A Comparative Study of Buddha Images Between the Dali Kingdom of China and the Ayutthaya M
学术英语(社科)-Unit1含答案ppt
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
What is the author trying to prove?
What is the author assuming I will agree with?
Do you agree with the author?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Critical reading and thinking
Activities
Example 2: water vs. diamond
Why is water so cheap, while diamonds are so
expensive?
water
Necessary for survival
diamond
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 3: a seat belt law
American laws require seat belts as standard equipment on new cars.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
marginal cost: 边际成本 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
2022年考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：79
2022年考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The heavy fog had created an optical（）that made the opposite shore of the lake seem closer than it was.问题1选项A.imaginationB.conclusionC.illusionD.impression【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
illusion“幻觉”；imagination“想象”；impression“印象”；conclusion“结论”。
本句意为“浓雾造成了一种错觉，使湖的对岸看起来比实际更近”，幻觉使得远处的景物看起来更近。
选项C正确。
2.单选题Studies have shown that workers’ desire to be accepted by co-workers could （）them more strongly than the desire to earn more money.问题1选项A.hamperB.motivateC.interveneD.streamline【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。
A选项hamper“妨碍，束缚”；B选项motivate“刺激，激励”；C选项intervene“干涉”；D选项streamline “使成流线型”；句意是‘研究表明，对工人们来说，想要被同事认可的欲望比挣钱的欲望更…。
’根据strongly和常识可以确定是‘更激励的’，所以B选项。
3.单选题It is hard to imagine how Manhattan, bought from a Native American tribe for so little,（）vibrant financial community in America.问题1选项A.could become the mostB.becomes the mostC.to becomeD.one of the most assuming【答案】A【解析】固定搭配题。
高三英语学术论文阅读单选题60题
高三英语学术论文阅读单选题60题1. In a historical research on ancient civilizations, it was found that the Mayan civilization had a highly developed calendar system. Which of the following best describes the significance of this calendar system?A. It was only used for religious ceremoniesB. It was mainly for predicting natural disastersC. It played an important role in various aspects of Mayan life including agriculture, religion and social organizationD. It was a simple tool for counting days答案：C。
解析：原文提到玛雅文明的日历系统高度发达，在其文明中的作用是多方面的，包括农业、宗教和社会组织等方面，C选项准确概括了这一意义。
A选项说只用于宗教仪式过于片面；B选项主要用于预测自然灾害不符合事实；D选项说只是简单的计日工具与高度发达不符。
2. When studying the cultural heritage of a certain tribe, researchers noted that their traditional dances were passed down from generation to generation. What might be the main purpose of this inheritance?A. To show off their physical abilitiesB. To amuse the tribal leadersC. To preserve their unique cultural identity and valuesD. To compete with other tribes答案：C。
商务英语写作课后习题答案
Keys ( 参考答案)Unit One An Overview of Business Letter Writing(Omitted)Unit Two Application LettersI. T ranslation1.I am responsible for receiving telephone calls and visitors, scheduling all of the appointments,and organizing the paperwork and correspondence.2.My work experience, together with my educational preparation would qualify me for theposition.3.Should you wish to have more information, I would be happy to come and see you at amutually convenient time.4.I think you will agree that I am, at least, a strong candidate for the position you are offering.5.I feel that I am competent to meet the requirements which you have specified.II. Decide whether the following sentences are suitable or not in an application letter and try to explain which part is wrong.1. 提出不合理要求2. 不宜提以前被解雇的原因3. 拼写错误4. 年代写错5. 不宜在这样的正式文书中使用俚语及口语化词汇III. Write application letters according to requirements.1. Gentlemen,I am writing to request admission into the Department of English Language and Literature at your University for the fall semester of 2010. It is my long-cherished desire to pursue comparative study of Chinese and Western Literature at a university in the United States.I graduated from the Dept. of Foreign Language and Literature at Nanjing Normal University. I am currently a teacher of English for English major students at SoutheastUniversity.I shall appreciate it if you would forward the necessary application forms for admission with information about financial aid to the Department of English Language and Literature at your University for a Master’s degree of Arts.I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,***2. Gentlemen,I learned from this morning’s paper that there is a vacancy for a stenographer in your company. I wish to be considered as an applicant for the position and beg to state my qualifications as follow:I am 22 years of age, a high school graduate and a graduate of Jinlin Night School where I studied stenography as well as typing.Enclosed you will find testimonials from principal Zhu Changrong of Nanjing No. 3 High School, and from President Li Dangfeng of Jinglin Night School.Please check my references. They will tell you I am conscientious and that I have an agreeable personality and good appearance and that I get along exceedingly well with people.I shall be glad to call at your office if you desire a personal interview. If I am successful in my application, I shall discharge my duties to the best of my ability.Respectful yours,***3. Dear Sirs,I am graduating from the Jiangsu Institute of Foreign Trade this summer. As a student of English for Business, I hope to work for a foreign company after graduation.In the past three academic years, I have proved myself to be a straight A student, awarded a succession of scholarships. My English is particularly good and German happens to be my second foreign language, which will live up to the requirements set by a wholly-owned foreigncompany like yours.I apply for the position of assistant to your marketing project manager. Y ou will find me a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn. I believe I can be of value to your company.I should be very happy if you would arrange an interview with me.Y ours sincerely,(signature)Y u Lihong4. Director of Consulting CenterJiangsu Foreign Service Co., Ltd.406 Maoming Mansion, 580 maoming RoadLuwan District, shanghai 200021Dear Mr. Director:I am currently working on Master Degree in International Commercial law at Nanjin University. My supervisor Mr. Liu Mingyu, a well-known professor of law, tells me that SFSC specializes in recommending qualified personnel to muti-national companies and suggeststhat I contact you for recommendation.During the two years of studies at Fu Dan University, I have not only acquired a lot of knowledge of international commercial law, but learned two foreign languages as well --- English and Japanese. Moreover, I have published two papers in the university journal on problems that may arise after China's entry to WTO. And they have been favorably accepted.I am enclosing a resume, copies of my published papers, and Professor Liu's letter of recommendation.I sincerely hope you will introduce me to a famous multi-national company, to which I will dedicate myself.Truly yours,(signature)Fu JialinUnit Three ResumeI.The style of a resume must be direct and simple. T o omit pronouns and otherstechniques are very effective. Rewrite the following sentences in Resume.1.Developed new territory.2.Developed computer programs to monitor accounting systems including carefully writtendocumentation manuals that enabled users to operate these sophisticated systems effectively. 3.Managed operations of store with sales volume of $1,000,000 and supervised eightemployees.4.Earned average of $35,000--$55,000 a year in commissioned earnings. Received serviceaward for exceeding sales quota of three years employed.5.Developed effective interpersonal skills through involvement in student organizations such asthe Student Council…II.Fill in the blanks with your information and improve your own resume. (Omitted)III.Write a resume according the following information.1. Wang MinClass 97081Computer Science and Engineering CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjin, Jiangsu, 210002(025) 3847-9238EDUCA TIONSoutheast University Nanjin, JiangsuBachelor of Science in Computer 1997-2001·GPA: 90/100·V ice President of the Southeast University Student Council responsible for academic research·Active member of the University Society of Electronics·Director of the University Association of Computer Science·Winner of the University Scholarship in every academic year·Winner of the Panda Prize for Excellent Students in 1998·MCSE Certificate in 1999·Author or tow research papers on the programming in the Southeast University JournalExperienceZHONGJI DEVELOPMENT COMPANY Nanjin, JiangsuIntern Engineer 1/2001 – Present·Install hardware and software for customers·Wrote programs in the Traffic Computerization Project of Nanjin·Received the Internship A ward from the Southeast UniversityJINDIAN COMPANY Nanjin, JiangsuPart-time Salesperson and Engineer Summer, 1998·Sold computers·Repaired computersENGLISH PROFICIENCY·Scored 630 on TOEFL in January 1999·Good at English listening, speaking, reading, and writing·Excellent technical communication skills in EnglishREFERENCESProf. Y ang Huan, Computer Science and Engineering College, Southeast University, Nanjin, Jiangsu 210042 (025) 8736-2673President Kong Lin, Zhongji Development Company, 12 South Section, Ring Road One, Nanjin, Jiangsu, 210005 (025) 3364-2564Mr. Han Fei, CEO, Jindian Company, 73 People’s Road, Nanjin, Jiangsu 210013 (025) 5574-7364Wang MinUnit Four CertificateI. Decide whether the following sentences are suitable or not in a recommendation letter. If not, try to rewrite it.1.He put all his efforts and time into reading books.2.He often comes to me to discuss any questions he meets in his study.3.I think it is my real pleasure to recommend Mr. Smith to you, who, in my opinion, a very ableyoung man with a strong sense of responsibility and great enthusiasm for helping others.4.I know Mr. Li personally from lectures and exercises in Mathematics.5.He takes actively part in Student Union activity.II. T ranslate the following certificate letters from Chinese into English according to the given information.1. CERTIFICA TETo Whom It May Concern:This is to certify that the bearer, Mr. Wang Yingjing is an acquaintance of mine, a man whom I know to be thoroughly trustworthy.General Manager of C. T. U. Co.2. CERTIFICA TEThis is to certify that Mr. Cai Minghuihas passed the Business English Test (Intermediate Level).Shanghai Business English Test CenterIssuing Date: September, 20023. CERTIFICA TEThis is to certify that Miss Song Weijia has been awarded the title ofModel Studentin the Social Work of College Students sponsored by the Jiangsu Institute of Foreign Trade. December 2004 JIFT Y outh League Committee4. TRAINING CERTIFICA TEOF INTERMEDIA TE COMPUTERThis is to certify that Tang Fanghui, female, aged 27, has completed the four-month training in intermediate computer at the Suzhou Y i Jin College of Continuing Education and passed the qualifying examination.STAMPSuzhou Y i Jin Collegeof Continuing EducationDate: May 20, 20035. Gentlemen:I beg to certify that Mr. David Brown has been a salesman in this firm for four years and has shown diligence and ability in the discharge of his duties. He has gained the esteem of his colleagues and superiors alike.V ery truly,ⅩⅩⅩUnit Five Meeting MinutesI. Look at the minutes below and change it into a verbatim.Suggested rewritten versionII. Draft meeting minutes according to the hints given. Suggested version:Unit Six Notice &AnnouncementI.Judge the subject of each notice1. Broadcast notice2. Birth notice3.Engagement notice4. Obituary5. Business noticeII. Draft notices according to the given information1.2.3．4．5.Unit Seven Itineraries & AgendasI.Discuss the following questions(Omitted)II.Draft an itinerary according to the given information1.Post-Conference Tour: Beijing-Nanjing-Wuxi-Suzhou-Shanghai(May 23-May 29, 2010)May 23 — Fly to Nanjing.May 24—Sightseeing in Nanjing: Dr. Sun Y at-Sen Mausoleum, Zhonghuamen, and the Qinhuai River Scenery.May 25 —T ake train to Wuxi.Sightseeing in Wuxi: Cruise on the Taihu Lake and Jichang Garden.May 26 — Take train to Suzhou.Sightseeing in Suzhou: Zhuo Zheng Y uan, Huqiu, and Hanshan (Old Hill)Temple.May 27 — Take train to Shanghai.May 28 — Sightseeing in Shanghai: Jade Buddha Temple, Y uyuan Garden, Shanghai Museum, Children's Palace, and the Bund.May 29 — After breakfast at the hotel, the tour will terminate.2．Security CouncilMeeting AgendaUnit Eight E-mail I.Discuss the following questions（Omitted）II.Write E-mails according to the given information 1.Unit Nine NotesI. Suggested Subjects1) Request for Repairing Something2) Note for saying Good-bye3）Asking for Sick LeaveII. Suggested V ersion1.Unit T en Business Letters1. Establishing Business RelationsI. T ranslate the following phrases from Chinese to English, or from English to Chinese.1. 国有 6. specialize in…2. 独家代理7. on the basis of quality and mutual benefits3. 稳定的货源8. specific enquiry4. 在……行业中9. wholesalers and retailers5. 试订货10. financial standingII. Write a letter to a foreign company for establishing business relations covering the following contents:Dear Sir,In the latest issue of the China Foreign Trade, we saw the name of your company listed as being interested in making certain purchases in China.We take this oppourtunity to place our name before you as being a buying, shipping and selling agent. If you do not have anyone here to look after your interested in that capacity, we should be glad if you give us your kind consideration.We inform you that we have been engaged in this business for the past 10 years. We, therefore, feel that because of our experience, we are well qualified to take care of your interests at this end. Further, as for references, we can give you the names of some concerns in your country and also our bankers are Bank of China.Looking forward to hearing from you!2. Making InquiriesⅠ. T ranslate the following sentences from Chinese to English or English to Chinese.1.Specializing in the export of Chinese Cotton Piece Goods, we express our desire to tradewith you in this line.2.Being closely connected with reliable wholesalers here, we shall be able to do considerableimport business with you.3.Please furnish us with your own sample of rayon handkerchiefs closest in designs andquality to those we enclose here.4.我们对你方的羊毛地毯很感兴趣，请将最新的CFR 报价和支付方式告知我方，并说明最快的交货日期。
2024年教师资格(初级中学)-英语知识与教学能力(高中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案版
2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —Do you mind if I______the TV a bit?—Yes, I do, because Fm busy with my homework now.A. turn onB. turn upC. turndownD. turnoff2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows： He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.A. negative transferB. positive transferC. overgeneralizationD. pragmatic failure3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The party’s reduced vote was______of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I will always remember my mother^ last few days in this worlD.On February 14th,2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go t o the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office，I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother, it was terrible.On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had got better. How I wished that she had got better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa mommy’s gone. She’s deaD. ”1 couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospi tal. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as she is living. When someone is asked who their heroes are ,they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day?______.A. Her mother had been very ill.B. Her mother had been deaD.C. Her mother had gotten better.D. Her sister came to see her.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver’s constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behinD. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of accident crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver^ scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track-and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant-scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand’s Bruce McLaren, who had an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics， with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsement, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘).Dan GumeyJs California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four cars in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car. Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn’t even the major reason. Three times Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967).A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limiteD. and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, “It’s in my blooD. ’’Other times he says, “It is good practice.” Now and then he replies, “Don’t ask dumb questions. ’’A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races fo r______ .A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words infast reading.A. take notesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from contextD. look up the words in a dictionary8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You II find this Travel Guide to be of great ( ) in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.A. costB. priceC. valueD. expenditure9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teachA. new word sifter playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means______with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What stage can the following grammar activity be usedat?______.The teacher asks the students to arrange the words of the sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. PresentationB. PracticeC. ProductionD. Preparation12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. unhealthyB. exhaustedC. fearfulD. upset13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”Mr. Baker went to the flea market to______.A. buy a second-hand carB. have a trial driveC. choose a new carD. sell his old car14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the author′ s attitude towards America′ s policies on global warming?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Compromising.15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities helps to train the skill of listening for gist?A. After listening, the students are required to figure out the relationship between the characters.B. After listening, the students are required to sequence the sentences according to the story.C. After listening, the students are required to identify the characters appearing in the story.D. After listening, the students are required to decide upon the title for the text.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Did you return Tom?s call?—I didn’t need to______, Fll see him tomorrow.A. thoughtB. unlessC. whenD. because17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) This skirt was made______your mother______her own measure.A. for; toC. to; toD. for; by18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There is no doubt______you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项（请选择唯一正确的答案）Passage OneThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The worlds largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wet-lands. Wetlands are important because they can also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance Of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2, many activities are held to tell people more about wet-lands.The World Wetlands Day is on. ______ .B. June 25C. February 2D. March 2221.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The committee __________ a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. releasedB. achievedC. reachedD. accomplished22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcas tle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the real ities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”The underlined phrase “low mortality” in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by “→←".A. short life spanB. low death rateC. low illness rateD. good health condition23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The most suitable question type to check students′ comprehension and developtheir critical thinking is __________.A. rhetorical questionsB. referential questionsC. close questionsD. display questions25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT the advantage of group work?A. creating some peaceful and quiet time in classB. encouraging cooperation and negotiation skills among studentsC. encouraging different opinions and contributions to the workD. promoting students5 autonomy rather than follow the teachers26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--Would you like some noodles, Celia?--Yes, just___________, please.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two stages-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be reviveD. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body^ metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called KetA. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in.this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey’s heart became active once more. Aft er fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her heaD. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection. Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One characteristic of clinical death is______.A. lasting damage to the lungsB. destruction of the tissuesC. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities actually does not involve writing?→ ←.A. Completion according to outlines.B. Completion with multiple choices.C. Completion according to topic sentences.D. Completion with detailed examples related to the topiC.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to ______ a passage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Must I finish the work today, Mom?__No, you_____. You can finish it tomorrow.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ she heard her grandfather was bom in Germany.A. That was from her mumB. It was her mum thatC. It was from her mum thatD. It was her mum whom32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When we analyze the salt salinity (盐浓度)of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In thisextreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtaineD.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreaseD. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behinD. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeareD. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the worlD.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”What is a flea market?______.A. A market where fleas are solD.B. A market where cars are solD.C. A market where used and cheap goods are soldD. A supermarket.34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To their credit the Department of Energy______these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took toB. took onC. took overD. took up35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The phoneme/n/in the first word of all the following phrases changes to/m/except______.A. moon shineB. moon beamC. common propertyD. common wealth36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows__________.A. generally distorted valuesB. unfair wealth distributionC. a marginalized lifestyleD. a rigid moral code37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be regarded as a communicative language task? ______ .A. Information-gap activityC. Sentence transformationD. Blank-filling38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the stead y rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the group s which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to thepassage?→←.A. Life expectancy goes on rising forever.B. There could be further increases in life expectancy.C. Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.D. Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fledthe village.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the letter "u"in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A. abuseB. useC. excuseD. lure41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Based on the experiment, which of the following may signal that the subjectis nearing the solution?A. The subject is begging to work.B. The subject looks away at something else.C. The subject is distracted from the given words.D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) New curriculum promotes the three-dimensional teaching objective which includes_______.A. knowledge, skills and method sB. emotional attitude and valuesC. knowledge, skills and emotionD. knowledge and skills； process and methods； emotional attitude and values43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are actively involved in classroom activities?→ ←.A. Nominating those who are good at English.B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C. Nominating students after the question is given.D. Nominating students before giving the question.44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, MD. His assessment weighed the pros and cons of e-book technology’s impact on social rela tionships, the environment, the economy，etC. Before you curl up with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating no biodegradable trash. On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self- sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourageself-publishing. In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable，solve the problem of eye fatigue，be sure the “have-nots” get the technology，and support e-book training in schools and business.What is e-books negative impact on social relationships?______.A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.。
内蒙古自治区乌兰察布集宁区集宁第一中学2025届高三适应性调研考试英语试题含解析
内蒙古自治区乌兰察布集宁区集宁第一中学2025届高三适应性调研考试英语试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．The Winter Olympics ________ in 2022 will surely bring in many international tourists.A．held B．having held C．holding D．to be held2．I think you’ve got to the point a change is needed , otherwise you’ll fail .A．when B．which C．where D．there3．The children wrote magical stories together, _____ imaginary worlds of romantic and military adventure.A．to spin B．spinningC．having spun D．to have spun4．There are a lot of signs men are more likely to have heart attacks than women.A．indicate B．to indicate C．indicated D．indicating5．I could not ________my tears when I saw the picture of my father working at the quake zone.A．bring In B．turn upC．take off D．hold back6．—What’s wrong with you?—Oh, I am sick. I ________ so much ice cream just now.A．shouldn’t eat B．mustn’t eatC．couldn’t have eaten D．shouldn’t have eaten7．Teaching as a career is to many people owing to the long holidays.A．popular B．familiarC．attractive D．fantastic8．Oh！I can feel something _____ up my leg！It must be an insect．A．to climb B．climbingC．climb D．climbed9．Smoking ______ in the kitchen in my house.A．doesn’t allow B．didn’t allowC．isn’t allowed D．won’t allow10．The disabled guy was attended throughout his school day by a nurse ________ to guard him.A．to appoint B．appointedC．appointing D．having appointed11．When the girl did ________ the courage to tell her parents what had happened, unfortunately her own family didn't believe her.A．work out B．work up C．work at D．work on12．The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.A．it B．whichC．that D．what13．In time we reached a stage we had more young readers than old ones．A．where B．how C．who D．what14．We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless, a world _______ each and every corner is a true paradise.A．that B．whichC．of which D．from where15．_____by the English teacher for the high grade, I felt my effort finally paid off.A．Praise B．Praised C．To praise D．Praising16．In many countries in the world, breakfast is a snack ______ a meal, but the traditional English breakfast is a full meal.A．less than B．more thanC．other than D．rather than17．The Party could have stated ______ their policy was on this matter, but the voters only received a very dusty answer. A．why B．when C．whether D．what18．If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.A．had been B．wereC．would be D．was19．With the nuclear crisi s worsening in Iran, the world’s attention is fixed again on ________is called the Middle East. A．which B．what C．that D．it20．People tend to love agricultural products ________ without the use of fertilizers, pesticides or chemical additives. A．growing B．grownC．being grown D．having been grown第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
自考 英语水平考试二 笔试 串讲
第一章词汇V ocabulary本章复习建议本章学习主要掌握形态相似词语的词义辨析；词义相近词语的词义辨析；英语固定搭配、动词词组以及理解语境对词义的选择。
本章重要知识点讲解（一）辨析形态相似而意义不同的词汇1. award和reward二者即可做名词也可做动词。
award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”；用作动词时，常用于award sth to sb，即把奖品/奖金授予某人。
Reward做名词时，意为“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”；用作动词时，常用于reward sb for sth，如：The film awards are presented annually.电影奖每年颁发一次。
A reward was offered for the return of the passport.为找回护照（他）提供了一笔酬金。
How can I reward you for your help?我怎样才能报答你的帮助？They awarded scholarship to the best students.他们把奖学金授予最好的学生。
【单选题】70. The police have offered a large ______ for information leading to the robber’s arrest. (P20)awardcompensationprizereward【答案】D【解析】警方提供了一大笔酬金为提供信息来逮捕抢劫犯的人。
2. refrain和restrainrefrain和restrain 都有抑制、控制不让做某事的意思。
refrain为不及物动词，后面要加上from。
refrain from 不再做某事，后面紧跟的宾语为“一个行动，而不是一个人”。
例句：You must refrain from smoking too much. 你必须克制不要抽这么多烟。
You must refrain from speculation. 你必须克制不要再投机了。
2023年全国统一高考英语试卷(新高考Ⅱ卷)含答案
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考Ⅱ卷）英语学科【注意事项】1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AYellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone（May 26 to September 2）Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail （小径）, camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics（June 5 to August 21）Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.Canyon Talks at Artist Point（June 9 to September 2）From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon （峡谷）while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platformat Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.Photography Workshops（June 19 &July 10）Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?A. Photography Workshops.B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point.D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about?A. Works of famous artists.B. Protection of wild animals.C. Basic photography skills.D. History of the canyon area.3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?A. Artist Point.B. Washburn Trailhead.C. Canyon Village Store.D. Visitor Education Center.BTurning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, andwork in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A. She used to be a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fast food restaurant.D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Short-lived.D. Unidentifiable.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local LandscapeCReading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity thatgo beyond culture and time.In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed （描绘）alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect（才智）, wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.8. Where is the text most probably taken from?A. An introduction to a book.B. An essay on the art of writing.C. A guidebook to a museum.D. A review of modern paintings.9. What are the selected artworks about?A. Wealth and intellect.B. Home and school.C. Books and reading.D. Work and leisure.10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Understand.B. Paint.C. Seize.D. Transform.11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?A. The printed book is not totally out of date.B. Technology has changed the way we read.C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.D. People now rarely have the patience to read.DAs cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding （编码）experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A. Pocket parks are now popular.B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.C. Many cities are overpopulated.D. People enjoy living close to nature.13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?A. To compare different types of park-goers.B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.C. To analyze the main features of the park.D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C. The same nature experience takes different forms.D. The nature language enhances work performance.15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?A. Language study.B. Environmental conservation.C. Public education.D. Intercultural communication.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
中央研究院文哲研究所《中国文哲研究集刊》总目
中央研究院文哲研究所《中国文哲研究集刊》总目中国文哲研究集刊创刊号1991/03王梦鸥读沈既济〈枕中记〉补考王叔岷钟嵘《诗品》概论饶宗颐后周整理乐章与宋初词学有关诸问题饶宗颐楚恭王熊审盂跋刘殿爵A Study of Some Textual Problems in the Lü-shin ch'un-ch'in and Their Bearing on Its Composition劳思光对于如何理解中国哲学之探讨及建议龙宇纯也谈《诗经》的兴张以仁温飞卿词旧说商榷续刘述先朱熹的思想究竟是一元论或是二元论﹖戴琏璋王弼易学中的玄思丁邦新声韵学知识用于推断文学作品时代及真伪之限度程元敏尚书宁王宁武宁考前宁人宁人前文人解之衍成及其史的观察(上)吴宏一赵执信《谈龙录》研究林庆彰《五经大全》之修篡及其相关问题探究彭小妍沈从文的乌托邦世界：苗族故事及乡土故事研究钟彩钧二程心性说析论中国文哲研究集刊第二期1992/03王叔岷论庄子之齐物观周策纵《庄子‧养生主》篇本义复原刘殿爵The Doctrine of Kuei Sheng 贵生in the Lu-shin ch'un-sh'iu 吕氏春秋柳存仁关于《陶真人内丹赋》罗锦堂佛典中的「观」与「念」王尔敏四民名义考张以仁温飞卿〈菩萨蛮〉词张惠言说试疏程元敏尚书宁王宁武宁考前宁人宁人前文人解之衍成及其史的观察(下)吴宏一唐传奇〈孙恪〉故事背景探微林玫仪稼轩寿词析论林庆彰朱谋玮《诗故》研究李明辉康德的「根本恶」说──兼与孟子的性善说相比较彭小妍阶级斗争与女性意识的觉醒──巴金《激流三部曲》中的无政府主义乌托邦理念钟彩钧二程本体论要旨探究──从自然论向目的论的展开林元辉卖身买得千年名──论中国人的自杀与名欲中国文哲研究集刊第三期1993/03陈槃中国古史论稿商搉别录周策纵《易经》「修辞立其诚」辨柳存仁红楼梦之旧本罗锦堂庄子与禅龙宇纯《诗》「彼其之子」及「于焉嘉客」释义余英时王僧虔〈诫子书〉与南朝清谈考辨张以仁从鹿虔扆〈临江仙〉的谈诖到他的一首〈女冠子〉王文生「诗言志」--中国文学思想的最早纲领戴琏璋阮籍的自然观王国璎李白的侠客形象黄俊杰中国古代儒家历史思维的方法及其运用廖明活净影寺慧远的心识思想林丰楙《道藏》所收早期道书的瘟疫观--以《女青鬼律》及《洞渊神经》系为主林庆彰朱睦揧及其《授经图》杨晋龙神统与圣统--郑玄王肃「感生说」异解探义彭小妍企业乌托邦的幻灭--茅盾《子夜》中的阶级斗争李明辉牟宗三哲学中的「物自身」概念钟彩钧《白虎通》与《伊川易传》天人观的比较朱荣贵Scholarly Autonomy and Political Dissent of Local Academies in the Early CH'ing 中国文哲研究集刊第四期1994/03陈槃中国古史论稿商榷别录(二)王叔岷陶渊明〈扇上画赞〉笺证周策纵诗歌．党争．与歌妓：周邦彦〈兰陵王〉词考释刘殿爵The Lu-shin Ch'un-ch'iu 吕氏春秋and Tsou Y en's 邹衍Theory of the Five Rotatory Ascendants (Wu Hing五行)王尔敏清代公案小说之撰著风格张以仁试论孙光宪的四首〈杨柳枝〉张亨试从黄宗羲的思想诠释其文学视界戴琏璋嵇康思想中的名理与玄理廖明活净影寺慧远的佛性学说李丰楙先秦变化神话的结构性意义──一个「常与非常」观点的考察林庆彰何楷《诗经世本古义》析论杨晋龙「四库学」研究的反思彭小妍无声之恋:沈从文的〈神巫之爱〉李明辉从康德的实践哲学论王阳明的「知行合一」说钟彩钧二程道德论与工夫论述要杨儒宾从「生气通天」到「与天地同流」－晚周秦汉两种转化身体的思想朱荣贵王夫之「民族主义」思想商榷王瑷玲论明清传奇名作中「情境呈现」与「情节发展」之关联性中国文哲研究集刊第五期1994/09暂缺中国文哲研究集刊第六期1995/03王靖宇从叙事文学角度看《左传》与《国语》的关系廖明活华严宗性起思想的形成林玫仪韵律分析在宋词研究上之意义朱荣贵从刘三吾《孟子节文》论君权的限制与知识份子之自主性钟彩钧罗整庵的理气论黄俊杰Three Contemporary Interpretations of Mencius: T'ang Chün-i, HsüFu-kuan, and MouTsung-san彭小妍The New Woman: May Fourth Women's Struggle for Self-Liberation中国文哲研究集刊第七期1995/09周策纵《犬窝谭红》所记《红楼梦》残钞本辨疑柳存仁王湘绮和《红楼梦》戴琏璋郭象的自生说与玄冥论夏明钊鲁迅文学中的象征诗学李丰楙罪罚与解救：《镜花缘》的谪仙结构研究李明辉康德的「历史」概念华玮析论刘清韵《小蓬莱仙馆传奇》之思想内容王瑷玲明清传奇名作中主题意识之深化与其结构设计中国文哲研究集刊第八期1996/03林庆彰姚际恒对朱子《诗集传》的批评黄灵庚论屈原之死秦启明编修年谱要实事求是──评林子青《弘一大师新谱》杨晋龙论《诗传大全》与《诗传通释》的差异彭小妍文学典律、种族阶级与乡土书写──张我军与台湾新文学的起源李明辉牟宗三先生的哲学诠释中之方法论问题钟彩钧罗整庵的经世思想与其政治社会背景陈英善蕅益智旭思想的特质及其定位问题蒋秋华姚际恒对《子贡诗传》、《申培诗说》的批评胡晓真阅读反应与弹词小说的创作──清代女性叙事文学传统建立一隅刘苑如杂传体志怪与史传的关系──从文类观念所作的考察中国文哲研究集刊第九期1996/09王绍曾如何正确评价黄丕烈在版本学上的贡献何志华高诱引《礼》考王晓毅西晋玄学与佛教的互动李丰楙传承与对应︰六朝道经中「末世」说的提出与衍变萧驰论中国古典诗歌律化过程的概念背景刘少雄论柳永的艳词华玮性别与戏曲批评──试论明清妇女之剧评特色王瑷玲论明清传奇之抒情性与人物刻画中国文哲研究集刊第十期1997/03刘述先论孔子思想中隐含的「天人合一」一贯之道──一个当代新儒学的阐释刘笑敢老子之自然与无为──古典意含与现代意义戴琏璋玄学中的音乐思想徐传武皇甫谧卒年新考周建渝徐陵年谱陈友冰传统的背叛和诗美的创新──浅论中晚唐险怪诗风的流变及其美学价值衣若芬一椿历史的公案──「西园雅集」钟彩钧吴康斋的生活与学术彭小妍新女性与上海都市文化──新感觉派研究中国文哲研究集刊第十一期1997/09曾永义也谈「南戏」的名称、渊源、形成和流播林保淳中国古典小说中的「女侠」形象胡晓真晚清前期女性弹词小说试探──非政治文本的政治解读柳存仁道家与道术刘述先论王阳明的最后定见廖明活吉藏的净土思想邵东方崔述在清代儒学定位之重新考察黄俊杰从孟学诠释史中国诠释学之特质中国文哲研究集刊第十二期1998/03彭小妍浪荡天涯︰刘呐鸥一九二七年日记胡晓真由弹词编订家侯芝谈清代中期弹词小说的创作形式与意识型态转化朱晓海自东汉中叶以降某些冷门咏物赋作论彼时审美观的异动邓仕梁「能研诸虑，何远之有哉」──《文心雕龙‧风骨》九虑萧驰中国传统诗学中的超越与本在︰《二十四诗品》中一个重要意涵的探讨何志华《吕氏春秋》高诱《注》校释蒋秋华郝敬的诗经学杨晋龙朱熹《诗序辨说》述义陈致说「南」──再论《诗经》的分类中国文哲研究集刊第十三期1998/09华玮《才子牡丹亭》作者考述──兼及〈笠阁批评旧戏目〉的作者问题王瑷玲明清抒怀写愤杂剧之艺术特质与成分衣若芬北宋题人像画诗析论周群刘基诗论戴琏璋玄学与形神思想李明辉孟子王霸之辨重探王钟陵《庄子》中的大木形象与意象思维陈宁汉魏六朝思想界对「报施多爽」问题的讨论张美樱《公羊传》称贤事例的价值判断及其意义中国文哲研究集刊第十四期1999/03李丰楙服饰与礼仪︰〈离骚〉的服饰中心说刘苑如《异苑》中的怪异书写与谐谑精神研究──以陈郡谢氏家族的相关记载为主要线索刘广定从「秦可卿淫丧天香楼」谈《红楼梦》的「脂批」简锦松从实证观点论王之涣〈登鹳雀楼〉朱晓海〈两都〉、〈二京〉义疏补杨贞德进化与自由──胡适自由主义中的历史观及其意涵周大兴玄学中的公谦之辩徐传武〈皇甫谧卒年新考〉补证中国文哲研究集刊第十五期1999/09曾永义也谈「北剧」的名称、渊源、形成和流播李奭学历史‧虚构‧文本性－－明末耶稣会「世说」修辞学初探江日新阿Q之怒：失序的价值重估与自我毒化的自欺龙宇纯荀卿子记余陈启云中国古代神话对「元始」、「终极」的理念和心态林安梧明末清初关于「格物致知」的一些问题－－以王船山人性史哲学为核心的宏观理解郑宗义明儒陈白沙学思探微－－兼释心学言觉悟与自然之义严寿澂庄子、重玄与相天－－王船山宗教信仰述论林庆彰姚际恒与顾颉刚中国文哲研究集刊第十六期2000/03衣若芬宋代题「诗意图」诗析论──以题「归去来图」、「憩寂图」、「阳关图」为例方介谈韩愈以文为戏的问题刘纪蕙三十年代中国文化论述中的法西斯妄想以及压抑：从几个文本征状谈起郑毓瑜直谏形式与知识分子──汉晋辞赋的拟骚、对问系列李贵生汪中、凌廷堪文学思想析论──扬州学派文学思想的两个方向杨贞德到共产主义之路──陈独秀爱国主义中的历史和个人周大兴王弼「性其情」的人性远近论林月惠非《传习录》：冯柯《求是编》析评郭齐中国历史上哲学范畴「和」的形成黄文宏海德洛「共属」(Zusammengehören)与天台宗的「即」──试论诡谲之说法邓克铭明中叶罗钦顺之禅学批评的时代意义杨晋龙从《四库全书总目》对明代经学的评价析论其评价内涵的意义樊善标韦昭《国语解》用礼书研究中国文哲研究集刊第十七期2000/09洪顺隆《文选》杂文诗歌文体性质研究张淑香男性情色幻想的美典──温廷筠词的女性再现李惠绵由「形残之迷」悟「神全之境」──论析当代戏剧《徐九经升官记》、《美女涅槃记》江宝钗从台湾日据时期小说中「自然」的三种形态看张文环〈夜猿〉的殊异性叶岗文体意识与文学史体例吴淑钿以文为诗的观念羶变车行健从司马迁《史记‧太史公自序》看「汉代书序」的体制──以「作者自序」为中心钟彩钧杨慈湖心学概述郑家栋「超越」与「内在超越」──牟宗三与康德之间黄文树阳明后学的成员分析戴琏璋王阳明与周易林庆彰顾颉刚与钱玄同郑吉雄《易图明辨》与儒道之辨杨自平《易经》「升降」与「反对」两种卦变义例的考察张寿安评漆永祥教授着《干嘉考据学研究》中国文哲研究集刊第十八期2001/03许东海汉赋与中国古典说服──从《鬼谷子》看司马相如、杨雄赋中的神仙论述衣若芬写真与写意：从唐志北宋题画诗的发展论宋人审美意识的形成巩本栋论辛弃疾的文学思想与审美情趣周建渝重读〈杜十娘怒沉百宝箱〉王瑷玲明末清初才子佳人剧之言情内涵及其所引生之审美构思萧驰船山以「势」论诗和中国诗歌艺术本质骆水玉沦降暨遐升──论《镜花缘》所望终虚的天路历程周大兴王坦之〈废庄论〉的反庄思想：从玄学与反玄学、庄学与反庄学的互动谈起廖明活法藏的种性观陈玮芬自我的客体化与普遍化──近代日本的「东洋」论及其隐匿其中的「西洋」与「支那」王小盾《越南汉文小说丛刊》和与之相关的文献学问题中国文哲研究集刊第十九期2001/09论文陈致说「夏」与「雅」：宗周礼乐形成与变迁的民族音乐学考察杨玉成小众读者：康熙时期的文学传播与文学批评萧驰论船山对儒家传统诗学「兴观群怨」概念之再诠林鹤宜从戏剧内涵的质变论戏文传奇的异说问题王瑷玲晚明清初戏曲审美意识中情理观之转化及其意义王安祈「演员剧场」向「编剧中心」──大陆「戏曲改革」效应与当代戏曲质性转变之观察伍振勳荀子的「身、礼一体」观──从「自然的身体」到「礼义的身体」钟彩钧湛甘泉哲学思想研究林月惠刘楫山对《大学》〈诚意〉章的诠释李奭学如来佛的手掌心──试论明末耶稣会「证道故事」里的佛教色彩评论陈荣开吉川幸次郎〈徂徕学案〉析论中国文哲研究集刊第二十期2002/03庄耀郎戴琏璋先生学行述要戴琏璋先生学术著作目录论文曾永义论说「腔调」林玫仪支机集完帙之发现及其相关问题衣若芬「潇湘」山水画之文学意象情境探微刘苑如从鲜卑叙记看南朝志怪中异族想像与时代感觉廖肇亨明末清初丛林论诗风尚探析毛文芳物的神话――晚明文震亨《长物志》的物体系论述刘述先现代新儒学研究之省察杨儒宾吐生与厚德――土的原型象征翟志成冯友兰的抉择及其转变邓声国郑玄《仪礼注》训诂术语释义例阐微书评论文黄俊杰中国思想史中「身体观」研究的新视野Scoot DA VIS Writing and Authority in the Empire of the Text书评Paola ZAMPERINI Tales of Translation: Composing the New Woman in China, 1899-1918 James St. ANDRÉMighty Opposites: From Dichotomies to Differences in the Comparative Study of China邱汉平《他者之域：文化身分与再现策略》吕正惠《中国抒情传统》纪元文《高行健与中国实验戏剧：建立一种现代禅剧》方孝谦《历史、身体、国家：近代中国的身体形成1895-1937》王远义《中国现代思想的起源――超稳定结构与中国政治文化的演变》（第一卷）李奭学《明末清初天主教和佛教的护教辩论》中国文哲研究集刊第二十一期Number 21 September 2002论文Articles衣若芬I Lo-fen漂流与回归──宋代题「潇湘」山水画诗之抒情底蕴Drifting and the Return—The Texture of Feelings in the Poems on Xiaoxiang Landscape Paintings from the Song Dynasty严志雄Lawrence C. H. YIM体物、记忆与遗民情境──屈大均一六五九年咏梅诗探究Objectivity, Memory, and Loyalist Condition—Qu Dajun's 1659 Poems on Plum TreesY uet keung LOPersuasion and Entertainment at Once: Kum?raj?va's Buddhist Storytelling in His Commentary on the Vimalak?rti-s?tra廖明活LIU Ming-wood怀感的生平和佛身、佛土思想The Life of Huaigan and His Conception of the Nature of the Buddha Amit?bha and the Pure Land吴汝钧NG Y u-kwan儒佛会通与纯粹力动理念的启示The Dialogue of Confucianism and Buddhism in the Light of the Idea of Pure V itality颜国明YEN Kuo-ming「《易传》是道家《易》学」驳议A Refutation of the V iew That the Commentaries on the Book of Changes Are a Taoist Theory of Change赖锡三LAI Hsi-san陈抟的内丹学与象数学──「后天象数」与「先天超象数」的统合Chen Tuan's Inner Alchemy and Symbolic-Mathematics彭国翔PENG Guoxiang王畿与道教──阳明学者对道教内丹学的融摄Wang Ji and Taoism—Absorption and Creative Interpretation of Inner Alchemy Doctrines of Taoism by Scholars of the Wang Y angming School杨晋龙Y ANG Chin-lung何楷《诗经世本古义》引用《化书》及其相关问题探究He Kai's Uses of Huashu in His Shijing shiben guyi and Its Implications蔡长林TSAI Ch’ang-lin论常州学派研究之新方向New Directions for Research on the Changzhou School刘真伦LIU Zhenlun论朱熹对方崧卿《韩集举正》的批评──方崧卿、朱熹校勘思想比较研究A Discussion of Zhu Xi's Critique of Fang Songqing's Collated Works of Han Y u书评论文Review essays杨贞德Y ANG Chen-te胡适爱国主义中「国界」与「是非」的抉择Between “My Country” and “What Is Right”: Hu Shi's ChoicesNicholas KOSSExploring the Matter and Minds of Late Ming Dynasty Readers书评ReviewsChaoyang LIAOModern Chinese Literary and Cultural Studies in the Age of Theory: Reimagining a FieldEugenia LEANTokens of Exchange: The Problem of Translation in Global Circulations祝平一CHU Ping-yiChinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome: A Descriptive Catalogue吕妙芬LU Miaw-fen《明末清初中西文化冲突》Mingmo Qingchu zhongxi wenhua chongtu柴田笃作SHIBA TA Atsushi 陈玮芬译CHEN Wei-fen 《近世中の比较思想──异文化の邂逅—》Kinsei Chugoku no hikaku shisoh-Ibunka to no kaikoh蔡振丰TSAI Chen-feng《圣贤典型的儒道义蕴试诠》Shengxian dianxing de ru dao yiyun shiquan王晴佳Q. Edward W ANG《叙事与解释──《左传》经解研究》Xushi yu jieshi —Zuo zhuan jingjie yanyiu萧丽HSIAO Li-hua《宋元逸民诗论丛》Song-Y uan yiminshi luncong黄卫总HUANG Weizong《世变与维新──晚明与晚清的文学艺术》Shibian yu weixin—wan Ming yu wan Qing de wenxue yishu滕井省三作FUJII Shozou 张季琳译/tran. ZHANG Ji-lin《鲁迅の仙台时代──鲁迅の日本留学の研究》Rozyun （Luxun）no sendai zidai—Rozyun（Luxun）no nihon ryugaku no kenkyu刘俊LIU Jun《阅读张爱玲──张爱玲国际研讨会论文集》等Y uedu Zhang Ailing—Zhang Ailing guoji yantaohui lunwenji。
高中英语选修课件SectionⅢLessonMyFavouriteComedy
XX
PART 02
Appreciation of Classic Comedy Works
REPORTING
Appreciation of Modern Times
• Background: Modern Times is a classic comedy film directed and starring Charlie Chaplin. The film is set in the United States during the Industrial Revolution and reveals the social problems brought about by industrialization through exaggerated performances and satirical techniques.
laughter from the audience, alleviate tension, and enhance
PhysicalAspects（[yurveda）
A Comparative Study of the Buddhist Analysis of Basic Elements of Mentality and theAyurvedic Explanation of Three HumorsIt is a well-known fact that Buddhism and [yurveda originated in India1. Both the disciplines were introduced to Sri Lanka in pre-christian era2. However it is a fact that [yurveda was influenced much by Buddhism during the time of world famous Buddhist University of N@land@3. It is believed that the famous philosopher N@g@rjuna introduced Ras@yanatantra into [yurveda, the eighth branch of [yurveda4. In Sri Lanka both [yurveda and local tradition of medicine were mixed and developed with Buddhism to a great extent. As a result there came into being a large number of works in Ayurvedic medicine written in Pali, Sanskrit and Sinhala in the island5. S@r@rthasa>grahaya, A=kaprak@^a and Bhesajjama~jus@ are some of them. In these works as well as in the Buddhist exegetical literature the Buddhist and Ayurvedic concepts have been comparatively discussed in order to bring the subject into an identity of Sri Lanka. For instance Ven. Buddhaghosa explains the different characters with reference to the three humors in [yurveda and the three unwholesome mental roots in Buddhism6. Our attention in this article is paid mainly to this aspect.According to early Buddhism the human personality is analyzed into physical and mental constituents. Among the analyses the analysis into five aggregates occupies a prominent place7. In most of the later works on Abhidhamma, the five aggregates have been considered as the basis of the Buddhist analysis of the psycho-physical personality of human beings8. According to the analysis of five aggregates r#pa - matter represents the human body and its related aspects of the external material world. In brief the human body means five senses: eye, ear, nose, tongue and skin. These are the sense-faculties that come into contact with the forms, sounds, taste, smell and the temperature of the external world. As a result of the contact between the senses and sense-objects consciousness arises recognizing the objects in regard to each and every sense-faculty. The coming together of the three aspects viz. sense-faculty, its object and the related consciousness creates feelings. Feelings are kept as perceptions or memories for later reflection and creating the same feelings as to the needs of persons. Because of constant reflection over the memories they are transformed into concepts. After creating such conceptsthey become the guiding principles of human behavior9. Due to this psycho-physical relationship there arise various types of mental aspects in human mind. In the absence of much attachment to feelings the human mind is basically involved with likes and dislikes (anunaya pa{igha)10. These mental tendencies are useful for the survival of beings. But as to the nature of human mind there is no limit for these mental tendencies. So unknowingly these two aspects are developed into greed and hate. Greed and hate are considered as unwholesome mental roots in Buddhism. Because of the impermanent nature of the world no one is able to satisfy greed and hate in one's life-time. Further these two mental aspects are developed into mental functions as abhijjh@ and vy@p@da11(covetousness and ill-will). Motivated by greed and hate people try to achieve what they desire and to eliminate what they don't like. Sometimes these two attempts become successful and as a result conceit (m@na)12 arises. When they fail to achieve their aims the mental condition called delusion (moha)13 arises. Conceit and delusion are but the same mental condition which can be introduced as mental distortion. However these three mental aspects have been compared with the three humors in [yurveda. In this context we can assume that there are six basic features in human personality.Human PersonalityPhysical Aspects Mental Aspects([yurveda) (Buddhism)Phlegm (semha) greed (lobha)Bile (pitta) hate (dosa)Air (v@ta) delusion (moha)conceit (m@na)14According to [yurveda the mental capacity of human beings consists of three aspects:Dh$ - ability to understand anything perfectlyDh=ti - ability to keep in mind (anything) firmlySm=ti - ability to recall the memories at onceThese abilities are related to the well-balanced three humors as follows:Pitta - bile dh$ - understandingsemha - phlegm dh=ti - memoryv@ta - air sm=ti - recalling15The nature of bile is burning or heat. Intellect means to criticize, break and analyze anything on a logical basis. The mental behavior of intellect is very similar to the behavior of fire. Therefore Buddhism compares hate with the intellect characters (Buddhicarita) in a positive context.Semha - phlegm possesses the nature of fluidity. It can absorb anything and keep for a certain period of time. The mental behavior of faith characters is compared with greed-characters. The positive aspect of greed characters is faith. Faith characters are soft-minded and they can easily believe anything without criticism. Therefore comparison between greed and memory is reasonable.V@ta - The nature of air is motion. The act of recalling indicates a kind of motion in the mental processes. The reflective characters are compared with delusion (moha) in Buddhism in a positive context. Reflection is an essential aspect of recalling.16Thus we can expand the Buddhist and Ayurvedic concept of three humors and three mental roots into a wider context as follows:greed phlegm memory faithhate bile understanding intellectdelusion air recalling reflectionIn Pali and Sanskrit the comparison of the English terms with P@li terms is as follows:lobha semha dh=ti saddh@dosa pitta dh$ intellectmoha v@ta sm=ti vitakkaThe air, bile and phlegm are also connected with three aspects of mind in [yurveda - Tamas or gloomy aspect of mind is related to air, agitated aspect - rajas to bile and creative aspect - sattva to phlegm. The starting point of Buddhist path is saddh@ - faith and positive aspect of mind or balanced nature of human personality is related to greed or faith. As pointed out above the positive aspect of mind is sattva and it is related to phlegm and greed17. The Visuddhimagga points out that lust-characters are those whose three do&as viz. air, bile and phlegm exist in a balanced mood18.The negative mental aspects of the three characters also mostly resemble with the illness related to three humors mentioned in [yurveda.R@gacarita - lust-charactersm@y@ - deciets@{heyya - fraudm@na - pridep@picchat@ - evilness of wishesmahicchat@ - greatness of wishesasantu{{hit@ - discontentsi<ga> - fopperyc@palaya> - personal vanity19Dosacarita - hate-characterskodha - angerupan@ha - enmitymakkha - disparagingpal@sa - domineeringiss@ - envymacchariya - avarice 20Mohaarita - delusion-charactersth$na - stiffnessmiddha - torporuddacca - agitationkukkucca - worryvicikicch@ - uncertainity@dh@nag@hit@ The positive aspects of the related three mental aspects are also connected with relevant positive aspects as follows:Saddh@carita - faith-charactersmuttac@gat@ - free generosityariy@na> dassanak@mat@ - desire to see Noble Onessaddhamma> sotuk@nat@ - desire to hear the Good Dhammap@mojjabahutat@ - great gladnessasa>sa{{hat@ - ingenuousnessam@y@vit@ - honestypas@dan$yesu {h@nesu pas@do - trust in things that inspire trust22Buddhicarita - intelligent-characterssovacassat@ - readiness to be spoken tokaly@%amittat@ - possession of good friendsbhojane matta~~ut@ - knowledge of the right amount in eating satisampaja~~a> - mindfulness and full awarenessj@gariy@nuyogo - devotion to wakefulnesssa>vejan$yesu {h@nesu sa>vego - a sense of urgencysa>viggassa ca yoniso padh@na> - wisely directed endeavour23Vitakkacarita - speculative-charactersbhassabahulat@ - talkativenessga%@r@mat@ - sociabilitykusal@nuyoge arati - boredom with devotion to the profitable anava{{hitocittat@ - failure to finish undertakingsratti> dh#p@yan@ - hatching plans at nightdiv@pajjalan@ - putting plans into effect by dayhur@hura> dh@van@ - mental running hither and tither24The Buddhist [yurvedic Psycho-somatic Chart (BAP Chart) has been prepared as a basic tool for the counselors, psychiatrists and physicians of the Buddhist [yurvedic System of Medicine. This system of medicine is a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment of mental and physical illnesses followed by ancient doctors of our tradition. The chart though indicates the facts in brief can be successfully used by the doctors who are trained in the system. In this system attention was paid to several aspects that are connected with human behavior. According to Buddhism and [yurveda nothing happens with one cause and nothing happens without causes (ekahetuv@da and ahetuv@da). Everything happens due to many causes and conditions. So it is a fact that all kinds of illnesses mental or physical arise due to many causes and conditions. Seeking one cause for a particular disease through diagnosis is not only a foolish task but also a useless attempt. The ancient teachers and doctors (vaidya) understood clearly this phenomena and treated the patients in a holistic manner. This chart indicates more than 26 areas to which they have paid their attention. They cover several subjects of the tradition such asi.Buddhist philosophy, ethics and cultureii.[yurvedaiii.Buddhist Psychology (Abhidhamma)iv.Astrologyn rites and ritualsvi.Environmentvii.Aspects of timeviii.Human behavior, etc.Still this is not an exhaustive study and this can be further expanded to cover many other aspects related to human behavior. In the future an attempt will be taken to make a universal chart of Buddhist [yurvedic System of Medicine and to explain logically the inter-connection among the factors indicated in the chart. I mention with gratitude the following sources which have been consulted for making this chart.Sources:1.Carakasa>hit@, tr. Dr. R. Buddhadasa, Government Press, Colombo, 19602.De^$ya Cikits@ Samgrahaya, I, Dept. of [yurveda, Colombo, 19843.Su^rutasa>hit@, tr. Dr. R. Buddhadasa, Government Press, Colombo, 19624.Bhesajjama~jus@, ed. Ven. W. Dharmakirti, Alpitiya, 19675.Vibh@vin${$k@, Ven. W. Pannananda, Colombo, 18986.Vaidyaka S@rarthasa>grahaya, ed. Dr. Aryadasa Kumarasingha, Dept. of National Museums,Colombo, 19857.Visuddhimagga, ed. Ven. P. Buddhadatta, Colombo, 19208.The Path of Purification (Visuddhimagga), tr. Bhikkhu Ñ@%amoli, Taiwan, 19569.[yurveda Au&adha Sa>grahaya, Dept. of [yurveda, Colombo, 197510.Bhagavat Sinh Jee, Aryan Medical Science, New Delhi, 189511.Hendric de Silva Hettigoda, J$vitaya h@ Grahayo, Piliyandala, 200812.Dr. Piyasena Ratuwitana, Pal@pala Kathanayata Piyagatapela, Colombo, 201113.Wickramarachchi Felicitation Volume, ed. W. S. Karunaratna etc, Vidyalankara Press, 196814.Dr. R. K. Rohan Sisira Kumara, Lanka Pa~c@<ga Grahasphu{a Lita - 2007-2008, Talawatugoda,200715.Dr. D. M. Jayasingha, Pa~canid@na, Dept. of [yurveda, Colombo, 1984End Notes1Vaidyaka S@r@rthasa>grahaya, ed. and tr. Dr. Aryadasa Kumarasingha, Dept. of National Museums, 1985, pp.vii-xxxiii2 ibid.3 Wickramarachchi Felicitation Volume, ed. W. S. Karunaratna etc., Vidyalankara Press, 1968, pp. 74-754 ibid.5 e. g. S@r@rthasa>grahaya, Bhesajjama~jus@, Yog@r%ava, Prayogaratn@val$, Yogaratn@karaya, Vaidyacint@ma%i, S@rasa<k&epa, Prayogasamuccaya, Wickramarachchi Felicitation Volume, op. cit., pp. 85-866 The Path of Purification, tr. Bhikku Ñ@%amoli, Taiwan, 1956, p. 1047 op. cit., pp. 489-5418Vibh@vin${$k@, ed. Rev. Pannananda, Colombo, 1898, p. 49 Galmangoda, Sumanapala, Buddhist Social Philosophy and Ethics, Singapore, 2006, pp. 9-1110Milindapa~ha, PTS (Pali Text Society, London, pp. 44, 122)11D$ghanik@ya, I, PTS, p. 70-7112D$ghanik@ya, III, PTS, p. 23413 op. cit., pp. 146, 17514 The Path of Purification, op. cit., p. 10415Carakasa>hit@, tr. R. Buddhadasa, Government Dept. of Languages, 1960, pp. 241-24916 Jayasingha, D. M., Pa~canid@na, Dept. of Ayurveda, 1984, pp. 68-7117Bhesajjama~jus@, ed. Ven. Wilegoda Dharmakeerti, Alpitiya, 1967, pp. 22-2518 The Path of Purification, op. cit., pp. 103-10519 op. cit. pp. 108-10920 ibid.21 ibid.22 ibid.23 ibid.24 ibid.。
介绍西方神话和中国神话的差异英语作文
Western and Chinese Mythology: AComparative StudyMythology, an integral part of human culture, reflects the deep-rooted beliefs, values, and aspirations of a society. Western and Chinese mythologies, despite their commonalities, exhibit distinct characteristics that stem from their unique historical, cultural, and geographical backgrounds. This essay aims to delve into the differences between Western and Chinese mythology, focusing on their narratives, deities, and influence on respective cultures.Western mythology, often traced back to Greek and Roman mythology, is rich in diverse stories and characters. These myths are known for their vivid narratives, intricate plots, and a strong emphasis on heroes and their adventures. The gods and goddesses in Western mythology are often portrayed as having human-like emotions and flaws, engaging in love affairs, jealous rivalries, and power struggles. Thesemyths serve as a mirror reflecting the complexities and contradictions of human nature.On the other hand, Chinese mythology is deeply rootedin Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism, focusing more onharmony with nature and the universe. Chinese myths are characterized by their symbolic representations, profound philosophical insights, and emphasis on morality and ethics. The deities in Chinese mythology are often abstractions of natural forces or aspects of life, such as the Jade Emperor, the supreme Deity of Heaven, or the Buddha, the Enlightened One. These deities are worshipped for their wisdom, compassion, and transcendent qualities.The influence of these two mythologies on their respective cultures is also noteworthy. Western mythology has had a profound impact on literature, art, and philosophy, shaping the way Westerners view the world and their place within it. On the other hand, Chinese mythology has deeply influenced Chinese culture, dictating social norms, moral values, and religious practices.In conclusion, Western and Chinese mythologies,although sharing common themes of gods, heroes, and the supernatural, differ significantly in their narratives, deities, and cultural influence. Western mythology emphasizes individuality, adventure, and power, while Chinese mythology emphasizes harmony, morality, andtranscendence. These differences are reflective of the distinct historical, cultural, and geographical backgrounds of the two regions, highlighting the uniqueness and diversity of human cultures.**东西方神话的差异**神话，作为人类文化的重要组成部分，反映了一个社会的深层信仰、价值观和愿望。
大学里给我印象最深的科目英语作文
大学里给我印象最深的科目英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Most Unforgettable Subject I Studied at UniversityAs I reflect back on my university days, one subject stands out vividly in my mind - a course that shaped my perspectives, challenged my beliefs, and left an indelible mark on my intellectual growth. This course, titled "Anthropology of Ritual and Belief Systems," was a whirlwind journey through the intricate tapestry of human cultures, delving deep into the fascinating realms of rituals, myths, and belief systems that have shaped civilizations throughout history.From the moment I stepped into that lecture hall, I knew I was in for an extraordinary experience. The professor, Dr. Evans, was a towering figure in the field of anthropology, renowned for her captivating lectures and her unwavering commitment to shedding light on the rich diversity of human societies. Her passion for the subject was palpable, and it ignited a fire within me that burned brighter with each passing class.The course material was a veritable smorgasbord of cultural delights, spanning from the ancient rituals of indigenous tribes to the intricate belief systems of major world religions. We delved into the symbolic significance of various rituals, exploring how they served as conduits for social cohesion, spiritual transcendence, and the preservation of cultural identities. The discussions were lively and thought-provoking, challenging us to question our own assumptions and preconceived notions about what constituted "normal" or "acceptable" practices.One particular lecture that left an indelible mark on me was the exploration of shamanic traditions in various cultures. Dr. Evans regaled us with tales of shamans who acted as intermediaries between the physical and spiritual realms, facilitating healing, divination, and communication with the unseen forces of nature. Her vivid descriptions oftrance-inducing rituals and the intricate cosmologies that underpinned these practices sent shivers down my spine, igniting my curiosity and igniting a desire to understand the profound depths of human spirituality.However, the course was not merely a catalogue of rituals and beliefs; it was a profound exploration of the human condition itself. We grappled with complex questions about thenature of reality, the origins of belief systems, and the role they played in shaping societal structures and individual identities. Dr. Evans challenged us to think critically about our own cultural biases and to approach these topics with an open mind, embracing the rich tapestry of human diversity.One of the most memorable assignments in the course was a field research project, where we were tasked with immersing ourselves in a local cultural community and observing their rituals and belief systems firsthand. I chose to study a small Haitian diaspora community in my city, attending their vibrant Vodou ceremonies and engaging with practitioners to understand the intricate symbolism and spiritual significance behind their practices.As I sat in those candlelit ceremonies, surrounded by the rhythmic drumbeats and the chants of the Vodou priests, I was transported to a realm where the veil between the physical and spiritual worlds seemed to dissolve. The experience was both exhilarating and humbling, reminding me of the vast depth of human spirituality and the profound connections that bind us all, regardless of our cultural backgrounds.Throughout the course, Dr. Evans emphasized the importance of respectful engagement and cultural sensitivity.She taught us to approach these belief systems not with judgment or condescension, but with genuine curiosity and a desire to understand the richness and complexity of human experiences. This lesson has stayed with me long after I left the confines of that lecture hall, shaping the way I interact with and appreciate the diverse cultures that make up the tapestry of our global society.As the semester drew to a close, I found myself profoundly changed by the insights and experiences I had gained. The course had opened my eyes to the vast spectrum of human beliefs and rituals, challenging me to question my own assumptions and embrace the complexity of our shared human experience. It had instilled in me a deep respect for cultural diversity and a recognition that beneath the surface of our differences, we are all united by our shared yearning for meaning, connection, and transcendence.In the years that followed, the lessons I learned in "Anthropology of Ritual and Belief Systems" have continued to shape my worldview and inform my interactions with others. Whether I am traveling to distant lands or simply navigating the cultural melting pot of my own city, I carry with me a deep appreciation for the richness of human diversity and acommitment to approaching different belief systems with an open mind and a willingness to learn.To this day, whenever I encounter a ritual or belief system that seems unfamiliar or even bizarre at first glance, I am reminded of the profound lessons I learned in that course. I pause, take a deep breath, and allow myself to be transported back to those candlelit ceremonies, the echoes of chanting filling my ears, and the realization that beneath the surface, we are all seeking the same fundamental truths – connection, meaning, and a deeper understanding of our place in this vast and wondrous universe.篇2The Most Memorable Subject in UniversityAs I reflect on my time in university, countless memories come flooding back – the excitement of move-in day, thelate-night study sessions, the friendships forged over shared struggles and triumphs. Yet, amidst the whirlwind of experiences, one subject stands out as the most indelible, a course that challenged me intellectually, emotionally, and even spiritually. It was a class that left an imprint on my soul, shaping my worldview and igniting a passion that burns brightly to this day.The subject in question was "Comparative Religions and Philosophies," a course that delved into the rich tapestry of belief systems that have guided humanity throughout the ages. From the ancient wisdom of Hinduism and Buddhism to the profound teachings of Islam and Christianity, we explored the intricate complexities of each tradition, uncovering the shared threads that bind us all together.At first, I'll admit, I approached the class with a hint of skepticism. Religion had always been a somewhat abstract concept to me, something that existed on the periphery of my life. But as the weeks unfolded, I found myself drawn deeper and deeper into the subject matter, captivated by the sheer depth and breadth of the material we covered.Our professor, Dr. Samantha Wilson, was a true master of her craft. With a infectious enthusiasm and a boundless wealth of knowledge, she guided us through the labyrinth of belief systems, pointing out the nuances and subtleties that so often elude the casual observer. Her lectures were not mere recitations of facts and figures; they were immersive experiences, transporting us to the hallowed grounds of ancient temples and the sacred spaces where these belief systems took root.One particular lecture that has remained etched in my memory was our exploration of the concept of suffering in Buddhism. Dr. Wilson painted a vivid picture of the Four Noble Truths, the foundational teachings of the Buddha that aim to alleviate the inherent suffering that permeates all of existence. As she delved into the intricacies of the Eightfold Path, a roadmap for transcending the cycle of suffering, I found myself profoundly moved.It was in that moment that I realized the true power of religion and philosophy – their ability to provide solace, guidance, and a sense of purpose in the face of life's greatest challenges. Suddenly, the abstract concepts we had been studying took on a tangible, visceral quality, resonating deep within my soul.From that point onward, I approached each class with a renewed sense of enthusiasm and curiosity. We delved into the rich tapestry of Hinduism, unraveling the intricate symbolism and mythology that underpins this ancient faith. We explored the profound teachings of Islam, marveling at the beauty and wisdom contained within the Quran. And we ventured into the realms of Western philosophy, grappling with the complex ideas of thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, and Descartes.Throughout it all, Dr. Wilson encouraged us to engage in respectful dialogue and debate, challenging us to question our assumptions and to see the world through different lenses. She fostered an environment of intellectual curiosity andopen-mindedness, reminding us that true understanding comes not from blind acceptance, but from a willingness to embrace diverse perspectives.As the semester drew to a close, I found myself profoundly changed by the experience. The knowledge I had gained extended far beyond the confines of the classroom; it had become a part of my very being, shaping the way I viewed the world and my place within it.In the years since, I have carried the lessons of that course with me, drawing upon them in times of doubt and uncertainty. When faced with life's challenges, I find solace in the wisdom of the ancients, remembering the teachings that have guided countless generations before me.But perhaps more importantly, the course instilled in me a deep respect and appreciation for the diversity of belief systems that enrich our world. I learned that beneath the surface differences, there lies a common thread of humanity, a sharedyearning for meaning, purpose, and connection that transcends cultural and religious boundaries.As I look back on that pivotal semester, I am filled with gratitude for the opportunity to have explored the depths of human spirituality and philosophy. It was a journey that challenged me, inspired me, and ultimately, transformed me. And for that, "Comparative Religions and Philosophies" will forever hold a special place in my heart as the most memorable subject of my university experience.篇3The Subject That Left the Deepest Impression on Me in CollegeAs I reflect on my four years of college, numerous courses and subjects come to mind, each leaving its unique mark. However, amidst the array of academic pursuits, one subject stands out as having left an indelible impression on me –Philosophy. This discipline, with its profound inquiries into the nature of reality, knowledge, and ethics, has profoundly shaped my worldview and approach to life.When I first stepped into the Philosophy classroom, I was immediately captivated by the depth and complexity of thequestions posed. We delved into the realms of metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics, exploring the fundamental queries that have perplexed humanity for centuries. What is the nature of existence? How can we distinguish reality from illusion? What constitutes knowledge, and how can we attain it? These questions challenged my preconceived notions and forced me to think critically about the very foundations of my beliefs.One of the aspects of Philosophy that resonated deeply with me was its emphasis on logic and reason. We learned to analyze arguments, identify fallacies, and construct sound lines of reasoning. This skill proved invaluable not only within the confines of the classroom but also in navigating the complexities of daily life. It taught me to approach issues with an open and inquisitive mind, seeking truth and understanding through rational discourse.Furthermore, the study of Ethics left an indelible mark on my moral compass. We explored various ethical frameworks, from utilitarianism to deontology, and grappled with the intricate dilemmas that arise when principles collide. These discussions prompted me to scrutinize my own values and beliefs, challenging me to develop a well-reasoned and coherent ethical stance. I found myself contemplating the implications of myactions, not just for myself but also for society and the world at large.One of the most captivating aspects of Philosophy was the diversity of perspectives we encountered. From ancient Greek thinkers like Plato and Aristotle to modern philosophers like Kant and Nietzsche, we delved into a rich tapestry of ideas that spanned civilizations and epochs. This exposure to contrasting viewpoints taught me the value of intellectual humility and the importance of considering multiple angles before forming conclusions.The discussions and debates that unfolded in our Philosophy classes were nothing short of exhilarating. Our professor, a true master of the Socratic method, would skillfully guide us through intricate thought experiments and hypothetical scenarios, constantly challenging our assumptions and pushing us to think deeper. These exercises honed our critical thinking skills and encouraged us to articulate our thoughts with clarity and precision.Beyond the academic realm, the study of Philosophy had a profound impact on my personal growth. It instilled in me a deep appreciation for the power of questioning and the pursuit of wisdom. I learned to approach life with a sense of wonder andcuriosity, constantly seeking to understand the world around me and my place within it.Moreover, the philosophical teachings on ethics and morality shaped my interactions with others. I became more mindful of the consequences of my actions, striving to make choices that not only benefited myself but also contributed positively to the greater good. This newfound ethical awareness fostered a sense of responsibility and empathy, qualities that have served me well in both my personal and professional endeavors.As I progressed through the Philosophy curriculum, I encountered numerous challenges and obstacles. Some concepts were so abstract and complex that they seemed impenetrable at first. However, through perseverance, dedication, and the guidance of my professors, I gradually unraveled these intricacies, developing a deeper understanding and appreciation for the subject.One particularly memorable experience was the culmination of our studies – the senior thesis. This capstone project required us to delve into a philosophical topic of our choice and develop an original argument or analysis. The process was arduous, involving extensive research, critical thinking, and countlessrevisions. However, the sense of accomplishment upon completing this monumental task was unparalleled. It not only solidified my grasp of philosophical methodologies but also instilled in me a sense of intellectual confidence and resilience.As I reflect on my journey through the realm of Philosophy, I am filled with a profound sense of gratitude. This subject has not only broadened my intellectual horizons but has also shaped my character and worldview in ways that will undoubtedly influence my future endeavors.Whether I pursue a career in academia, business, or any other field, the lessons I have learned from Philosophy will serve as a compass, guiding me towards thoughtful and ethical decision-making. The ability to think critically, analyze complex issues from multiple perspectives, and articulate my thoughts with clarity and precision are invaluable skills that will benefit me in any professional or personal pursuit.Moreover, the study of Philosophy has instilled in me a lifelong love for learning and a thirst for knowledge. I now approach the world with an insatiable curiosity, constantly seeking to understand the underlying principles and complexities that govern our existence. This intellectual curiositywill undoubtedly propel me to continue exploring new ideas, challenging my assumptions, and expanding my horizons.In conclusion, the subject of Philosophy has left an indelible impression on me, shaping my intellectual growth, ethical foundations, and personal development. It has equipped me with the tools to navigate the complexities of life with wisdom, reason, and a deep appreciation for the pursuit of truth. As I embark on the next chapter of my journey, I carry with me the lessons and insights gleaned from this profound discipline, ready to embrace the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead with an open mind and a commitment to lifelong learning.。
小学上册J卷英语第2单元期末试卷
小学上册英语第2单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.My favorite thing to do is ________ (参观博物馆).2.What is the main language spoken in the United States?A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. GermanC3.We will _______ (take) a family photo.4.My mom is very _____ (关心) and always helps me.5.Nonmetals are usually poor _____ of heat and electricity.6. A ______ reaction releases energy, often as heat or light.7.Plate tectonics can create mountains through a process known as ______.8. A substance that changes color when it reacts with an acid is called an _____.9.We have a ______ (丰富的) menu at the cafeteria.10.The __________ (历史的传承) enriches our culture.11.My dream is to travel to _______ (日本).12.What does a compass help us find?A. DistanceB. SpeedC. DirectionD. LocationC13.Which fruit is known for having seeds on the outside?A. AppleB. StrawberryC. BananaD. PeachB14.The ____ is known for its incredible speed and agility.15.The capital of Bhutan is __________.16.What is the capital of Barbados?A. BridgetownB. SpeightstownC. OistinsD. BathshebaA17.I have a special memory with my ____.18.The _______ (小青蛙) jumps high when it’s scared.19.The Nile River is famous for being the longest _______.20.How many continents are there in the world?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight21.The chemical formula for iron (III) oxide is _______.22.What do we call the area of land that is covered by water?A. DesertB. OceanC. WetlandD. MountainC23.What is the name of the famous bridge in San Francisco?A. Brooklyn BridgeB. Golden Gate BridgeC. Tower BridgeD. Sydney Harbour Bridge24. A substance that changes color when pH changes is called an ______.25.I _____ (like/hate) broccoli.26.I love exploring in the ________.27.What is the name of the famous author known for his detective stories?A. Arthur Conan DoyleB. Agatha ChristieC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Ray BradburyA28.My friend is always __________ (乐于助人的) when I need help.29.The ________ (环境教育) raises awareness.30.The __________ (历史的社会责任) encourage engagement.31.My favorite plant is a ________.32.Supernovae are explosions that occur at the end of a star's _______ cycle.33.What do we call the process of growing plants?A. GardeningB. FarmingC. AgricultureD. All of the aboveD All of the above34.I like to watch ___. (cartoons)35.I love watching ______ (星星) at night, especially during a ______ (流星雨).36.What do we call a scientist who studies the structure of matter?A. PhysicistB. ChemistC. BiologistD. Geologist37.The __________ (历史的影响) is felt in modern society.38.My grandma bakes the best ________ (饼干). I help her mix the ________ (材料).39.My ________ (玩具) encourages curiosity and exploration.40.What is the name of the famous wizard in a popular book series?A. GandalfB. Harry PotterC. MerlinD. Dumbledore41.How many strings does a violin have?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7答案:A42.The ____ is a small, furry animal that likes to jump.43. A _______ (狼) hunts in a pack.44.The sun is very ___ (bright) today.45.What is the name of the famous waterfall located on the border of the U.S. and Canada?A. Victoria FallsB. Angel FallsC. Niagara FallsD. Iguazu FallsC46.My dad takes care of our _______ (我爸爸照顾我们的_______).47. A dwarf planet is a celestial body that is not a ______ planet.48.I have a _____ (pen/pencil) in my backpack.49.I like to _______ (参加) club activities after school.50.The flower pot is full of ______.51.__________ (固体) have a definite shape and volume.52. A solution with a pH greater than is called a ______.53.The toucan has a large, colorful _________ (喙).54.The train is ______ (fast) and loud.55.What do we call the act of taking care of someone?A. CaringB. NurturingC. Looking afterD. All of the AboveD56. A shadow is formed when an object blocks _______.57.We play hide and ______ (找) in the garden.58.We will go to the ______ for a field trip. (museum)59.What is the name of the place where you can swim?A. GymB. PoolC. SchoolD. ZooB60.The sunflowers turn to face the _______ each day.61.What do you call a person who plays music?A. ArtistB. MusicianC. WriterD. ActorB62. A _____ is a mountainous area.63.How many eyes does a typical human have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. FourB64.The vegetables are very ___. (fresh)65.古代的________ (rituals) 在宗教活动中非常重要。
周测小卷英语2partb
周测小卷英语2partbThe importance of regular practice in improving English language proficiency cannot be overstated. Frequent exposure to the language, through various mediums, is crucial for developing a strong command of grammar, vocabulary, and overall communication skills. One effective way to achieve this is through the completion of regular practice tests, such as the English midterm exam Part B.The English midterm exam Part B is designed to assess a student's proficiency in various aspects of the English language. This includes reading comprehension, written expression, and the application of grammatical principles. By engaging in this practice exam, students have the opportunity to identify their strengths and weaknesses, allowing them to focus their study efforts on areas that require more attention.One of the key benefits of the English midterm exam Part B is the opportunity it provides for students to become familiar with the format and structure of the exam. This familiarity can help reduce anxiety and improve performance on the actual test. Additionally, thefeedback provided by the exam can help students identify specific areas of weakness, enabling them to develop targeted study strategies to address those areas.Another important aspect of the English midterm exam Part B is the development of critical thinking and analytical skills. Many of the questions on the exam require students to read and comprehend complex passages, and then apply their knowledge to answer questions or complete tasks. This process encourages students to think critically, draw inferences, and make connections between different concepts, all of which are essential skills for success in both academic and professional settings.Furthermore, the English midterm exam Part B provides an opportunity for students to practice their written communication skills. The exam often includes a writing component, where students are required to compose a well-structured, coherent, and persuasive essay. This exercise not only helps students improve their writing abilities but also encourages them to organize their thoughts, develop a clear thesis, and support their arguments with evidence.In addition to the direct benefits of the English midterm exam Part B, the process of preparing for and completing the exam can also have a positive impact on a student's overall academic performance. The discipline and dedication required to study for the exam cantranslate to improved study habits and time management skills, which can be applied to other courses and academic endeavors.Moreover, the sense of accomplishment and confidence that comes with performing well on the English midterm exam Part B can have a ripple effect on a student's motivation and engagement in their studies. This can lead to improved academic outcomes across the board, as students become more invested in their learning and more eager to apply their knowledge and skills.In conclusion, the English midterm exam Part B is a valuable tool for students seeking to improve their English language proficiency. Through regular practice and feedback, students can develop a stronger command of grammar, vocabulary, and written communication skills, while also honing their critical thinking and analytical abilities. By embracing the opportunities presented by this practice exam, students can position themselves for greater academic and professional success in the future.。
学位英语作文题库
学位英语作文题库Certainly! Here's a collection of English essay prompts suitable for an academic setting, particularly for degree-level students:1. The Impact of Social Media on Modern Communication- Discuss the ways in which social media has changed the landscape of communication and its implications for society.2. The Role of Technology in Education- Evaluate the benefits and challenges of integrating technology into educational curriculums.3. Sustainability and the Future of Our Planet- Explore the concept of sustainability and its importance in securing the future of our environment.4. The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence- Consider the moral and ethical dilemmas that arise with the development and use of AI in various sectors.5. The Influence of Globalization on Culture- Analyze how globalization affects cultural identities and the potential loss of cultural diversity.6. The Importance of Biodiversity for Ecosystems- Explain the significance of biodiversity for the health and survival of ecosystems.7. The Challenges of Achieving Gender Equality- Discuss the current obstacles to gender equality and propose solutions for a more equitable society.8. The Effects of Climate Change on Human Society- Examine the various ways climate change is impacting human societies and the measures that can be taken tomitigate these effects.9. The Power of Education in Breaking the Poverty Cycle- Reflect on the role of education in empowering individuals and communities to overcome poverty.10. The Role of Public Health Policies in Disease Prevention - Assess the effectiveness of public health policies in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.11. The Impact of Economic Policies on Income Inequality- Evaluate how economic policies can either exacerbate or alleviate income inequality.12. The Evolution of Human Rights- Trace the historical development of human rights and discuss current challenges to their universal acceptance.13. The Intersection of Technology and Privacy- Consider the balance between technological advancement and the right to privacy in the digital age.14. The Importance of Mental Health in the Workplace- Discuss the significance of mental health awareness and support in creating a productive and healthy work environment.15. The Future of Renewable Energy- Explore the potential of renewable energy sources andthe challenges to their widespread adoption.These prompts are designed to encourage critical thinking and in-depth analysis on a variety of topics relevant to degree-level study. They can be adapted to suit different academic disciplines and are open-ended enough to allow for a range of perspectives and arguments.。
专升本英语单项选择题
专升本英语单项选择题The English language is a vast and complex system of communication that has been the subject of extensive study and analysis for centuries. One of the key aspects of the English language that is often assessed in academic and professional settings is the ability to accurately answer multiple-choice questions, particularly in the context of upgrading to a bachelor's degree. These questions can cover a wide range of topics, from grammar and vocabulary to reading comprehension and written expression.One of the primary challenges in tackling English language multiple-choice questions is the need to demonstrate a deep understanding of the language's nuances and idiosyncrasies. This requires a strong foundation in the fundamental principles of English grammar, including parts of speech, sentence structure, and verb tenses. Additionally, successful test-takers must be adept at recognizing and correctly identifying common grammatical errors, such as subject-verb agreement, pronoun usage, and parallel structure.Another critical component of English language multiple-choicequestions is the ability to comprehend and analyze written passages. This involves not only understanding the literal meaning of the text but also identifying the author's tone, purpose, and underlying message. Test-takers must be able to draw inferences, recognize rhetorical devices, and evaluate the overall coherence and organization of the passage.Vocabulary is also a crucial aspect of English language multiple-choice questions. Test-takers must be familiar with a wide range of words, including their definitions, synonyms, and contextual usage. This knowledge can be particularly important in questions that assess the ability to identify appropriate word choices or to determine the meaning of unfamiliar terms based on context.In addition to these core language skills, successful performance on English language multiple-choice questions often requires the ability to think critically and strategically. This may involve analyzing the structure and logic of the questions, identifying patterns or common distractors, and employing effective test-taking strategies, such as process of elimination or educated guessing.One of the key benefits of mastering English language multiple-choice questions is the opportunity to upgrade to a bachelor's degree. Many academic institutions and professional programs require applicants to demonstrate a high level of proficiency in theEnglish language, and successful performance on these types of assessments can be a crucial factor in gaining admission.Furthermore, the skills and knowledge required to excel in English language multiple-choice questions can be directly applicable to a wide range of academic and professional pursuits. Strong language skills, critical thinking abilities, and test-taking strategies can be invaluable assets in fields such as business, law, healthcare, and the social sciences, where effective communication and problem-solving are essential.In conclusion, the ability to successfully navigate English language multiple-choice questions is a valuable and sought-after skill in the academic and professional world. By developing a deep understanding of the language's structure, a keen eye for detail, and a strategic approach to test-taking, individuals can not only upgrade to a bachelor's degree but also position themselves for success in a variety of future endeavors.。
莫高窟第158窟的纳骨器与粟特人的丧葬习俗
2004年第2期敦煌研究NO 1212004 (总第84期)DUN HUAN G RESEARCHTO TAL 84莫高窟第158窟的纳骨器与粟特人的丧葬习俗刘永增(敦煌研究院 考古研究所 甘肃 敦煌 736200) 收稿日期:2004201210 作者简介:刘永增(19542),男,河北省清苑县人,敦煌研究院考古研究所所长、副研究馆员。
内容摘要:本文主要以中亚各地发现的纳骨器为比较材料,推断莫高窟第158窟涅般木图中弟子们顶礼膜拜的箱形物就是粟特人祭葬祆教徒时所用的纳骨器。
证明了在中唐时期,至少在一部分祆教徒之间仍然遵从着粟特人的丧葬习俗。
同时以新发现的第196窟甬道南壁的“甘州萨保”题记为研究材料,推断元代至清代之间的敦煌周边仍然有粟特人的聚落。
关键词:纳骨器;粟特人;萨保中图分类号:K891.22 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100024106(2004)022******* 1907年,斯坦因在敦煌西北长城烽燧发现了以粟特文书写的古信札,通过粟特文专家的解读后我们得知,其中的第2信札说到某地有撒马尔汗的贵人聚落,而且还知道这些粟特人是由“萨保”统领的。
祆教神职人员祠主的存在,表明了自那时起,敦煌就有粟特人建立的祆祠[1][P55～56]。
也就是说,至少在公元4世纪初年,敦煌就已经有一定数量的粟特人在生活,并且有着自己的祆教信仰活动。
P.2005《沙州图经》卷3中记沙州东1里处有祆祠,祠内立祆主。
《天宝十载(751)敦煌县差科簿》中记载的从化乡,它的前身就是生活在敦煌的粟特人部落。
敦煌莫高窟现存的早期洞窟的研究表明,菩萨的仰月冠、交脚菩萨的坐式、靠背以及佛龛等,除了受到犍陀罗艺术的影响外,还受到了波斯艺术的影响。
虽然我们还无法证明这些受波斯艺术影响的佛教是经粟特人之手带到敦煌的,但是,接受了波斯的祆教信仰,遵从波斯人丧葬习俗的粟特人在敦煌及其周边有着自己的生活聚落,而波斯人却没有,至少现在的文献资料和考古发掘还不能明确地证明这一点。
张家界天门山公示语英译研究
公示语主要目的是在特定场合帮助外国友人在中国的食尧宿尧行尧 游袁注重对受众的效果袁但许多公示语英译文并未能有效准确的实现 其目的遥 例如袁中国男厕有这样一句公示语野上前一小步袁文明一大 步冶袁直译为野A little Step Forward袁A Big Step Civilization冶遥 这样的译 文虽然字字对应袁但外国友人看了却不知所云袁译文无法传递出原文 的真实信息袁即没有实现译文的目的遥 不妨采用委婉说法袁把它改为 野Commit No Nuisance冶袁转俗为雅袁实现译文的目的遥 2.圆 译文不连贯
某一景点野高山流水冶被译作野Rising Hill and Winding Water冶袁然 而野Rising Hill冶意思是野正在上升的山冶袁形式上是对应了袁但跟高山是
两码事袁译语没有忠实地把源语的信息表达好袁公示语里说的是一种 事物袁而实际上却是另一回事袁对于不懂中文的外国友人来说袁就不能 理解信息遥 山高可以译为野high hill冶遥
Science & Technology Vision
科技视界
张家界天门山公示语英译研究
滕丽冬 李 瑶 王意飘 王志刚 渊吉首大学外国语学院袁湖南 张家界 427000冤
揖摘 要铱本文调查分析了张家界天门山景区公示语英译现状,发现主要存在译文未能实现原文目的尧译文不连贯尧译文未忠实于原文等问 题袁本文利用目的论为理论指导袁探讨如何解决公示语英译中存在的不足袁进一步规范公示语的翻译遥