国际贸易法英文版双语教学课件Chapter 2

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国际贸易双语教程英文版

国际贸易双语教程英文版IntroductionInternational trade is an essential part of the global economy. It involves the exchange of goods and services between countries. In this bilingual tutorial, we will provide an overview of international trade and explore its various aspects. This tutorial aims to help readers gain a thorough understanding of international trade concepts and terminology in English.1. Understanding International TradeInternational trade refers to the exchange of goods and services across international borders. It allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services that they can produce efficiently, ensuring maximum productivity and resource utilization. This leads to increased economic growth and welfare for participating nations.2. Benefits of International TradeInternational trade offers several advantages to participating countries. These benefits include:•Improved Efficiency: Countries can focus on producing goods and services that they can produce efficiently, increasing overall productivity.•Access to a Wider Range of Goods: Countries can import goods not produced domestically, allowing consumers access to a broader selection of products.•Expanding Markets: With international trade, businesses can reach new markets abroad, enabling them to grow and expand.•Economic Growth: International trade stimulates economic growth by promoting investment, job creation, and innovation.•Lower Costs: Countries can import goods at a lower cost than producing them domestically, leading to cost savings for consumers andbusinesses.3. Trade BarriersDespite the benefits of international trade, various barriers can hinder smooth trade operations. These barriers include:•Tariffs: Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods, increasing their prices and reducing demand.•Quotas: Quotas limit the quantity of goods that can be imported, restricting access to foreign markets.•Regulatory Barriers: These include regulations, standards, and certifications that goods must meet to enter a country, creating additional costs and hurdles for exporters.•Currency Barriers: Fluctuations in exchange rates can affect the competitiveness of goods in international markets.•Trade Restrictions: Embargoes, trade sanctions, and trade wars can further hinder international trade.4. International Trade AgreementsTo promote and regulate international trade, countries often engage in the negotiation and formation of trade agreements. These agreements aim to reduce trade barriers and create a more favorable trade environment. Some prominent international trade agreements include:•World Trade Organization (WTO): The WTO is a global organization that promotes free trade and resolves trade disputes amongmember countries.•Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): FTAs are agreements between countries that eliminate or reduce trade barriers among participating nations.•Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs): RTAs are trade agreements between countries within a specific geographic region.•Bilateral Agreements: Bilateral agreements are trade agreements between two countries, focusing on addressing trade barriers and promoting trade.•Multilateral Agreements: Multilateral agreements involve multiple countries negotiating and establishing trade rules and regulations.5. Trade DocumentationInternational trade involves significant documentation to ensure smooth and legal transactions between parties. Some essential trade documents include: •Commercial Invoice: An invoice that provides detailed information about the goods being sold, including quantity, price, and delivery terms.•Bill of Lading: It is a document issued by a carrier that acknowledges the receipt of goods for shipment.•Packing List: A detailed list of the contents and quantities of a shipment.•Certificate of Origin: It certifies the origin of the goods and is needed to claim preferential treatment under trade agreements.•Insurance Certificate: A document that confirms that goods are insured against loss or damage during transportation.•Customs Declaration: A document that provides information about the goods being imported or exported and helps calculate applicable customs duties and taxes.ConclusionInternational trade plays a crucial role in the global economy, enabling countries to benefit from specialization, economic growth, and improved welfare. This bilingual tutorial aimed to provide an overview of international trade in English, covering its various aspects from understanding the basics to trade barriers, agreements, and documentation. By understanding these concepts, readers can engage in international trade activities more effectively and confidently.。

国际贸易法Chapter 2.1 brief introduction of contract law

[1] 英美法系[2] 英国法系[3] 判例法法系
1.1 The Relevant National Laws 1. The Law Systems
(3) Main different between the two law systems
•legal origin •legal procedure •legal classification
Chapter 2 ITL Contract Laws
Case

An Austrian company, plaintiff, entered into a contract for the purchase and transport of sprits to Russia with the Swiss branch of a company that had its headquarters in Liechtenstein. The contract was never performed because a dispute arose among the parties regarding the mode of transport and the final date of performance. The Austrian buyer sued the Swiss seller for repayment of an advance payment, while the defendant claimed damages for breach of contract.
Chapter 2 ITL Contract Laws
This chapter is very very very important!~~~~
Chapter 2 ITL Contract Laws The Relevant Rules Formation of a Contract Validity and Invalidity of a Contract Performing a Contract Risk and Property Breaches and Remedies

国际贸易实务双语教程电子课件02

向承运人交货的贸易术语FCA

双方义务：卖方在合同规定的时间、地点，将合同规定的货物置于买方指定的承运人控制下，并及时通知买方。承担将货物交给承运人控制前的一切费用和风险。自负风险和费用，取得出口许可证或其他官方批准文件，并办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。提交商业发票或具有同等作用的电子信息，并自费提供通常的交货凭证。买方签订从指定地点承运货物的合同，支付有关运费，并将承运人名称及有关情况及时通知卖方。根据合同的规定受领货物并支付货款。承担受领货物之后发生的一切费用和风险。自负风险和费用，取得进口许可证或其他官方文件，并办理货物进口所需的海关手续。
装运港交货贸易术语CIF
双方义务：
卖方合同期内，货物装船，并通知买方；负责租船订舱并支付至目的港的正常运费；负责为货物在运输中损坏、丢失风险取得海上保险，办理保险业务，支付保费买方：支付货款、承担货越船舷后的风险费用、办理进口手续、受领货物

装运港交货贸易术语CIF
注意事项：租船订舱责任：卖方只负责按通常条件租船订舱；保险责任：为了买方利益。如无相反明文规定，卖方只需按《协会货物保险条款》或其他类似保险条款中最低责任的保险险别投保，最低保险金额是合同价款加成10%。按合同计价货币投保。卸货费用：班轮：卖方。可采用CIF Liner Terms (CIF 班轮条件) 租船：在合同中明文规定用CIF的变型表示：CIF Landed (CIF 卸至码头) ；CIF Ex Tackle (CIF 吊钩下交接)；CIF Ex Ship’s Hold (CIF舱底交接)；

CASE A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sale Contract with a German firm on October 5, 2006, selling a batch of certain commodity. The contract was based on CIF Hamburg at USD 2500 per metric ton; The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean on board B/L. During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly. The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller. Question: (1) Is the buyer’s refusal reasonable? Why? (2)How should the buyer to deal with the loss?

国际结算英文版第2版教学课件chapter2 Negotiable Instrument

2.1.2 Opening Case
2.1.2.1 Bill of Exchange Issuing
Example of Draft Issuing
Exchange for USD 10,000
Paris, July 13th, 2020
At 30 days after shipment date (shipment date: July 10th, 2020)
cheque to ABC bank
ABC Bank
D
C endorses the cheque to D
B Payee
B endorses the cheque to C
C
2.1.2 Opening Case
2.1.2.3 Cheque Issuing
Example of Cheque Issuing
International Settlement
Chapter 2
Negotiable Instrument
2 Negotiable Instrument
目录
CONTENTS
2.1
General Introduction of Negotiable Instruments
2.2 Bill of Exchange
2.1.3.4 Words Restriction——means all the right of instruments are determined according to the written words of the instrument. Creditor and debtor is only bonded by the words of the instrument: creditor can not require something from debtor beyond the words of the instrument, and debtor can not use something beyond the words of the instrument to plead to creditor.

国际贸易法二InternationalTradeLaw-资料.ppt

该公约并未对解决合同纠纷的所有法律问题都作出规定，对公约未规定的问题，我国公司应在合同中作出规定，或选择某一国国内法管辖合同。
对于当事人没有规定的事项、也没有选择合同所适用的法律的，法院应依据最密切联系原则来确定合同所适用的法律。问题：1、如何理解“如果不另做法律选择”
2、买卖合同中“在中国仲裁”之类条款，是否属于另做法律选择？ 3、如何理解最密切联系原则？哪些关系属于最密切？
Contracting State. (2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be
disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract. (3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention 第一条：(合同适用公约的条件）
第一节国际货物买卖合同概述
四、CISG关于适用范围的重要条款 Article 1：(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties

教学课件国际贸易实务双语教程(第二版)傅龙海

适用于海运及内河水运的术语
• FAS、FOB、CFR and CIF
• Among the 11 trade terms, FOB, CFR and CIF are the most commonly used terms.
• Nowadays, they are used as trade terms for symbolic delivery.
• The Buyer’s Obligations 买方义务
a. All expenses and risks after the goods delivered on board at port of shipment.
b. Accept related documents provided by the seller and take delivery the goods and pay for them.
c. Accept related documents provided by the seller and pay duly according to the contract
• Some points for attention about FOB
要注意的几个问题 – The cancellation of the concept “cross the rail” “船舷为界”概念的取消 – Shipping charges
关于FOB的装船费用
• Definition 概念
The seller is responsible for booking space and delivering the goods on board the vessel sailing for the destination in due time according to the contract and covering the risks and expenses during carriage. The risks of loss or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.

国际贸易英语第二章讲义教学内容

International Trade TheoriesChapter 2 Modern Trade Theories (1)In Chapter 2 and 3 we have discussed the benefits from trade. In this and the next two chapters, our discussion will be focused on providing the theoretical basis for international trade by introducing the most popular modern trade theories, such as the theories of mercantilism, absolute advantage and comparative advantage, the Heckscher-Ohlin theory of factor endowments, the Leontief paradox, the product life-cycle theory and the “Gravity” model of trade by Andrew Rose and some other new trade theories.Mercantilism(1) ConceptMercantilism can be defined in various ways but most popularly it is defined as a sort of economic doctrine seeking to secure a nation’s supremacy over other state s by the accumulation of precious metal (silver and gold) and by exporting the largest possible quantity of products while importing as little as possible.(2) Historical backgroundThis doctrine or theory representing the first stage in the development of modern trade theory, arose during the period 1500-1800 in Europe (mainly in Britain and France) with the decline of feudalism and the rise of capitalism. The quick growth of capitalism called for accumulation of currency and expansion of market.(3) Major view points of mercantilists and criticism of mercantilismAccording to the mercantilists like Thomos Mun (157-1641), the central question was how a country could regulate its domestic and international affairs so as to promote its own interests. The solution lay in a strong foreign trade sector. If a nation could achieve a favorable trade balance (trade surplus or a surplus of exports over imports), it would make a lot of money in the form of gold and silver. Such revenues would contribute to increased spending and a rise in domestic output and employment.To achieve a trade surplus the mercantilists like Thomos Mun advocated governmental regulation of trade. Tariffs, quotas and other commercial policies (even monopolization) were proposed by mercantilists to minimize imports in order to protect a nation’s trade position. In 1630, Thomos Mun —the mercantilist English writer was quoted as saying: “The ordinary means therefore to increase our wealth and treasure is by foreign trade, wherein we must observe the rule: to sell more to strangers yearly than we consume of theirs in value.”By the 18th century, the economic policies of the mercantilists were under strong attack. For example, David Hume expressed his disagreement with mercantilists by saying that a favorable trade balance was possible only in the short run, for over time it would automatically be eliminated. Adam Smith also opposed the theory of mercantilism with the theory of free trade and international division of labor.(4) Is mercantilism dead?The answer is no. It is still living and working in developed countries.Some trade experts say Japan is a neo-mercantilist nation because its government, while publicly supporting free trade, simultaneously seeks to protect certain segments of its economy from more efficient foreign competition. This example shows the theory of mercantilism remain inpractice today. But modern version of mercantilism differs from the original in that today the accumulation of convertible currency instead of gold and silver is often the goal of governments.Absolute AdvantageThe second modern theory explaining why nations trade is Adam Smith’s absolute advantage. This theory of absolute advantage also represents the first stage in the development of modern trade theories.(1) DefinitionWhen country A can produce a unit of a good with less labor than country B we say that country A has an absolute advantage in producing that good.(2) Major views of this theoryAdam Smith (1723-1790), one of the most influential classical economists was a leading advocate of free trade on the grounds that it promoted the international division of labor. According to his theory of absolute advantage, nations could concentrate their production on goods they could make most cheaply, with all the consequent benefits of the division of labor.In further explaining his principle of absolute advantage he used some suppositions. “In a two-country two-product world”, he said, international trade and specialization will be beneficial when one country has an absolute cost advantage (that is, it can produce a good using fewer resources) in the production of one product, whereas the other country has about cost advantage in the other product. For nations to benefit from the international division of labor, each nation must have a kind of goods that it is absolutely more efficient in producing than its trading partner.Smith felt it was far better for a country to import goods that could be produced overseas more efficiently than to manufacture them itself. Countries would import goods in the production of which they had an absolute disadvantage against the exporting country. They would export goods in the production of which they had an absolute advantage over the importing country.More of his theory of absolute advantage can be found in his landmark book The wealth of Nations written in 1776 in which Adam Smith attacked the mercantilist assumption that trade was a zero-sum game. In Smith’s opinion each nation had some sort of absolute advantage in the production of certain goods. If it could specialize in the production of them and then exchange the goods with each other, every country would receive a benefit.(3) Illustration of the theory of absolute advantageSuppose there it’s a two-country, two-product world in which Ghana produces cocoa and South Korea rice. Assume that Ghana and South Korea both have 200 units of resources and that these resources can be used to produce either. Further imagine that in Ghana (due to its favorable climate, goods soil and ready access to world shipping routes) it takes 10 units of resources to produce one ton of cocoa and 20 units of resources to produce one ton of rice. Thus, Ghana could produce 20 tons of cocoa and no rice, 10 tons of rice and no cocoa, or some combination of rice and cocoa in between the two extremes.Similarly imagine that in South Korea it takes 40 units of resources to produce one ton of cocoa and 10 units of resources to produce one ton of rice. Thus, South Korea could produce 5tons of cocoa and no rice, 20 tons of rice and no cocoa, or some combination between the two extremes. Clearly, Ghana has an absolute advantage in the production of cocoa and South Korea has an absolute advantage in the production of rice as shown in the following figure.So it is mutually beneficial for Ghana and South Korea to sell the product in the production of which they have absolute advantage.Comparative Advantage(1) DefinitionComparative advantage can be defined in the following two ways:a. According to the theory of comparative advantage, it makes sense for a country to specialize in the production of those goods it produces most efficiently and to buy the goods that it produces less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself.b. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other good is lower in that country than it is in other countries.(2) Chief points of viewIn explaining why nations trade, David Ricardo (1772-1823) developed the trade principle of comparative advantage. According to this principle, even if a nation has an absolute disadvantage in the production of both goods relative to its trading partner, a basis for mutually beneficial trade may still exist. The less efficient nation should specialize in and export the good in which it is comparatively less inefficient (where its absolute disadvantage is least). The more efficient nation should specialize in and export that good in which it is comparatively more efficient (where its absolute advantage is greatest). Absolute productive efficiency was thus not a crucial factor governing the basis for international trade, according to Ricardo. The Ricardian model or principle of comparative advantage is today the most famous and influential principle of economics.(3) Illustration of the principle of comparative advantageThe operation of comparative advantage principle can be shown by the following figure:Assume that Ghana is more efficient in the production of both cocoa and rice, that Ghana hasan absolute advantage in the production of both goods. And that in Ghana it takes 10 units of resources to produce one ton of cocoa and 3113 units of resources to produce one ton of rice. Thus, given its 200 units of resources, Ghana can produce 20 tons of cocoa and no rice, 15 tons of rice and no cocoa, or any combination between on its PPF.In South Korea ittakes 40 units of resources to produce one ton of cocoa and 20 units of resources to produce one ton of rice. Thus, South Korea can produce 5 tons of cocoa and no rice,10 tons of rice and no cocoa or any combination on its PPF.Again assume that without trade each country uses half of its resources to produce rice and half to produce cocoa. Thus, without trade, Ghana will produce 10 tons of cocoa and 7.5 tons of rice, while South Korea will produce 2.5 tons of cocoa and 5 tons of rice. In light of Ghana’s absolute advantage in the production of both cocoa and rice why should it trade with South Korea? The answer is: Although Ghana has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods, it has comparative advantage only in the production of cocoa. In other words Ghana can produce 4 times as much cocoa as South Korea, but only 1.5 times as much rice. Ghana is comparatively more efficient at producing cocoa than it is at producing rice. In such a case when Ghana specializes in the production of cocoa and sell it in exchange for South Kore a’s rice which it is more efficient at producing, there is still mutually beneficial trade.(4) Comparison between the theory of absolute advantage and the theory of comparative advantageAfter comparison we’ll find Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantag e is more advanced than Smith’s theory of absolute advantage. According to Smith’s view, the product exported by a country must be a good which the exporting country has absolute advantage to produce and the cost of producing it must be absolutely lower than the same good of another country. But David Ricardo took Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage one step further. In his opinion not necessarily every country has to produce all sorts of goods. What a nation should do is to concentrate its efforts and resources on producing those goods high can generate more advantage and bring about less disadvantages. Under such conditions international trade would result in international division of labor and specialization beneficial to all countries. In addition, Ricardo particularly stressed labor productivity and argued that differences in labor productivity between nations underlie the notion of comparative advantage.Despite the differences between the two theories they have something in common. Both Smith and Ricardo emphasized the supply side of the market and the fact that the immediate basis for trade stemmed from cost differences. Actually Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage was developed on the basis of Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.New Words1.doctrine 学说，理论2. feudalism 封建主义3. to regulate （依法）管理4. interests 利益（单数interest表示“利息”）5. to advocate 拥护，提倡6. to observe 遵守7. segment 部门8.version 说法，看法9. convertible 可兑换的10. to underlie 构成（理论、政策等）的基础11. monopolization 垄断Useful Phrases and Idiomatic Expressions1. to provide a basis for 为……提供根据2. to secure supremacy over sb. 获得超过某人的霸权3. to call for 要求，需要4. to contribute to 对……起一分作用5. t o be quoted as saying“……” 被引述时这样说道“……”6. to consume of sth. 消费某物7. under strong attack 受到强有力的打击8. to express disagreement with sb. 表示对某人的不同意9. in the short run 在短期内（＝in the short term）10. relative to 与……相比较11. in light of 按照，根据12. to take sth. One step further 比……高出一筹13. to concentrate sth. on sth. else 将某事集中于某事ExercisesI. Answer the following Questions:1. What is meant by the theory of absolute advantage?2. Can you give a good illustration of comparative advantage?3. Why is comparative-advantage theory more popular advantage?4. What is mercantilism? What are its main view points?5. In what way is the modern version of mercantilism different from the original one?6. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the theory of absolute advantage and thetheory of comparative advantage?II. Translate the following into English”1.李嘉图认为每个国家不一定要生产各种商品，而应集中力量生产那些利益较大或不利较小的商品然后通过国际贸易互相获益。

chapter2-2

2.1.3 Corporation culture 1. The definition of corporation culture 2. Edgar Schein’s three “levels” of Schein’ levels” corporation culture : 1) Artifacts (人工制品 (人工制品) 人工制品) 2) espoused values (信仰与价值) (信仰与价值信仰与价值) 3) basic underlying assumptions(基本 assumptions(基本隐性假设) 隐性假设)
2.3 Cultural adaptation in international trade
What is cultural adaptation?
It is the process of adjusting the native ways of thinking and behaviours to be consistent with the local culture.
culture?
2.1.1 What is culture
1. Guarnaccia and Rodriguez(1996): definition of culture
/view/3537. htm
2. High-context culture HighLowLow-context culture 3. Subcultural dynamics
2．2 Cultural diversity in international trade
2.2.1 Cultural conflicts in India Generalize the characteristics of India cultural

国际贸易实务英文版第二版ppt周瑞琪2TradeTerms

The purposes of incoterms:
To give the businessmen a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms
To clarify the obligations of the buyer and the seller To simplify the contract negotiations To save time and cost Revised in 1953、1967、1976、1980、1990、2000 Incoterms 2000 includes 13 terms under 4 groups
Ex Point of Origin FOB (free on board) FAS (free along side)
C&F (Cost and Freight) CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) Ex Dock (Named Port of Importation)
货交承运人（…指定地点）船边交货（ …指定装运港）船上交货（ …指定装运港）
Main Carriage paid
Cost and Freight (…named port of destination)
成本加运费（ …指定目的港）
Cost, Insurance and Freight (…named port of destination)
13 terms into four categories
"E"-term—the seller only makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises.

国际贸易法英文版双语教学课件Chapter 2

最新国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪2.Trade Terms培训资料

最新国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪2.Trade Terms培训资料

国际贸易双语教程英文版

国际贸易法Chapter 2.1 brief introduction of contract law

国际贸易实务双语教程电子课件02

国际结算英文版第2版教学课件chapter2 Negotiable Instrument

国际贸易法二InternationalTradeLaw-资料.ppt

教学课件国际贸易实务双语教程(第二版)傅龙海

国际贸易英语第二章讲义教学内容

chapter2-2

国际贸易实务英文版第二版ppt周瑞琪2TradeTerms

国际贸易法英文版双语教学课件Chapter 2

最新国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪2.Trade Terms培训资料

最新国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪2.Trade Terms培训资料

国际贸易双语教程英文版

国际贸易法Chapter 2.1 brief introduction of contract law

国际贸易实务双语教程电子课件02

国际结算英文版第2版教学课件chapter2 Negotiable Instrument

国际贸易法二InternationalTradeLaw-资料.ppt

教学课件 国际贸易实务双语教程(第二版)傅龙海

国际贸易英语第二章讲义教学内容

chapter2-2

国际贸易实务英文版第二版ppt周瑞琪2TradeTerms

教学课件国际贸易实务双语教程(第二版)傅龙海