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考研英语一翻译技巧讲解ppt课件

处理：跳读，再把插入语放到句首翻译。
副词插入语：frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however…
短语插入语：generally speaking（总的来说）, to tell the truth（老实说）, in a sense（在某种意义上讲）, in a word（总而言之）, strange to say（说来奇怪）, to some extent（从一定程度上讲）…
具体要根据各成分的修饰关系而定。
The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.（2015年真题）
人生中几乎不可能不经历某种失败。那些经历过失败的人可能活得很谨慎，以致于一事无成。
准确、完整、通顺
完整——不漏译
The growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. 与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽视儿童事件
准确、完整、通顺
通顺——说人话，符合汉语表达习惯
研究健康和身体如何吸收并利用食物成分之间的关系的学科被称为临床营养学，它的历史可以被分为四个不同的阶段。
方法总结：将同位语提前翻译，作为定语修饰被修饰的名词，可视具体情况增译
另译：临床医药学研究……
插入语
插入语的作用：为了增加句子表达的多样性，在英语中任何成分（词/短语/句子）都可以用两个逗号或者破折号隔开成为插入成分。
后置定语
（3）现在分词短语 A leaf floating in the wind 飘在风中的一片叶子（4）过去分词短语 The meeting held last month 上个月举办的会议（5）动词不定式短语 A way to solve the problem 解决问题的一个方式

研究生英语综合教程UNIT6课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)

UNIT6What does it feel like to help dying patients through their final days? Experience it through the eyes of hospice nurse Jill Campbell, who does her job with grace, compassion, and gratitude.1.Outside, it's noisy on this busy block of row houses in Baltimore. But inside one tidy living room, all is quiet except for the sound of a woman's raspy breathing. The patient is huddled in an easy chair under a handmade pink-and-blue afghan, a knit cap on her head and booties on her feet. She has trouble staying warm these days. Her cancer has returned with a vengeance and she has only a few weeks to life. Hospice nurse Jill Campbell kneels down beside her patient, listens to her breathing, and then checks her blood pressure. Campbell has already hauled in oxygen tanks, showed family members how to work them, organized the medicine, and assessed how her patient has been eating and sleeping.2.But now is a moment to connect one-on-one. Campbell wraps her hands aro und the woman’s hands and rubs them together to warm them. She looks into her face. “are you feeling a little better?” she asks softly.3.Getting to know her patients and helping them through the toughest time of their lives is what Campbell, 43, appreciates most about being a hospice nurse. “I don’t know of another position where you can do more for people,” she says.4.Her patients have all been told that they have six months or less to live. Rather than continue with often-difficult or painful treatments that probably won’t extend their lives, they have decided to stop trying for a cure. Instead, with the help of hospice care, they’ll focus on comfort and on living whatever they have left of their lives to the fullest ---usually in their own home.5.Being able to die at home is a major part of the appeal of hospice, but patients and family members may not see it that way at first. “A lot of people still view hospice as giving up and letting the disease in,” says Campbell. That’s why the decision to c all in hospice care can be an incredibly difficult one for a family to make. Once they do, though, most patients and their families soon understand the value of having a team of dedicated professionals---including social workers, health aides, chaplains, and nurses---work together to provide not only physical but also emotional and spiritual support. 帮助即将离世的患者度过最后的时光会是怎样的感受呢？让我们借助吉尔·坎贝尔的所见经历这一切吧。

考研英语一翻译ppt课件

分句处理二 and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
在本句中，of exploitation和“of the superiority … and the inferiority …”是并列关系，都作后置定语来修饰 rationalization
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。
and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
虽然我们可能仅仅通过意识即可保持这种控制的错觉”。
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。
分句处理二
question “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?” 紧跟在question后的问句事实上是question的同位语从句。
分句处理一 ① while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone While：引导让步状语从句，可以译为“尽管……”。 sustain：表示“维持，保持” the illusion of control ：表示“控制的错觉” through ： “通过，凭借”状语部分前置，以符合汉语表达习惯。

研究生英语综合教程UNIT7课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)

UNIT71. Several leading modern business leaders seem, surprisingly, to downplay the importance of strategy. You can make too much fuss about strategy, they imply--- you have a few clear options; just choose one and get on with it. is it really that simple?2. “Strategy is straightforward---just pick a general direction and implement like hell.”Jack Welch, for example---the chairman and CEO of the USA’s General Electric Company; the man who grow the company from a market capitalization of $27 billion to a $140 billion, making GE the largest and most valuable company in the world. he must know a thing or two about strategy. But here’s what he says: “In real life, strategy is actually very straightforward. You pick a general direction and you implement like hell.”Or Allan leighton, the man who was recruited by Archie Norman to help res cue the UK’s ailing Asda supermarket chain, and went on to build the company into one of Britain’s most successful retailers. “Strategy is important,” says Leighton, “but it is a compass, not a road map. It tells you in which direction you are heading, but the important bit is how you get there.”Or Louis Gerstner, the man who rescued IBM in the 1990’s when the struggling mainframe supplier was about to be driven into extinction by the new, smaller and more agile personal computer manufacturers. “It is extremely difficult to develop a unique strategy for a company; and if the strategy is truly different, it is probably highly risky. Execution really is the critical part of a successful strategy. Getting it done, getting it done right, getting it done better than the next person is far more important than dreaming up new visions of the future.”3. So strategy is simple. And having an ingenious new strategy is less important than carrying it out successfully. In fact it might be dangerous. It that right?Let’s look at one last quote from Mr. Welch. “When I became CEO in 1981, we launched a highly publicized initiative: be number one or number two in every market, and fix, sell or close to get there. This was not our strategy, although I’ve often heard it descri bed that way.It was a galvanising mantra to describe how we were going to do business going forward. Our strategy was much more directional. GE was going to move away from businesses that were being commoditized toward businesses that manufactured high-value technology products or sold services instead of things.”Grand strategy versus strategy4. I would argue that these CEO’s blue chip corporations are taking a slightly Olympian view of the concept of “strategy.” Let’s call what hey are talking about “grand strategy” a strategy, but in the overarching sense, like the American car industry saying that they are going to move out gas-guzzlers and into smaller, more fuel-efficient models. 1.一些领先的现代企业领导人似乎，奇怪的是，淡化战略的重要性。

翻译第一讲考研

大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日服装的孩子正在街上玩球。
4、This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.
2006 说明文知识分子定义（定语从句、否定结构）
2007 说明文法律学习推广（名词从句、被动语态）
2008 议论文对达尔文介绍（定语从句、并列结构）
2009 议论文正规教育启示（状语从句、倒装结构）
2010 议论文物种保护价值（名词从句、定语从句）
阅卷采分点=句子结构切分点
1、微观：一个句子2——4个采分点。 ①、2个采分点每个1分。 ②、3个采分点其中1个1分，另外2个0.5。 ③、4个采分点每个0.5。 2、宏观：整句话意思是否通顺，是否扭曲
原文。 3、是否符合汉语习惯。
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
Time was \ when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence \ that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physical weak, or \ that they prey only on “worthless” species.(2010.48)

考研英语翻译讲座第讲优选PPT文档

The difference between the two machines consists in power. 如果it在句中表示时间、距离、天气或作形式主语或宾语，在译成汉语时应省略。
How strongly an airplane is built depends on its type and purpose. 事实上，我们10点钟就到了那里。
It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace came into use. 第四讲词语省略言简意赅如果it在句中表示时间、距离、天气或作形式主语或宾语，在译成汉语时应省略。一般来说，汉语较英语简练，因此，许多在原文中必不可少的词语要是原原本本地译成汉语，就会成为不必要的冗词，译文会显得十分累赘。
Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 2. 冠词的省略 • 汉语中没有冠词，英语中的定冠词a, an如果不具有量词
one的含义，便可以省略，不定冠词the如果不具备指示代词this, that, these, those的含义，也应当省略。 • Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas. • 任何物资，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子组成。 • The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow. • 力的方向可以用箭头表示。
In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the poor. 汉语中没有冠词，英语中的定冠词a, an如果不具有量词one的含义，便可以省略，不定冠词the如果不具备指示代词this, that, these, those的含义，也应当省略。 The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow.

2023年考研英语翻译真题

考研英语：翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试题Almost all our major problems involve human behavior，and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior，but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.61）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature，and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.62）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important，but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull，it selects，and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.63）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago，and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood，however，effects once assigned to states of mind，feelings，and traits are beginning to be traced toaccessible conditions，and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems，however，until it replaces traditional prescientific views，and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.64）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?65）Until these issues are resolved，a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.二、翻译题解（61）One difficultyisthatalmost all ofwhatiscalled behavioral sciencecontinuesto trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.句子拆分：拆分点参照：附属连词，谓语动词One difficulty is //that almost all of what is called behavioral science // continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.解析：（1）主干构造是One difficulty is that...（2）almost all of what is called behavioral science是表语从句中旳主语部分，背面是简朴旳谓语和宾语构造。

研究生英语翻译考试重点

英译汉：pyramid marketing11.The Microsoft’s rise to prominence set off an explosion in demand for all things digital and sparked the Internet boom, because every investor looked at the Internet and concluded that if everything was going to be digitized –data, inventories, commerce, books and entertainment –and transported and sold on the Internet, the demand for Internet-based products and services would be infinite. This led to the dot-com stock bubble and a massive overinvestment in the fiber-optic cable needed to carry all the new digital information. As a result, some companies tumbled and some were struggling to stay in business. Keep in mind that cyberspace promises both opportunities and high risks.Go broke become bankrupt12.The purchase process is initiated when a consumer becomes aware of a need. This awareness maystem from an internal source such as starvation or an external source such as TVcommercials or promotions. Awareness of such a need motivates the consumer to search for information about options with which to fulfill the need. This information is available from varied sources. Once alternatives have been identified through these sources, consumers evaluate the options, paying particular attention to those attributes the consumer considers vital. To attract more regular customers, many companies continue to communicate with their customers after a purchase in an effort to influence post-purchase satisfaction and behavior.13. A tiny second moon may once have orbited Earth before catastrophically slamming into the other one, a titanic clash that could explain why the two sides of the surviving lunar satellite are so different. This second moon, about 750 miles wide, could have formed from the same collisionbetween the planet and a Mars-sized object that scientists suspect helped create the moon we see today. The gravitational tug of war between the Earth and moon slowed the rate at which it whirls, such that it now always shows just one side to Earth. The far side of the moon, which remained a mystery the Soviet spacecraft first snapped photos of it, is sometimes erroneously called the dark side, even though it has days and nights just like the near side.14.Desertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing natural vegetation and the subsequent accelerated soil erosion. In some cases, the loose soil is blown completely away, leaving a stony surface. In other cases, the finer particles may be removed, while the sand-sized partic les are accumulated to form mobile hills or ridges of sand. Desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than from natural processes. The semi-dry lands bordering desert exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures. Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and water. The pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity.15. These struggling college graduates sleep in boxy rooms crammed into dark low-rises and spend hours commuting to work on crowded buses as part of a trend of poorer white-collar workers being forced to the fringes of China's wealthiest cities. They swarm out of their cramped accommodations and head to work in the urban sprawl each morning like worker insects in a colony. Not surprisingly, they are often referred to as China's ant tribe. As high property prices and dim career prospects frustrate the ambitions of many graduates for a comfortable middle-class lifestyle, the rising number of graduates living on the brink of poverty could become a socio-economic challenge for the government, whose biggest fear is that economic stagnation could fuel discontent among educated urban classes.12.作为一种流行的娱乐形式，小说的功能与教材不同。

考研英语阅读理解C节(英译汉)分类精讲文化教育类分类模拟(一)

考研英语阅读理解C节(英译汉)分类精讲文化教育类分类模拟(一) Reading ComprehensionAmericans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. 1 Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find. "Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Ravitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. 2 Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. "Continuing along this path," says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.""Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots ofanti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.3 Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children,4 "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified Americananti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. 5 Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes,criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise."1.答案：即使学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是让他们为了知识而去追求知识的地方。

考研英语翻译题重难点精析

考研英语翻译题重难点精析考研英语翻译题重难点精析由于翻译局部的句型构造和阅读理解的较难句型根本类似，考试重点如出一辙，为了让大家更好的理解阅读理解真题文章，进步做题正确率，如今把考研翻译方法进展归纳总结，以便大家复习参考。

考研英语翻译难点精析(一) 被动语态翻译法1) 变为汉语的主动形式。

Eg：2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语构造。

Eg：For all the help this puter may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是根本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。

Eg：3) 增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。

Eg：And it is imagined by many that the operations of the mon mind can be by no means pared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比拟，他们并认为这些思维过程必须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。

Eg：During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

考研英语翻译难点精析(二)分译法英语长句子比拟多，汉语句子相对而言比拟短。

考研英语：翻译真题精讲(1)

考研英语：翻译真题精讲（1）一、全真试题The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in Congress.（71）The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades，research productivity，sales records，or whatever is appropriate.（72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.（73）Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.（74）In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used，they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.（75）For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.二、翻译题解（71）The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词The target is wrong, //for in attacking the tests, //critics divert attention from the fault //that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.解析：（1）句子的主干为The target is wrong;后面跟了个for引导的状语从句。

研究生英语综合教程UNIT1课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版

UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。

研究生英语精读教程_课文翻译

一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活[1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。

[2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。

与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。

休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。

”[3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。

”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。

[4]以你的工作为例。

宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。

他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。

在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。

[5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。

这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。

[6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。

出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。

他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。

”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。

他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。

当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。

[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。

考研英语翻译部分题型讲义

第一部分考研翻译评分标准、英语试卷评分执行细则一、英译汉评分标准说明1．如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5 分。

2．如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，不给分。

3．汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。

在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5 分。

示例：2001年英译汉评分标准各句的分数段划分及实例如下：71．There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, /(1)1分and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them /when they offend(2)1分（3）1分答案：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超例1．将有由机器人主持的电视闲谈节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。

当汽车违反污染控制时；污染控制器将使汽车无法运转。

（3分）例2．将会有机器人主持的电视聊天节目产生，并且有带有污染监控器的汽车。

在汽车违反规章时就会不能前进。

（2分）例3．将会出现被机器人控制的电视聊天节目，以及带有污染监控器的汽车在破坏环境时，使司机不能工作。

（1分）72．Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,(1)1分computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,(2)1分relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.(3)1分答案：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，整句示例：例1．孩子们将会与装有个生化集成电路片的玩偶玩耍，内装个性的电脑将被认为是工作同伴而不是工具，消遣将会在释放气味的电视机前进行，那就是说数字化时代就已到来。

考研英语翻译法详解

语态转换详解由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态，在英译汉时，人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。

事实上并非如此。

在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。

如果一味按照英语的语态来翻译，往往会使译文显得十分别扭，带有明显的翻译腔，甚至出现文理不通的情况。

一、主动句转换成被动句There are more than60,000 prosecutions a year for shoplifting.参考译文:每年有六万多人因在超市偷窃而被起诉。

二、被动句转换成主动句1.转换成含被动义的主动句汉语译文的句型从形式上看是主动语态，但其中被动的含义不言而喻。

在翻译英语被动句时，一般不用改变原句的结构，直接译出即可。

If understanding prevails, UNCTAD is in a position to replace confrontation with agreement; it cannot be put off.参考译文:若能普遍形成谅解，联合国贸发会议就能用协议取代对抗；这项工作不能再拖延下去了。

2.转换成带表语的主动句英语中许多表示某种结果或状态的被动结构一般应转换成汉语的系表结构，把原句中的有关状语或施事方移到汉语的表语之中。

A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.参考译文:有一种方言是在座的每一位语言学家都懂得的。

3.转换成无主句无主句是汉语特有的句子形式，其作用和效果相当于英语中无施事方的被动句，因而可以用来翻译某些英语被动形式。

It must be admitted that only when we get a taste of its abuse will we feel the full meaning of cloning.参考译文:必须承认，只有当我们尝到克隆被滥用的恶果之后，我们才会彻底明白其价值所在。

2006年—2010年考研英译汉全文翻译

2010年硕士研究生入学考试英语翻译部分参考译文完全以经济动机为依据的保护系统的根本弱点是生物群落的大多数成员都没有经济价值。

然而，这些动物都是生物群落的成员，如果它的稳定取决于其完整性的话，他们有权继续生存下去。

当其中一个非经济范畴受到威胁，如果我们碰巧喜欢它，我们就会编造借口赋予它经济意义。

在世纪初鸣禽原本应消失，46）科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。

必须有经济利益的证据才有合法性。

今天，读到这些转弯抹角的解释让人痛心。

我们仍然没有土地伦理，47）但是我们至少已经几乎承认鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。

类似的情况在哺乳类动物和食鱼鸟中也存在。

48）曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或它们只是去捕食“没有价值的物种”。

有些品种的树木已经被有经济头脑的林务员清除出去了，因为它们发育过慢或价值太低，不能做木材树种。

49）在欧洲，其林业在生态上更加发达，公益林木被认为是原始森林群落的一部分，同样应该得到合理保护。

总之，仅仅以经济利益为基础的保护系统是完全片面的。

50）它容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。

2009年硕士研究生入学考试英语翻译部分参考译文每个人在与别人共同生活中所受到的教育和有意识地对年轻人进行的教育，这两者有明显的区别。

就前者而言，教育是偶然的；这种教育是自然的、重要的，但它并不是人类联合的确切的原因。

46)可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是其初始动机的一部分。

例如宗教的联合始于希望取得统治力量的恩赐和避开罪恶的影响；家庭生活始于希望满足各种欲望和使家庭永存；系统性的劳动，主要是为了奴役别人，等等。

47)这种制度附带产生的影响只能逐渐地得到认识；而在实行这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有指导作用的过程则更加缓慢。