.d. Valve steam jointed well and reliably with valve core.e. Neither bending nor corrosion with valve steam, seal staff capcorrectly matched with the steam, threads free of defects.f. Valve cap well contacted with its body.g. Gaskets, staff, bolt, nuts complete and free from defects.B. The material produced or processed by foreign standards shall betested accordingly in line with ASMT31.3 when it is used in lowtemperature application.C. The valve that is required by the design for seal test at lowtemperature shall have the qualifying certificate issued by themanufacturer for seal test at low temperature.D. OCT shall inspect the factory certificates and the pressure-testedrecords of re-examination and the records of disassembly.E. Prior to installation, take protective measures to prevent sealingsurfaces from being damaged. The construction personnel shallperform the work as per drawing to ensure that the valve types, size,its installation position and direction are correct and accurate. OCTshall check the installation sites and the construction as perconstruction drawing.F. Flange thread valves shall be installed in the close state, butwelded valves shall be in the open state when they are connectedwith pipes because overheating and thus deformation may result inthe burning of sealed staff.G. Argon arc welding shall be conducted as a prime for butt-weldingvalves to prevent valves from contamination.H. The material produced or processed by foreign standards shall betested for its welding accordingly in line with ASMT31.3 when it isused in low temperature application.I. When a valve is to be installed on the pipe which requires heattreatment, welding shall be conducted after the entire pipe heattreatment. The welding seam requires local heat treatment.J. Ensure that the bolts can pass through freely when installing valves.Force in not allowed during installation. Valves in a row shall beparallel. The workers shall line out for installation, and OCT shallcheck visually to assure that no deviation exits.K. The hand wheel orientation of valve may be changed in accordance with approval of TR, when difficult to manoeuvre, or when obstructing workingareas, or when not erected in accordance with the provisions of thetechnical specifications or at variance with TR’s request.L. The operative mechanism and the driving units of the valves shall be adjusted as needed for convenient operation and correctdirection.M. To avoid damage to the adjustable valves and electromagnetic valves during installation, use wood and such to protect theconnecting parts of the instruments before the installation.N. Do not use excessive force to install cast-iron valves so as to avoid possible damage to them.6.2 Installation of safety valvesA. Inspect the car seals (wire and lead) prior to installation, if it on car seals,car seals (wire and lead) shall be finished.B. Verify carefully the location number of safety valves as per P&IDdrawing prior to installation. After the restoration of piping system,QCT should thoroughly check valves installed.C. Valves shall be installed vertically and no deviation is allowed evenif examined by visual view.D. Testing of safety valvesa. Adjust the working pressure of safety valves as per P&IDdrawing, and this job need to owner’s witness.b. The safety valves shall be with tab when installed.6.3 Installation of pipe line inspectionA. Preparation of site before installationa. Construction electricityb. All installation toolsc. Temporary facilitiesB. Material inspection as per material control procedure.C. Inspection of spools before installationThe fabricated spools’ interior clearances should be inspected priorto installation, and spot-check dimension, material etc. as per toisomeric drawing. The construction group don’t use the spoolfabricated, fitting, pipe, valve etc. without mark or certificate.D. Pipe line alignmenta. Pipeline alignment shall be in accordance with plan key. Avoidto come forth wrong position of pipeline.b. Use rolling jig or crane for installation of random pipe.c. The damage of pipe and spool are avoided during alignment.E. Cuttinga. It is advised to cut pipes of grade A and of hardening capacitywith mechanical methods including sawing machine or lather.b. It is recommended to cut stainless steel pipe with mechanicalor plasma methods.c. Other steel pipes can be cut with oxygen and acetylene.d. Cutted pipe shall be marked such as material, heat NO.material code, size and colour sign.F. Groove machining and inspectiona. Only mechanical method is allowed to machine pipes of gradeA and of hardening capacity.b. Use mechanical method to machine intermediate alloy,stainless steel pipe. The surface must be polished beforeplasma is used to cut. Dedicated abrasive wheel shall be used to cut or grind stainless steel pipe. And it is prohibited to use with common carbon steel pipe. c.It is recommended to machine other steel pipes with mechanical method or oxygen & acetylene. The surface must be ground and polished.d. The processed edge angles shall be in accordance with following as:e.The surface shall be smooth and free from cracks or splashes. If the edge does not conform to the applicable requirements, the welding should not commence. The quality control inspector shall frequently check by samples the edge processing and constructing records on site.f.To avoid stainless steel be penetrated, dedicated abrasive wheel shall be used to cut or grind stainless steel pipe. And it is prohibited to use with common carbon steel pipe.G. Pipe linking a.The workers should inspect whether the interior of pipe has slag and oxide granule etc. before linking. Ensure that it is cleanly. The quality control inspector should frequently check clean and mark the records.b. Ensure that the type of edge accord with standards In terms of wall thickness and material of pipe.c. Internal misalignment of butt joints shall not exceed 1.5 mm.d. The parallelity and verticality of the flange face must be ensured to meet the design and code regulations.H.Welding as per welding control procedure.I. Welds mark after welds finished, as per pipe prefabricationprocedure.J. The construction group shall submit the welding daily report to quality inspector everyday. (Welding daily report see attachment)K. Heat treatment as per heat treatment quality control procedure.L. OCT should inspect randomly the pipe groove and mark the records.M. Hole on pipe shall be completed before installation of pipe. When open hole on installed pipe, shall remove the sundries caused by cutting. And workers should avoid the hole located Longitudinal seam lest it has stress.N. Gradient of piping shall be in accordance with drawing.O. All the bolts and nuts shall be greased for anti-corrosion when is installed. Bolts and nuts of different materials should be clearly marked. QCT shall check by random sampling.P. Ensure that graphite gaskets are smoothness and free of buckles and cracklings when mounting gaskets or pads. Handle them carefully during installation. The stainless steel belt of coiled gaskets must be fixedly spot-welded and free of welding omission evidence. The asbestos rubber belt of graphite on the two planes must tower above the steel belt and free of curling. The workers should check them one by one when mounting them. The quality control engineer shall randomly check the storing and installing methods, and the site mounting of the gaskets.Q. In order to prevent the pipe from causing stress on the rotating equipment, the last end of the pipe to be connected with the rotating equipment must be father away from it. After the above –said end has been welded, examine the parallel degree of flanges that are connected with the dynamic equipment. The deviation of the degree should be less than allowance stipulated by the manufacture. QCT shall check this work 100percent.R. For pipe connecting with compressor, start from compressor and first install pipe support. Weight and additional torque of pipe and valve shall not be on machine. Deviation of levelness and plumpness shall be less than 1mm/m. Slope for pipe on inlet of gas compressor caused by level deviation shall be on one side of tank. S. Flange faces are parallel within a tolerance of 1-2 tenths of mm and that tightening will not cause the disalignment of the machinery and relative motors. Flange faces shall be properly clean.T. Care shall be taken to prevent dust or iron rust or other foreign materials from entering the equipment, pump and compressor etc.during installation. So asbestos blinds must be added the flangespots connected with equipment.6.4 Installation of support and hangerA. Install support and hangers together with pipe and according torequirement of process.B. Install anchor support and limit support in accordance with design.Sliding face of guiding support or sliding support shall keep cleanno defect.C. When welding support, shall avoid crack, miss and other defect.D. Spring of adjustable support is given installation load when suppliedand position of operation load is marked in the range of load. Wheninstall spring support, QC inspector and Field Technician shallcheck it and mark records.6.5 Static grounding erectionA. Static grounding erection inspect include grounding location,connection mode, grounding resistance.B. All these items shall have inspection records.C. Especially, connection mode needs to be welded, and its materialmust be same as main pipe.7. ATTACHMENT (See next page)CONSTRUCTION DIVISION Page 11 of 11。

船舶管系制作及安装流程

船舶管系制作及安装流程Ship Piping Fabrication and Installation Procedure.1. Planning and Material Procurement.Review project specifications and drawings to determine pipe sizes, materials, and routing.Procure required materials, including pipes, fittings, valves, and gaskets.Ensure materials meet specified standards and quality requirements.2. Prefabrication.Cut pipes to length and prepare bevels for welding.Fit and assemble fittings, valves, and other components.Weld and pressure-test subassemblies.3. Installation.Prepare pipe supports and hangers.Install prefabricated subassemblies into the vessel. Weld or bolt pipes permanently into place.4. Testing and Commissioning.Pressure-test the entire system to ensure integrity.Perform functional testing of all valves and instruments.Commission the system by introducing process fluids.5. Documentation and Maintenance.Prepare and maintain as-built drawings and documentation.Establish a preventative maintenance program to ensure ongoing system reliability.中文回答：船舶管系制作及安装流程。

汽车维修指南说明书

Adjust Clutch Linkage Verify Clutch Brake Squeeze Lubricatedistance should be 0.490" – .560" (12.70 –14.22 mm):Step 2.Mechanical Linkages Only :Adjust the clutch linkage until the yoke fingers contact the release bearing (zero free-play in the cab).the release bearing and the clutch brake. Press the pedal down to clamp the gauge.• If the gauge does not clamp,returnto Step 1 and readjustthe clutch linkage.the gauge can be removed.• If the pedal is more than 1" (25.4 mm) from the floor, readjust the truck linkage to move the yoke fingers further from the release bearing. Return to Step 4.Verify there is 1 inch or more clutch pedal free-play with 0.125"clearance between the release yoke finger and release bearing. If not, adjust clutch linkage per OEM instructions.Verify Free-Playbearing• If the distance is more than 0.560" (14.22 mm) return to Step 1 and readjust the clutch linkage. • If the distance is less than 0.490" (12.70 mm) consult Heavy-Duty Clutch Service Manual (CLSM0200).Feeler gaugeReleasebearing Clutch brakeor moreNOTICE: Do not reset the clutch.Eaton 15.5" Advantage Series Self-Adjusting Clutch CLMT1280 EN-USOctober 2017Installation ProcedureFlywheel Housing Face RunoutFlywheel Face Runout Flywheel Housing I.D. Runout Put gauge fingeragainst flywheel housing pilot I.D.Rotate flywheel onerevolution. Max. runout is 0.008" (0.20 mm)Put gage finger incontact with flywheel face near the outer edge.Measure Engine Flywheel Housing and FlywheelEngine flywheel housing and flywheel must meet these specifications or it may result in premature clutch failure. Remove and replace old pilot bearing per engine manufacturer instructions. All gauge contact surfaces must be clean and dry. Clean flywheel surfaces of all grease, oil, and rust preventatives. Failure to perform this function can affect the performance of the clutch. Use a dial indicator and check the following:Rotate flywheel onerevolution. Max. runout is 0.005" (0.13 mm)Put gage fingercontacting pilot bearing bore.Rotate flywheel onerevolution. Max. runout is 0.008" (0.20 mm)Secure dial indicator base toPut gage finger inflywheel housing.up to 5 times, this:• Moves release bearing slightly closer to the transmission • Gains free-play in cabNote: Refer to CLSM0200 for lube hose installation procedures used with hydraulic clutch release systems.Note: Refer to TCMT0021 for additional lubrication information.NOTICE: Do not add lube (never seize or grease) tothe input shaft splines. The discs must be free to move.ClutchBrakeYokeFingerMechanical Linkages OnlyHydraulic Linkages: Skip to Step 7Clutch BrakeYoke FingerEatonVehicle Group P.O. Box 4103Kalamazoo, MI 49003 USA 800-826-HELP (4357)/roadrangerCopyright Eaton, 2017.Printed in USANote: Refer to CLSM0200and CLSL1511NOTICE: Eaton recommends the use of Roadranger EP2for release bearing lubrication, or an equivalent Lithium Complex, NLGI #2 or #3 grease with a NLGI LB/GC performance rating and a dropping Point temperature of 220 C (428 F) or higher. Failure to use the proper grease may affect bearing life and void the warranty coverage on your Eaton product.fingers.Note: When installing clutch to flywheel, position the wear indicatorat the bottom of flywheel to ease future clutch servicing.8Remove four yellowshipping bolts in acrisscross pattern.Check Transmission for WearReplace any worn components.Input Shaft SplinesAny wear on the splines willrelease (clutch drag).shaft splines.Cross Shaft and BushingsExcessive wear at these points can causeRef. 1990SAE handbook 4:36.106. Replace transmission bearing retainer cap if length isgreater than 8.71” (221.33 mm).Transmission BearingRetainer Capprematurely.Input Shaftreduce sleeve bushing lifeand cause it to come out.race ofFasten Transmission to Flywheel Housingrotating the output shaft.CAUTION: Do not pull on release arm to install transmission.This will cause the clutch to over adjust.Do not add NOTICE: Use the Eaton Clutch Selector Guide (CLSL1511)to make ensure you have the correct clutch.WARNING: An assembled clutch weighs about 150 lbs (68 kg).Avoid the risk of injury. Use proper equipment when lifting a clutch.。

管道零件英文缩写

1 管子及管件1.1P 管子 Pipe钢管的厚度在10mm以上的都称之为厚壁埋弧焊管埋弧焊的英文标识为SAW,直缝埋弧焊钢管的简称为LSAW,螺旋埋弧焊钢管为SSAWLSAW 钢管 Longitudinally Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe 直缝双面埋弧焊钢管，它是利用埋弧焊技术生产的直缝钢管。

SAW钢管全称 Submerged Arc Welding Steel Pipe 埋弧焊钢管螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管1.2 EL 弯头 Elbow1.2.1 ELL 长半径弯头 Long radius elbow1.2.2 ELS 短半径弯头 Short radius elbow1.2.3 MEL 斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头） Mitre elbow1.2.4 REL 异径弯头 Reducing elbow1.3 T 三通 Tee1.3.1 LT 斜三通 Lateral tee1.3.2 RT 异径三通 Reducing tee1.4 R 异径管接头（大小头） Reducer1.4.1 CR 同心异径管接头（同心大小头） Concentric reducer 1.4.2 ER 偏心异径管接头（偏心大小头） Eccentric reducer 1.5 CPL 管箍 Coupling1.5.1 FCPL 双头管箍 Full coupling1.5.2 HCPL 单头管箍 Half coupling1.5.3 RCPL 异径管箍 Reducing coupling1.6 BU 内外螺纹接头 Bushing1.7 UN 活接头 Union1.8 HC 软管接头 Hose coupler1.9 SE 翻边短节 Stub end1.10 NIP 短节 Pipe nipple or straight nipple1.10.1 SNIP 异径短节 Swaged nipple1.11 CP 管帽（封头） Cap1.12 PL 管堵（丝堵） Plug1.13 BLK 盲板 Blank1.13.1 SB 8字盲板 Spectacle blind (blank)1.14 RP 补强板 Reinforcing pad支管台（或称加强管接头OLET加强管接头(OLET)的选用:当支管直径50≤DN≤200,选用不到标准三通时,应采用加强管接头连接。

欧洲软管标准(EN hose standards)

EN 1360-1996
EN 1361-1997
EN 13765-2003
EN 13766-2003
EN 138-1994
Respiratory protective devices Fresh air hose breathing apparatus for use with full face mask, half mask or mouthpiece assembly Requirements, testing, marking
EN 26801-1993
EN 26802-1993
EN 269-1994
apparatus 力推动新鲜空 breathing a hood 气软管呼吸器 incorporating 要求、测试、 Requirements, testing, marking 标志呼吸保护装置用于喷砂操作的包括护罩的压缩空气导管呼吸器或动力推动新鲜空气软管呼吸器要求、测试、标橡胶和塑料软管静态条件下耐臭氧性的评定塑料软管通用型可折叠织物增强输水软管规范
60684-2:1997) Flexible insulating sleeving Part 3: Specifications for individual types of sleeving; Sheets 100 to 105: Extruded PVC sleeving (IEC 60684-3-100 to 105:2001) Flexible insulating sleeving Part 3: Specifications for individual types of sleeving; Sheets 121 to 124: Extruded silicone sleeving (IEC 60684-3-121 to 124:2001) Flexible insulating sleeving Part 3: Specifications for individual types of sleeving; Sheets 145 to 147: Extruded PTFE sleeving (IEC 60684-3-145 to 147:2001)

MA3系列水力阀门 Mill Type 圆线阀门操作指南说明书

MANUAL2Parker HannifinCylinder Division EuropeManual'Mill Type' CylindersMA3 SeriesHydraulic Cylinder Operating InstructionsFitting and commissioning is to be carried out by qualified personnel only, in accordance with the operating instructions.1. Mounting and connections1.1 Mounting of actuator depends on the options selected: – Flange – Pivot– Foot1.2 Hydraulic ports are in each end cap.1.3 Connecting the load: use the mounting thread on the piston rod.1.4 Cushion adjusting screws are fitted in the head and/ or cap, where specified.1.5 Air bleed screws are fitted in the head and/or cap, where specified.1.6 Stroke adjusters are fitted in end caps, where specified.1.7 Electrical connector for transducer, where specified.2. FunctionPressurized fluid is applied to a circular piston inside a cylinder which pushes the rod. This action moves the piston genera-ting linear motion. This linear motion and force is transmitted to the application by the rod. Where specified, the sensor provides a signal which indicates stroke position. This signal may be analogue or digital.3. General conditions of useThese general recommendations for the correct and safe use of the product must be observed at all times:– Comply with the limits specified in the catalogue. – Ensure the hydraulic fluid supplied meets the specified cleanliness level. – Ensure the correct seal class has been specified for the hydraulic fluid used. – Ensure that the actuator is suitable for the prevailing ambient conditions. – Comply with the national and local safety laws and regulations. – Remove all transport packaging. All packaging material used is recyclable. – Maintain the fluid specified for the complete service life of the product.4. InstallationMechanical– Check that the cylinder model code meets the specification required.– Handle the cylinder with care in order to prevent damage to the cylinder tube and piston rod which could reduce reliability and safe operation.– Mount the cylinder so that all control elements are always accessible.– Mount the cylinder so that there is no misalignment between the rod and its mating fitting.– Tighten screws, lock nuts and accessories to the torques specified in the maintenance manual.Hydraulic – Tube and hose fittings are to be screwed directly into the pressure ports of the cylinder end caps. – Fill the cylinder slowly in order to preventuncontrolled movements.ElectricIf a sensor is fitted, ensure that the cable is not energized when attaching the cable to the sensor connector.5. Commissioning Complete SystemSlowly fill the complete hydraulic system with oil in order to prevent any uncontrolled movements. During the filling opera-tion, the system and/or cylinder must be bled of air at suitable points.Hydraulic Cylinder – Make sure that the area traversed by the rod and attached mass is clear of personnel or any obstructing bodies. – Start a test run.– If necessary adjust the cushion screw to achieve optimal performance. The purpose of the cushion adjustment is to ensure that the cylinder achieves full stroke without striking the cap too hard.– If fitted, use the stroke adjusters to achieve the stroke required. It is recommended that hydraulic pressure should be released before makingadjustments.– CAUTION : During all adjustments ensure that theoperator is clear of the area traversed by the moving mass.6. Operation6.1 Make sure that the area traversed by the moving mass is clear of personnel or any obstructing bodies. Only handle the cylinder when all movement has ceased.6.2 Ensure that the oil and ambient temperature is within the temperature range of the cylinder fitted.6.3 Make sure that the pressure indicated on the model plate is not exceeded.7. Maintenance7.1 The cylinder must be regularly checked for leaks. If seals are leaking they must be replaced according to the maintenance bulletins (see 9)7.2 Ensure the hydraulic fluid supplied meets the specified cleanliness level. Filtration to ISO Class 17/14.7.3 Ensure that all maintenance work is in compliance with the national environmental and safety regulations.7.4 Any further instructions, see maintenance bulletin referred to in 7.1.3Parker HannifinCylinder Division EuropeManual'Mill Type' CylindersMA3 SeriesWARNING – USER RESPONSIBILITYFAILURE OR IMPROPER SELECTION OR IMPROPER USE OF THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN OR RELATED ITEMS CAN CAUSE DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE.This document and other information from Parker-Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries and authorized distributors provide product or system options for further investigation by users having technical expertise.The user, through its own analysis and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the system and components andassuring that all performance, endurance, maintenance, safety and warning requirements of the application are met. The user must analyze all aspects of the application, follow applicable industry standards, and follow the information concerning the product in the current product catalog and in any other materials provided from Parker or its subsidiaries or authorized distributors.To the extent that Parker or its subsidiaries or authorized distributors provide component or system options based upon data or speci-fications provided by the user, the user is responsible for determining that such data and specifications are suitable and sufficient for all applications and reasonably foreseeable uses of the components or systems.Offer of SalePlease contact your Parker representation for a detailed 'Offer of Sale'.8. Disassembly and Repairs8.1 For any further instructions see maintenance bulletin referred to in 7.1.8.2 Use original Parker spare parts only. For any further advice, please contact your nearest Parker Sales office.9. Corrective Actions10. Technical DataSee catalogue: MSG1910-0262Parker Hannifin Ltd. Tachbrook Park Drive Tachbrook Park, Warwick, CV34 6TU United KingdomTel.: +44 (0) 1926 317 Manual MA3Your local authorized Parker distributor© 2020 Parker Hannifin Corporation. All rights reserved.European Product Information Centre Free phone: 00 800 27 27 5374(from AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, IE, IL, IS, IT, LU, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RU, SE, SK, UK, ZA)Europe, Middle East, AfricaAE – United Arab Emirates, DubaiTel: +971 4 8127100AT – Austria, St. Florian Tel: +43 (0)7224 66201 AZ – Azerbaijan, Baku Tel: +994 50 2233 458BE/NL/LU – Benelux, Hendrik Ido Ambacht Tel: +31 (0)541 585 000BY – Belarus, Minsk Tel: +48 (0)22 573 24 00CH – Switzerland, Etoy Tel: +41 (0)21 821 87 00 CZ – Czech Republic, PragueTel: +420 284 083 111DE – Germany, Kaarst Tel: +49 (0)2131 4016 0DK – Denmark, Ballerup Tel: +45 43 56 04 00ES – Spain, Madrid Tel: +34 902 330 001FI – Finland, Vantaa Tel: +358 (0)20 753 2500FR – France, Contamine s/Arve Tel: +33 (0)4 50 25 80 25GR – GreeceTel: +30 69 44 52 78 25HU – Hungary, Budaörs Tel: +36 23 885 470IE – Ireland, Dublin Tel: +353 (0)1 466 6370IL – IsraelTel: +39 02 45 19 21IT – Italy, Corsico (MI) Tel: +39 02 45 19 21KZ – Kazakhstan, Almaty Tel: +7 7273 561 000NO – Norway, Asker Tel: +47 66 75 34 00PL – Poland, Warsaw Tel: +48 (0)22 573 24 00PT – PortugalTel: +351 22 999 7360RO – Romania, Bucharest Tel: +40 21 252 1382RU – Russia, Moscow Tel: +7 495 645-2156SE – Sweden, Borås Tel: +46 (0)8 59 79 50 00SL – Slovenia, Novo Mesto Tel: +386 7 337 6650TR – Turkey, Istanbul Tel: +90 216 4997081UK – United Kingdom, Warwick Tel: +44 (0)1926 317 878ZA – South Africa, Kempton Park Tel: +27 (0)11 961 0700North AmericaCA – Canada, Milton, Ontario Tel: +1 905 693 3000US – USA, Cleveland Tel: +1 216 896 3000Asia PacificAU – Australia, Castle Hill Tel: +61 (0)2-9634 7777CN – China, Shanghai Tel: +86 21 2899 5000HK – Hong Kong Tel: +852 2428 8008IN – India, MumbaiTel: +91 22 6513 7081-85JP – Japan, Tokyo Tel: +81 (0)3 6408 3901KR – South Korea, Seoul Tel: +82 2 559 0400MY – Malaysia, Shah Alam Tel: +60 3 7849 0800NZ – New Zealand, Mt Wellington Tel: +64 9 574 1744SG – Singapore Tel: +65 6887 6300TH – Thailand, Bangkok Tel: +662 186 7000TW – Taiwan, Taipei Tel: +886 2 2298 8987Parker WorldwideSouth AmericaAR – Argentina, Buenos Aires Tel: +54 3327 44 4129BR – Brazil, Sao Jose dos Campos Tel: +55 080 0727 5374CL – Chile, Santiago Tel: +56 22 303 9640MX – Mexico, TolucaTel: +52 72 2275 4200。

化工实用英语

1 管道组成件Piping component管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径管reducer活接头union管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple1.3 弯管Bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange法兰盖blind flange, blind压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀杆stem阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀体body阀盖bonnet本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal阀杆填料stem packing1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve(8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve(12) 止回阀check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap气动阀pneumatic operated valve机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮球式疏水阀float trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve总管阀header valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle膨胀节expansion joint消声器silencer1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling橡胶管rubber hose爆破片rupture disk8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end平端plain end (PE)对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint法兰连接（接头）flanged joint2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt螺母nut粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)铸件casting熟铁，锻铁wrought iron生铁pig iron球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic塑料plastic聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin合成橡胶synthetic rubber橡胶rubber天然橡胶natural rubber玻璃glass木材wood陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel耐火砖fire brick3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．自密封self-sealing填料函压盖stuffing box gland金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing 4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS)统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS)统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement 5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器Vessel(1) 塔tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tow(2) 反应器reactor汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower蒸馏塔distillation tower再生塔regenering tower(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank闪蒸罐flash drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer吸附器adsorber喷头sprayer消声器silencer火炬flare(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher预热器preheater加热器heater再热器reheater(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher预热器preheater加热器heater再热器reheater空分装置air separation facility软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station 设施facilities罐区tank yard成套设备package unit5.4 厂房、站、单元5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit界外off site东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL)详图detail5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口spool piece, spool取样接口sampling connection集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口spool piece, spool取样接口sampling connection集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的full jacketed平面plan比例scale图例legend符号symbol方位orientation相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular平行，平行的parallel计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD) 水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage润滑油lubricating oil溶剂solvent溶液solution聚合物polymer硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid硝酸nitric acid烧碱caustic soda工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable (4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning环境温度ambient temperature成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution进料feed5.8.3 仪表常开normally open常闭normally closed压力计manometer; pressure gauge 温度计thermometer液位计level gauge流量计flow meter孔板orifice联锁interlock变送器transmitter仪器；设备apparatus仪器分析instrumental analysis气相色谱仪gas chromatograph液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph质谱分析mass spectrometric analysis 化学分析chemical analysis气体分析gas analysis5.8.3 仪表常开normally open常闭normally closed压力计manometer; pressure gauge温度计thermometer液位计level gauge流量计flow meter孔板orifice联锁interlock变送器transmitter仪器；设备apparatus仪器分析instrumental analysis气相色谱仪gas chromatograph液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph质谱分析mass spectrometric analysis 化学分析chemical analysis气体分析gas analysis5.8.5 设备管口nozzle人孔manhole (MH)轴shaft附件，附属设备accessory5.8.6 水道软水soft water硬水hard water饮用水potable water循环冷却水给水cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水cooling water return 消防水fire water苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water生活污水sanitary sewer工业废水industrial waste water脱盐水demineralized water8 隔热、隔声管壳shell隔热；融热层insulation保温hot insulation保冷cold insulation导热系数thermal conductivity factor噪声值noise level; sound level分贝Decibel深色的dark红色的red蓝色的blue黄色的yellow绿色的green紫色的purple棕色的；褐色的brown橙色的orange colour灰色的grey (gray)腐蚀corrosion13 设计阶段及管理分析设计阶段analytical engineering phase初步阶段preliminary stage规划布置阶段planning stage (phase)成品设计阶段production design phase详细设计detail design基础设计basic design工作程序working procedure界区条件battery limit condition开工会议kick-off meeting; launching meeting项目审核会proiect review meeting项目进展情况报告proiect status report (PSR)厂商协调会vendor coordinative meeting (VCM)用户变更通知client change notice (CCN)先期确认advanced certified final (ACF)最终确认certified final (CF)设计基础数据basic engineering design data数据表data sheet设计文件design document设计注释design note工程规定engineering specification设计规定汇总表design specification summary sheet (DSSS) 资料；文件documentation附件appendix技术说明technical specification索引；目录index工程手册；设计手册engineering manual计算书calculation sheet批准用于规划布置approved for planning (AFP)审核提纲check list审定approval校核check制图drawn标题栏title block项目号job No.图号drawing number (DWG No.) 会签inter department check大修over haul模型model部门department专业；学科discipline安装erection; installation试车commissioning; running-in 开车start-up运行中on stream停车shut-down。

建筑工程烟道安装停歇点检查流程

英文回答：Pyrotechnic stop—point inspection is an extremely important element of the construction and needs to be strictly implemented. The construction unit should prepare relevant materials and tools in advance to ensure that inspections are carried out smoothly. This includes checking the integrity of the safety equipment and the need for a construction permit and related documentation. ：： Preparation of survey tools and detection instruments to conduct a full check on the installation of the pyrotechnics. Uponpletion of the preparatory work, the construction unit should conduct security training for the personnel concerned to ensure that they are aware of the safety precautions and emergency response programmes for the installation of the smoke pipe. Only in this way can the stop—point inspection of pipe installation be carried out safely and smoothly.烟道安装停顿点检查是建筑工程中极为重要的环节，需严格按规定执行。

ISO管道标准(ISO pipe standards)

IEC 61084-22-2003
Cable trunking and ducting
systems for electrical
电气装置用电缆槽和管道系 installations - Part 2-2:
统.第2-2部分:特殊要求.安装在 Particular requirements; Cable
ISO 115632003
原油和石油制品.散货运输.实现管道满度的指南
Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Bulk cargo transfer - Guidelines for achieving the fullness of pipelines
ISO 109281997
塑料管道系统玻璃纤维增强热固性塑料(GRP)管材和管件回
归分析及其使用方法
Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings - Methods for regression analysis and their use
柱
Cable trunking and ducting systems for electrical installations - Part 2: Particular requirements Section 4: Service poles
IEC 6140021-2001
风轮发电机系统第21部分：管道连接风轮机功率质量特性的测量和评定
状变形可能性试验方法
Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes - Test method to prove the resistance to initial ring deflection

ISO管道标准(ISO pipe standards)

IEC 61084-11991
电气装置用电缆槽和管道系统第1部分:一般要求
Cable trunking and ducting systems for electrical installations; part 1: general requirements
IEC 61084-21-1996
电气装置用电缆槽和管道系统第2部分:特殊要求第1节:安装在墙上或天花板上的电缆槽和管道系统
Cable trunking and ducting systems for electrical installations - Part 2: Particular requirements Section 1: Cable trunking and ducting systems intended for mounting on walls or ceilings
Plastics piping systems for pressure and non-pressure water supply - Glassreinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) systems based on unsaturated polyester (UP) resin
ISO 107901999
封闭管道中流体流量的测量科
里奥利计选择、安装和使用指南(流量、密度和容量的测定)
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Guidance to the selection, installation and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow, density and volume flow measurements)

科勒水龙头安装说明书

科勒（中国）投资有限公司中国上海市静安区江场三路158号邮编: 200436制造商：上海科勒电子科技有限公司中国上海宝山区丰翔路1955号邮编：200444安装说明书INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS 注意事项:1．一定要先彻底冲洗供水管以清除管道中的杂质，使用水源为自来水或可供饮用水。

2．尽可能在安装脸盆之前安装水龙头。

3．请勿将强力及冲击施于产品，以免造成故障，引起漏水。

4．安装、清洁龙头时，切勿损伤感应窗口表面，以免造成故障。

5．安装时注意电池的正负极不能装反，电池盒盖要拧紧，防止电池受潮。

6．请勿使产品感应窗口靠近强紫外线或电磁场。

7．修理面盆时，用黑色电工胶布粘住感应窗口。

8．检查供水管有无损坏和漏水。

如需要，进行替换和维修。

9．遵守当地管路安装条例。

10．切断供水管路。

所有的资料是按最新出版的产品资料编写而成。

科勒公司保留任何时候不经通知即可改变产品特性、包装或产品可供类型的权利。

说明书包括重要的安装、保养及清洁方面的内容，请把这些资料交给用户阅读。

All the data is complied per latest product version. Kohler C o. reserves the rights to change the product characteristics, packaging or product models without prior notice.The manual includes important contents for installation, maintenance and cleaning. Please delivery to customer for reference.NOTES:1.Flush the water supply pipes thoroughly to remove debris.Product is designed for tap water or potable water.2.Try to install the faucet before installing the wash basin.3.Do not apply strong force and impact to the product to avoid failure and water leakage.4.Do not damage sensing eye during faucet installation and cleaning to avoid failure.5.Pay attention to the +/- polarities of battery during installa-tion, no reverse installation. Tighten the battery box to prevent battery from damping.6.Do not approach sensing eye to strong ultraviolet or electromagnetic field.7.Apply black tape to sensing eye when maintaining the wash basin.8.Check water supply pipe damage and leakage. Replace or maintain the pipe as needed.9.Observe all local plumbing and building codes.10.Shut off the water supply.安装之前BEFORE YOU BEGINALEO WIDESPREAD TOUCHLESS LAV FAUCET 利奥八寸感应脸盆龙头K-26800T-CP技术参数安装步骤1. How to install faucet spoutFasten retaining bolt (4) to the bottom of the water outlet (1). Install washer (2) through flex hose (3) into the groove at the bottom of the water outlet.Place lift rod (8) into the hole behind the water outlet.Insert water inlet assembly into wash basin installation hole. Install washer (5), washer (6) and nut (7) from the bottom of the wash basin. Align water outlet, tighten water outlet assembly by nut.2. How to install the water drainRemove stopper (9), flange (12) and washer (13) from drainage body (16). Remove the tailpiece (17) from drainage body. Apply sealant tape to the tailpiece threads and reinstall back to drainage body. Insert drain-age body assembly from the bottom and insert into the wash basin drainage rod opening (15) towards back. Screw flange with washer into drainage body, tighten lock nut (14) from the bottom manually.Note: apply sealant putty to the underside of the flange (12), or other sealant if needed, instead of using washer (13).Insert stopper (9) into water drainage body. Adjust the end of the stopper hole (10) and align it to drainage rod opening.Power: DC 2 piece of AA size alkaline batteries (LR06×2)Inspection Duration: ≤0.35s Turn off Delay of valve: ≤0.35sOvertime Water Control: Auto stop water supply over 4min. Ambient Temperature: 1~55℃Supply Water Temperature: 0.5~71℃Supply Water pressure: 0.05~0.86MPaTECHNICAL PARAMETERINSTALLATION STEPS电源：直流 2节5号碱性电池(LR06×2)检测时间：≤0.35s 关阀延时：≤0.35s超时用水控制：超时用水4分钟，自动止水。

管道专业术语英语

本文由ｅｌｌｉｏｔｃｈｏｕ贡献ｄｏｃ文档可能在ＷＡＰ端浏览体验不佳。

建议您优先选择ＴＸＴ，或下载源文件到本机查看。

管道专业术语　１　１．１　１．２总则为了确保压力管道设计质量，规范压力管道配管术语，特制定本规定．　本规定适用于本公司压力管道前期设计（基础设计）文件和施工图设计文件的设计．　《石油化工企业配管工程术语》（ＳＨ／Ｔ３０５１）．１．３　引用标准　２　２．１　２．２　２．３　２．４　２．５　２．６　２．７　２．８　２．９　２．１０　３　３．１　３．２　３．３　３．４　３．５　３．６　３．７　３．７．１　３．７．２　一般部分　配管　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ按工艺流程，生产操作，施工，维修等要求进行的管道组装．　表征管子，管件，阀门等口径的名义内直径．　管子，管件，阀门等在规定温度下允许承受的以压力等级表示的工　管子，管件，阀门等在正常操作条件下承受的压力．　管道强度试验的规定压力．　管道密封试验的规定压力．公称直径　ｎｏｍｉｎａｌ　ｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒ　公称压力　ｎｏｍｉｎａｌ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ　工作压力　ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ作压力．　设计压力　ｄｅｓｉｇｎ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ　在正常操作过程中①，在相应设计温度下，管道可能承受的最高工作压力　强度试验压力　ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ　ｔｅｓｔ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ　工作温度　ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ　ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ　设计温度　ｄｅｓｉｇｎ　ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ　适用介质　ｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅ　ｍｅｄｉｕｍ　密封试验压力（严密性试验压力）　ｓｅａ１　ｔｅｓｔ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ管道在正常操作条件下的温度．　在正常操作过程中①，在相应设计压力下，管道可能承受的最高　在正常操作条件下，适合于管道材料的介质．或最低温度．管子与管道　管子　ｐｉｐｅ　一般为长度远大于直径的圆筒体，是管道的主要组成部分．　由管子，管件，阀门等连接成的，输送流体或传递流体压力的　单独一组设计条件相互联系的管道．管道（管路）　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　（ｐｉｐｅ　ｌｉｎｅ）　管道系统（管系）　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｓｙｓｔｅｍ　管道组成件　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ　管子表号　ｐｉｐｅ　ｓｃｈｅｄｕｌｅ　ｎｕｍｂｅｒ　无缝钢管　ｓｅａｍｌｅｓｓ　ｓｔｅｅｌ　ｐｉｐｅ　有缝钢管　ｓｅａｍｅｄ　ｓｔｅｅｌ　ｐｉｐｅ通道口．　连接或装配成管道系统的元件，包括管子，管件，法兰，阀门，支　工作压力与工作温度下的管子材料许用应力的比值乘以一个系数，　钢坯经穿孔轧制或拉制成的管子，以及用浇注方法制成的管子．　由钢板，钢带等卷制，经焊接而成的管子．　具有纵向对接焊缝的钢管，利用管子撑件以及补偿器等．　并经圆整后的数值，是表征管子壁厚系列的代号．电阻焊接钢管　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ－ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ－ｗｅｌｄｅｄ　ｓｔｅｅｌ　ｐｉｐｅ的电阻热经加压将预先成型的管坯焊合而成．　电熔焊接钢管　①＂正常操作过程＂是相对意外事故而言的，但包括允许的波动，再生情况．　具有纵向对接焊缝的钢管，利用人工或自动电弧焊将预先成型的　具有纵向对接焊缝的钢管，利　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ－ｆｕｓｉｏｎ－ｗｅｌｄｅｄ　ｓｔｅｅｌ　ｐｉｐｅ　管坯焊合而成．　３．７．３　３．７．４　３．７．５　３．８　３．９　双面埋弧焊接钢管　ｄｏｕｂｌｅ　ｓｕｂｍｅｒｇｅｄ　－ａｒｃ　ｗｅｌｄｅｄ　ｓｔｅｅｌ　ｐｉｐｅ　螺旋焊缝钢管　ｓｐｉｒａｌ　ｗｅｌｄｅｄ　ｓｔｅｅｌ　ｐｉｐｅ　镀锌焊接钢管　ｇａｌｖａｎｉｚｅｄ　ｗｅｌｄｅｄ　ｓｔｅｅｌ　ｐｉｐｅ　渗铝钢管　ａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍ－ｉｍｐｒｅｇｎａｔｅｄ　ｓｔｅｅｌ　ｐｉｐｅ　金属软管　ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ　ｈｏｓｅ　用埋弧焊双面焊接而成．　用卷材制成的，焊缝为螺旋形的钢管．　管壁镀锌的焊接钢管．　管壁表面层渗铝的钢管．用金属薄板等制成的，管壁呈波纹状的并用金属编制物铠装的柔性管．３．１０　３．１１　３．１２　３．１３　３．１５　３．１６　３．１７　３．１８　３．１９　３．２０　３．２１　３．２２　３．２３　３．２４　３．２５　３．２６　３．２７　３．２８　３．２９　３．３０　３．３２　３．３３　３．３４　３．３５　３．３６　３．３７　３．３８　３．３９　３．４０　３．４１　３．４２　３．４３有色金属管　ｎｏｎ－ｆｅｒｒｏｕｓ　ｐｉｐｅ　非金属管　ｎｏｎ－ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ　ｐｉｐｅ　衬里管　ｌｉｎｅｄ　ｐｉｐｅ用铝，铜，铅等非铁金属材料制成的管子．　用玻璃，陶瓷，石墨，塑料，橡胶，石棉水泥等非金属材料制成的管子．　在内壁设置保护层或隔热层的管子．　汇合支管或分出支管的管道．　从总管上分出的或向总管汇合的管道．　总管（主管）　ｒｕｎ　ｐｉｐｅ（ｈｅａｄｅｒ　）　袋形管　ｂａｇ－ｓｈａｐｅ　ｐｉｐｅ　盘管　ｃｏｉｌ　架空管道　ｏｖｅｒｈｅａｄ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　管沟管道　ｔｒｅｎｃｈ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　埋地管道　ｂｕｒｉｅｄ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　跨线３．１４　支管（分管）　ｂｒａｎｃｈ　（ｂｒａｎｃｈ　ｐｉｐｅ）呈＂Ｕ＂形，流体不能自行排尽的管段．　离开地面敷设的，一般在下方可通过行人或车辆的管道．　接近地面或贴地敷设的管道．　敷设在管沟中的管道．　埋设在地下的管道．　穿过建筑物的墙，板等的管道．　连通两条管道（非端点）的管段．螺旋形或排管形的管子．沿地管道　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｉｎｓｔａｌｌｅｄ　ａｌｏｎｇ　ｇｒｏｕｎｄ穿墙（板）管道　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｐａｓｓｉｎｇ　ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ　ｗａｌｌ（ｆｌｏｏｒ）　ｊｕｍｐ－ｏｖｅｒ　ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ　旁通管（旁路）　ｂｙ－ｐａｓｓ从管道的一处接出，绕过阀门或设备，又从另一处接回，具有备用或调　在铁路，公路，河，沟等下方通过的管道．　架空通过铁路，公路，河，沟的管道．　挂在桥上等的管道．　输送原料，中间物料，成品，催化剂，添加剂等工艺介质的管道．　工艺管道以外的辅助性管道，包括水，蒸汽，压缩空气，惰性气　管内介质表压力为　０　至　１．５７ＭＰａ　的管道．　管内介质表压力大于　１．５７　至　１０．０ＭＰａ　的管道．　管内介质表压力大于　１０．０ＭＰａ　的管道．节等功能的管段，如调节阀的旁通管．　穿越管道　ｃｕｔ－ａｃｒｏｓｓ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　跨越管道　ｃｒｏｓｓ－ｏｖｅｒ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　挂越管路　ｈｕｎｇ－ｏｖｅｒ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　工艺管道　ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　公用工程管道　ｕｔｉｌｉｔｙ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　低压管道　ｌｏｗ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　中压管道　ｍｅｄｉｕｍ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　真空管道　ｖａｃｕｕｍ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ体等的管道．３．３１　高压管道　ｈｉｇｈ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ管内绝对压力低于大气压力的管道．ＳＨＡ　级管道　ｇｒａｄｅ　ＳＨＡ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　管内为毒性程度为极度危害介质（苯除外），毒性程度为高度危害　ＳＨＢ　级管道　ｇｒａｄｅ　ＳＨＢ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　管内毒性程度为为极度危害苯，毒性程度为高度危害（丙烯腈，光气，　ＳＨＣ　级管道　ｇｒａｄｅ　ＳＨＣ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ＳＨＤ　级管道　ｇｒａｄｅ　ＳＨＤ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ＳＨＥ　级管道　ｇｒａｄｅ　ＳＨＥ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　管内为毒性程度为中度，轻度危害介质，或乙　Ｂ　类，丙类可燃介　设计温度低于－２９ｏＣ　的低温管道．　设计压力小于　１０．０ＭＰａ　且设计温度高于或等于－２９ｏＣ　的无毒，非　输送气液混相流体的管道．的丙烯腈，光气，二硫化碳和氟化氢介质，或设计压力大于或等于　１０．０ＭＰａ　介质的管道．　二硫化碳和氟化氢除外）介质，或甲类，乙类可燃气体和甲　Ａ　类液化烃，甲　Ｂ　类，乙　Ａ　类可燃介质管道．　质管道．可燃介质的管道．　气液两相流管道　ｔｗｏ　ｐｈａｓｅ　（ｇａｓ－ｌｉｑｕｉｄ）ｆｌｏｗ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　平衡液体管道　ｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍ　ｌｉｑｕｉｄ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　暖泵管道　ｗａｒｍ　ｕｐ　ｐｕｍｐ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　输送泡点状态下液体的管道．为避免切换泵时，较高温度的液体急剧涌入备用泵内使泵受到　输送的液体处于泡点或真空状态，为防止产生　为保持塔顶或塔顶受液罐的压力，　为防止常温下易凝的液体堵塞备用损坏，在泵出口跨越切断阀与止回阀之间的一根小直径管道．　泵入口平衡管道　ｐｕｍｐ　ｉｎｌｅｔ　ｂａｌａｎｃｉｎｇ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　气蚀或为平衡压力，在泵前容器的上部与泵入口的高点之间连接的管道．　塔顶热介质气相旁通管　ｈｏｔ　ｖａｐｏｒ　ｂｙ－ｐａｓｓ　ａｔ　ｔｏｐ　ｏｆ　ｃｏｌｕｍｎ　泵防凝管道　ｐｕｍｐ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｆｏｒ　ｓｏｌｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ　ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ　连接于塔顶出口管道与塔顶受液罐之间的管道．泵，在泵出口管道上，跨越于切断阀与止回阀之间的一根小直径管道．　３．４４　３．４５　３．４６　４　４．１　取样管　ｓａｍｐｌｉｎｇ　ｐｉｐｅ　排液管　ｄｒａｉｎ　放气管　ｖｅｎｔ　为取出管道或设备内用于分析化验的介质而设置的管道．　为管道或设备低点排液而设置的管道．　为管道或设备高点放气而设置的管道．常用管件　管件　ｐｉｐｅ　ｆｉｔｔｉｎｇｓ（ｆｉｔｔｉｎｇｓ）　管道系统中用于直接连接，转弯，分支，变径以及用作端部等的零部件，包括弯头，三通，四通，异径管，管箍，内外螺纹接头，活接头，快速接头，螺纹短节，加强管接　头，管堵，管帽，盲板等（不包括阀门，法兰，紧固件，垫片）．　４．２　４．２．１　４．２．２　４．２．３　弯头　ｅｌｂｏｗ　使管道转向的管件．　两端直径不同的弯头．　弯曲半径等于　１．５　倍管子公称直径的弯头．　弯曲半径等于管子公称直径的弯头．　异径弯头　ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ　ｅｌｂｏｗ长半径弯头　ｌｏｎｇ　ｒａｄｉｕｓ　ｅｌｂｏｗ　短半径弯头　ｓｈｏｒｔ　ｒａｄｉｕｓ　ｅｌｂｏｗ４．２．４　４５ｏ　弯头　４５ｏ　ｅｌｂｏｗ　４．２．５　９０ｏ　弯头　９０ｏ　ｅｌｂｏｗ　４．２．７　４．２．８　４．２．９　４．３　４．４　４．４．１　４．４．２　４．５．１　４．５．２　４．６　４．６．１　４．６．２　４．７　４．７．１　４．７．２　４．７．３　４．７．３　４．８　４．９　４．１０　４．１１　４．１１．１　４．１１．２　４．１２　４．１２．１　４．１２．２使管道转向　４５ｏ　的弯头．　使管道转向　９０ｏ　的弯头．　使管道转向　１８０ｏ　的弯头．　用无缝钢管加工的弯头．　用钢板成型焊接而成的弯头．　由梯形管段焊接的形似虾米腰的弯头．４．２．６　１８０ｏ　弯头（回弯头）　１８０ｏ　ｅｌｂｏｗ（ｒｅｔｕｒｎ　ｂｅｎｄ）　无缝弯头　ｓｅａｍｌｅｓｓ　ｅｌｂｏｗ　焊接弯头（有缝弯头）　ｗｅｌｄｅｄ　ｅｌｂｏｗ　弯管　ｂｅｎｄ　三通　ｔｅｅ斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头）　ｍｉｔｅｒ（ｍｉｔｅｒ　ｅｌｂｏｗ）在常温或加热条件下将管子弯制成所需要弧度的管段．　一种可连接三个不同方向管道的，呈　Ｔ　形，Ｙ　型的管件．　直径相同的三通．　直径不同的三通　直径相同的四通．　直径不同的四通．　两端直径不同的直通管件．　中心线重合的异径管．　中心线不重合，一侧平直的异径管．等径三通　ｓｔｒａｉｇｈｔ　ｔｅｅ　异径三通　ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ　ｔｅｅ　等径四通　ｓｔｒａｉｇｈｔ　ｃｒｏｓｓ　异径四通　ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ　ｃｒｏｓｓ　异径管（大小头）　ｒｅｄｕｃｅｒ４．５　四通　ｃｒｏｓｓ一种可连接四个不同方向管道的，呈十字型形的管件．同心异径管（同心大小头）　ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒｉｃ　ｒｅｄｕｃｅｒ　偏心异径管（偏心大小头）　ｅｃｃｅｎｔｒｉｃ　ｒｅｄｕｃｅｒ　管箍　ｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇ　双头螺纹管箍　ｆｕｌｌ　ｔｈｒｅａｄ　ｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇ　单头螺纹管箍　ｈａｌｆ　ｔｈｒｅａｄ　ｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇ　双承口管箍　单承口管箍　活接头　ｕｎｉｏｎ　螺纹短节　ｎｉｐｐｌｅ　ｆｕｌｌ　ｂｅｌｌ　ｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇ　ｈａｌｆ　ｂｅｌｌ　ｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇ用于连接两根管段的，带有内螺纹或承口的管件．　两端均有螺纹的管箍．　一端有螺纹的管箍．　两端均有承口管箍．　一端有承口管箍．内外螺纹接头（内外丝）　ｂｕｓｈｉｎｇ　快速接头　ｑｕｉｃｋ　ｊｏｉｎｔ用于连接直径不同的管子，　一端为内螺纹，　一端为外螺纹的管接头．由几个元件组成的，用于连接管段，便于装拆管道上其他管件和阀门等的管接头．　可迅速连接软管的管接头．　一端带外螺纹的短节　两端带外螺纹的短节．　用螺纹连接支管的加强管接头．　用对焊连接支管的加强管接头．　带外螺纹的直通管件．单头螺纹短节　ｈａｌｆ　ｎｉｐｐｌｅ　双头螺纹短节　ｆｕ１１　ｎｉｐｐｌｅ　加强管接头　ｏ－ｌｅｔ　螺纹加强管接头　ｔｈｒｅｄｏｌｅｔ　焊接加强管接头　ｗｅｌｄｏｌｅｔ焊接在主管分支处，起加强作用的管接头．４．１２．３　４．１２．４　４．１２．５　４．１３　４．１４　４．１４．１　４．１４．２　４．１４．２　４．１５承口加强管接头　ｓｏｃｋｏｌｅｔ　弯头加强管接头　ｅｌｂｏｌｅｔ　斜接加强管接头　１ａｔｒｏｌｅｔ　管堵（丝堵）　ｐｌｕｇ　管帽（封头）　ｃａｐ　碟形管帽　ｄｉｓｈ　ｃａｐ　螺纹管帽　ｔｈｒｅａｄ　ｃａｐ　盲板　ｂｌａｎｋ（ｂｌｉｎｄ）用承插焊连接支管的加强管接头．　焊接在弯头上的加强管接头．　与主管　４５ｏ　斜接的加强管接头．用于堵塞管子端部的外螺纹管件，有方头管堵，六角管堵等．　与管子端部焊接或螺纹连接的帽状管件．　有折边的球形管帽．　呈椭圆形的管帽．　螺纹连接的管帽．　形似　８　字的隔板，８　字一半为实心板用于隔断椭圆形管帽　ｅｌｌｉｐｓｏｉｄ　ｃａｐ插在一对法兰中间，将管道隔开的圆板．４．１５．１　８　字盲板　ｓｐｅｃｔａｃ１ｅ　ｂｌａｎｋ　（ｓｐｅｃ１ａｃｌｅ　ｂｌｉｎｄ）　管道，一半为空心在不隔断时使用．　５　５．１　５．１．１　５．１．２　５．１．３　５．１．４　５．１．５　５．１．６　５．１．７　５．１．８　５．１．９　５．１．１０　５．１．１１　配的槽．　５．１．１２　５．１．１３　５．２　５．２．１　５．２．２　５．２．３　５．２．４　５．３　管法兰，垫片　法兰　ｆｌａｎｇｅ用于连接管子，设备等的带螺栓孔的突缘形元件．　须将管子插入法兰内圈焊接的法兰．　带颈的，有圆滑过渡段的，与管子为对焊连接的法兰．　带有螺纹，与管子为螺纹连接的法兰．　活套在管子上的与翻边短节或焊环组合使用平焊法兰（平面板式法兰）　ｓｌｉｐ－ｏｎ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ　对焊法兰　ｗｅｌｄｉｎｇ　ｎｅｃｋ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ承插焊法兰　ｓｏｃｋｅｔ　ｗｅｌｄｉｎｇ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ　带有承口的，与管子为承插焊连接的法兰．　螺纹法兰　ｔｈｒｅａｄｅｄ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ　（ｓｃｒｅｗｅｄ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ）　松套法兰　ｌａｐｐｅｄ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ　（ｌｏｏｓｅ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ）　特殊法兰　ｓｐｅｃｉａｌ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ的法兰．　非圆形的法兰，如菱形法兰，方形法兰等．　与标准法兰连接，但接管公称直径小于该标准法兰接管　异径法兰（大小法兰）　ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ　全平面法兰　ｆｌａｔ　ｆａｃｅ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ　凸台面法兰　ｒａｉｓｅｄ　ｆａｃｅ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ公称直径的法兰．　密封面与整个法兰面为同一平面的法兰．　密封面略高出整个法兰面的法兰．　一对法兰，其密封面，一呈凹型，一呈凸型．　一对法兰其密封面，一个有榫，一个有与榫相　法兰的密封面为一梯型环槽．凹凸面法兰　ｍａｌｅ　ａｎｄ　ｆｅｍａｌｅ　ｆａｃｅ　ｆｌａｎｇｅｓ　榫槽面法兰　ｔｏｎｇｕｅ　ａｎｄ　ｇｒｏｏｖｅ　ｆａｃｅ　ｆｌａｎｇｅｓ环连接面法兰　（环槽面法兰）　ｒｉｎｇ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　ｆａｃｅ　ｆｌａｎｇｅｓ　法兰盖　（盲法兰）　ｂｌａｎｋ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ（ｂｌｉｎｄ　ｆｌａｎｇｅ）　起紧固和连接作用的机械零件．与管道端法兰连接，将管道封闭的，带螺栓孔的圆板．　紧固件　ｆａｓｔｅｎｅｒ　螺栓　ｂｏｌｔ　螺柱　ｓｔｕｄ　螺母　ｎｕｔ　垫圈　ｗａｓｈｅｒ　垫片　ｇａｓｋｅｔ　一端有头，一端有螺纹的紧固件，　如六角头螺栓等．　两端或全长均有螺纹的柱形紧固件．　与螺栓或螺柱配合使用，有内螺纹的紧固件，如六角螺母等．　垫在连接件与螺母之间的零件，　一般为扁平形的金属环．　为防止流体泄漏设置在静密封面之间的密封元件．　用石棉，橡胶，合成树脂等非金属制成的垫片．　ａ　外包一层合成树脂等的非金属垫片．　用金属和非金属材料制成的垫片，　如缠绕式垫片，金属包覆　由　Ｖ　形或　Ｗ　形断面的金属带夹非金属带，螺旋缠绕而成的　外环　ｏｕｔｅｒ　ｒｉｎｇ　设置在缠绕　在非金属垫外包覆一层金属的垫片．　非金属５．３．１　非金属垫片　ｎｏｎ－ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ　ｇａｓｋｅｔ　包覆垫片　ｎｏｎ－ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ　ｊａｃｋｅｔ　ｇａｓｋｅｔ　５．３．２　半金属垫片　ｓｅｍｉｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ　ｇａｓｋｅｔ　缠绕式垫片　ｓｐｉｒａｌ　ｗｏｕｎｄ　ｇａｓｋｅｔ　内环　ｉｎｎｅｒ　ｒｉｎｇ　垫片．ａ　垫片．　１）设置在缠绕式垫片内圈的金属环．　２）式垫片外圈的金属环．　ｂ金属包覆垫片　ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ　ｊａｃｋｅｔ　ｇａｓｋｅｔ５．３．３　６　６．１　６．２　６．３　６．４　６．５　６．６　６．７　６．８　６．９　６．１０　６．１１　６．１２　６．１３　６．１４　６．１５　６．１６　６．１７　６．１８　６．１９　６．２０　６．２１　６．２２　６．２３　６．２４　６．２６　６．２７　６．２８　６．２９金属垫片　ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ　ｇａｓｋｅｔ　用钢，铝，铜，镍或蒙乃尔合金等金属制成的垫片．常用阀门　阀门　ｖａｌｖｅ　用以控制管道内介质流动的，具有可动机构的机械产品的总称．　启闭件为闸板，由阀杆带动，沿阀座密封面作升降运动的阀门．　启闭件为阀瓣，由阀杆带动，沿阀座（密封面）轴线作升降运动的阀．　通过启闭件（阀瓣）改变通路截面积，以调节流量，压力的阀门．　启闭件为蝶板，绕固定轴转动的阀门．　启闭件为隔膜，由阀杆带动，沿阀杆轴线作升降运动，并将动作机构与　启闭件呈塞状，绕其轴线转动的阀门．　启闭件为球体，绕垂直于通路的轴线转动的阀门．闸阀　ｇａｔｅ　ｖａｌｖｅ　截止阀　ｇｌｏｂｅ　ｖａｌｖｅ节流阀　ｔｈｒｏｔｔｌｅ　ｖａｌｖｅ　球阀　ｂａｌｌ　ｖａｌｖｅ　蝶阀　ｂｕｔｔｅｒｆｌｙ　ｖａｌｖｅ　隔膜阀　ｄｉａｐｈｒａｇｍ　ｖａｌｖｅ　旋塞阀　ｐｌｕｇ　ｖａｌｖｅ　（ｃｏｃｋ　）　止回阀　ｃｈｅｃｋ　ｖａｌｖｅ　安全阀　ｓａｆｅｔｙ　ｖａｌｖｅ介质隔开的阀门．　能自动阻止介质逆流的阀门．　当管道或设备内介质的压力超过规定值时，启闭件（阀瓣）自动开启排放，低　通过启闭件（阀瓣）的节流，将介质压力降低，使阀后压力自于规定值时自动关闭，对管道或设备起保护作用的阀门．　减压阀　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ　ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ　ｖａｌｖｅ　疏水阀　ｓｔｅａｍ　ｔｒａｐ　调节阀　ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ　ｖａｌｖｅ　动保持在一定范围内的阀门．　自动排放凝结水并阻止蒸汽通过的阀门．　根据外来信号或流体压力的传递推动调节机构，以改变流体流量的阀门．　将阀门的阀杆接长以便操作的阀门．　用链条带动手轮进行操作的阀门．　用压缩空气启闭的阀门．　用电机传动启闭的阀门．　用电磁力启闭的阀门．延伸杆阀　ｖａｌｖｅ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｅｘｅｔｅｎｄｅｄ　ｓｐｉｎｄｌｅ　链轮阀　ｖａｌｖｅ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｃｈａｉｎ　ｗｈｅｅｌ　齿轮阀　ｖａｌｖｅ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｇｅａｒ由齿轮传动启闭的阀门气动阀　ｐｎｅｕｍａｔｉｃ　ｖａｌｖｅ（ｐｎｅｕｍａｔｉｃ　ｏｐｅｒａｔｅｄ　ｖａｌｖｅ）　电动阀　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ　ｖａｌｖｅ　（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌｌｙ　ｏｐｅｒａｔｅｄ　ｖａｌｖｅ　）电磁阀　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏ　ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃ　ｖａ１ｖｅ　（ｓｏｌｅｎｏｉｄ　ｏｐｅｒａｔｅｄ　ｖａｌｖｅ）　液压阀　ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃ　ｖａｌｖｅ　柱塞阀　ｐｉｓｔｏｎ　ｔｙｐｅ　ｖａｌｖｅ　用液体压力启闭的阀门．　用柱塞启闭的阀门．低温阀　ｃｒｙｏｇｅｎｉｃ　ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ　ｖａｌｖｅ　高温阀　ｈｉｇｈ　ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ　ｖａｌｖｅ用于介质温度为－４０　至－１００℃的阀门．　用于介质温度高于　４５０℃的阀门．　能改变管内流体方向的阀门．换向阀　ｃｈａｎｇｅ　ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ　ｖａｌｖｅ（ｄｉｖｅｒｔｉｎｇ　ｖａｌｖｅ）　带吹扫孔阀　ｖａｌｖｅ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｂｌｏｗｉｎｇ　ｈｏｌｅ　夹套阀　ｖａｌｖｅ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｊａｃｋｅｔ　底阀　ｆｏｏｔ　ｖａｌｖｅ　呼吸阀　ｂｒｅａｔｈｅｒ　ｖａｌｖｅ６．２５　衬里阀　ｌｉｎｅｄ　ｖａｌｖｅ为防止阀门内部腐蚀或磨损，在阀门内壁设保护层的阀门．　阀体上设有吹扫孔的阀门．　阀体外带有夹套的阀门．　设置在储罐顶部，当气温和液面变动时，将罐外气体吸入或罐内气体排设置在离心泵吸入管端部，内有止回机构的阀门．出，并自动将罐内气压保持在规定值的阀门．　７　７．１　７．２　７．３　７．３．１　管道上用的设备　（小型设备）　气液分离器　ｓｅｐａｒａｔｏｒ　过滤器　ｓｔｒａｉｎｅｒ　设置在气体管道上，可将气体中夹带的液体分离出来的小型设备．　设置在可燃气体管道上，　用以阻止回火的一种小型设备．　临时设置，用以滤去施工或检修时落入管道内的固体杂物的阻火器　ｆｌａｍｅ　ａｒｒｅｓｔｅｒ　（ｆｌａｍｅ　ｔｒａｐ）　临时过滤器　ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ　ｓｔｒａｉｎｅｒ设置在管道上用以滤去流体中固体杂质的小型设备．过滤器．　７．３．２　７．４　７．５　７．６　７．６．１　７．６．２　７．７　７．８　７．９　７．１０　７．１１　８　８．１　固定过滤器　（永久性过滤器）　ｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔ　ｓｔｒａｉｎｅｒ　消声器　ｓｉｌｅｎｃｅｒ　管道混合器　ｌｉｎｅ　ｍｉｘｅｒ　在正常运行中使用的过滤器．　设置在管道上用以减轻或消除噪声的小型设备．　设置在管道上用以混合两种或两种以上流体的小型设备．　设置在管道上，　通过透明体观察管内流体流动情况　带有浮球，便于观察管内液体流动的视镜．视镜　ｓｉｇｈｔ　ｇｌａｓｓ　（ｓｉｇｈｔ　ｆｌｏｗ　ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒ）　浮球式视镜　ｆｌｏａｔｉｎｇ　ｂａｌｌ　ｓｉｇｈｔ　ｇｌａｓｓ　全视视镜　ｆｕｌｌ　ｖｉｅｗ　ｓｉｇｈｔ　ｇｌａｓｓ　取样冷却器　ｓａｍｐｌｅ　ｃｏｏｌｅｒ　排液漏斗　ｄｒａｉｎ　ｆｕｎｎｅｌ　爆破片　（爆破膜）　ｒｕｐｔｕｒｅ　ｄｉｓｋ　限流孔板　ｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｒｉｆｉｃｅ　混合孔板　ｍｉｘｉｎｇ　ｏｒｉｆ１ｃｅ的小型设备．　四周为透明体，便于从不同方向观察管内流体流动的视镜．由冷却盘管及外壳组成，用以冷却样品的小型冷却器．　承接设备或管道排液的漏斗．　设置在管道或设备上的一种膜片，当管道或设备超压时破裂，起保　设置在管道上，限制流量的孔板．护作用．　设置在管道上混合两种或两种以上流体的孔板．管道隔热　隔热　ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　为减少管道或设备内介质热量或冷量损失，或为防止人体烫伤，稳定操作等，在其外壁或内壁设置隔热层，以减少热传导的措施．　８．２　保温　ｈｏｔ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　８．３　８．４　８．５　８．６　８．７　８．８　８．９　８．９．１　保冷　ｃｏｌｄ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　裸管　ｂａｒｅ　ｐｉｐｅ　为减少管道或设备内介质热量损失而采取的隔热措施．　为减少管道或设备内介质冷量损失而采取的隔冷措施．　为防止热管道烫伤人体而采取的局部隔热措施．　保温后的管道年热损失费用和保温工程投资的年　根据规定的保温层外表温防烫伤隔热　ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ　ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　无外隔热层的管道．　经济保温厚度　ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ分摊费用之和为最小值时的保温层计算厚度．　表面温度保温厚度　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ　ｆｏｒ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ　隔热材料　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ　隔热结构　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ　隔热层　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｌａｇｇｉｎｇ　度，计算确定的保温层厚度．　为保温，保冷，防烫伤或稳定操作等目的而采用的具有良好的隔热　一般由隔热层，防潮层和防护层组成的结构．　（ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ）　为减少热传导，在管道或设备外壁或内壁设置的　为保温目的设置的隔热层．　ｂ　保冷　为保冷目的设置的隔热层．　性能及其它物理性能的材料．隔热体．　ａ　保温层　ｈｏｔ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｌａｇｇｉｎｇ　（ｈｏｔ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ）　层　ｃｏｌｄ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｌａｇｇｉｎｇ　８．９．２　构．　８．９．３　８．９．４　８．９．５　８．９．６　８．９．７　保护层　ｊａｃｋｅｔｉｎｇ　支承圈　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　ｒｉｎｇ　（ｃｏｌｄ　ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ）　防潮层　ｍｏｉｓｔｕｒｅ　ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ　ｌａｇｇｉｎｇ为防止水或潮气进入隔热层，在其外部设置的一层防潮结为防止隔热层或防潮层受外界损伤在其外部设置的一层保护结构．　固定在直立金属管道或设备外壁上，用以支承其上部隔热结构的金属圈．　包裹隔热层用的金属丝编织的网．　用于固定隔热层外金属保护层的具有自攻能力的螺钉．金属网　ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ　ｗｉｒｅ　ｍｅｓｈ　自攻螺钉　ｓｅｌｆ－ｔａｐｐｉｎｇ　ｓｃｒｅｗ　扎带　ｂａｎｄ固定隔热层或金属保护层用的金属带．９管道伴热９．１　９．２．１　９．２．２　９．２．３　９．３　９．３．１　９．３．２　９．３．３　９．４　９．５　９．６　９．７　９．８伴热　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ为防止管内流体因温度下降而凝结或产生凝液或粘度升高以及为保持温度稳定等，　蒸汽伴热　ｓｔｅａｍ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　以蒸汽为加热介质的伴热．　在管道外设置蒸汽伴热管的伴热．　ａ　隔离外伴热　在管道内设置蒸汽伴热管的伴热．　在管道外设置蒸汽套管的伴热．　直接向管道通电以电阻热为热源的伴热．　以高频电流在钢管的表皮产生的感应在管外或管内采用的间接加热方法．　９．２　ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｓｐａｃｅｒ蒸汽外伴热　ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌ　ｓｔｅａｍ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　蒸汽内伴热　ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌ　ｓｔｅａｍ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　蒸汽夹套伴热　ｓｔｅａｍ－ｊａｃｋｅｔ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　电伴热　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ在管道与外蒸汽伴热管之间采取隔离措施，防止局部过热的一种伴热．以电能为热源的伴热．直接法电伴热　ｄｉｒｅｃｔ　ｍｅｔｈｏｄ　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ中间法电伴热　ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａｔｅ　ｍｅｔｈｏｄ　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　间接法电伴热　ｉｎｄｉｒｅｃｔ　ｍｅｔｈｏｄ　ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　热流体伴热（热载体伴热）　ｈｏｔ　ｆ１ｕｉｄ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　伴热管　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　蒸汽伴热（允许）长度　ｓｔｅａｍ　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　ｌｅｎｇｔｈ　伴热蒸汽供汽管　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　ｓｔｅａｍ　ｓｕｐｐｌｙ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ电流为热源的伴热．　利用电热带等提供热量的伴热．　以热流体（如热水，热油等）为加热介质的伴热．　蒸汽伴热管的供汽点与疏水点之间的最大允许距离．　为蒸汽伴热管供汽的管道．　收集和输送由疏水阀排放出的伴热蒸汽凝用于间接加热管内介质，伴随在管道外或内的供热管．伴热蒸汽冷凝水管　ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ　ｓｔｅａｍ　ｃｏｎｄｅｎｓａｔｅ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ结水的管道．　１０　１０．１　１０．２　１０．３　１０．４　１０．５　１０．６　１０．７　１０．８　１０．９　１０．１０　１０．１１　管道柔性及应力　管道柔性　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｆｌｅｘｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ　管道通过自身的变形吸收热胀，冷缩和其它位移的能力　柔性分析　ｆｌｅｘｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ　ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ　柔性设计　ｆｌｅｘｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ　ｄｅｓｉｇｎ　对管道是否具备通过自身变形吸收热胀，冷缩和其它位移能力　对有热胀，冷缩和其它位移要求的管道，为满足柔性要求而进行　管道由于温度变化产生的变形受到阻碍时，在管道中产的分析．　的配管设计．　管道热应力　ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ　ｓｔｒｅｓｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　生的应力．　管道一次应力　ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ　ｓｔｒｅｓｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　管道在内压和持续外载的作用下产生的应力．　管道二次应力　ｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙ　ｓｔｒｅｓｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　管道由于变形受阻而产生的应力．　管道材料许用应力　ａｌｌｏｗａｂｌｅ　ｓｔｒｅｓｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ　在一定温度下，在内压，持续外载　在管的作用下，管道材料容许承受的应力．　管道材料许用位移应力范围　ａｌｌｏｗａｂｌｅ　ｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ　ｓｔｒｅｓｓ　ｒａｎｇｅ　ｏｆ　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ　管道热胀量（管道热伸长量）　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　线膨胀系数　ｌｉｎｅａｒ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ　端点附加位移　ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ　ｅｎｄ　ｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ　道热胀，冷缩或位移受限制时，管道材料容许承受的应力范围．　管道受热膨胀后伸长部分的长度．　管道材料由常温升至　ｔ℃，每温升　１℃单位长度的　与管道连接的设备等因热胀，冷缩，下沉等造成　利用管道自身的几何形状及适当的支撑结构或设置　利用管道自身的几何形状及适当的支撑结构，线膨胀量．　的管道端点位移．　１０．１２　管道热补偿　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ　ｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｉｏｎ　补偿器等，以满足管道的热胀，冷缩或位移要求．　１０．１２．１　１０．１３　性能．　管道自然补偿　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｎａｔｕｒａｌ　ｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｉｏｎ　管道弹性　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｅｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙ　以满足管道的热胀，冷缩或位移要求．　在外力的作用下管道出现变形，在外力消失后管道又恢复原状的１０．１４　１０．１５　１０．１６　１０．１７　１０．１７．１管道塑性变形　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｐｌａｓｔｉｃ　ｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ　管道冷紧　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｃｏｌｄ　ｓｐｒｉｎｇ　冷紧比　ｃｏｌｄ　ｓｐｒｉｎｇ　ｒａｔｉｏ　补偿器　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ管道变形超过弹性范围，即使除去外力，也不能恢复原状的变形．　在安装管道时，有意识地预先造成管道变形，以产生要求的初　管道冷紧值与其全补偿量之比．　设置在管道上吸收管道热胀，冷缩和其他位移的元件．　壳体呈波纹状的补偿器．　ａ　单波补偿　由单个波壳组成的波纹管膨胀节．　ｂ　单式补偿器（单　由一组波壳单独构成的补偿器．　ｃ　复式补偿器（复式波纹　由一组波壳和一对　始位移和应力．．波纹补偿器（波纹管膨胀节）　ｂｅｌｌｏｗ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ器（单波膨胀节）　ｓｉｎｇｌｅ　ｂｅｌｌｏｗ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　式波纹管膨胀节）　ｓｉｎｇｌｅ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　管膨胀节）　ｄｏｕｂｌｅ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ由一固定的中间管段和其两端连接的两组波壳组成的补偿器．　ｄ单式铰链补偿器　（单式饺链波纹管膨胀节）　ｓｉｎｇｌｅ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｈｉｎｇｅｓ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｈｉｎｇｅｓ　ｇｉｍｂａｌ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ铰链机构组成，可在一个平面内作角偏转的补偿器．　ｅ　复式铰链补偿器（复式饺链波纹管膨胀节）　ｄｏｕｂｌｅ　在同一个平面内用连杆连接的两对铰链和以中间管段连接的两组波壳组　成，可在一个平面内作横向位移和角偏转的补偿器　ｆ　万向接头式补偿器（万向接头式波纹管膨胀节）　由波壳和两对铰链加一个平衡环组成，可在任意平面内作角偏转的补偿器．　ｇ　由一组波壳　单式连杆补偿器（单式连杆波纹管膨胀节）　ｓｉｎｇｌｅ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｎｇ　ｒｏｄ　膨胀节）　ｄｏｕｂｌｅ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｎｇ　ｒｏｄ和一组连杆组成的，可在任意平面内作横向位移和角偏转的补偿器．　ｈ　复式连杆补偿器（复式连杆波纹管　由一组长连杆或两组短连杆与中间管段　根据补偿器作横　连　接　的　两　组　波　壳　组　成　，　可　在　任　意　平　面　内　作　横　向　位　移　和　角　偏　转　的　补　偿　器　．　ｉ　压力平衡补偿器（压力平衡波纹管膨胀节）　ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ－ｂａｌａｎｃｅｄ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　备接管的荷载的补偿器．　１０．１７．２　１０．１７．３　１０．１７．４　∏形补偿器　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　＂∏＂　ｂｅｎｄ　用管子煨制或焊接成∏形的补偿器．　用管子煨制或焊接成Ω形的补偿器．　由两个相匹配的套筒及填料密封组成，可沿轴　Ω形补偿器　ｄｏｕｂｌｅ　ｏｆｆｓｅｔ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ＂Ω＂ｂｅｎｄ　套筒式补偿器　ｓｌｅｅｖｅ　ｔｙｐｅ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ　向轴向位移或角偏转的要求，　采取相应的结构措施使波壳的内压推力在补偿器内平衡，　从而减轻支架或设向伸缩的补偿器．　１１　管道支架与吊架　支承管道的结构．１１．１　管道支架（管架）　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　１１．１．１　固定支架　ａｎｃｈｏｒ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ使管道在支撑点上无线位移和角变位的支架．　ａ　次固定支架　除承受次固立　设置在直管　设ｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙ　ａｎｃｈｏｒ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　承受由管段热变形产生的弹性力，摩擦力及管段自重，风力荷载的支架，其总　荷载值为作用在固定点上的这些作用力的矢量和．　ｂ　主固定支架　ｍａｉｎ　ａｎｃｈｏｒ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　的所有作用力的矢量和．　ｃ　重载固定支架（终端固定支架）　ｈｅａｖｙ　ｌｏａｄｉｎｇ　ａｎｃｈｏｒ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　置在直管段中部的固定支架，　其所受的推力为不同方向作用力的矢量和．　１１．１．２　１１．１．３　滑动支架　ｓｌｉｄｉｎｇ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　导向支架　ｇｕｉｄｅ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　管道可以在支承平面内自由滑动的支架．　限制管道径向位移，，但允许轴向位移的支架．　ａ　带附加裕量的导向　对有轴向位移又有径向位移和角偏转的管段，除可　支架所承受的各种荷载外，还承受管段和补偿器的不平衡内压推力的支架，其总荷载值为作用在固定点上　段末端或设备附近的固定支架．　ｄ　减载固定支架（中间固定支架）　ｒｅｄｕｃｅｄ　ｌｏａｄｉｎｇ　ａｎｃｈｏｒ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ支架　ｇｕｉｄｅ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　ｗｉｔｈ　ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ　ａｌｌｏｗａｎｃｅ　ｌ１．１．４　１１．１．５　１１．１．６　滚动支架　ｒｏｌｌｉｎｇ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ在轴向位移外，还在指定的方向上允许有一定位移量的导向支架．　装有滚筒或球盘使管道在位移时产生滚动摩擦的支架．　装有弹簧使管道在限定位内可竖向位移的支架．　根据力矩平衡原理，利用杠杆及圆柱螺旋弹簧来平　可变弹簧支架　ｖａｒｉａｂ１ｅ　ｓｐｒｉｎｇ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　衡力弹簧支架　ｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ　ｓｐｒｉｎｇ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ衡外载的支架．支撑点产生竖向位移时，支架荷载变化很小．　１１．１．７　１１．１．８　１１．１．９　１１．１．１０　１１．１．１１　１１．１．１２　１１．１．１３　１１．１．１４　１１．１．１５　１１．１．１６　１１．１．１７　１１．１．１８　１ｌ．２　１１．２．２　１１．２．３　１１．２．４　１１．２．５　１１．２．６　１１．３　１１．３．１　１１．３．２　１１．３．３　１１．３．４　１１．３．５　１１．３．６　１１．３．７　１１．３．８　１１．３．９　１１．　２．１　平衡锤支架　ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｗｅｉｇｈｔ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　液压支架　ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　铰接支架　ｈｉｎｇｅ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　柔性支架　ｆｉｅｘｉｂｌｅ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　刚性支架　ｒｉｇｉｄ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　止推支架　ｓｔｏｐ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　假管支架　ｄｕｍｍｙ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　管道支耳　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｌｕｇ　管托　ｐｉｐｅ　ｓｈｏｅ　管卡　ｐｉｐｅ　ｃｌａｍｐ　管墩　ｐｉｐｅ　ｓｌｅｅｐｅｒ　刚性吊架　ｒｉｇｉｄ　ｈａｎｇｅｒ　利用平衡锤提供恒定支撑力的支架．　利用液压装置提供恒定支撑力的支架．　支架的柱脚与基础饺接以适应架顶管道位移的支架．　当管道产生位移时，支架本体（柱子）可以产生相应变形以适应　当管道产生位移时支架本体基本不变形的支架．　高度可以调节的支架．　可以阻止管道向某一方向位移的支架．　在管端或弯头处焊接一段与管道不连通的直管，延伸至另一支撑结　焊接在管道外壁的径向支撑件．　用以回定管道，防止管道脱落，为管道导向等的构件．　ａ　隔热管卡　一般高出地面几百毫米，支撑管道的枕状结构．　吊挂管道的结构　基本无变形的吊架．　装有弹簧，　允许管道在限定范围内作竖向位移的吊架．　根据力矩平衡原理，利用杠杆及圆柱螺旋弹簧来平衡架顶管道位移要求的支架．　可调支架　ａｄｊｕｓｔａｂｌｅ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ构上的支架．　固定在管道底部与支承面接触的以利隔热等目的的构件．ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ｃｌａｍｐ用于隔热层外部的管卡．管道吊架　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｈａｎｇｅｒ可变弹簧吊架　ｖａｒｉａｂｌｅ　ｓｐｒｉｎｇ　ｈａｎｇｅｒ　恒力弹簧吊架　ｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ　ｓｐｒｉｎｇ　ｈａｎｇｅｒ　吊耳　ｅａｒ（ｌｕｇ）　吊杆　ｈａｎｇｅｒ　ｒｏｄ　荷载　ｌｏａｄ外载的吊架，　支撑点产生竖向位移时，吊架荷载变化很小．　固定在管道上用以与吊杆连接吊挂管道的元件．　与其它元件连接用以吊挂管道的金属直杆．　两端分别具有左右螺纹用以调节吊杆长度的零件．花篮螺母（调节螺母）　ｔｕｒｎｂｕｃｋｌｅ　活荷载　ｌｉｖｅ　ｌｏａｄ施加在支架或吊架上的力，力矩．　管内输送或试压介质以及管道上面对冰，雪，行人等荷载．　管道组成件，隔热材料以及其它加在管道上的永久性荷载．　管道上设置小型设备，阀门，平台及支管等处的荷载．　垂直于水平面的荷载，包括管道组成件，隔热结构，管内输送或试　沿着水平管道轴线方向的荷载，包括管道或补偿器的　与管道轴线方向成侧向垂直的荷载，包括风荷载，　管道　由管道振动等产生的荷载．　沿管道长度呈均匀分布的荷载．静荷载（固定荷载）　ｄｅａｄ　ｌｏａｄ　动力荷载　ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ　ｌｏａｄ　均布荷载　ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍ　ｌｏａｄ　竖向荷载　ｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌ　ｌｏａｄ　集中荷载　ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄ　ｌｏａｄ压介质以及冰，雪，平台和行人等形成的荷载．　轴向水平荷载　ａｘｉａｌ　ｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌ　ｌｏａｄ　侧向水平荷载　ｌａｔｅｒａｌ　ｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌ　ｌｏａｄ　弹力，不平衡内压力，管道移动的摩擦力或支吊架变位弹力等．　弯曲管道或支管传来的推力，管道侧向位移产生的摩擦力等．　补偿器弹力　ｒｅａｃｔｉｎｇ　ｆｏｒｃｅ　ｆｒｏｍ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ（ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ　ｆｒｏｍ　ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ　ｊｏｉｎｔ）　牵制系数　ｔｉｅ－ｕｐ　ｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ　伸缩时补偿器变形产生的弹性力．　１１．３．１０　制作用的系数，称为牵制系数．　１１．４　１１．５　１２　管道跨距（管道跨度）　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｓｐａｎ　管道挠度　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｄｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ　管道振动与防振　管道两个相邻支撑点之间的距离．　两相邻支点间的管道因自重或受外力引起弯曲变形的程度．　在设置多根管道的同一支架上，无热变形或热变形已经稳定的管道阻止变形管道推动管架，使管道的水平推力部分低消．表示这种牵１２．１　１２．２　１２．３　１２．４　１２．５　１２．６　１２．７　１２．８　１３　１３．１　１３．１．１　１３．１．２　１３．１．３　１３．１．４　１３．１．５　１３．１．６　１３．１．７　１３．１．８　１３．２　１３．３　１３．３．１　１３．３．２　１３．４　１３．４．１　１３．４．２　１３．５管道振动　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ　流体脉动　ｆｌｕｉｄ　ｐｕｌｓａｔｉｏｎ　管道喘振　ｐｉｐｉｎｇ　ｓｕ。

Pipe and hose installation

CLAMP-STAUFF管夹

管件英文名及缩写

Spears EverTUFF CTS CPVC 热水和冷水管道系统说明书

波音机械标准施工tube

化工装置安装英语词汇(现场安装和材料名称)

维多利亚(Victaulic) I-867-7UL型号压力减压阀安装、维修和测试手册说明书

管道工程 安装标准英语

Piping Installation QUALITY PROCEDURE管道安装质量程序

船舶管系制作及安装流程

汽车维修指南说明书

管道零件英文缩写

欧洲软管标准(EN hose standards)

MA3系列水力阀门 Mill Type 圆线阀门操作指南说明书

化工实用英语

建筑工程烟道安装停歇点检查流程

ISO管道标准(ISO pipe standards)

ISO管道标准(ISO pipe standards)

科勒水龙头安装说明书

管道专业术语英语

管道工程安装标准英语