2013年4月山东省学位英语阅读理解精炼20篇

阅读理解精炼20篇Passage1 (1)Passage2 (2)Passage3 (3)Passage4 (4)Passage5 (6)Passage6 (7)Passage7 (8)Passage8 (9)Passage9 (10)Passage10 (11)Passage11 (12)Passage12 (13)Passage13 (15)Passage14 (16)Passage15 (17)Passage16 (18)Passage17 (19)Passage18 (20)Passage19 (21)Passage20 (22)Passage1Man has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as hibernation（冬眠）. "Sleeping like a dormouse（榛睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality.When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less completely. Some,like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused（弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation,the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically. Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration.Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America,as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding（填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur.In it they have a"secret place"containing food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.1How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter?A It moves about to keep warm,B It grows thicker fur.C It sleeps continuously.D It goes to warmer areas.2What keeps animals alive during hibernation?A The fat stored in their bodiesB Their thick fur.C Their warm burrows.D Their deep sleep.3During hibernation,animals breatheA normally.B at a much slower rate.C at a faster rate.D irregularly.4According to the passage,what is"migration"（paragraph4）?A Moving from one place to another with the season.B Living in burrows in winter.C Traveling in the winter months.D Leaving one’s own country for another.5How do ermines survive in winter?A They leave their cozy burrows and migrate to warmer lands.B They sleep soundly inside their burrow in winter.C They dig out burrows and store them with enough food.D They stay in their burrows and live on the food stored there.CABADPassage2There is a definite possibility that the climate of the world may be changing.Some scientists imagine that this could even mean the beginning of another ice age.The effects of such a change in climate on the human population of the world would be startling（惊人的）.Recent research suggests that the general warming tend of the past hundred years or so may be coming to an end.During the past ten years,meteorologists tell us the average temperature of the earth has dropped about one degree Fahrenheit.This does not seem like much,but it could have effects on wind and rain patterns which influence the overall weather picture.If these patterns change a lot,it could mean that certain regions of the world may continue to have long droughts while others will possibly suffer from widespread flooding.What regulates（调节）the climate is not exactly known.Meteorologists believe that clouds may be an important factor in regulating the amount of solar（太阳的）heat held by the earth,which in turn determines he temperature of the planet.Another possibility is that man’s industrial and agricultural methods may be affecting the natural weather patterns.However,the weather is not understood well enough for scientists to say for certain what is happening to the climate and what side effects this will actually have on the word’s population.6.According to the text,the climate of the world seems to______.A.be getting colderB.be getting warmerC.remain the same in the past ten yearsD.have good effects on the world’s population7.According to what you have read,Which of the following is turn?A.Man’s activities have no effect on the climate.B.Another ice age will come soon.C.People don’t care about the changing climate.D.Scientists are not yet sure about the reason for the changing climate.8.A meteorologist is a person who______.A.reads weather forecasts on radio or televisionB.thinks there will be another ice ageC.studies and knows about the weatherD.believes there will be widespread flooding9.Which of the following may be factors that affect the natural weather patterns?A.CloudsB.The amount of heat the earth receivesC.Man’s industrial and agricultural methodsD.All of the above10.A best title for the text would be______.A.Droughts and FloodsB.MeteorologistsC.Changing ClimateD.Solar HeatADCDCPassage3Acupuncture has been practiced in China for more than2,000years,but its using in the Western world is still very new.Several hospitals in the United States are now experimenting with acupuncture as a way of treating pain.An American journalist who stood beside a patient during an operation in Shanghai recently described the process and its effects.To keep the patient from feeling pain during the operation, four needles were used,each about an inch and a half long.Two needles were inserted under the skin on each side of the patient’s neck.The top of the needles were attached to wires which led to a small electrical device.Throughout the operation the patient talked calmly to those standing around him,insisting that he felt perfectly normal.How does acupuncture work?How is it able to keep a patient from feeling pain?No very satisfactory answer has been given,but there are at least three theories.Some doctors believe that acupuncture somehow produces an effect upon the central nervous system.Others believe that acupuncture produces a chemical change in the body’s fluids.Still another theory is that the needles make contact with an unknown system of energy in the body which travels along certain routes under the skin.The true explanation may be one of these or a combination of more than one.Or it may be something entirely different.11.How long has acupuncture been practiced in China?A)For200years.B)For about200years.C)For over2,000years.D)For nearly2,000years.12.What are doctors in the United States doing with acupuncture?A)They are trying to use it as a new way to treat diseases.B)They are trying to use it as an anesthesia in operation.C)They are trying to use it to relieve pain.D)They are trying to use it as a means to understand the human nervous system.13.Why did the American journalist go to a Shanghai hospital?A)To observe how acupuncture is used in an operation.B)To talk to a patient who has an operation with acupuncture as anesthesia.C)To learn how acupuncture can relieve pain.D)To see what the acupuncture needles are like.14.How much do Westerners understand the work of acupuncture?A)They still find it entirely a mystery.B)They are able to explain how and why it works in theory.C)They are rather skeptical about it.D)They haven’t found satisfactory answers as to how it works.15.What can you infer from the passage?A)Acupuncture is now practiced all over the world.B)What makes acupuncture work can never be explained.C)Western doctors are interested in traditional Chinese medical practice.D)Acupuncture is used as widely as it was in ancient times.CCADCPassage4Water is necessary for life and good health.We often forget this fact when we think about the other building blocks of life such as vitamins,minerals and proteins.We can live for many days without eating,but two or three days without water usually leads to death.The human body may look solid,but most of it is water.Newborn babies are as much as85% water.Women are about65%water and men are about75%water.Women usually have less water than men because women generally have more fat cells（细胞）,which hold less water than other kinds of cells.Water is necessary for cooling the body under hot weather and when we are working hard or exercising,water carries body heat to the surface of the skin,where the heat is lost through perspiration(出汗).Researchers note that fat cells block body heat from escaping quickly.Fat cells under the skin act like warm clothing to keep body heat inside.This is why overweight people have a more easy time staying cool than thin people.Researchers also note that cool liquids cool us faster than warm liquids,because cold liquids take up more heat inside the body and carry it away faster.They say,however,that cold sweet drinks do not work well because the sugar slows the liquid from getting into the blood stream.The body loses water every day through sweat and urine（尿）.If we lose too much,we will become sick.To replace what is lost,health experts say grown persons should drink about2liters of liquids each day,and more in hot weather.They say we can also get some of the water we need in the foods we eat.Most fruits and vegetables are more than80%water.And even bread is about 33%water.16．From the passage we learn that among the following four groups of people ______.A．fat women are over eighty percent waterB．thin men are never eighty percent waterC．newborn infants are over eighty percent waterD．elderly adults are over eighty percent water17．Why do thin people usually feel better in hot days than fat people?.A．Thin people perspire lessB．Fat people do not sweat as much as thin people doC．Thin people have less heat inside their bodiesD．Fat people have more fat cells which keep the heat inside18．The author suggests that on hot summer days one should drink______.A．water milk B．iced tea C．cold Coca-Cola D．hot coffee 19．What should we do to keep enough water in the body?A．To take two litters of water daily all through the yearB．To eat everything that contains waterC．To take in as much as we have lostD．To drink only when we feel very thirsty20.What can we conclude from this passage?A.Water is almost as important as foodB.Many people tend to neglect the importance of waterC.Water is the origin of lifeD.Most fruits and vegetables contain much waterCDBCBPassage5Believe it or not，optical illusion(错觉)can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point.It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly75percent using a simple optical illusion.Bent stripes，called chevrons(人字形)painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C.is planning to repeat Japan's success.Starting next year,the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents,according to the foundation.To help reduce those accidents，the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed--related hazards are the greatest--curves，exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half.However，traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons，scientists say，not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.21.The passage mainly discusses______.A)a new way of highway speed control B)a new pattern for painting highwaysC)a new approach to training drivers D)a new type of optical illusion22.On roads painted with chevrons drivers tend to feel that______.A)they should avoid speed-related hazardsB)they are driving in the wrong laneC)they should slow down their speedD)they are approaching the speed limit23.The advantage of chevrons over straight，horizontal bars is that the former______.A)can keep drivers awakeB)can cut road accidents in halfC)will have a longer effect on driversD)will look more attractive24.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to______.A)try out the Japanese method in certain areasB)change the road signs across the countryC)replace straight，horizontal bars with chevronsD)repeat the Japanese road patterns25.What does the author say about straight，horizontal bars painted across roads?A)They are falling out of use in the United States.B)They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C)They are applicable only on broad roads.D)They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.ACCABPassage6How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing?The usual answer these days is“never”,or “hardly ever”.As the pace of life continues to increase,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life,being on the go from morning till night,it is hard to slow down and unwind.But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life.There is no way to avoid it,since it takes many and varied forms——driving in traffic,problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress.Stress,in fact,is not as“bad”as it is often reputed to be.A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to level performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.Some people thrive on stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities.Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically.In fact, we invoke the“tight”mechanism,which in more primitive days made the difference between life and death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however minimal thestress,it involves the same response.All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress,with the result that other functions,such as digestion,are neglected.It is when such a reaction is prolonged,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure,coronary heart disease（冠心病）all have established links with stress.The way stress affects a person also varies with the individual.Stress in some people produces stomach disorders,while others succumb to tension headaches.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives,we need to find ways to cope with it.26.What is the main idea of the talk?A)Both relaxation and stress are necessary for people to live a healthy and fulfilling life.B)People often suffer unpleasant effects of stress without knowing why.C)People need stress to stimulate them in work.D)Continued stress may be harmful to people’s health.27.The reason that many people find it very difficult to relax these days is that___.A.they are suffering from the effects of excessive stress.B.they are working harder than they used to.C.they are often too busy to find the time.D.they have no idea what relaxation means to them.28.The pronoun“it”at the end of the passage refers back to__.A.crisisB.stressC.reactionD.ill health.29.Which of the following would the author most probably disagree?A)It is very hard for a person rushing through life to slow down and relax.B)Stress as well as relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.C)Only the strong-willed people can cope with stress successfully.D)Stress that is considered unmanageable for some may be a stimulant for other people.30.The word“primitive”in paragraph4is closest in meaning to which of the following?A)simple B)very ancient C)perfect D)importantACBCBPassage7Transportation and communication networks bring people together.Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers(障碍)to transportation and communication.In some countries,laws stop people from moving freely from place to place.Over the centuries,many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race,religion,or nationality.In the Middle Ages,for example,Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities.South Africa's government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country.Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move.Countries set up customs posts at their borders.Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the ually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas(签证).Some countries even limit the number of visitors to theircountry each year.Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country,or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay.Many of those barriers to travel also act as barriers to communication.When two governments disagree with each other on important matters,they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely.Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret. Today,people have the ability to travel,to communicate,and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever before.Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily.The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome.But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers,people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.31.Which of the following is NOT the reason that some people were deprived of the right to travel freely within a country?A)They came from different ethnic groupsB)They were non-believersC)They were womenD)They were not the citizens of the country32.We can summarize from paragraph2that_______A.people have been allowed to travel freely within the countryB.travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visasC.people have not been permitted to travel freely in foreign countriesD.customs posts are necessary at the borders of the countries33.Some governments limit the freedom of communication because___A.they don’t want their citizens to know much about other foreign countriesB.they think such freedom will lead to warsC.they often disagree with each other on important mattersD.they want to show their authority over communication34.We may learn from the passage that_______A.people do not care about the removal of barriers between countriesB.people can not remove the obstacles made by themselvesC.man-made barriers are sometimes harder to overcome than natural onesD.barriers should be taken for granted as they always exist35.Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?A.Barriers Made by PeopleB.Functions of CommunicationC.Restrictions on TransportationD.Progress of Human SocietyCBCCAPassage8Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways.The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society.There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with differentbeliefs.In addition,there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies.All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways,there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same.And although conditions may not be satisfactory,they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society,social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material,for example,in technology rather than in values;in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early;in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites;in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones;in form rather than in substance;and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.36.The passage is mainly discussing________.A.the necessity of social changeB.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occurC.different types of social change in two different societies and in different aspects.D.certain factors that promote social change37._____is NOT one of the factors that tend to promote social change.A.Greater worldly interestB.Different points of viewC.Greater toleranceD.Advanced technology38.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.C.Social change is less likely to occur in the material aspect of society.D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.39.The expression"greater tolerance"(Para.1)refers to_______.A.greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideasB.quicker adaptation to changing circumstancesC.more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD.greater willingness to accept social change40.Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because_______.A.people there have identical needs and they are satisfied with everything.B.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to changeC.people there are easy to pleaseD.people there are less disappointedCDDABPassage9Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor.If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor.What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration;every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses;in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising,and they make salary recommendations.Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israel’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital.She also isa member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.41.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?A)The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B)Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C)The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D)The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.42.It can be inferred from the passage that_______.A)compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient.B)in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view.C)in most hospitals nurses get low salariesD)compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital43.A primary nurse can propose different approach of treatment when____.A)the present one is refused by the patientB)the patient complains about the present oneC)the present one proves to be ineffectiveD)the patient is found unwilling to cooperate44.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former________A)is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB)has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nursesC)can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD)has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses45.The author’s attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital is________A)negative B)neutral C)critical D)positiveABCDCPassage10Most shoplifters（商店扒手）agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief.With the shops so crowed and the staff so busy,it does not require any extraordinary talent to help yourself to one or two little things and escape unnoticed.It is known, in the business,as“hoisting”.But the hoisting game is not what it used to be.Even at the height of the sales,shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them,they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.Selfridges was the first big to install closed-circuit video-tape equipment to watch its sales floors.In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using as evidence a video-tape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses.It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.When the balls,called sputniks,first make an appearance in shops it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters.Their somewhat ridiculous appearance,the curious holes and red lights going on and off,certainly make the theory believable.It did not take long,however,for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect.Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges,store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag.“As she turned to go,”Chadwick recalled,“She suddenly looked up at the‘sputnik'and stopped.She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden,but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.”“For a moment she paused,but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back.When she had finished,she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store.”46.January is a good month for shoplifters because________A)they don't need to wait for staff to serve themB)they don't need any previous experience as thievesC)there are so many people in the storeD)there are more goods in the shops47.The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended________A)as an amusing kind of decorationB)to make films that can be used in evidenceC)to frighten shoplifters by their appearanceD)to be used as evidence against shoplifters48.The case last October was important because________A)the store got the dresses backB)it repaid the investment on the equipment。